Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Avortement spontané – Aspect psychologique'
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Nezelof, Sylvie. "Deuil anténatal : une clinique du chagrin maternel : évaluation prospective comparée des troubles psychiques après interruption médicale de grossesse et après arrêt spontané de grossesse." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESAA004.
Full textThe loss of child during pregnancy constitutes a singular form of mourning because of interference of died with the processes of parentalisation, and because of the specifie specifie bond with the lost child. - This research presents the follow-up over 18 months of 45 patients with interruption of pregnancy for fetal anomalies or miscarriage, compared with 20 control women. Evolution of the psychic suffering is evaluated by intensity of symptoms (scores of depression and anxiety) and by incidence of psychiatrie disorders. It insists especially on maternal representations, evaluated by the analysis of the content of the speeches, on the expression of the suffering of mourning. - The author presents historical, medical, legal and farming point on view on the representations of these situations, where died and birth merge
Les progrès du diagnostic anténatal ont conduit au cours des 15 dernières années à une augmentation des interruptions médicales de grossesse d'indication fœtale. Le nombre d'arrêts spontanés de grossesse est par ailleurs estimé aux environ de 20 à 25%. De précédents travaux ont montré l'impact que ces interruptions de grossesse pouvait potentiellement avoir sur le développement des enfants subséquents. La perte d'un enfant durant la grossesse constitue probablement une forme singulière du deuil du fait de l'interférence de la mort avec les processus psychiques de parentalisation, et du fait de la nature particulière des liens d'attachement à l'enfant perdu non encore totalement différencié mais très investi sur le plan narcissique. - Ce travail présente une recherche consistant en un suivi prospectif sur 18 mois de patientes ayant subi une interruption de grossesse ou ayant été victime d'un arrêt spontané de grossesse. L'évolution de la souffrance psychique est évaluée en terme d'intensité symptomatique et en terme d'incidence de survenue d'éventuels troubles psychiatriques. Il insiste surtout sur les variables intra-psychiques susceptibles d'influer sur l'expression de la souffrance du deuil. - Avant de présenter cette recherche, l'auteur tente d'analyser au travers d'une lecture plurielle, historique, médicale, juridique et culturelle, les représentations suscitées par ces situations où mort et naissance se confondent
Segura, Agnès. "Après une fausse couche précoce, les enjeux psychiques du devenir mère : une étude clinique et longitudinale du premier mois de la grossesse au quatrième mois du bébé." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC001.
Full textOne in four pregnancies is interrupted as a result of early miscarriage. This "loss" is difficult to characterise because of the precocity of pregnan-cy and the ambiguous and fuzzy status of the em-bryo. During a pregnancy following a miscarriage, its experience tends to be reactualised, which would hinder the psychic processes of becoming a mother.Hypotheses: 1. Refreshing the "female anxieties" 2. Risk of topical collapse and denial of ambivalence 3. Reactivation of what was cleaved 4. Withdrawal of the father 5. Disturbance of the quality of the parent-baby relationshipMethodology: prospective, longitudinal and qualita-tive research with psychoanalysis as reference. The population is made up of eight participants with their spouses. Five semi-structured clinical inter-views: in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, then at one and four months after the birth of the baby. Two self-questionnaires: the EPDS, to measure the risk of depression and prena-tal attachment (PAI); Inkblot (Rorschach) andTAT test (2nd trimester) and the drawing of the family tree (3rd quarter);Evaluation with the baby's Brazelton (NBAS) scale at month 1 and filmed interaction time (IPC) at month 4Results and analysis: 3 cases studies are built. The results show globally a validation of the hypotheses: during the pregnancy following an early miscarriage the anxieties of the female are reactualised and exac-erbated because of the loss experienced in the body as real.The miscarriage becomes an "attractor" of experienced suffering in representation, "waking up" isolated zones and un-symbolized experiences. Experiences of ambi-guity emerge both at the individual level and from the parental couple leading to generational confusion. The updated female anxieties associated with the psychic rearrangements induced by the state of pregnancy al-lowed that the subject take the status of equivalents affects. During the next pregnancy, one of the fate of this wrenching is, by a possible figuration of these test-ed, to become a loss.Interest: Pay attention to an event that seems "ordi-nary", but which resonates with archaic tests
Séjourné, Natalène. "Les fausses couches : souhait, nécessité et efficacité d'une intervention de soutien psychologique." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20060.
Full textMiscarriage is a frequent but painful event for women, half will experience psychological distress. Three empirical studies were conducted to analyse the type of help that can be provided and to study the efficiency of a specific counselling intervention. 1 : 305 women who responded to a questionnaire distibuted on web desired support following their miscarriage and show difficulty coping with the emotional aspects of miscarriage. 2 : A brief intervention with CBT components was conducted on 150 randomly selected women who were attibuted to two groups (immediate interview (n=66) and deferred intervention (n=68). Results at three weeks show a significant difference between groups for anxiety, impact of event and two subscales of grief. Multiples regression analysis showed that intervention group and history of depression are significant predictors of psychological adaptation. Analysis of 31 interviews (ALCESTE + thematic) permitted an in-depth qualitative analysis for the experience of miscarriage. 3 : A questionnaire on knowledge and representations of pregnancy and motherhood was created and distributed to the general population n=461). Answers indicate quite good knowledge of miscarriage but underline also the importance of beliefs concerning risks during pregnancy. Results of these three empirical studies undersocre the utility as well as the need for efficiency in counselling after miscarriage. Although women experiencing miscarriage don't usually seek special counselling on their own, they wih to receive some support and seem to benefit from it
Fourcade, Christine. "Aspect immunologique des relations fœto-maternelles." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA072151.
Full textCoëffin-Driol, Christine. "PMA - IVG, éthique et pratique des soignants face aux enjeux de la (dé)fabrication humaine." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL008.
Full textThis thesis in psychology emerge from a larger qualitative research conjunctively approaching all the nursing staff activity in 2 infertility clinics and 2 abortion clinics. The investigation of the abilities and feelings mobilized in the operations types by the way of 122 non participant observations and 44 research interviews, has allowed to select and put the focus more specifically on the ethic built up within work situations throughout the research interviews double analysis Cognitivo-Discursive under Tropes® and Clinical -. The results bring out the nursing staff subjective moral autonomy and expanded moral responsibility, behaving reaching metamorphosis since human (de)procreation is at stake, as well as the necessity for the human sciences which work out those subjects, to change their paradigms. At that close distance to what is all about, the nursing staff is adjusting in his intervention intimacy, because one has to arbitrate, compose, discern, compromise with oneself and with the others, whoever they are, to take steps to ensure that the activity sense would be maintained but not only : the idea of what is humanity, the Species survival. Finally, this research constitutes itself, in psychology, as an argument for clinical analysis of the medical and non medical practises
Ginestal, Stéphanie. "De l'I. V. G. Aux P. M. A : de l'interruption volontaire de grossesse aux procréations médicalement assistées." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081352.
Full textNowdays, thanks to the abortion and the artificial procreation, in france a woman is free to choose whether she wants to have a child or not. In that theses the abortion is studied in a first time as a medical technique : that is to say the struggles which permitted to access to legislation, the present law; its use avid the threats weigting today on that practice. The artificial procreation is latter the objectif a profond study through history, the present state all the techniques, the consequences of the treatments, today the legislation the abuses and finaly the opinion of the women users, of the feminists and of the ethic have been taken into consideration. Then, those two medicals pratices are compared around common value : the embryon, the desire to have children, the programed children and eugenism. The last part is consacrate at a comparison of these two practices in europ, in u. S. A. , in chili, in japan. I have deduct that in spite contraints women, today musn't hesitate to use these two medicals practices. These lucks inprocreation have so a long time envy by a lot women
Dosseville, Fabrice. "Rôle du rythme cardiaque dans la production des mouvements répétitifs, réguliers et spontanés : le cas du tempo spontané moteur." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2074.
Full textMerle-Sperta, Françoise. "Désir d'enfant chez l'adolescente en situation d'interrupton volontaire de grossesse ou en situation de grossesse menée à terme." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10038.
Full textElzingre, Martine. "Régulation des naissances et règlement du féminin." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H073.
Full textThe first issue in this work was to study the social conditions of birth control and abortion (France 1980-84) data were collected among women patients and among gynecologists; questions were asked to women about their experience as young girls or mothers, and to doctors about their practice. Field work has been done in family planning services and clinics in hospitals located in 12 towns including Paris. This research shows that women are very often seen as having no brain, as being promiscuous and with no limits; they are treated as guilty because they use the pill and the abortion, by their family and by doctors, even if they have the right to do so. The new laws (1967 and 1975) show and reactivate the ideology of hate and reject towards women; they are the bad sex and no responsible subjects. This has already be shown in past history, in witchhunting and fascism during 20th century. This study shows how painfully women have to find their own and complex position as women and mothers, and how this is ignored and denied. They are treated as mechanical objects which should obey to birth control without having a life of their own. The relation between subject and object as it is conventionally established in science is examined and criticized. The problem of the status of the feminine in science and knowledge is identified and the social effects of the emotions coming from sexuality are shown through the subjectivity of the woman scientist
Scheffel-Dunand, Dominique. "Etude psycholinguistique et phonostylistique de la voix de la certitude dans le discours spontané oral et de la perception du phénomène par des natifs francophones et des non natifs : perspectives didactiques de l'utilisation d'outils multimédias." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO31008.
Full textMytnik, Brigitte. "L' absence et la chair : psychanalyse de la fécondité féminine dans ses rapports de deuil : du vécu extrême au champ vivant non humain." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070090.
Full textThis work shows the deep bonds existing in the human psychic life between procreation and mourning as well as between the originating and the extreme subjective experiment. Lt's based on the interrogation of a clinical practice in maternity. The trauma is studied for the individual, for the collective and through the resonances from one to the other. In the absence of psychic containers sometimes the graves are made of flesh and blood. A "transitionnalite" D. Winnicott) to the process of mourninq using uterine contents and fecundity is evidenced through the analysis of the clinical material concerning perinatals mourning and legal abortions. Matrical forms of the transitional in their somatic roots are studied. Extreme traumas impel to reexjerience originating engrams. A psychic area in the non human life is conceptualised as well as the hypothesis of a phantasm of collective pregenital engendering. Psychic organiser, the phantasm of "magmamatrice"is conceived as an originating phantasm
Ertugral, Yris. "Le désir de maternité et la mort, en France, depuis la légalisation de la contraception et de l’avortement." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0448.
Full textIn France, since the legalization of contraception and abortion, the desire for motherhood has been asserted. Once natural, a child’s birth has become a scheduled choice, medically assisted, often taken for granted. Today, sterile women want to become mothers and sometimes can, thanks to the new reproductive techniques. The medical, technological progress arises incredible hopes. Even death appears like an improper phenomenom. Considering that death is present in oneself at any moment of one’s life, this study aims at appreciating what the personal relation with death induces to the desire for motherhood. To observe the link between this desire and death, to follow the behaviours evolution for the last 40 years, the research is supported by forty witnesses (men, women). Specialists explain their practices. Paris everyday life is taken as a setting. What parts do the social frame, the “family novel”, the hazards play in the desire to be (or not to be) a mother? What is becoming a mother, refusing that part, being sterile? What is facing the laws about abortion, eggs donor, surrogacy, or sterilization? The answers necessarily change in a country where each bioethics law revision causes an endless stir
Shulz, Jessica. "Entre honte et culpabilité, méandres de la maternalité chez la femme enceinte suite à une interruption médicale de grossesse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB190/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to explore the traces and updates of prenatal grief during a pregnancy subsequent to a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP). The status of the fetus is triply complex: between human and non-human on a legal dimension ; perceptible object but that cannot directly be seen in the plan of material reality; both narcissistic extension and internal object - partial and potentially total - in psychic reality. This extreme paradox is the major challenge of the psychic work during prenatal bereavement. Depending on the cultural background and singular maternal and paternal choices among those possibilities, the practices surrounding the death of the baby will be different and lead to contrasting grieving processes. In the particular case of MTP, the clinical experience leads us to consider two fundamental aspects. On one hand, the decision taken by the mother with the choice that she has to make to interrupt the pregnancy or not - and thereby the fetus/baby's life - questions on possibles feelings of guilt. From the other hand, being pregnant with a fetus with a severe pathology represents a narcissistic injury referring to the concept of shame. Shame and guilt, because of their relationship with narcissistic and object-relation processes seem to be quite relevant to study the specificities of a pregnancy following a MTP. In this context, three main questions constitutes the problematic of this study : Is the investment of the dead fetus/baby updated by the investment of the current fetus/baby ? Is the pregnancy activating in a particular way feelings of shame and guilt ? What is the articulation of these feelings with the grieving process ? Methodology: This qualitative research refers to a hypothetical-deductive method and lays on a psychoanalytic background. Our population is composed with 11 women (primiparous and multiparous) pregnant after a MTP for fetal reasons occurred after 15 weeks of amenorrhea (WA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted on the three trimestre of the pregnancy. They also each time completed self-questionnaires (PAI, PGS, EPDS, STAI, DAS, PCLS). The analysis of the interviews, that were recorded, crosses a thorough observation of each case with a thematic content analysis, taking into account the subjective experience of each woman, in order to answer the research hypotheses. Results: The results highlight an updating of the grieving process during the following pregnancy. They are in line with the confirmation of the heuristic and clinical significance of the study of shame and guilt in a pregnancy following a MTP. For these women, shame is manifested by a feeling of unveiling and exclusion, loss of control, and an experience of failure and unworthiness. The elaboration of shame is a good marker for possible resolution of narcissistic and developmental dimensions of the grieving process. Guilt is very present, connected with fetal pathology, the decision to terminate the pregnancy and towards the baby of the current pregnancy. Shame and guilt can be understood as the two poles of a continuous gradient. Their study in the context of a pregnancy following a medically terminated one makes possible to offer pertinent semiological and psychopathological markers in the framework of primary and secondary prevention of troubles in parentality and in early relational dysharmonies
Buil, Aude. "Amélioration du soin peau-à-peau en médecine néonatale par l'installation en Flexion Diagonale Soutenue (FDS) : impact sur le grand prématuré, sa mère et la construction de leur espace de communication Kangaroo supported diagonal flexion positioning: new insights into skin-to-skin contact for communication between mothers and very preterm infants Kangaroo supported diagonal flexion positioning: positive impact on maternal stress and postpartum depression risk and on skin-to-skin practice with very preterm infants Impact de l’installation en flexion diagonale soutenue sur le maternage tactile spontané lors de la première séance de peau-à-peau en réanimation néonatale Changer l’installation du soin peau à peau en néonatalogie pour une communication précoce de qualité Une installation innovante lors du peau à peau en néonatologie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB095.
Full textContext: nowadays, skin-to-skin care is common practice in neonatal medicine services. It provides a unique relational opportunity that can be offered shortly after premature birth and it has already shown many benefits for the premature new-born and his/her parents. Like other care practices, skin-to-skin care can still be improved and adjusted to the high-technology environment of industrialized countries, in order to create an optimal sensorimotor and relational niche. Objective: the objective of the research-action of this doctoral thesis was precisely to test the benefit of a change of positioning during skin-to-skin care in NICU. Our hypothesis was that the innovative positioning in Supported Diagonal Flexion ('SDF') would allow improvements in the opportunity for individualized parent-new-born interactions, but also provide support to the construction of parenthood, plagued by premature birth, and improve postural and motor prevention in the premature new-born. Methods: we conducted a prospective monocentric interventional control-case study. Forty-two very premature infants, born between 27 and 32 weeks of gestation, and their mothers were included from may 2015 to july 2016. They were allocated to two groups: group 1 with skin-to-skin installation as it is commonly carried out in situ, which is 'Vertical' with a nursing pillow ('Vertical' group) and group 2 with Sustained Diagonal Flexion ('FDS' group), observed consecutively and matched with group 1 according to the term and weight of the children included. The study looked at the very premature infant, his/her mother et their multimodal communication (vocal, visual, tactile and smile) at five stages: at birth, during the first skin-to-skin, 15 days later, at term corrected age and at three months corrected age, thus on a six to seven months' time-span for each dyad. Results: from the very first skin-to-skin, mothers installed in 'FDS' displayed more affective, active and varied spontaneous tactile mothering, and immediately offer a more dense and musical sound cocoon. Mother in the 'FDS' group had a significantly lower risk of post-partum depression after 15 days of skin-to-skin practice and at term corrected age, they naturally lengthened the duration of skin-to-skin sessions and developed more variability when carrying their infant in their arms. When installed in 'FDS' during hospitalization, the two partners dispayed more multimodal behaviours and the infant's behaviours were contingent (1 s) to the mother's in greater proportion. At term corrected age, these differences partly reversed, but we observed a better investment of the calm awake state, with the child's visual engagement more focused on his/her mother's face. At term corrected age, premature infants in the 'FDS' group showed less postural deformations and a better organization in spontaneous motricity. Conclusion: this doctoral thesis demonstrates that skin-to-skin practice can be improved through the 'SDF' positionning, by physically supporting the new-born, psychologically supporting his/her mother, and finally allowing richer multi-modal mother-child communication by offering the early opportunity to be more sensitive to one another as a basis for the relationship
Bouvier, Sylvie. "Nouveaux acteurs moléculaires de la dysfonction vasculo-placentaire." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13505.
Full textVascular risk increases during pregnancy, contributing to maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, and potentially justifying primary and secondary preventive measures. Our work evaluates the impact of some determinants and the contribution of new molecular actors implicated in placental vascular dysfunction. The ultimate aim is to optimize management and to develop new therapeutic strategies. We studied the placental vascular complications associated with known biological markers: the factor V Leiden or prothrombin polymorphisms, and conventional markers of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Women with previous recurrent abortions carrying polymorphisms of either factor V or factor II, or with APS (treated with heparin and low-dose aspirin), had an increased risk of foetal loss during subsequent pregnancies. Women with a previous foetal loss carrying these biological markers, treated according to recommendations during a new pregnancy (heparin for the polymorphisms, heparin plus low-dose aspirin for APS) had a lower risk of foetal loss, but an excess of late complications was observed in the APS group despite prophylaxis. We evaluated the contribution of new markers of placental vascular dysfunction. The placental alkaline phosphatase enzyme (PLAP) is synthesized and expressed by syncytiotrophoblastic cells. We found that the Ile89Leu polymorphism of the PLAP gene provides protection against implantation failure and primary miscarriage and induces increased PLAP activity. We also studied (genetics, plasma determinations, in vitro fertilisation) an angiogenic factor (patent application underway), which we showed to be associated with idiopathic implantation failure and miscarriage. These findings suggest that these molecular actors are potentially useful for the diagnosis of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications and may be relevant biomarkers of embryo implantation and/or placental development. They may indicate new targets for relevant therapeutic strategies, potentially overcoming the limitations of the currently available treatments
Warnier, de Wailly Diane. "La grossesse suivant une interruption médicale de grossesse : quelles traces du deuil prénatal dans le lien à l'enfant suivant ? : de la préoccupation maternelle mélancolique à la préoccupation maternelle primaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H107.
Full textThe objet of this work is to analyze the evolution of the process of mourning during a pregnancy following a termination of pregnancy (TOP). 8461 children were born dead in France in 2012 and 59 to 86% of women start a new pregnancy in the six months following the loss; the perinatal mourning constitutes a problem of public health because 25% lead to a pathological mourning. The status of the lost object and maternal representations participate in the fate this lost foetus. The evolution of the practices favoring the humanization of the foetus and the objectalisation of the latter is criticized by some authors. We find a lack of consensus in the literature on the impact of this new pregnancy on the process of mourning. According to certain authors, she could interrupt the work of mourning, for others on the contrary, favor a elaborative resumption. These following pregnancies, tinged with the mourning, seem to represent a risk factor in the prenatal attachment with consequences on the link to the puisne child. We thus question the relation between the process of perinatal mourning and the process of investment of the child coming during a following pregnancy. Used methodology: longitudinal follow-up of seven pregnant women during pregnancy following a TOP after 15 weeks, three times during the pregnancy and at three months after the birth of the subsequent child according to a qualitative analysis (interview of clinical research) and a quantitative analysis of depression (EPDS), anxiety (STAI), perinatal mourning (PGS) and prenatal attachment (PAI) by means of auto-questionnaires. The qualitative results, treated in a singular way according to a psychodynamic analysis, are then included according to our hypotheses. The quantitative results are integrated into a wier corpus to allow statistical analysis of the data. Results: between the normal and the pathological, affects, feelings and representations oscillate on this continuum, in the course of the pregnancy, the terms and anniversaries, the proven sensory demonstrations. The following pregnancy allows to revisit the previous pregnancy; she gives the opportunity to the mothers saddened to put into words the gross affects consecutive to the loss, to put of the sens to register this traumatic event in the individual, conjugal, and family history. Somme women,for whom the work of mourning could seem motionless, were able to put the psychic transparency of this new pregnancy in profit to redevelop the previous loss and to give a just place to each of both babies. The updating of the process of mourning during the following pregnancy will be function of the psychic structure of the woman. The depression and the anxiety are also markers of the elaboration of the loss and the place made for the puisne child. The quantitaive analysis of the statistical data shows the presence of anxiety, particularly at the begining of the following pregnancy