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Journal articles on the topic 'Avoiding nerve damage during thyroid surgery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Farook, Dr Mohammad Omar, Dr Mohammad Jamal Hussain, and Dr Kazi Shah Alam. "Subtotal Thyroidectomy Postoperative Complications with Unplanned Thyroid Surgery." SAS Journal of Medicine 9, no. 04 (2023): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2023.v09i04.011.

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Background: The surgical treatment for bilateral multinodular nontoxic goiter (BMNG) is still debatable. Avoiding RLN harm during thyroid surgery if the pathology is not identified. Reduce the incidence of hypoparathyroidism by reducing the rate of parathyroid gland damage during excision. Objective: To see the complications of subtotal thyroidectomy in random thyroid surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the Department of ENT & Head- Neck surgery, Rangamati Medical College, Rangamati for a period of 2 years from January 2019 and December

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2

Marshall, PD, JA Fairclough, Johnson, and EJ Evans. "Avoiding nerve damage during elbow arthroscopy." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 75-B, no. 1 (1993): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.75b1.8421009.

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3

Ryu, Junsun. "Prevention and management of nerve injury during thyroidectomy." Korean Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Society 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54441/jnn.2023.3.1.1.

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Since most thyroid cancers are slowly growing and are not fatal, prevention of surgical complications is as important as removing the lesion. Although permanent vocal cord paralysis, a significant complication of thyroid surgery, is reported to occur in about 1-2% of cases, the actual incidence is expected to be higher for various reasons. When nerve damage occurs despite the surgeon's utmost care, appropriate measures should be taken immediately. However, even with the most aggressive approach, nerve repair (neurorraphy) rarely restores normal vocal cord movement; it is known only to maintain

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Woo, Seung Hoon. "Management strategies for suspected nerve injury during thyroid surgery: a comprehensive review." Korean Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Society 4, no. 2 (2024): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.54441/jnn.2024.4.2.111.

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Thyroid surgery, such as thyroidectomy and lobectomy, is commonly performed to treat thyroid disorders. Nerve injury, especially to the recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal nerves, is a major complication, leading to vocal cord paralysis, dysphagia, and reduced quality of life. This review explores strategies for managing suspected nerve injury during thyroid surgery, including preventive measures, intraoperative neuromonitoring, surgical techniques for nerve preservation, and postoperative rehabilitation. Techniques like electromyography, electroglottography, and direct nerve stimulatio

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Syed, M. I., M. Madurska, and B. F. O'Reilly. "Key methods of identifying the horizontal facial nerve during difficult middle-ear surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 3 (2013): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113000066.

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AbstractBackground:The key to avoiding damage to the horizontal facial nerve in middle-ear surgery is to formally identify the nerve in the early stages of the procedure.Methods:In the non-infected ear this can be achieved relatively easily by identifying the oval window niche. However, in the infected ear with cholesteatoma, the safest landmark to use is the processus cochleariformis, which can be identified by three different methods.Conclusion:In an infected ear that is full of granulation tissue and/or cholesteatoma, the horizontal facial nerve can be reliably identified by locating the pr

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Kim, Kwangsoon. "Various methods for intraoperative neural monitoring during thyroid surgery." Korean Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Society 4, no. 1 (2024): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54441/jnn.2024.4.1.51.

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Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy is an essential technique to safeguard the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN), both critical for vocal cord function. Utilizing electromyography (EMG), IONM provides real-time feedback on nerve integrity, significantly reducing the risk of nerve damage during surgery. The primary methods of IONM include endotracheal tube electrodes, surface electrodes, needle electrodes, and continuous monitoring, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Endotracheal tube electrodes o

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Park, Dahee, and Eui-Suk Sung. "EMG tube based Intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery." Korean Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Society 2, no. 2 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54441/jnn.2022.2.2.25.

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Thyroid surgery can cause many complications, but recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is the most important. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to avoid recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Among them, intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is one of the useful tools to find nerves and avoid nerve palsy during surgery. There are various methods, but the method of directly monitoring the movement of the vocal cords using an electromyography tube was introduced first. After that, a method of increasing the signal accuracy by using a pressure sensor and an accelerometer sensor was also introduced. In

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Xuan, Zhidong, Na Wu, Chao Li, and Yongrong Liu. "Local Gaussian Distribution Fitting Boundary Image Segmentation Algorithm for Ultrasound Images in Avoiding Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury during Thyroid Nodules Treatment." Scientific Programming 2021 (August 31, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6115040.

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This work aimed to analyze the effect of the boundary segmentation algorithm in thyroid nodules image segmentation and the influence of its adoption in avoiding recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during treatment of thyroid nodules. The nodule boundary was extracted aided by the local Gaussian distribution fitting energy (LGDF) segmentation algorithm, which was compared with the normalized cut (Ncut) algorithm and the Canny algorithm. Then, 51 patients treated with microwave ablation for thyroid nodules were taken as a test group, and 51 patients treated with surgical resection were taken

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Cherenko, S. M., M. R. Bodnar, and A. Yu Glagoleva. "Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve, caused by aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria), in a female patient with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma: the first well-illustrated clinical case in Ukraine." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 17, no. 2 (2021): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.2.2021.230574.

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Background. The aberrant right subclavian artery (lat. arteria lusoria, AL) is a rare vascular abnormality of the aortic arch in humans, which occurs with a frequency of 0.1–2.5 % and is of great clinical importance due to the associated abnormality of the lower laryngeal nerve (non-recurrent laryngeal nerve, NLN), the risk of damage to which during thyroid surgery increases dramatically. For the first time in Ukraine, the clinical case of preoperative diagnosis of AL, intraoperative identification of NLN is comprehensively described and the current state of the issue is analyzed. The purpose

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Gill, Nishant, Ravi Kumar, Vijay Kumar Meena, Shivkumar a, and Resusci Annie. "NERVE MONITORING IN THYROID SURGERY: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (2022): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15866.

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Background:The proximity of the Recurrent Laryngeal and External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve to the Thyroid Gland has been a key factor for a profound interest of surgeons and clinicians in the clinical outcomes and Vocal changes in the post operative period in the patients undergoing thyroid surgery. The presence of Recurrent Laryngeal nerve in proximity of Thyroid poses a significant risk of damage to the nerve during surgery. The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve SuppliesLarynx below the level of vocal cords and all the muscles except Cricothyroid. Posterior Cricoarytenoid, the only abductor

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Lambert, A. W., C. Cosgrove, J. Barwell, S. Oxenham, and D. C. Wilkins. "Vagus nerve stimulation: quality control in thyroid and parathyroid surgery." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 114, no. 2 (2000): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215001905067.

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This paper describes the use of the Neurosign 100 Nerve Monitor and vagus nerve stimulation in the identification and assessment of the integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.Vocal fold function was assessed pre- and post-operatively in all patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery. The nerve monitor, used in association with endotracheal electrodes, was used to confirm correct RLN identification and demonstrate its integrity at the completion of surgery.There were 21 unilateral and 19 bilateral neck explorations. In these 40 patients,

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Kesici, Ugur, Mehmet Guray Duman, Ahmet Furkan Mazlum, and Leman Damla Ercan. "Double Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve with Thyroid Carcinoma." Annali Italiani di Chirurgia 95, no. 3 (2024): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.62713/aic.3305.

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The most important and serious complication of thyroid surgery is recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, and it has been noted that this risk increases considerably in the presence of anatomical variations. Double recurrent laryngeal nerve (DRLN) is very rare among RLN anatomical variations. There are only a few case reports on DRLN in the literature It is crucial to possess surgical expertise and ensure complete visualization of the nerve to minimize the likelihood of RLN injury. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is particularly useful in identifying anatomical variations. In a 54-year-

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Kraus, Dennis, Ashok R. Shaha, James Paul O'Neill, and Jennifer La Femina. "The Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery." World Journal of Endocrine Surgery 3, no. 1 (2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10002-1044.

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ABSTRACT A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anomaly and estimated to be present in 0.25 to 0.99% of patients.1 The identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is an essential part of thyroid surgery. It is now well-known that the recurrent laryngeal nerve is not only a single nerve but also a complex branching network of innervation. Thyroid surgery demands a precise understanding of the anatomical intimacy between the gland and surrounding structures, including the parathyroid glands and neurovascular tissue. The morbidity associated with thyroid surgery, in the sho

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Gostimsky, Alexander V., Anatoly F. Romanchishen, Sergey S. Peredereev, and Kristina V. Vabalayte. "Experience of using a neuromonitor during thyroid surgery in children." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 12, no. 5 (2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped12553-58.

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Background. Thyroid surgery is associated with the risk of complications that worsen the course of the postoperative period and lead to disability of patients. One of these complications is damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, causing impaired phonation, and in the case of bilateral lesions, respiratory impairment. The aim of this work was to study the features of the technique and the effectiveness of the use of neuromonitoring during operations on the thyroid gland. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a series of 55 clinical observations of thyroid diseases in c

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Hassani, Mariam Ameziane, Alami Meryem, Anouar Bouhllala, Ridal Mohammed, and Mohamed Noureddine El Alami El Amine. "Bilateral Trifurcation of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Case Report." SAS Journal of Surgery 10, no. 05 (2024): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjs.2024.v10i05.018.

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Introduction: Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure performed for a variety of thyroid disorders. NLR injury is a dreaded complication during thyroidectomy and is considered a challenge even by the most experienced surgeons. Case Report: A thirty-two-year-old female patient with no significant pathological history was admitted for management GMNH. Cervical ultrasonography revealed a multiheteronodular goitre classified as TIRADS 4, the largest nodule measuring four centimetres on the left, with no cervical adenopathy. Thyroid workup was normal. Thyroid cytology of nodule number 1 was co

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Rahali, Anwar, Rahal Mssrouri, Hamid Mohamed, et al. "Intra-operative discovery of nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve: a report of 3 cases including one of left nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve and literature review." International Journal of Scientific Reports 8, no. 8 (2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20221838.

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<p>The nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN), a rare variant in the course of the inferior laryngeal nerve, passes transversely into larynx directly arising from the vagus nerve that increases the risk of damage to the nerve during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. We discussed clinical significance of non-recurrent laryngeal nerve during cervicotomy. Its importance was demonstrated in three clinical cases as well as the related literature reviews. All patients underwent bilateral thyroidectomy for a multinodular goiter. Two patients had identification of the NRILN on the right si

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Bubnov, A. A., K. Yu Slashchuk, E. A. Shirshin, and V. Yu Timoshenko. "Intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands during endocrine surgery." Endocrine Surgery 15, no. 3 (2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg12724.

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Nowadays, diabetes and diseases of thyroid gland take place on the first two stage in the rank of all endocrine diseases. There are 3 directions to treat thyroid glands pathologies such as: using special pills which substitute natural thyroid hormones, surgery and radioiodine therapy. It has proven that surgery of thyroid gland is the most effective method among considering upper. at The same time, it is associated with the greatest risks of complications. The most common injuries are damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and unintentional traumatization or removal of a healthy parathyroid g

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Ahmed, J., P. Chatrath, and J. Harcourt. "A bifid intra-tympanic facial nerve in association with a normal stapes." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 5 (2006): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106000570.

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A rare facial nerve anomaly was incidentally discovered whilst performing a tympanoplasty and ossicular reconstruction on a patient with an acquired unilateral conductive hearing loss. The nerve was seen to bifurcate and straddle a normal stapes superstructure as it ran posteriorly through the middle ear, a unique and as yet unreported combination. This case highlights the importance of vigilance regarding facial nerve anatomical variations encountered during middle-ear surgery thus avoiding inadvertent damage. The purported embryological mechanism responsible for such anomalies of the intra-t

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Ikbal, Ashik, Mostafa Mahfuzul Anwar, and Tareq Uddin Ahmed. "Hypothyroidism following hemithyroidectomy: a study in a tertiary care hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 3 (2019): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20191718.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hypothyroidism results from insufficient production and secretion of thyroid hormones. This may be due to disturbance within the thyroid gland itself (primary hypothyroidism) or within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (secondary hypothyroidism). The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors and management of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy for benign non-toxic thyroid disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a prospective cro

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Manish, Shah Urvin, Boopathi Subbarayan, Saravanakumar Subbaraj, Tirou Aroul Tirougnanassambandamourty, and S. Robinson Smile. "Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve: a case report." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 10 (2020): 3469. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20204159.

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The incidence of Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is reported to be 0.6%-0.8% on the right side and in 0.004% on the left side. Damage to this nerve during thyroidectomy may lead to vocal cord complications and should therefore be prevented. A middle-aged woman with a nodular goiter who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy for multinodular colloid goiter. We encountered a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side in a patient during surgery. We were not able to find the inferior laryngeal nerve in its usual position using the customary anatomical landmarks. Instead, it was emerging direc

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Malyuga, Viktor Y., and Aleksandr A. Kuprin. "Anatomical landmarks of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve." Endocrine Surgery 12, no. 4 (2019): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg10050.

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Background. The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates a cricothyroid muscle, which provides tension in vocal cords and formation of high-frequency sounds. When the nerve is damaged during surgery, patients may notice hoarseness, inability to utter high pitched sounds, “rapid fatigue” of the voice, and dysphagia. According to literature, paresis of an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve reaches up to 58% after thyroid surgery. Aim: to identify permanent landmarks and topographic variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Mater

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Chai, Young Jun. "The various causes of intraoperative neuromonitoring failure and solutions." Korean Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Society 5, no. 1 (2025): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.54441/jnn.2025.5.1.15.

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Thyroid surgery is associated with potential complications, particularly involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, which significantly impact patient quality of life. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has become a critical tool for preserving nerve function during surgery by providing real-time electromyographic (EMG) feedback. However, the reliability of IONM can be compromised due to various failures during nerve stimulation or EMG signal recording. This study explores the causes of IONM failure and proposes practical solutions to enhanc

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Raj, Sagaya, Ravi Padmakar Deo, Azeem Mohiyuddin, Shuaib Merchant, and Manaswini Ramachandra. "Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve: An Indian Documentation." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 1 (2012): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1087.

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ABSTRACT Purpose of the study Aimed to highlight a rare anatomical variation of right recurrent laryngeal nerve and a brief review of literature. Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variation with an incidence of 0.5 to 0.7% in thyroid surgery. It is difficult to identify this variation preoperatively either by imaging or by signs and symptoms, unless a vascular anomaly is suspected. This study aims to underline the necessity of recognizing the possibility of non-RLN and also to follow a systematic dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgeries, to prevent intra

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Demiral, Meliha, Ciğdem Binay, Enver Simsek, and Hüseyin Ilhan. "Horner Syndrome Secondary to Thyroid Surgery." Case Reports in Endocrinology 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1689039.

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Horner syndrome (HS), caused by an interruption in the oculosympathetic pathway, is characterised by myosis, ipsilateral blepharoptosis, enophthalmos, facial anhydrosis, and vascular dilation of the lateral part of the face. HS is a rare complication of thyroidectomy. A 15-year-old female patient presented with solitary solid and large nodule in the right thyroid lobe. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed and the cytological examination results were undefined. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy. On postoperative day 2, she developed right-sided myosis and upper eyeli

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Wang, C.-C., and C.-H. Wu. "Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve identification during robotic thyroidectomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 2 (2014): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114000012.

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AbstractObjective:A non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is a rare anomaly in which the nerve enters the larynx directly off the cervical vagus nerve, without descending to the thoracic level. It is very susceptible to damage during surgery. This report describes the important pre-operative radiological evaluations and surgical landmarks in a case of a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve, identified during the recently developed technique of robotic thyroidectomy.Case report:A 38-year-old woman presented with suspected papillary microcarcinoma, as indicated by aspiration cytology. Pre-ope

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Abboud, Bassam, and Rony Aouad. "Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: report of three cases and review of the literature." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 2 (2004): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221504772784603.

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The non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is a nerve anomaly that can be associated with an increased risk of vocal fold paralysis. The purpose of this study wasto report three new cases of this anomaly, underline the necessity of recognizing its possibility for the prevention of intra-operative nerve damage and a review of the literature.Three cases of thyroid surgery associated with right NRILN are reported.Two patients underwent bilateral thyroidectomy for a multinodular goitre and for a toxic multinodular goitre respectively. The third patient had a right lobectomy and isthmectomy

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Hameed, A. Obituyi, O. Kehinde Sunday, V. Odunuga Kayode, M. Gbajumo Fadilat, S. Nurudeen Aisha, and M. Odukwu Chikaodinaka. "Superiority of Total Thyroidectomy Using Capsular Dissection Over Subtotal Thyroidectomy." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 9, no. 11 (2024): 2866–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14472427.

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Background: Total thyroidectomy involves the removal of the whole thyroid gland. Capsular dissection is a special technique in which the gland is removed with its capsule intact while avoiding nearby structures. While this unique technique has not been widely practiced , it reduces risk of iatrogenic damage to close structures especially recurrent laryngeal nerve with minimal disease recurrence consequent surgical re-intervention. This Study intends to demonstrate the Superiority of Capsular Total thyroidectomy over Subtotal Thyroidectomy.  Methodology: This is a Retrospective clinical study

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Gopi, Gokul, Saurav Sarkar, and Anindya Nayak. "Extra-laryngeal branching of recurrent laryngeal nerve: a possibility thyroid surgeons need to keep in mind to prevent inadvertent nerve injury." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 11 (2019): e231305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-231305.

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A 45-year-old woman presented with a neck swelling since the past 6 years. The swelling was painless but slowly and progressively increasing in size. On examination, a thyroid swelling of size approximately 6×4 cm was seen on the left side. Ultrasonography revealed the size to be 6×5 cm with microcalcifications. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed the mass to be papillary carcinoma. She was planned for total thyroidectomy with central compartment clearance. Preoperative assessment including thyroid hormone profile was normal and the patient was taken for surgery after proper anaesthesia c

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Pasu, Georgiana. "The role of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring followed by facial nerve stimulation during parotidectomy." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 6, no. 23 (2016): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2016-0018.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) has begun to be studied in detail by surgeons around the world since several decades ago from the need to verify functional integrity of the neural elements. Parotid gland surgery requires a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of this region by ENT surgeons. Also, the surgeons performing parotid surgery need to have important strategies of management which include: handiness to identify facial nerve, dissection nerve branches and application of neuromonitoring in order to preserve nerve functions. OBJECTIVE. This study has analysed the

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Dass, Prameela M., Ashwin R. Rai, Mangala M. Pai, Muralimanju B. V, Ganesh K. Chettiar, and Rajalakshmi Rai. "Laryngeal nerves in the cadaveric neck and its relevance to neck surgery- A descriptive study." F1000Research 13 (July 8, 2024): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148495.1.

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Background Because of its close relationship with vessels that supply the thyroid gland, it is necessary to understand and document the course of the laryngeal nerves to prevent accidental damage. Otherwise it can lead to weakness in vocal cord function if ligated along with the arteries during thyroidectomy or other surgical procedures. The aim of our study was to examine and document the origin, relationship, and branching patterns of the laryngeal nerves on the side of the neck. Method The present cross sectional anatomical study was conducted on 64 dissected necks of formalin-fixed cadaver

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Rushnaiwala, Faizaan, Naushad Hussain, and Avadhut Kulkarni. "The “Sign of Horns” deformity following the Thompson’s approach to the proximal radius—A rare case report and literature review." Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation 26, no. 1 (2019): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jotr.2018.01.002.

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The Thompson’s approach is used as the standard posterior approach by many surgeons. Although posterior interosseous nerve palsy following the Thompson’s approach has been reported by several authors, isolated paralysis of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) is a rare occurrence. We report to you a case of isolated paralysis of EDC following the Thompson’s approach in a 14-year-old boy who recovered completely on the 5th postoperative day. Each of the approaches to the proximal radius poses a risk of damage to the posterior interosseous nerve and its branches because of traction. Damage may

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Shidlovskyi, V. O., O. V. Shidlovskyi, A. M. Dyvak, V. M. Pryvrotskyi, and I. I. Morozovych. "Identification and monitoring of laryngeal nerves: technologies and problems. Review." Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Surgery, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/cees-2024-1-56.

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The review paper is devoted to an important problem of surgical treatment of thyroid diseases: avoiding injuries to the nerves of the larynx and the consequences associated with them. One of the ways to solve it is the identification and monitoring of nerves during surgery. An analysis of existing methods and technologies used for identification and monitoring of laryngeal nerves has been carried out. The issues of effectiveness and expediency of their application were considered. The definition of the terms «nerve identification» and «neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves» has been outlined. Th

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Netto, Irene de Pedro, Jose Guilherme Vartarian, Pablo Rodrigo Rocha Ferraz, et al. "Vocal fold immobility after thyroidectomy with intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 125, no. 3 (2007): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802007000300011.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative nerve monitoring has emerged as a valuable tool to facilitate recurrent laryngeal nerve identification during thyroid surgery, thereby avoiding its injury. The aim was to evaluate vocal fold mobility in patients who underwent thyroidectomy with intraoperative nerve monitoring. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort formed by a consecutive series of patients, at a tertiary cancer hospital. METHODS: The subjects were patients who underwent thyroidectomy using intraoperative laryngeal nerve monitoring, between November 2003 and January 2006. Descriptive analysis of the r

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Clayman, Gary L., Rashmi Roy, and James Norman. "Human Amnion/Chorion Membrane May Reduce Transient Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury During Thyroid Surgery." Cell Transplantation 31 (January 2022): 096368972110731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09636897211073136.

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Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage is a significant and prevalent complication of thyroid surgery. Based on the beneficial role of a human amnion/chorion membrane (HACM) allograft in wound management and nerve regeneration, we investigated whether placement of a commercially available HACM allograft on dissected RLN could reduce the occurrence and/or duration of RLN injury during thyroidectomy. Among 67 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 100 at-risk nerves (exposure of at least 3 cm of RLN) received intraoperative placement of HACM; 205 at-risk RLNs without HACM in 134 matched patients ser

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Malyuga, V. Y., and A. A. Kuprin. "VIRIATION OF THE EXTERNAL BRANCH OF THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 1 (2019): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma13053.

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Till now, there is no universal clinical classification about variations of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve despite the multiple classifications that was proposed. The aim of this research is identification and systematization of topographic types of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The study is based on the autopsy material (21 complexes organs of the neck) and on identification of variations of 40 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve. We identify two permanent landmark that are located at the minimum distance from nerve and on which we mad

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Gregory, Harrison H. K., and Baillie W. C. Ferris. "Embryology of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and advancements in detection prior to surgery." International Surgery Journal 12, no. 3 (2025): 469–72. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20250595.

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The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is an uncommon anatomical variant of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). A right-sided NRLN is exceedingly more common than a left-sided NRLN, and almost all are associated with abnormalities of the aortic arch, especially a right aberrant subclavian artery (ASCA). The NRLN has a strong embryological basis, resulting from the premature obliteration of the right fourth aortic arch. Absence of this structure during longitudinal development allows the laryngeal nerve to migrate superiorly, ultimately branching from the cervical vagus nerve without enterin

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Antonyan, M. S., and V. V. Poghosyan. "A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FREQUENCY AND TYPES OF COMPLICATIONS AFTER THYROID SURGERY: THE CLINICAL ASPECT." MEDICUS, no. 4 (70) (April 14, 2025): 96–100. https://doi.org/10.70546/2409-563x-2025-4(70)-96-100.

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Goal. To evaluate the frequency and types of complications after thyroid surgery performed at the Republican Clinical Hospital in Makhachkala, and compare the results with data from other studies. Materials and methods. In the period from 2023 to 2024, a retrospective analysis of the data of patients who underwent thyroid surgery was conducted. The analysis included information on demographic characteristics, preoperative diagnoses, types of operations performed, and the frequency of postoperative complications. All the data was published in a digital database, and standard surgical and diagno

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Huang, Tzu-Yen, Wing-Hei Viola Yu, Feng-Yu Chiang, et al. "How the Severity and Mechanism of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Dysfunction during Monitored Thyroidectomy Impact on Postoperative Voice." Cancers 13, no. 21 (2021): 5379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215379.

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Intraoperative neuromonitoring can qualify and quantify RLN function during thyroid surgery. This study investigated how the severity and mechanism of RLN dysfunction during monitored thyroid surgery affected postoperative voice. This retrospective study analyzed 1021 patients that received standardized monitored thyroidectomy. Patients had post-dissection RLN(R2) signal <50%, 50–90% and >90% decrease from pre-dissection RLN(R1) signal were classified into Group A-no/mild, B-moderate, and C-severe RLN dysfunction, respectively. Demographic characteristics, RLN injury mechanisms(mechanica

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Barman, Sanjib, Abhinandan Bhattacharjee, and Smrity Rupa Borah Dutta. "Identification of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve in relation to upper pole of thyroid gland in thyroid surgery." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 12, no. 10 (2024): 3755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20242937.

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Background: One of the most common procedures carried out by otorhinolaryngologists is thyroidectomy. A challenging aspect of thyroid surgery is the prevention of damage to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN). The objective of this study is to assess the rate of identification and different anatomical variations of the EBSLN in relation to the upper pole of the thyroid gland during thyroidectomy operation. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam involving

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Belokonev, V. I., Z. V. Kovaleva, S. Yu Pushkin, N. E. Galstyan, and T. V. Larina. "INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY AND TECHNICAL PECULIARITIES OF THYROIDECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH RETROSTERNAL GOITER." Tavricheskiy Mediko-Biologicheskiy Vestnik 23, no. 2 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2070-8092-2020-23-2-15-19.

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The paper is devoted to determining the frequency, features of the clinical course and technique of safe thyroidectomy in patients with retrosternal goiter. Materials and methods. We analyzed the treatment of 26 patients with retrosternal goiter. All patients underwent the neck-approach thyroidectomy with the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery. Results. It was found that patients with Graves’ disease did not have retrosternal goiter, with mixed toxic goiter the frequency was 13.7%, with nodular euthyroid goiter – 26.1%. In 11.5% of patients with retrosternal goiter,

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Belokonev, V. I., Z. V. Kovaleva, S. Yu Pushkin, N. E. Galstyan, and T. V. Larina. "INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY AND TECHNICAL PECULIARITIES OF THYROIDECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH RETROSTERNAL GOITER." Tavricheskiy Mediko-Biologicheskiy Vestnik 23, no. 2 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2070-8092-2020-23-2-15-19.

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The paper is devoted to determining the frequency, features of the clinical course and technique of safe thyroidectomy in patients with retrosternal goiter. Materials and methods. We analyzed the treatment of 26 patients with retrosternal goiter. All patients underwent the neck-approach thyroidectomy with the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery. Results. It was found that patients with Graves’ disease did not have retrosternal goiter, with mixed toxic goiter the frequency was 13.7%, with nodular euthyroid goiter – 26.1%. In 11.5% of patients with retrosternal goiter,

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Naumenko, O. M., M. V. Tarasenko, S. V. Zemskov, and M. Y. Bolgov. "Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery." Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Surgery, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/cees-2022-3-15.

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Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is one of the complications in thyroid surgery, the frequency of which varies within very wide limits due to the difficulties in diagnosis. The complaints relate to a change in voice tone, which significantly impairs the quality of life of patients, especially those with voice profession. The most accurate specific method for diagnosis is electroneuromyography but this technique is very difficult to perform and not used in routine practice. To diagnose the lesion of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve the authors used la

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Pilewski, Dawid, and Edyta Zomkowska. "Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Thyroid Operations as a Method of Reducing Neurological Deficit." Journal of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing 12, no. 3 (2023): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15225/pnn.2023.12.3.2.

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Introduction. Intraoperative neuromonitoring consists in current stimulation of the laryngeal nerve located near the thyroid gland. The intensity is usually set in the range of 1–2 mA in order to give the desired effect, but also to give the selectivity of the controlled nerves. The charge is designed to stimulate the vocal cords and motor innervation within the larynx, especially in the area of tissues subjected to surgery. Aim. The aim of the study was to present intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as a method of reducing the incidence of side effects associated

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Dhingra, Preeti, Kaustubh Raghuwanshi, Sirigiri Naga Mahendra, and Ritesh Agrawal. "Non recurrent laryngeal nerve: be vigilant." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 10, no. 3 (2024): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20241333.

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The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare variant of the RLN, which results from the partial failure of pharyngeal apparatus during embryological development. It’s a rare anatomical variation in which the nerve doesn’t descend to the thorax and enters the larynx directly from the vagus nerve in the neck. It’s an uncommon anatomical variation usually associated with subclavian artery abnormalities, so identification of these vascular anomalies before the surgery is important to avoid nerve injury. These anomalies lead to difficulty in finding the RLN and hence the chances of injury to t

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Balghari, Khalid Waliullah, Najaf Abbas, Maqsood Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Ilyas, Mazhar ul Islam, and Muhammad Toseef Ijaz. "ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY OF BIPOLAR DIATHERMY REGARDING RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE (RLN) DAMAGE IN THYROID SURGERY." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 30, no. 02 (2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v30i02.271.

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ABSTRACTAim: to present our experience regarding the safety of bipolar diathermy in relation to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage during thyroidectomy. BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures all over the world with an encouragingly low morbidity rate. The advent of new biomedical equipment has increased the precision of this procedure and has further reduced the incidence of complications. Classically thyroidectomy, like other surgical procedures was performed by conventional knife and scissor dissection techniques with excessive use of sutur

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Tseimakh, Alexander E., Yakov N. Shoikhet, Alexander A. Pantyushin, Elizabeth A. Novoselova, and Nikolay G. Khorev. "THYROIDECTOMY USING MICROSURGICAL NEUROLYSIS OF THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE. CLINICAL CASE." Bulletin of Medical Science 37, no. 2 (2025): 61–66. https://doi.org/10.31684/25418475-2025-2-61.

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Background. The percentage of complications after thyroid surgery remains high despite the development of surgical treatment technologies and safety, reaching 54.4% of cases. The most common complications are transient (up to 40% of cases) and permanent hypocalcemia (up to 3% of cases), damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve with transient laryngeal paresis (up to 8% of cases) and permanent laryngeal paresis (up to 3% of cases), damage to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, reaching 54.4-58% of cases. Clinical Case Description. The paper presents a clinical case of thyroidect

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Kabir, Md Humalun, Parimal Chandra Mallick, AFM Sarwar, and Hasan Mohammad Rizvi. "Accessory Mental Foramen of the Mandible Found With Radiographic Images: A Case Report." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 6, no. 2 (2017): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v6i2.31778.

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The object of this study is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen. Detection of the position of mental foramen is important during surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. A 64-year-o1d man visited us for taking treatment. Preoperative panoramic radiography and CT were conducted. A multi-section reconstructed sagittal image showed two mental foramina leading to the mandibular canal on the right side of the mandible, which were considered to be double mental foramina. Although no surgical procedure

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Kuprin, Aleksandr A., and Viktor Y. Malyuga. "Possibilities of preoperative ultrasound of neck vessels in the diagnosis of non-recurrent laryngeal nerve." Endocrine Surgery 13, no. 3 (2020): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/serg10354.

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Background: According to the anatomical data, the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve is a rather common abnormality and can be found in 4.78% of people. At the same time, the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve is difficult to visualize during surgery, which increases the risk of its damage. Aim: to determine the possibilities of ultrasound of neck vessels in the preoperative diagnosis of the aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) and the abnormality of the branches of the vagus nerve. Materials and methods: An observational, single-center, single-stage, randomized, uncontrolled c

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Vabalayte, Kristina, and Anatoly Romanchishen. "Effectiveness of spinal accessory intraoperative nerve monitoring during neck dissections." Problems in oncology 67, no. 1 (2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2021-67-1-64-69.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of accessory nerves during lateral lymphodissection (LLD). Materials and Methods. Main group consisted of 63 patients with thyroid cancer (TC) with confirmed metastatic spread into cervical lymph nodes of II-V groups, and which underwent IONM of accessory nerve during LLD. Control group consisted of 60 patients in which no IONM was performed during LLD. Main group consisted of 21 males (33.3%); 42 females (66.7%): mean age 50.7 ± 8,7. Control group consisted of 11 males (18.2%); 49 females (8

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Onder, Tolga, and Merih Altiok. "Energy Devices in Thyroidectomy: A Safe and Effective Alternative to Conventional Methods." Medical Science and Discovery 10, no. 10 (2023): 784–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i10.1055.

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Objective: The most feared complications of thyroid surgery, which is one of the most performed operations of endocrine surgery, are hoarseness due to recurrent nerve damage and hematoma formation in the neck. With the advancement of technology, the use of energy devices has increased during thyroid operations. However, there are different opinions about using energy devices during thyroid operations. Our study aimed to examine the reliability of energy use in thyroid operations. Material and Methods: The data of 144 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for various reasons were reviewed retr

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