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Journal articles on the topic 'Avr1a'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

MacGregor, Terry, Madan Bhattacharyya, Brett Tyler, Ravindra Bhat, August F. Schmitthenner, and Mark Gijzen. "Genetic and Physical Mapping of Avr1a in Phytophthora sojae." Genetics 160, no. 3 (2002): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.3.949.

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Abstract The interaction between soybean and the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora sojae is controlled by host resistance (Rps) genes and pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. We have mapped the Avr1a locus in F2 populations derived from four different P. sojae races. Four RAPD and nine AFLP markers linked to Avr1a were initially identified. Nine markers were used to compare genetic linkage maps of the Avr1a locus in two distinct F2 populations. Distorted segregation ratios favoring homozygous genotypes were noted in both crosses. Segregation analysis of all the markers in one F2 population of

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2

Qutob, Dinah, Jennifer Tedman-Jones, Suomeng Dong, et al. "Copy Number Variation and Transcriptional Polymorphisms of Phytophthora sojae RXLR Effector Genes Avr1a and Avr3a." PLoS ONE 4, no. 4 (2009): e5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005066.

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3

van der Lee, Theo, Andrea Robold, Antonino Testa, John W. van’t Klooster, and Francine Govers. "Mapping of Avirulence Genes in Phytophthora infestans With Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers Selected by Bulked Segregant Analysis." Genetics 157, no. 3 (2001): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.3.949.

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Abstract In this study we investigated the genetic control of avirulence in the diploid oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight on potato. The dominant avirulence (Avr) genes matched six race-specific resistance genes introgressed in potato from a wild Solanum species. AFLP markers linked to Avr genes were selected by bulked segregant analysis and used to construct two high-density linkage maps, one containing Avr4 (located on linkage group A2-a) and the other containing a cluster of three tightly linked genes, Avr3, Avr10, and Avr11 (located on linkage group

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4

Song, Tianqiao, Shiv D. Kale, Felipe D. Arredondo, et al. "Two RxLR Avirulence Genes in Phytophthora sojae Determine Soybean Rps1k-Mediated Disease Resistance." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 7 (2013): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-12-0289-r.

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Resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps) genes have been widely used in soybean against root and stem rot diseases caused by this oomycete. Among 15 known soybean Rps genes, Rps1k has been the most widely used in the past four decades. Here, we show that the products of two distinct but closely linked RxLR effector genes are detected by Rps1k-containing plants, resulting in disease resistance. One of the genes is Avr1b-1, that confers avirulence in the presence of Rps1b. Three lines of evidence, including overexpression and gene silencing of Avr1b-1 in stable P. sojae transformants, as well as t

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5

Na, Ren, Dan Yu, B. Patrick Chapman, et al. "Genome Re-Sequencing and Functional Analysis Places the Phytophthora sojae Avirulence Genes Avr1c and Avr1a in a Tandem Repeat at a Single Locus." PLoS ONE 9, no. 2 (2014): e89738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089738.

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6

Sanbe, Atsushi, Norio Takagi, Yoko Fujiwara, et al. "Alcohol preference in mice lacking the Avpr1a vasopressin receptor." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 294, no. 5 (2008): R1482—R1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00708.2007.

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[Arg8]-vasopressin (Avp), a nonapeptide hormone, is known to regulate blood pressure, water balance, and a variety of behaviors such as anxiety, aggression, and bonding. Although some evidence that Avp modifies ethanol consumption and some of the effects of ethanol on behavior have been reported, the role of Avp in alcohol consumption and preference is poorly understood. The Avp1a receptor (Avpr1a) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system. To determine the role of Avp signaling on the behavioral effects of alcohol, we examined voluntary ethanol consumption in mice with targeted

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7

Yin, Weixiao, Suomeng Dong, Luchong Zhai, Yachun Lin, Xiaobo Zheng, and Yuanchao Wang. "The Phytophthora sojae Avr1d Gene Encodes an RxLR-dEER Effector with Presence and Absence Polymorphisms Among Pathogen Strains." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 8 (2013): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0035-r.

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Soybean root and stem rot is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. The interaction between P. sojae and soybean fits the “gene-for-gene” hypothesis. Although more than 10 P. sojae avirulence (Avr) effectors have been genetically identified, nearly half of genetically defined avr genes have been cloned. In a previous bioinformatic and global transcriptional analysis, we identified a P. sojae RxLR effector, Avr1d, which was 125 amino acids in length. Mapping data demonstrated that Avr1d presence or absence in the genome was co-segregated with the Avr1d avirulence phenotype in F2 po

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8

Wawra, Stephan, Armin Djamei, Isabell Albert, Thorsten Nürnberger, Regine Kahmann, and Pieter van West. "In Vitro Translocation Experiments with RxLR-Reporter Fusion Proteins of Avr1b from Phytophthora sojae and AVR3a from Phytophthora infestans Fail to Demonstrate Specific Autonomous Uptake in Plant and Animal Cells." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 5 (2013): 528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-08-12-0200-r.

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Plant-pathogenic oomycetes have a large set of secreted effectors that can be translocated into their host cells during infection. One group of these effectors are the RxLR effectors for which it has been shown, in a few cases, that the RxLR motif is important for their translocation. It has been suggested that the RxLR-leader sequences alone are enough to translocate the respective effectors into eukaryotic cells through binding to surface-exposed phosphoinositol-3-phosphate. These conclusions were primary based on translocation experiments conducted with recombinant fusion proteins whereby t

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9

Lu, Xunli, Barbara Kracher, Isabel M. L. Saur, et al. "Allelic barley MLA immune receptors recognize sequence-unrelated avirulence effectors of the powdery mildew pathogen." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 42 (2016): E6486—E6495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612947113.

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Disease-resistance genes encoding intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are key components of the plant innate immune system and typically detect the presence of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from pathogens. NLR genes define the fastest-evolving gene family of flowering plants and are often arranged in gene clusters containing multiple paralogs, contributing to copy number and allele-specific NLR variation within a host species. Barley mildew resistance locus a (Mla) has been subject to extensive functional diversification, resulting in a

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10

Shan, Weixing, Minh Cao, Dan Leung, and Brett M. Tyler. "The Avr1b Locus of Phytophthora sojae Encodes an Elicitor and a Regulator Required for Avirulence on Soybean Plants Carrying Resistance Gene Rps1b." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 4 (2004): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.4.394.

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We have used map-based approaches to clone a locus containing two genes, Avr1b-1 and Avr1b-2, required for avirulence of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann) on soybean plants carrying resistance gene Rps1b. Avr1b-1 was localized to a single 60-kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone by fine-structure genetic mapping. Avr1b-1 was localized within the 60-kb region by identification of an mRNA that is expressed in a race-specific and infection-specific manner and that encodes a small secreted protein. When the Avr1b-1 protein was synthesized in the yeast Pic

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11

Okhovat, M., S. M. Maguire, and S. M. Phelps. "Methylation of avpr1a in the cortex of wild prairie voles: effects of CpG position and polymorphism." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 1 (2017): 160646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160646.

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DNA methylation can cause stable changes in neuronal gene expression, but we know little about its role in individual differences in the wild. In this study, we focus on the vasopressin 1a receptor ( avpr1a ), a gene extensively implicated in vertebrate social behaviour, and explore natural variation in DNA methylation, genetic polymorphism and neuronal gene expression among 30 wild prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster ). Examination of CpG density across 8 kb of the locus revealed two distinct CpG islands overlapping promoter and first exon, characterized by few CpG polymorphisms. We used a t

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12

Tyler, Brett M., Shiv D. Kale, Qunqing Wang, et al. "Microbe-Independent Entry of Oomycete RxLR Effectors and Fungal RxLR-Like Effectors Into Plant and Animal Cells Is Specific and Reproducible." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 6 (2013): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0051-ia.

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A wide diversity of pathogens and mutualists of plant and animal hosts, including oomycetes and fungi, produce effector proteins that enter the cytoplasm of host cells. A major question has been whether or not entry by these effectors can occur independently of the microbe or requires machinery provided by the microbe. Numerous publications have documented that oomycete RxLR effectors and fungal RxLR-like effectors can enter plant and animal cells independent of the microbe. A recent reexamination of whether the RxLR domain of oomycete RxLR effectors is sufficient for microbe-independent entry

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13

Yuan, Justin, and Thomas L. Pannabecker. "Architecture of inner medullary descending and ascending vasa recta: pathways for countercurrent exchange." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, no. 1 (2010): F265—F272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00071.2010.

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Pathways and densities of descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) in the outer zone of the inner medulla (IM) were evaluated to better understand medullary countercurrent exchange. Nearly all urea transporter B (UT-B)-positive DVR, those vessels exhibiting a continuous endothelium, descend with little or no branching exclusively through the intercluster region. All DVR have a terminal fenestrated (PV-1-positive) segment that partially overlaps with the UT-B-positive segment. This fenestrated segment descends a distance equal to ∼15% of the length of the connecting UT-B-posit

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14

Bauer, Saskia, Dongli Yu, Aaron W. Lawson, et al. "The leucine-rich repeats in allelic barley MLA immune receptors define specificity towards sequence-unrelated powdery mildew avirulence effectors with a predicted common RNase-like fold." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 2 (2021): e1009223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009223.

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Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) in plants can detect avirulence (AVR) effectors of pathogenic microbes. The Mildew locus a (Mla) NLR gene has been shown to confer resistance against diverse fungal pathogens in cereal crops. In barley, Mla has undergone allelic diversification in the host population and confers isolate-specific immunity against the powdery mildew-causing fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis forma specialis hordei (Bgh). We previously isolated the Bgh effectors AVRA1, AVRA7, AVRA9, AVRA13, and allelic AVRA10/AVRA22, which are recognized by

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15

van der Lee, Theo, Antonino Testa, John van 't Klooster, Grardy van den Berg-Velthuis, and Francine Govers. "Chromosomal Deletion in Isolates of Phytophthora infestans Correlates with Virulence on R3, R10, and R11 Potato Lines." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 12 (2001): 1444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.12.1444.

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In Phytophthora infestans, a cluster of three dominant avirulence genes is located on the distal part of linkage group VIII. In a mapping population from a cross between two Dutch field isolates, probe M5.1, derived from an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker linked to the Avr3-Avr10-Avr11 cluster, hybridized only to DNA from the parent and F1 progeny that is avirulent on potato lines carrying the R3, R10, and R11 resistance gene. In the virulent parent and the virulent progeny, no M5.1 homologue was detected, demonstrating a deletion on that part of linkage group VIII. P. inf

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16

Harris, Meaghan N., Rose M. Alvarez, Brian Keane, Alexander D. Talib, Michael J. Eiswerth, and Nancy G. Solomon. "The role of avpr1a microsatellite length on reproductive success of female Microtus ochrogaster." Behaviour 151, no. 8 (2014): 1185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003178.

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Vasopressin and its’ interactions with the vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) are important in the formation of social attachments and parental behavior in male mammals but there also is evidence that vasopressin is involved in maternal behavior in female mammals. Laboratory studies have shown that female rats with greater expression of V1aR in particular brain regions display more maternal behavior than those with less V1aR expression. Previous data showed that variation in neural V1aR expression in males of several species of rodents was influenced by the length of microsatellite DNA within the

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17

Yin, Chao, Zijian Liu, Honghong Xian та ін. "AvrA Exerts Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Its Naïve Salmonella Serotype through Suppression of p-JNK and Beclin-1 Molecules". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, № 17 (2020): 6063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176063.

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Avian salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Pullorum (S. Pullorum) remains a big threat to the poultry industry and public hygiene. AvrA is an effector involved in inhibiting inflammation. Compared to AvrA from S. Enteritidis (SE-AvrA), the AvrA from S. Pullorum (SP-AvrA) lacks ten amino acids at the C-terminal. In this study, we compared the anti-inflammatory response induced by SP-AvrA to that of SE-AvrA. Transient expression of SP-AvrA in epithelial cells resulted in significantly weaker inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation when treated with

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18

Lin, Yachun, Qinli Hu, Jia Zhou, et al. "Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1d functions as an E2 competitor and inhibits ubiquitination activity of GmPUB13 to facilitate infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (2021): e2018312118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018312118.

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Oomycete pathogens such as Phytophthora secrete a repertoire of effectors into host cells to manipulate host immunity and benefit infection. In this study, we found that an RxLR effector, Avr1d, promoted Phytophthora sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the soybean E3 ubiquitin ligase GmPUB13 as a host target for Avr1d. By coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), gel infiltration, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays, we confirmed that Avr1d interacts with GmPUB13 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Avr1d inhibits the E3 li

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19

Wang, Liyuan, Han Chen, JiangJiang Li, et al. "Effector gene silencing mediated by histone methylation underpins host adaptation in an oomycete plant pathogen." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 4 (2019): 1790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1160.

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Abstract The relentless adaptability of pathogen populations is a major obstacle to effective disease control measures. Increasing evidence suggests that gene transcriptional polymorphisms are a strategy deployed by pathogens to evade host immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms of transcriptional plasticity remain largely elusive. Here we found that the soybean root rot pathogen Phytophthora sojae evades the soybean Resistance gene Rps1b through transcriptional polymorphisms in the effector gene Avr1b that occur in the absence of any sequence variation. Elevated levels of histone H3 Lysi

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20

Na, Ren, Dan Yu, Dinah Qutob, Jun Zhao, and Mark Gijzen. "Deletion of the Phytophthora sojae Avirulence Gene Avr1d Causes Gain of Virulence on Rps1d." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 26, no. 8 (2013): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-13-0036-r.

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Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete and a pathogen of soybean that causes root rot. During infection P. sojae delivers effector proteins into host cells to foster disease. However, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) results when pathogen factors are recognized by host resistance (R) proteins. We have now identified the P. sojae Avr1d gene, which encodes a predicted effector protein with the amino acid motif Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RXLR). Genetic mapping of 16 different P. sojae isolates and of a segregating F2 population of 40 individuals shows that the predicted RXLR effector gene Avh6 precisely cosegreg

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Albee, Lauren J., Heather M. LaPorte, Xianlong Gao, et al. "Identification and functional characterization of arginine vasopressin receptor 1A : atypical chemokine receptor 3 heteromers in vascular smooth muscle." Open Biology 8, no. 1 (2018): 170207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170207.

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Recent observations suggest that atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR)3 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)4 regulate human vascular smooth muscle function through hetero-oligomerization with α 1 -adrenoceptors. Here, we show that ACKR3 also regulates arginine vasopressin receptor (AVPR)1A. We observed that ACKR3 agonists inhibit arginine vasopressin (aVP)-induced inositol trisphosphate (IP 3 ) production in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) and antagonize aVP-mediated constriction of isolated arteries. Proximity ligation assays, co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resona

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Giacomodonato, Mónica N., Mariángeles Noto Llana, María del Rosario Aya Castañeda, Fernanda R. Buzzola, Sebastián H. Sarnacki, and María C. Cerquetti. "AvrA effector protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is expressed and translocated in mesenteric lymph nodes at late stages of infection in mice." Microbiology 160, no. 6 (2014): 1191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.077115-0.

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Salmonellosis is a major health problem worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) has been a primary cause of Salmonella outbreaks in many countries. AvrA is an SPI-1 effector protein involved in the enteritis pathway, with critical roles in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. In this work, we constructed an AvrA-FLAG-tagged strain of S. Enteritidis to analyse the expression profile of AvrA in vitro, in cell culture and in vivo. AvrA expression and secretion were observed in vitro under culture conditions that mimicked intestinal and intracellular environments. In

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23

Overdijk, Elysa J. R., Vera Putker, Joep Smits, et al. "Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR1 disturbs the growth of Physcomitrium patens without affecting Sec5 localization." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249637.

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Plant pathogens often exploit a whole range of effectors to facilitate infection. The RXLR effector AVR1 produced by the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans suppresses host defense by targeting Sec5. Sec5 is a subunit of the exocyst, a protein complex that is important for mediating polarized exocytosis during plant development and defense against pathogens. The mechanism by which AVR1 manipulates Sec5 functioning is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effect of AVR1 on Sec5 localization and functioning in the moss Physcomitrium patens. P. patens has four Sec5 homologs. Two (PpS

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Bos, Jorunn I. B., Angela Chaparro-Garcia, Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo, Brian B. McSpadden Gardener, and Sophien Kamoun. "Distinct Amino Acids of the Phytophthora infestans Effector AVR3a Condition Activation of R3a Hypersensitivity and Suppression of Cell Death." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 3 (2009): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-3-0269.

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The AVR3a protein of Phytophthora infestans is a polymorphic member of the RXLR class of cytoplasmic effectors with dual functions. AVR3aKI but not AVR3aEM activates innate immunity triggered by the potato resistance protein R3a and is a strong suppressor of the cell-death response induced by INF1 elicitin, a secreted P. infestans protein that has features of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. To gain insights into the molecular basis of AVR3a activities, we performed structure-function analyses of both AVR3a forms. We utilized saturated high-throughput mutant screens to identify amino ac

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Zhao, Ning, Stephanie O. Peacock, Chen Hao Lo, et al. "Arginine vasopressin receptor 1a is a therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer." Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 498 (2019): eaaw4636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw4636.

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Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) recurs after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and is incurable. Reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in the low androgen environment of ADT drives CRPC. This AR activity occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including up-regulation of AR coactivators such as VAV3 and expression of constitutively active AR variants such as the clinically relevant AR-V7. AR-V7 lacks a ligand-binding domain and is linked to poor prognosis. We previously showed that VAV3 enhances AR-V7 activity to drive CRPC progression. Gene expression profiling after de

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Dioh, Waly, Didier Tharreau, Jean Loup Notteghem, Marc Orbach, and Marc-Henri Lebrun. "Mapping of Avirulence Genes in the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, with RFLP and RAPD Markers." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 2 (2000): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.2.217.

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Three genetically independent avirulence genes, AVR1-Irat7, AVR1-MedNoï, and AVR1-Ku86, were identified in a cross involving isolates Guy11 and 2/0/3 of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Using 76 random progeny, we constructed a partial genetic map with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers revealed by probes such as the repeated sequences MGL/MGR583 and Pot3/MGR586, cosmids from the M. grisea genetic map, and a telomere sequence oligonucleotide. Avirulence genes AVR1-MedNoï and AVR1-Ku86 were closely linked to te-lomere RFLPs such as marker TelG (6 cM from AVR1-MedN

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Xue, Dongqi, Han Liu, Dong Wang, Yanna Gao, and Zhiqi Jia. "Comparative transcriptome analysis of R3a and Avr3a-mediated defense responses in transgenic tomato." PeerJ 9 (August 9, 2021): e11965. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11965.

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Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating diseases in potatoes and tomatoes. At present, several late blight resistance genes have been mapped and cloned. To better understand the transcriptome changes during the incompatible interaction process between R3a and Avr3a, in this study, after spraying DEX, the leaves of MM-R3a-Avr3a and MM-Avr3a transgenic plants at different time points were used for comparative transcriptome analysis. A total of 7,324 repeated DEGs were detected in MM-R3a-Avr3a plants at 2-h and 6-h, and 729 genes were differentially expressed a

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Lu, Rong, Xingyin Liu, Shaoping Wu та ін. "Consistent activation of the β-catenin pathway by Salmonella type-three secretion effector protein AvrA in chronically infected intestine". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 303, № 10 (2012): G1113—G1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00453.2011.

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Salmonella infection is a common public health problem that can become chronic and increase the risk of cancer. Live, mutated Salmonella is used to target cancer cells. However, few studies have addressed chronic Salmonella infection in vivo. AvrA is a Salmonella type-three secretion effector that is multifunctional, inhibiting intestinal inflammation and enhancing proliferation. β-catenin is a key player in intestinal renewal, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that in Salmonella -infected intestine, AvrA chronically activates the β-catenin pathway and increases cell proliferatio

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Farman, Mark L., Yukiko Eto, Tomomi Nakao, et al. "Analysis of the Structure of the AVR1-CO39 Avirulence Locus in Virulent Rice-Infecting Isolates of Magnaporthe grisea." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 1 (2002): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.1.6.

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The AVR1-CO39 gene that came from a Magnaporthe grisea isolate from weeping lovegrass controls avirulence on the rice cultivar CO39. AVR1-CO39 was not present in the genome of the rice-infecting M. grisea isolate Guy11 from French Guyana, suggesting that the gene had been deleted. Molecular analysis of the deletion breakpoints in the AVR1-CO39 locus revealed the presence of a truncated copy of a previously unknown retrotransposon at the left-hand border. At the right-hand border was a truncated copy of another repetitive element that is present at multiple locations in the genome of Guy11. The

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Lonn, Eija, Esa Koskela, Tapio Mappes, Mikael Mokkonen, Angela M. Sims, and Phillip C. Watts. "Balancing selection maintains polymorphisms at neurogenetic loci in field experiments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 14 (2017): 3690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621228114.

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Most variation in behavior has a genetic basis, but the processes determining the level of diversity at behavioral loci are largely unknown for natural populations. Expression of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a) and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in specific regions of the brain regulates diverse social and reproductive behaviors in mammals, including humans. That these genes have important fitness consequences and that natural populations contain extensive diversity at these loci implies the action of balancing selection. In Myodes glareolus, Avpr1a and Oxtr each contain a polymorphic micr

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Wu, Shaoping, Zhongde Ye, Xingyin Liu, et al. "Salmonella typhimurium infection increases p53 acetylation in intestinal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, no. 5 (2010): G784—G794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00526.2009.

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The ability of Salmonella typhimurium to enter intestinal epithelial cells constitutes a crucial step in pathogenesis. Salmonella invasion of the intestinal epithelium requires bacterial type three secretion system. Type three secretion system is a transport device that injects virulence proteins, called effectors, to paralyze or reprogram the eukaryotic cells. Avirulence factor for Salmonella (AvrA) is a Salmonella effector that inhibits the host's inflammatory responses. The mechanism by which AvrA modulates host cell signaling is not entirely clear. p53 is situated at the crossroads of a ne

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Tosa, Yukio, Jun Osue, Yukiko Eto, et al. "Evolution of an Avirulence Gene, AVR1-CO39, Concomitant with the Evolution and Differentiation of Magnaporthe oryzae." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 18, no. 11 (2005): 1148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-18-1148.

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The significance of AVR1-CO39, an avirulence gene of the blast fungus corresponding to Pi-CO39(t) in rice cultivars, during the evolution and differentiation of the blast fungus was evaluated by studying its function and distribution in Pyricularia spp. When the presence or absence of AVR1-CO39 was plotted on a dendrogram constructed from ribosomal DNA sequences, a perfect parallelism was observed between its distribution and the phylogeny of Pyricularia isolates. AVR1-CO39 homologs were exclusively present in one species, Pyricularia oryzae, suggesting that AVR1-CO39 appeared during the early

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Kubisiak, Thomas L., Henry V. Amerson, and C. Dana Nelson. "Genetic Interaction of the Fusiform Rust Fungus with Resistance Gene Fr1 in Loblolly Pine." Phytopathology® 95, no. 4 (2005): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-0376.

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We propose a method for defining DNA markers linked to Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme avirulence (Avr) genes. However, before this method can be successfully employed, a spore competition study was needed to determine the genetic composition of single pycnial drops and multiple drops on single galls when using the standard inoculation procedure, whether virulent (avr1) basidiospores ever predispose some resistant (Fr1/fr1) trees to infection by avirulent (Avr1) basidiospores, and whether avr1 and Avr1 basidiospores equally infect susceptible (fr1/fr1) trees. Results of this study suggest

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Guo, Liwei, Yikun Zhang, Mengqi Ma, et al. "Crystallization of the rice immune receptor RGA5A_S with the rice blast fungus effector AVR1-CO39 preparedviamixture and tandem strategies." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 74, no. 4 (2018): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x18003618.

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RGA5 is a component of the Pia resistance-protein pair (RGA4/RGA5) fromOryza sativaL.japonica. It acts as an immune receptor that directly recognizes the effector AVR1-CO39 fromMagnaporthe oryzae viaa C-terminal non-LRR domain (RGA5A_S). The interaction between RGA5A_S and AVR1-CO39 relieves the repression of RGA4, leading to effector-independent cell death. To determine the structure of the complex of RGA5A_S and AVR1-CO39 and to understand the details of this interaction, the complex was prepared by fusing the proteins together, by mixing themin vitroor by co-expressing them in one host cell

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Watts, Phillip C., Eva R. Kallio, Esa Koskela, Eija Lonn, Tapio Mappes, and Mikael Mokkonen. "Stabilizing selection on microsatellite allele length at arginine vasopressin 1a receptor and oxytocin receptor loci." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1869 (2017): 20171896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1896.

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The loci arginine vasopressin receptor 1a ( avpr1a ) and oxytocin receptor ( oxtr ) have evolutionarily conserved roles in vertebrate social and sexual behaviour. Allelic variation at a microsatellite locus in the 5′ regulatory region of these genes is associated with fitness in the bank vole Myodes glareolus . Given the low frequency of long and short alleles at these microsatellite loci in wild bank voles, we used breeding trials to determine whether selection acts against long and short alleles. Female bank voles with intermediate length avpr1a alleles had the highest probability of breedin

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Mandel, M. Alejandra, V. Wayne Crouch, Uvini P. Gunawardena, Travis M. Harper, and Marc J. Orbach. "Physical Mapping of the Magnaporthe grisea AVR1-MARA Locus Reveals the Virulent Allele Contains Two Deletions." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, no. 9 (1997): 1102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.9.1102.

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The avirulence genes that have been identified in Magna-porthe grisea exhibit varying degrees of stability in infection assays. AVR1-MARA is considered one of the stable avirulence genes. In an effort to understand this stability, we analyzed the AVR1-MARA locus by physical mapping and chromosome walking. By walking toward AVR1-MARA from restriction fragment length polymorphism markers on both sides of the locus, we isolated sequences that are inseparable from AVR1-MARA, but we were unable to clone the complete locus. In contrast, the virulent locus avr1-MARA was isolated easily. A detailed co

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Poueymiro, Marie, Sébastien Cunnac, Patrick Barberis, et al. "Two Type III Secretion System Effectors from Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Determine Host-Range Specificity on Tobacco." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 22, no. 5 (2009): 538–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-5-0538.

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The model pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 is the causal agent of the bacterial wilt disease that attacks many solanaceous plants and other hosts but not tobacco (Nicotiana spp.). We found that two type III secretion system effector genes, avrA and popP1, are limiting the host range of strain GMI1000 on at least three tobacco species (N. tabacum, N. benthamiana, and N. glutinosa). Both effectors elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) on these tobacco species, although in different manners; AvrA is the major determinant recognized by N. tabacum and N. benthamiana, while PopP1 appears to

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Robertson, Alison E., W. Patrick Wechter, Timothy P. Denny, Bruce A. Fortnum, and Daniel A. Kluepfel. "Relationship Between Avirulence Gene (avrA) Diversity in Ralstonia solanacearum and Bacterial Wilt Incidence." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 12 (2004): 1376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.12.1376.

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Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious disease of tobacco in North and South Carolina. In contrast, the disease rarely occurs on tobacco in Georgia and Florida, although bacterial wilt is a common problem on tomato. We investigated whether this difference in disease incidence could be explained by qualitative characteristics of avirulence gene avrA in the R. solanacearum population in the southeastern United States. Sequence analysis established that wild-type avrA has a 792-bp open reading frame. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of avrA from 139 R. solanac

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Fenner, Annette. "AVPR1A: a target in CRPC?" Nature Reviews Urology 16, no. 9 (2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41585-019-0218-y.

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Astolfi-Ferreira, Claudete S., Marcelo R. S. Pequini, Luis F. N. Nuñez, et al. "A comparative survey between non-systemic Salmonella spp. (paratyphoid group) and systemic Salmonella Pullorum and S. Gallinarum with a focus on virulence genes." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 10 (2017): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000004.

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ABSTRACT: A comparative survey between non-systemic (paratyphoid Salmonellae) and systemic (S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum) Salmonella strains was performed to produce a virulence gene profile for differentiation among the groups. The following virulence genes were evaluated: invA, spvC, sefC, pefA, fimY, sopB, sopE1, stn and avrA. There are substantial differences among paratyphoid Salmonellae, S. Pullorum, and S. Gallinarum regarding the genes sefC, spvC, sopE1 and avrA. A higher frequency of sefC, spvC, sopE1 and avrA genes were detected in S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum when compared with st

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Zheng, Yan, Wenhui Zheng, Fucheng Lin, et al. "AVR1-CO39 Is a Predominant Locus Governing the Broad Avirulence of Magnaporthe oryzae 2539 on Cultivated Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 1 (2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-09-0240.

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Magnaporthe oryzae 2539 was previously found to be avirulent to most rice cultivars and, therefore, was assumed to carry many avirulence (AVR) genes. However, only one AVR gene, AVR1-CO39, which corresponds to a resistance (R) gene Pi-CO39(t) in rice cv. CO39, has been found from 2539 thus far. In order to identify more AVR genes, we isolated 228 progeny strains from a cross between 2539 and Guy11, an M. oryzae strain with strong virulence on rice, and inoculated these strains onto 23 rice accessions (22 individual cultivars and a mixture of 14 cultivars) that are all resistant to 2539 but sus

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Mak, Plato, Christina Broussard, Kristina Vacy, and Jillian H. Broadbear. "Modulation of anxiety behavior in the elevated plus maze using peptidic oxytocin and vasopressin receptor ligands in the rat." Journal of Psychopharmacology 26, no. 4 (2011): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881111416687.

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Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in their capacities as neuromodulators, are believed to play an important role in mood control, including regulation of the anxiety response. In the present study, the contributions of oxytocin and vasopressin receptor modulation to anxiety-like behaviors were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The behavioral effects of the OT receptor agonist, carbetocin (intracerebroventricular, intravenous and intraperitoneal routes), the AVP receptor agonist desmopressin (intravenous route), and the OT/AVP1A receptor antagonist atosiban (intravenous route) w

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Rosso, Lia, Laurent Keller, Henrik Kaessmann, and Robert L. Hammond. "Mating system and avpr1a promoter variation in primates." Biology Letters 4, no. 4 (2008): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0122.

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It has been suggested that primate mating and social behaviours may be influenced by variation in promoter region repetitive DNA of the vasopressin receptor 1a gene ( avpr1a ). We show that male mating behaviour does not covary in a simple way with promoter repetitive DNA in 12 Old World primates. We found that one microsatellite (−553 bp upstream) was present in all species, irrespective of their behaviour. By contrast, two microsatellites (−3956 and −3625 bp upstream) were present only in some species, yet this variation did not correlate with behaviour. These findings agree with a recent co

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Hann, Chris. "After the Euro, the Avra." Soundings 56, no. 56 (2014): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/136266214811788763.

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Albee, Lauren J., Xianlong Gao, and Matthias Majetschak. "Plasticity of seven-transmembrane-helix receptor heteromers in human vascular smooth muscle cells." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253821.

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Recently, we reported that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) heteromerize with α1A/B/D-adrenoceptors (ARs) and arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A) in recombinant systems and in rodent and human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). In these studies, we observed that heteromerization between two receptor partners may depend on the presence and the expression levels of other partnering receptors. To test this hypothesis and to gain initial insight into the formation of these receptor heteromers in native cells, we utilized proximity l

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Avinun, Reut, Richard P. Ebstein, and Ariel Knafo. "Human maternal behaviour is associated with arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene." Biology Letters 8, no. 5 (2012): 894–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0492.

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Parenting is one of the main influences on children's early development, and yet its underlying genetic mechanisms have only recently begun to be explored, with many studies neglecting to control for possible child effects. This study focuses on maternal behaviour and on an allele at the RS3 promoter region of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A ( AVPR1A ) gene, previously associated with autism and with higher amygdala activation in a face-matching task. Mothers were observed during a free-play session with each of their 3.5-year-old twins. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that mother

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Ukkola, Liisa T., Päivi Onkamo, Pirre Raijas, Kai Karma, and Irma Järvelä. "Musical Aptitude Is Associated with AVPR1A-Haplotypes." PLoS ONE 4, no. 5 (2009): e5534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005534.

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Trefilov, Andrea, Peter J. P. Croucher, Michael Krawczak, and Jörg Schmidtke. "Genetic Influence on Reproductive Behavior in Female Rhesus Macaques." Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 6 (2005): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.551.

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AbstractCommentary on Cherkas et al. (2004). Genetic Influences on Female Infidelity and Number of Sexual Partners in Humans: A Linkage and Association Study on the Role of the Vasopressin Receptor Gene (AVPR1A). Twin Research, 7, 649–658.

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Kim, Julie, and Thomas L. Pannabecker. "Two-compartment model of inner medullary vasculature supports dual modes of vasopressin-regulated inner medullary blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, no. 1 (2010): F273—F279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2010.

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The outer zone of the renal inner medulla (IM) is spatially partitioned into two distinct interstitial compartments in the transverse dimension. In one compartment (the intercluster region), collecting ducts (CDs) are absent and vascular bundles are present. Ascending vasa recta (AVR) that lie within and ascend through the intercluster region (intercluster AVR are designated AVR2) participate with descending vasa recta (DVR) in classic countercurrent exchange. Direct evidence from former studies suggests that vasopressin binds to V1 receptors on smooth muscle-like pericytes that regulate vesse

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Roach, Keesha, Brenda Dyal, Srikar Chamala, et al. "AVPR1A and Stress in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease–Related Chronic Pain." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2843.

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Abstract Purpose: Emotional stress is a known pain trigger in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene (AVPR1A), SNP rs10877969, is associated with acute pain and stress-related pain. Our study investigated the association between AVPR1A genotype with stress and age in adults with SCD pain. Methods: 169 participants with SCD and chronic pain (100% African descent; mean age 36.4 ± 11.6 years [range =18-74 years]) completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. The SNP was evaluated as the imputed score was R2&gt;0.8. ANOVA compared stress by genotype

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