To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Award recognition.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Award recognition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Award recognition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nikiforova, Irina. "Turing award scientists: contribution and recognition in computer science." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44756.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most significant rewards in science is peer recognition, often bestowed in the form of awards. However, little is known about what sets apart award-winning contributions, how award committees determine prize-worthy contributions, and why some scientists are more likely to be recognized than others, particularly in the field of computer science. Using a mixed method approach that includes qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study investigates the characteristics of award-winning contributions, and the education and career factors associated with recipients of the Turing Award, a Nobel equivalent award in computer science, and compares them to those of a matched group of non-winning scientists. In regard to award-winning contributions, the study finds that the Turing Committee was just as likely to recognize contributions related to practice ("applied research") as to theory ("basic research"). In regard to education and career factors, the study reveals that neither scientific productivity nor the quality of contributions differentiated winning from non-winning scientists and their contributions. However, early advantages, visibility to the awarding association, prior eminence, and affiliation with a top computer science department distinguished award winners. These findings suggest that excellence in computer science is a quality that has not been defined, explained, or communicated by the award committee to the computing community or to the public. The findings call attention to the limitations of peer reviews and the importance of improving the design of nomination, evaluation, and selection procedures as well as citations accompanying the Turing Award and other computer science awards.
2
Tarawneh, Musleh Ahmad Musa. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration agreements under the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59754.
Full text
3
Alenezi, Abdullah. "An analytical study of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the GCC states." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2943.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards under the relevant regimes in the GCC states, both local law and international conventions. The easy enforceability of arbitral awards is considered one of the main factors in the success of international commercial arbitration. Thus this thesis not only attempts a comprehensive analysis of the requirements of and procedures for recognition and enforcement of foreign awards in the GCC States, but also evaluates whether the GCC’s laws and practices comply with best international practice standards, especially as embodied in the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. The thesis comprises of seven chapters. The first chapter examines the legal framework of the GCC States, and provides a brief history of the rules governing arbitration and the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Chapter two looks at general principles regarding recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Chapter three covers jurisdictional elements in the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in the GCC States. Chapter four examines the procedural steps demanded by each state for the enforcement of an award, looking particularly at the impact of relevant international conventions on these issues. Chapter five deals with the evidence which must be tendered and the conditions that must be satisfied in order to obtain the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the GCC States. Chapter six examines the grounds on which a respondent may apply to dismiss an application for recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award. Chapter seven then deals with the grounds on which a foreign arbitral award must be refused enforcement. The concluding chapter summarises the problems thrown up by the study, and suggests a common way forward for the legal systems of the states of the Arabian Gulf in dealing with these issues.
4
Anyichie, Chika Stella. "Recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award : a comparative analysis of England and Wales, Nigeria and United States of America." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=197759.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis advocates for recognition and enforcement of arbitral award, considering the requirements of and procedures for the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award. International arbitration is the preferred mechanism for resolving oil and gas disputes due to its counted advantages over litigation. Most times, the party’s concern is on how the outcome of the arbitration proceeding is to be secured and the procedure to take. This thesis analyzes the legal frameworks for the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in England and Wales, Nigeria and United States, laying emphasis on the approach to the implementation, similarities and dissimilarities that exist. In addition, it considers whether the procedure for enforcement reflects the objectives of achieving the effect of an award or if the procedure draws a balance with parties’ choice and restriction of parties’choice. That is to say, there are examples where the procedure for recognition and enforcement is binding without further consideration on the interest of the awardholder or the award-loser (this is analyzed on the aspect of Multi-door courthouse (MDC) system). Within this area of research, relevant international conventions on the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award are considered, bearing in mind the central aim of this research: legal effect of an award and impact of the conventions in the England and Wales, Nigeria and United States legal systems. The Conventions discussed have guiding principles for recognition and enforcement of award and the countries used as case study have ratified these Convention. However, the thesis evaluates more closely on whether the national laws comply with best international practice standard especially as embodied in New York Convention 1958 (NYC). The NYC is praised as “utmost enactment”, and has been incorporated in the England, Nigeria and United States legal systems. The aim of NYC is the harmonization of the recognition and enforcement procedure among Contracting States, through stipulating for the procedure and grounds for refusal of enforcement of award under its articles III, IV and V. It is appropriate to examine the national courts reactions to these grounds and impact of the NYC standard grounds for refusal of arbitral award to the oil and gas disputes. This research considers whether the national laws used as case study comply with the NYC procedural standard. The thesis finds that the national laws are generally consistent with the NYC. Furthermore, the interpretation given by these legal systems are narrowly or broadly construed, which means consistency is at different levels. The thesis concludes that the effective and appropriate implementation of the recognition and enforcement of award by the judicial system and arbitrators will determine the extent of the law’s efficiency and achievement of the legal effect of an award. In addition, the Courts, parties and arbitrators are enjoined to pay utmost regard to the overriding concept of the law of the recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award.
5
Shepard, Samuel Joseph. "The impact of recognition on talent award winners: a follow-up study of Davidson Fellows Scholarship winners." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/883.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the impact of recognition on a group of talent award winners, including attributions for success and the consequences of these attributions for continued engagement in the talent field. Participants were winners of the Davidson Fellows Scholarship, which recognizes students under the age of 18 who have completed a significant piece of original work in the fields of science, technology, mathematics, music, literature, or philosophy. The study used survey data collected from Davidson Fellows who received an award between 2001-2007. Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of participants (70.5%) were still clearly engaged in the field in which they received the award. Participants in the fields of science, math, and technology showed more evidence of continued engagement than participants in the fields of music, literature, or philosophy. Females were found to have higher rates of continued engagement than males.
The constant comparative method was used to qualitatively examine participants' responses to open-ended questions regarding the perceived impact of the award on their personal, academic, artistic, and professional lives. The qualitative analysis revealed 12 distinct categories of impact: Financial Support, Opened Doors, Personal Satisfaction, Validation, Recognition by Others, Reinforcement/Encouragement, Increased Confidence, Increased Pressure/Responsibility, Meaningful Connections, Process Gains, Miscellaneous, and Little to No Impact. These categories indicated receiving a Davidson Fellows Scholarship had a positive impact on participants across a variety of life domains.
Attributions of success related to winning the award were measured with regard to the extent to which participants endorsed stable, internal attributions (i.e., aptitude) and unstable, external attributions (i.e., resources). Overall, male and female participants did not differ significantly in their endorsement of aptitude-based or resource-based attributions of success. However, among participants in the fields of science, math, and technology, males had significantly stronger endorsement aptitude-based attributions, while females had significantly stronger resource-based attributions. Despite these differences, these attributional patterns did not predict continued engagement in these fields. However, among participants in the fields of music, literature, and philosophy, aptitude- and resource-based attributions predicted 22% of the variance in continued engagement. In the overall sample, attributions of success did not predict continued engagement. Finally, no significant group differences were found with regard to attributions of success across all talent domains.
6
Mamani, Sanabria Israel. "Blockchain: An alternative approach for recognition and enforcement of Investment Treaty Arbitration awards." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443526.
Full textAbstract:
An issue in investment treaty arbitration is the extreme effort needed to obtain recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award. Even though the 1958 New York Convention was signed to simplify the process of recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award, in the new digital world, the recognition and enforceability risks of authenticating an investment treaty arbitral award need to be reconsidered. Ultimately, it is the enforceability of the award that gives credence to the entire arbitration process and justifies the costs and time that the parties of a dispute have invested in the resolution process. Thus, upcoming technologies like blockchain could be a part of the future in Investment Treaty Arbitration (ITA) to provide more efficiency and benefits for the rendering an arbitral award. With blockchain, ITA awards could be rooted in digital code, stored in a transparent platform, and protected from removal, tampering, and modification, resolving the necessity to prove the existence of a duly rendered award, previnting additional costs and procedures. The thesis discusses how blockchain could solve recognition and enforcement issues in an investor-state dispute resolution (ISDS) scenario. It introduces legal aspects of the possible application of blockchain technology in investment treaty disputes. It has the purpose to study the possible benefits that blockchain could bring to Investment Treaty Arbitration with particular attention to the recognition and enforcement of investment treaty arbitration awards. The peculiarity of blockchain technology is that it might represent an opportunity to restructure the investments protection paradigm by implementing a trustworthy, transparent, more affordable, highly standardized, time-stamped and automated recognition and enforcement of ITA arbitral awards. Finally, blockchain might not be the solution to all the problems of ISDS. However, it offers a foundation that can bring a new entire value chain by guaranteeing immediate recognition and enforceability of arbitral awards and getting rid of the deficiencies that the actual system has. This would give more legal certainty to the parties of the ITA in the recognition and enforcement of award on investor-state disputes.
7
Sampaio, Carlos Alberto Vilela. "Reconhecimento da sentença e do laudo arbitral estrangeiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-02102012-163043/.
Full textAbstract:
Diferentemente do que ocorre na área pública, na qual tanto a Corte Internacional de Justiça (CIJ) quanto a Dispute Solution Board (DSB) da OMC estão aptas a solucionar os conflitos internacionais públicos, na área jurídica privada não é viável, no mundo contemporâneo, imaginar a existência de um modelo supranacional e global para a solução de litígios privados internacionais que se guiasse por normas processuais próprias e aplicasse normas materiais unificadas internacionalmente. Assim, cada país estabelece seu poder jurisdicional dentro de seu próprio território e nos limites postos pelo direito internacional, de modo que, atualmente, exceto nos casos em que se convencionar a solução do conflito pela via da arbitragem, será sempre um tribunal nacional que decidirá o litígio de caráter internacional. Haverá, evidentemente, casos em que as decisões proferidas em tribunais nacionais não apresentarão aptidão para garantir a efetivação dos interesses tutelados, fazendo-se necessário que parte ou a totalidade dos efeitos práticos da sentença sejam produzidos em outros sistemas jurídicos, ocasião em que, salvo convenções e tratados internacionais, haverá a necessidade de seu reconhecimento, por meio do processo de homologação, para que possa ser executada. Busca este trabalho demonstrar que nem todos os efeitos da sentença dependem do procedimento de homologação para que se manifestem. Por outro lado, a Lei de Arbitragem, ao equiparar em efeitos laudos arbitrais a sentenças estatais, consequentemente impõe ao laudo arbitral estrangeiro o seu reconhecimento por meio do processo de homologação pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, para que, só então, possa ser executado. Tal medida legislativa parece desconsiderar a distinção entre sentença judicial e laudo arbitral, este de natureza privada, que não decorre da prestação jurisdicional de um Estado, mas sim proferido por pessoas despidas de qualquer autoridade pública, cujo poder jurisdicional provém de convenção privada das partes. Em resposta a essa situação, propõe-se este trabalho demonstrar a diferença entre laudo e sentença, no intuito de eliminar a exigência legal da homologação dos laudos arbitrais estrangeiros pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, sem contudo retirar-lhes os efeitos, o que se daria pela limitação das matérias de defesa no processo de execução de títulos executivos extrajudiciais<br>Differently of what it happens in the public area, in the which both the International Court of Justice (CIJ) and the Dispute Solution Board (DSB) of OMC are capable to solve the public international conflicts, in the private juridical area it is not viable, in the contemporary world, to imagine the existence of a supranational and global model for the solution of private international litigations guided by own procedural norms and applied material norms internationally unified. Thus, each country establishes its jurisdictional power inside its own territory and into the limits put by the international law, so that, now, except in the cases that the solution of the conflict is stipulated by the means of arbitration, it will always be a national court that will decide the international litigations. There will be, evidently, cases in which the pronounced decisions by national courts wil not present aptitude to guarantee the efectiveness of the tutored interests, being necessary that part or the totality of the practical effects of the sentence are produced in other juridical systems, occasion in that, except for conventions and international agreements, there will be the need of its recognition, through the approval process, so that it can be executed. This work aims to demonstrate that not all the effects of the sentence depend on the approval procedure to be shown. On the other hand, the Law of Arbitration, when matching in effects arbitral awards to public sentences, consequently imposes to the foreign arbitral award its recognition by the means of the approval process by the Superior Tribunal of Justice, so that, only then, it can be executed. Such a legislative measure seems to disrespect the distinction between judicial sentence and arbitral award, this of private nature, that doesnt elapse from the jurisditional rendering of a State, but is pronounced by people without any public authority, whose jurisdictional power comes from the private convention of the parts. In response to that situation, this work intends to demonstrate the difference between arbitral award and sentence, in the intention to eliminate the legal demand of the approval of the foreign arbitral awards by the Superior Tribunal of Justice, without however removing their effects, what would de done by the limitation of the defense matters in the process of execution of extrajudicial executive titles.
8
Darwish, Hassan. "Critical study on the concept of international arbitration in the UAE : identifying problems affecting the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18812/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis intends to critically explore the legal obstacles currently undermining the recognition and enforcement process of foreign and international arbitral awards in the UAE arising out of the lack of the concept of international arbitration. it also tackles the practical implications caused by the lack of separate arbitration legislation and various legal aspects.
9
Núñez, del Prado Chaves Fabio. "The recourse of annulment of the arbitral award and the right to tantrum." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123874.
Full textAbstract:
Is it advisable for a State to eliminate the annulment action of its Law of Arbitration? Can the parties, by virtue of their party autonomy, waive the annulment action?.In the present article, the author demonstrates that the annulment action has a psychological and a legal-political basis, since, on the one hand, it satisfies the psychological need to challenge or contradict, which is inherent of human beings and; on the other, within the framework of Constitutional State it constitutes a democratic tool that guarantees the control of power.<br>¿Es aconsejable que un Estado elimine el recurso de anulación de su Ley de Arbitraje? ¿Pueden las partes en virtud de su autonomía privada renunciar al recurso de anulación?.En el presente artículo, el autor demuestra que el recurso de anulación tiene un sustento psicológico y un sustento jurídico-político, puesto que satisface, por un lado, la necesidad psicológica de impugnar o contradecir, la cual es inherente el ser humano y; por el otro, en el marco de un Estado Constitucional constituye una herramienta democrática que garantiza el control de poder.
10
Vilimaitė, Eglė. "Užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimas Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_125459-25127.
Full textAbstract:
Užsienyje priimtam arbitražo sprendimui pripažinimas Lietuvos Respublikoje yra būtina sąlyga tam, kad būtų galima priversti pralaimėjusiąją šalį jį įvykdyti tuo atveju, jeigu kitoje valstybėje priimtas sprendimas yra nevykdomas, o turtas, iš kurio gali būti išieškoma, yra Lietuvos Respublikoje.
Pirmoje magistro baigiamojo darbo dalyje siekiama atskleisti arbitražo sprendimo ir užsienio arbitražo sprendimo sąvokas. Nustačius šias sąvokas, toliau analizuojama užsienio arbitražo sprendimo pripažinimo samprata, trumpai aptariamas jos atskyrimas nuo užsienio arbitražo sprendimo vykdymo sąvokos. Galiausiai aptariama specifinė teisės doktrinos diskusija, ar Niujorko konvencija gali būti taikoma tik galutiniams užsienio arbitražo sprendimams, ar ir negalutinių sprendimų rūšims, visų pirma, tarpiniams (procesiniams) sprendimams dėl laikinųjų apsaugos priemonių taikymo.
Antroje darbo dalyje pirmiausia aptariami užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimą reglamentuojantys teisės šaltiniai ir jų teisinė galia Lietuvos Respublikoje, be abejonės, ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas 1958 metų Niujorko konvencijai dėl užsienio arbitražų sprendimų pripažinimo ir vykdymo. Vėliau analizuojama šiuo metu esanti užsienio arbitražų sprendimų pripažinimo procedūra Lietuvos Respublikos teismuose bei galimi tvarkos pasikeitimai, jeigu Lietuvos Respublikos Seime būtų priimtas Civilinio proceso kodekso pakeitimo ir papildymo įstatymo projektas.
Paskutinėje dalyje aptariamos 2007 – 2010 metų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The recognition of the foreign arbitral awards in the Republic of Lithuania is the main requirement for the enforcement of the foreign arbitral award in case the respondent fails to execute the award of the arbitral tribunal in goodwill.
Firstly, the author seeks to disclose the concepts of the arbitral award and foreign arbitral award. In accordance with the before mentioned terms, the notion of the recognition foreign arbitration award is analized and distinguished from the concept of the enforcement of the foreign arbitral awards. Finally, the discussion of whether the New York Convention may be applied only to the final foreign arbitral awards is revealed.
In the second part of the mater thesis the law governing the recognition of foreign arbitral awards is analized. Special attention is given to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Later analysis reflects the proceedings of the recognition of foreign arbitral awards before the courts of the Republic of Lithuania as well as possible changes, if the Lithuanian Parliament adoptes the amendments of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania.
The final section deals with the recent case law of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania and the Supreme Court of Lithuania on matters of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards.
At the end of the theses the final conclusions indicate significant problems of the recognition of the... [to full text]
11
Ferreira, Maurício dos Santos. "Espetacularização da carreira docente : prêmio professores do Brasil como prática da economia da educação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131876.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre reconhecimento social docente, cujo objetivo é analisar e colocar sob suspeita o Prêmio Professores do Brasil, organizado pelo Ministério da Educação e seus parceiros. Ao corroborar o pacto contemporâneo entre educação e mercado, esse concurso desvia o foco das experiências de reconhecimento social da visibilidade da profissão para a espetacularização da carreira. Para defender essa proposição elaboro um percurso investigativo centrado na 7ª e 8ª edições do Prêmio, realizadas, respectivamente, em 2013 e 2014. Ferramentas analíticas como governamentalidade e práticas de si, desenvolvidas por Michel Foucault, e sujeição social e servidão maquínica, tal como Maurizio Lazzarato as emprega inspirado em Deleuze e Guattari, possibilitaram-me perceber que o Prêmio, pensado e organizado no interior da economia da educação, opera por meio da tríade experiência pedagógica-premiação-espetacularização a fim de engendrar um modo de ser professor que denomino de subjetividade docente superlativa. A elaboração desse constructo subjetivo tende a produzir certos efeitos de verdade sobre a docência: a necessidade de estabelecer parcerias como negócios; atribuir tessituras competitivas às ações docentes como importante recurso pedagógico; incitar os professores a desafiarem-se, permanentemente, para ir além do que se é; visibilizar, intensamente, as atividades realizadas. Esses são alguns imperativos de verdade que deslocam as concepções, historicamente cristalizadas, de status, prestígio, honra e dignidade do magistério para uma dimensão empreendedora acerca da tarefa dos professores. De forma ambivalente, tais investimentos na carreira possibilitam novas experiências pedagógicas ao passo que restringem o fazer docente aos princípios do mercado econômico em que a espetacularização tem sido uma das principais estratégias de condução das condutas da população.<br>This thesis presents a study about the docent social recognition, in which the aim is to analyze and to place under suspicion the Teachers of Brazil Award, organized by the Ministry of Education and its partners. In order to corroborate the contemporary pact between education and market, this competition turn aside the focus from experiences of social recognition of the profession visibility to the career as spectacle. In defending this proposition it was elaborated an investigative trajectory centered on 7th and 8th editions of the Award, held respectively in 2013 and 2014. Analytical tools as governmentality and practices of the self, developed by Michel Foucault, and social subjection and machinic enslavement, as Maurizio Lazzarato employs inspired by Deleuze and Guattari, allowed me to realize that the Award, planned and organized within the economics of education, operates through the triad teaching experience- award- spectacularization to produce a way of being teacher that I denominate superlative docent subjectivity. The elaboration of this subjective construct tends to produce some effects of true on the teaching practice: the need to establish partnerships as business; assign competitive tessitura in the teaching actions as an important pedagogical resource; encourage teachers to be challenged permanently, to go beyond of what it is; made visible, intensely, the carried out activities. These are some imperatives of true that shift the conceptions, historically crystallized, of status, prestige, honor and dignity of the teaching profession to an entrepreneurial dimension about the teacher task. In an ambivalent way, these investments in the career enable new pedagogical experiences while restrict the teaching practice into the principles of market economy in which the spectacularization has been one of the major strategy for the driving of population conduct.
12
Marčiulaitytė, Aida. "Užsienio arbitražų sprendimų pripažinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080125_095832-95983.
Full textAbstract:
Tarptautinio arbitražo atveju susiduriama su arbitražo sprendimo pripažinimo procedūra ne jo priėmimo valstybėje. Svarbiausias tarptautinis instrumentas, reglamentuojantis užsienio arbitražų sprendimų pripažinimo tvarką, yra 1958 m. Niujorko konvencija dėl užsienio arbitražų sprendimų pripažinimo ir vykdymo.
Pagal 1958 m. Niujorko konvenciją funkcija pripažinti užsienio arbitražų sprendimus valstybėse paprastai priskiriama konkrečiam nacionaliniam teismui arba teismams. Pripažinimo klausimas sprendžiamas vadovaujantis Niujorko konvencijos V straipsnyje įtvirtintais atsisakymo pripažinti užsienio arbitražo sprendimą pagrindais.
Siekiant efektyvaus ir vieningo pripažinimo mechanizmo veikimo, stengiamasi vienodinti nacionalines teisės normas Susitariančiose šalyse. Prie šio siekio svarbia dalimi prisidėjo 1985 metais Jungtinių Tautų Tarptautinės prekybos teisės komisijos (UNCITRAL) priimtas Tarptautinio komercinio arbitražo pavyzdinis įstatymas, kurio paskirtis – būti orientyru valstybėms priimant nacionalinius aktus šiuo klausimu. Jame, be kita ko, integruotos ir nuostatos dėl užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimo, parengtos vadovaujantis Niujorko konvencija.
Ne mažiau svarbus ir vieningos teismų praktikos pripažįstant užsienio arbitražų sprendimus veiksnys. Tai kaip teismai taiko ir aiškina Niujorko konvenciją padeda įvertinti jos nuostatų efektyvumą, nustatyti ar tinkamai parengta nacionalinė teisinė bazė, reglamentuojanti užsienio arbitražų sprendimų pripažinimą. Šiuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>In a case of foreign arbitration it is inevitable to face the procedure of recognition of foreign arbitral award in a country where it was not enacted. 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards is the fundamental international instrument, which establishes the order of recognition of foreign arbitral awards.
Pursuant to the 1958 New York Convention, the function to recognise foreign arbitral awards is attached to certain national court or courts. The question of recognition is solved following grounds on refusal to recognise foreign arbitral awards, which are set in the Article V of New York Convention.
Due to the effective and united function of the recognition mechanism, it is endeavoured to uniform national law rules in the Contracting States. Contribution to this objective was added by 1985 UNCITRAL Model Law on Commercial Arbitration, adopted by United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The mission of this Law is to be a guide for the states in establishing their national laws on the subject. The Model law, among other regulations, integrates the provisions on recognition of foreign arbitral awards, which are laid in accordance with New York Convention.
Unanimous practice of courts also is a factor of significant importance. The way national courts apply and interpret New York Convention helps to evaluate the efficiency of its provisions, identify whether the national legal base regulating recognition of foreign... [to full text]
13
Chungfat, Neil C. (Neil Caye) 1979. "Context-aware activity recognition using TAN classifiers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87220.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77).<br>by Neil C. Chungfat.<br>M.Eng.
14
Mukherjee, Niloy 1978. "Spontaneous speech recognition using visual context-aware language models." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62380.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88).<br>The thesis presents a novel situationally-aware multimodal spoken language system called Fuse that performs speech understanding for visual object selection. An experimental task was created in which people were asked to refer, using speech alone, to objects arranged on a table top. During training, Fuse acquires a grammar and vocabulary from a "show-and-tell" procedure in which visual scenes are paired with verbal descriptions of individual objects. Fuse determines a set of visually salient words and phrases and associates them to a set of visual features. Given a new scene, Fuse uses the acquired knowledge to generate class-based language models conditioned on the objects present in the scene as well as a spatial language model that predicts the occurrences of spatial terms conditioned on target and landmark objects. The speech recognizer in Fuse uses a weighted mixture of these language models to search for more likely interpretations of user speech in context of the current scene. During decoding, the weights are updated using a visual attention model which redistributes attention over objects based on partially decoded utterances. The dynamic situationally-aware language models enable Fuse to jointly infer spoken language utterances underlying speech signals as well as the identities of target objects they refer to. In an evaluation of the system, visual situationally-aware language modeling shows significant , more than 30 %, decrease in speech recognition and understanding error rates. The underlying ideas of situation-aware speech understanding that have been developed in Fuse may may be applied in numerous areas including assistive and mobile human-machine interfaces.<br>by Niloy Mukherjee.<br>S.M.
15
Badah, Saad A. H. J. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Kuwait." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14608.
Full textAbstract:
International commercial arbitration is undertaken for the purpose and in the confidence that an award emanating therefrom is binding, recognizable and enforceable between the parties. Recognition and enforcement give rise to legal issues because while awards may be obtained by private parties or companies, recognition and enforcement depend on the state through its judicial arm, the courts. There might be conflicts between the successful parties’ aspirations and those of the state or the court that must recognize and enforce an award. The procedure is therefore key. This thesis seeks to analyse the rules relevant to the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Kuwait and also to evaluate the effectiveness of Kuwait’s recognition and enforcement framework, especially against the backdrop of article V (1) and (2) of the New York Convention. Kuwait derives its laws mainly from Islamic law, Islamic jurisprudence, local customs, international conventions and international law. Kuwaiti’s statutory laws largely meet international standards but with some reservations. In particular, the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards is largely subjected to Islamic law and principles as arbitral awards must usually be registered in Kuwaiti courts and be validated by judges, who are constitutionally bound to adhere to the supremacy of Islamic law and values. Nevertheless, this study establishes that Kuwaiti laws and practices on recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards for the most part have applied the rules and standards stipulated in the New York Convention, albeit restrictively. However, deviations exist between the Arabic text of the New York Convention and the actual text of the Convention. These deviations do not necessarily hamper the effective recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, but in some respects they render a narrower and more restrictive interpretation and application of the Convention in Kuwait.
16
Cirillo, Marcello. "Planning in Inhabited Environments : Human-Aware Task Planning and Activity Recognition." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12466.
Full textAbstract:
Promised some decades ago by researchers in artificial intelligence and robotics as an imminent breakthrough in our everyday lives, a robotic assistant that could work with us in our home and our workplace is a dream still far from being fulfilled. The work presented in this thesis aims at bringing this future vision a little closer to realization. Here, we start from the assumption that an efficient robotic helper should not impose constraints on users' activities, but rather perform its tasks unobtrusively to fulfill its goals and to facilitate people in achieving their objectives. Also, the helper should be able to consider the outcome of possible future actions by the human users, to assess how those would affect the environment with respect to the agent's objectives, and to predict when its support will be needed. In this thesis we address two highly interconnected problems that are essential for the cohabitation of people and service robots: robot task planning and human activity recognition. First, we present human-aware planning, that is, our approach to robot high-level symbolic reasoning for plan generation. Human-aware planning can be applied in situations where there is a controllable agent, the robot, whose actions we can plan, and one or more uncontrollable agents, the human users, whose future actions we can only try to predict. In our approach, therefore, the knowledge of the users' current and future activities is an important prerequisite. We define human-aware as a new type of planning problem, we formalize the extensions needed by a classical planner to solve such a problem, and we present the implementation of a planner that satisfies all identified requirements. In this thesis we explore also a second issue, which is a prerequisite to the first one: human activity monitoring in intelligent environments. We adopt a knowledge driven approach to activity recognition, whereby a constraint-based domain description is used to correlate sensor readings to human activities. We validate our solutions to both human-aware planning and activity recognition both theoretically and experimentally, describing a number of explanatory examples and test runs in a real environment.
17
Klingelschmitt, Stefan [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Adamy, and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Sendhoff. "Probabilistic, Variable and Interaction-aware Situation Recognition / Stefan Klingelschmitt ; Jürgen Adamy, Bernhard Sendhoff." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168798663/34.
Full text
18
Mkata, Elias Francis. "The recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards: a need for reform of Tanzanian legislation." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12902.
Full text
19
Tam, Pérez José, and Zúñiga Claudia Martinez. "Notes on arbitration in China and recognition of aw." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123026.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is about the arbitration in China ant he recognition of the foreign arbitral awards in China and Peru. The author indicates how the arbitration and the dispute settlement were in China, also he says that the Chinese commercial opening produced that China adopted inside its legal system the commercial arbitration. Above this line, he says that the main instrument regarding the recognition and enforcement of the foreign arbitral awards in China and Peru is the New York Convention. About the proceeding of this recognition and enforcement of the foreign arbitral awards it is said how it is performed in the Chinese and Peruvian Law. The author ads that China and Peru should have a mutual awareness proceeding of the dispute settlement to ensure the mutual investments.<br>El presente trabajo versa sobre el arbitraje en China y el reconocimiento de los laudos arbitrales extranjeros en China y Perú. El autor indica cómo era el arbitraje y la solución de controversias en China, también señala que la apertura comercial china generó que acoja dentro de su ordenamiento jurídico al arbitraje comercial. Sobre esa línea, señala que el principal instrumento sobre el reconocimiento y ejecución de los laudos extranjeros en China y Perú es la Convención de Nueva York. Sobre el procedimiento del reconocimiento y ejecución de los laudos extranjeros se dice cómo se realiza en el derecho chino y en el peruano. El autor añade que China y Perú deberían tener un proceso de conocimiento mutuo de solución de controversias para asegurar las inversiones mutuas.
20
Yurur, Ozgur. "Energy Efficient Context-Aware Framework in Mobile Sensing." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4797.
Full textAbstract:
The ever-increasing technological advances in embedded systems engineering, together with the proliferation of small-size sensor design and deployment, have enabled mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) to recognize daily occurring human based actions, activities and interactions. Therefore, inferring a vast variety of mobile device user based activities from a very diverse context obtained by a series of sensory observations has drawn much interest in the research area of ubiquitous sensing. The existence and awareness of the context provides the capability of being conscious of physical environments or situations around mobile device users, and this allows network services to respond proactively and intelligently based on such awareness. Hence, with the evolution of smartphones, software developers are empowered to create context aware applications for recognizing human-centric or community based innovative social and cognitive activities in any situation and from anywhere. This leads to the exciting vision of forming a society of ``Internet of Things" which facilitates applications to encourage users to collect, analyze and share local sensory knowledge in the purpose for a large scale community use by creating a smart network which is capable of making autonomous logical decisions to actuate environmental objects. More significantly, it is believed that introducing the intelligence and situational awareness into recognition process of human-centric event patterns could give a better understanding of human behaviors, and it also could give a chance for proactively assisting individuals in order to enhance the quality of lives.
Mobile devices supporting emerging computationally pervasive applications will constitute a significant part of future mobile technologies by providing highly proactive services requiring continuous monitoring of user related contexts. However, the middleware services provided in mobile devices have limited resources in terms of power, memory and bandwidth as compared to the capabilities of PCs and servers. Above all, power concerns are major restrictions standing up to implementation of context-aware applications. These requirements unfortunately shorten device battery lifetimes due to high energy consumption caused by both sensor and processor operations. Specifically, continuously capturing user context through sensors imposes heavy workloads in hardware and computations, and hence drains the battery power rapidly. Therefore, mobile device batteries do not last a long time while operating sensor(s) constantly.
In addition to that, the growing deployment of sensor technologies in mobile devices and innumerable software applications utilizing sensors have led to the creation of a layered system architecture (i.e., context aware middleware) so that the desired architecture can not only offer a wide range of user-specific services, but also respond effectively towards diversity in sensor utilization, large sensory data acquisitions, ever-increasing application requirements, pervasive context processing software libraries, mobile device based constraints and so on. Due to the ubiquity of these computing devices in a dynamic environment where the sensor network topologies actively change, it yields applications to behave opportunistically and adaptively without a priori assumptions in response to the availability of diverse resources in the physical world as well as in response to scalability, modularity, extensibility and interoperability among heterogeneous physical hardware.
In this sense, this dissertation aims at proposing novel solutions to enhance the existing tradeoffs in mobile sensing between accuracy and power consumption while context is being inferred under the intrinsic constraints of mobile devices and around the emerging concepts in context-aware middleware framework.
21
Lara, Yejas Oscar David. "On the Automatic Recognition of Human Activities using Heterogeneous Wearable Sensors." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4120.
Full textAbstract:
Delivering accurate and opportune information on people's activities and behaviors has become one of the most important tasks within pervasive computing. Its wide spectrum of potential applications in medical, entertainment, and tactical scenarios, motivates further
research and development of new strategies to improve accuracy, pervasiveness, and eciency.
This dissertation addresses the recognition of human activities (HAR) with wearable sensors in three main regards: In the rst place, physiological signals have been incorporated as a new source of information to improve the recognition accuracy achieved by conventional approaches, which rely on accelerometer signals solely. A new HAR system, Centinela, was born from such concept, employing structural feature extraction along with classier
ensembles, and achieving over 95% of recognition accuracy.
In the second place, real time activity recognition was enabled by Vigilante, a mobile HAR framework under the AndroidTM platform. Providing immediate feedback on the user's activities is especially benecial in healthcare and military applications, which
may require alert triggering or support of decision making. The evaluation demonstrates that Vigilante is energy ecient while maintaining high accuracy (i.e., up to 96.8%) and
low response time. The system features MECLA, a mobile library for the evaluation of classification algorithms, which is also suitable for further machine learning applications.
Finally, the activity recognition accuracy is improved by two new strategies for decision fusion and selection in multiple classier systems: the failure product and the precision-recall dierence. The experimental analysis conrms that the presented methods are benecial, not only for recognizing human activities, but also for many other classication problems.
22
Grikienytė, Akvilė. "Užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080125_103221-59597.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra pateikiama užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimo pagrindų ir tvarkos, taip pat užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimo problematikos analizė teoriniu ir praktiniu aspektu remiantis tarptautiniais ir nacionaliniais teisės aktais bei teismų praktika. Atliktos analizės pagrindu magistro baigiamojo darbo autorius atskleidžia užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimo teisinio reglamentavimo bei teismų praktikos panašumus bei skirtumus. Visa tai leidžia daryti išvadą, jog atskirų valstybių nacionalinių įstatymų įvairovė, skirtinga užsienio teismų praktika lemia tai, kad dažnai praktikoje kyla problemų, susijusių su ne visada vienodu ir nuosekliu užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimą reguliuojančių teisės normų taikymu.
Lietuvoje Niujorko konvencija buvo ratifikuota tik 1995 m. sausio 17 d. Nacionalinės teisės užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimas sureguliuotas tik 1996 m. balandžio 2 d. LR Komercinio arbitražo įstatyme. Vėliau buvo atlikti 1964 m. LR CPK pakeitimai, įtvirtinant detalesnę užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimo tvarką bei nutarčių apskundimą, o naujasis LR CPK - 2003 m. sausio 1 d. Priešingai, užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimo teisinis reglamentavimas tarptautiniu mastu buvo pradėtas 1927 m. priėmus Ženevos konvenciją. Šių teisės šaltinių naujumas atskleidžia, jog užsienio arbitražo sprendimų pripažinimas Lietuvoje yra naujas teisinis institutas, kurio analizė teisinėje literatūroje nėra gausi. Visa tai lemia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The article compares and analyses the positions of foreign and Lithuanian legal acts on the recognition of foreign arbitration awards, the practice of Lithuanian and foreign courts in this area and the topic of recognition of foreign arbitral awards in theoretical and practical aspects. Guided by such investigation the author of the article raise the similarities and differences in the regulation of foreign arbitration awards throughout different countries. That leads to the conclusion that some positions or terms are interpreted in the courts or regulated in the legal acts of different countries not unilaterally or even differently in the area.
Lithuania, being a very dynamic region, develops intensively its laws on arbitration. Nevertheless, in Lithuania the recognition of international arbitral awards has been started to develop only on 17th of January in 1995 by the ratification of the New York convention, which has been recognized and enforced according to the provisions of the Law on Commercial Arbitration adopted on the 2nd of April in 1996. Afterwards, there was made some changes of Civil Procedure code, and finally the new Civil Procedure code was adopted on the 1st of January in 2003. On the contrary, the process of legitimation of recognition of foreign arbitral awards internationally has been started in 1927 by adoption of Geneva protocol on arbitration. That is the main motive why the author of the article decided to investigate the practice and national laws of... [to full text]
23
Ahmed, Qutub Uddin, and Saifullah Bin Mujib. "Context Aware Reminder System : Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensors Supporting Context-Based Reminder Systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4122.
Full textAbstract:
Context. Reminder system offers flexibility in daily life activities and assists to be independent. The reminder system not only helps reminding daily life activities, but also serves to a great extent for the people who deal with health care issues. For example, a health supervisor who monitors people with different health related problems like people with disabilities or mild dementia. Traditional reminders which are based on a set of defined activities are not enough to address the necessity in a wider context. To make the reminder more flexible, the user’s current activities or contexts are needed to be considered. To recognize user’s current activity, different types of sensors can be used. These sensors are available in Smartphone which can assist in building a more contextual reminder system. Objectives. To make a reminder context based, it is important to identify the context and also user’s activities are needed to be recognized in a particular moment. Keeping this notion in mind, this research aims to understand the relevant context and activities, identify an effective way to recognize user’s three different activities (drinking, walking and jogging) using Smartphone sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) and propose a model to use the properties of the identification of the activity recognition. Methods. This research combined a survey and interview with an exploratory Smartphone sensor experiment to recognize user’s activity. An online survey was conducted with 29 participants and interviews were held in cooperation with the Karlskrona Municipality. Four elderly people participated in the interview. For the experiment, three different user activity data were collected using Smartphone sensors and analyzed to identify the pattern for different activities. Moreover, a model is proposed to exploit the properties of the activity pattern. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using machine learning tool, WEKA. Results. Survey and interviews helped to understand the important activities of daily living which can be considered to design the reminder system, how and when it should be used. For instance, most of the participants in the survey are used to using some sort of reminder system, most of them use a Smartphone, and one of the most important tasks they forget is to take their medicine. These findings helped in experiment. However, from the experiment, different patterns have been observed for three different activities. For walking and jogging, the pattern is discrete. On the other hand, for drinking activity, the pattern is complex and sometimes can overlap with other activities or can get noisy. Conclusions. Survey, interviews and the background study provided a set of evidences fostering reminder system based on users’ activity is essential in daily life. A large number of Smartphone users promoted this research to select a Smartphone based on sensors to identify users’ activity which aims to develop an activity based reminder system. The study was to identify the data pattern by applying some simple mathematical calculations in recorded Smartphone sensors (accelerometer and gyroscope) data. The approach evaluated with 99% accuracy in the experimental data. However, the study concluded by proposing a model to use the properties of the identification of the activities and developing a prototype of a reminder system. This study performed preliminary tests on the model, but there is a need for further empirical validation and verification of the model.<br>+46707560843
24
Becker, Pieter-Willie. "The recognition and enforcement of international commercial arbitration awards in a South African context / Pieter-Willie Becker." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/864.
Full textAbstract:
Internasionale handel het die afgelope tien jaar in Suid-Afrika met rasse skrede toegeneem. Hierdie toename is toe te skryf aan die opheffing van sanksies teen Suid-Afrika sowel as die effek van globalisering.
Verskeie jurisdiksies kan geraak word met 'n enkele internasionale handelstransaksie. Wanneer daar 'n dispuut ontstaan, wend partye hul toenemend tot internasionale kommersiële arbitrasie om sodanige dispuut te besleg. Hierdie wyse van dispuutbeslegting se prosedures is veel buigsamer as die van 'n hof en is dus meer aanvaarbaar vir kommersiële partye. Dit is dan ook vir Suid-Afrika van kardinale belang dat wetgewing in plek moet wees om internasionale kommersiële arbitrasies te akkommodeer.
Verskeie lande se jurisdiksies het elkeen afsonderlike regsreëls, -beginsels en -prosedures waarvolgens beslissings gemaak word. Dit skep 'n probleem wanneer partye binne twee of meer jurisdiksies handel deurdat verskillende reëls wat op dieselfde feite toegepas word, verskillende uitkomste sal hê.
lnternasionale konvensies het die lig reeds in 1927 gesien met die Geneefse Konvensie om hierdie probleem aan te spreek. In 1954 is die New York Konvensie daargestel met die doel om internasionale kommersiële arbitrasietoekennings wêreldwyd te erken en af te dwing.
Suid-Afrika het egter eers in 1976 hierdie konvensie onderteken. Wetgewing is ooreenstemmend aangeneem in 1977 deur die promulgering van die Erkenning en Afdwinging van Buitelandse Toekennings Wet 40 van 1977.
Ongelukkig is hierdie wet defektief en word daar glad nie geslaag in die doel waarvoor die wet oorspronklik aangeneem is nie welke aspek meer volledig behandel word in die inhoud van die skripsie. Gevolglik word die Arbitrasie Wet 42 van 1965 tot 'n beperkte mate toegepas in internasionale kommersiële arbitrasies, aangesien daar nie uitdruklik voorsiening gemaak word vir hierdie wyse van dispuutbeslegting in die wet nie en hoofsaaklik ingestel is op plaaslike arbitrasie. Partye kan ook hierdie wet misbruik in 'n internasionale konteks om die arbitrasieproses te vertraag.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regskommissie het hierdie probleem aangespreek deur die Modelwet vir internasionale kommersiële arbitrasie te ondersoek wat opgestel is deur UNCITRAL. 'n Konsepwet wat aangepas is vir Suid-Afrikaanse omstandighede is reeds in 1998 voorgestel spesifiek vir die doel om internasionale kommersiële arbitrasie effektief te administreer en te bevorder.
Uit bostaande is dit duidelik dat huidige wetgewing in Suid-Afrika nie voorsiening vir internasionale kommersiële arbitrasie maak nie. Suid-Afrika speel 'n toenemende prominente rol in internasionale handel en die effek van ontoereikende wetgewing kan internasionale rolspelers afskrik.
Deur hierdie studie word dit duidelik geïllustreer dat dit uiters noodsaaklik is dat die Konsepwet gepromulgeer word wat gevolglik voordelig vir die ekonomie sowel as die regstelsel van Suid-Afrika sal wees.<br>Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005
25
Sarzano, Nicolò. "Riconoscimento automatico di attività attraverso i sensori inerziali di uno smartphone: una valutazione sperimentale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Find full textAbstract:
In questa tesi vengono analizzati e confrontati vari metodi per la rilevazione delle attività motorie e di trasporto, attraverso uno smartphone, effettuate da un utente. L'analisi prende in considerazione sia elaborazioni dei sensori del dispositivo sia l'utilizzo di API dedicate all'activity recognition. L'obiettivo è quello di definire quale tecnica risulta essere la migliore per creare applicazioni Context-Aware.
26
SALDANA, SOLARI Maria Belen. "The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, New York, 10 June 1958: Still Fit For Purpose?" Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2489864.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyses the current status of the 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (hereinafter, "NYC") and its future perspectives. In particular, the author wonders whether the current state of affairs of the NYC's regime is satisfactory for international arbitration users and traders, or if it does not longer fit for its purpose. In addition, the author focuses on determining if it is necessary to make a revision of the Convention and offers a proposal: the adoption of an Amending Protocol.
As reflected in its historical background, the adoption of the NYC in 1958 was part of the constant evolution of international commercial arbitration in its task of serving trade. Indeed, in the middle of the 20th century the international business community insistently requested their governments to establish a new global system for the execution of foreign arbitration awards, in order to improve the conditions provided for in a treaty developed in the 1920 decade (namely, the 1927 Geneva Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards). For the merchants of that time, the regime in force no longer entirely met modern economic requirements. A more international modern treaty was crucial to guarantee the circulation of arbitration awards throughout the world, and, therefore, to ensure the effectiveness of the resolution of global commercial disputes.
The NYC not only met that need, but also exceeded it. In fact, thanks to its provisions and its number of adhering States (170), the enforcement of awards abroad became considerably easier than that one of judgments rendered by national courts. This agreement is said to be the "most important and successful United Nations treaty in the area of international trade law, and the cornerstone of the international arbitration system". Undoubtedly, it turned out to be the most important achievement of contemporary international commercial arbitration in its mission to support transnational business transactions.
However, despite its success, during its 63 years of life, the NYC has not been without criticism. Many scholars have shed light on the flaws in its text and have opened a discussion with respect to its amendment, or even its replacement. Nonetheless, most arbitration experts have expressed themselves contrary to these possibilities.
In this context, the thesis focuses on examining the NYC shortcomings and determining if they have affected its performance and the achievement of its objectives and if, in any case, it is possible to overcome such shortcomings without an amendment or replacement. Moreover, the author analyzes if the NYC is adequately serving the current international business community and if it would be capable to satisfy international trade actors of the coming decades.
With this thesis the author intends to collaborate with the current debate on the necessity to revise the NYC of 1958. Many are the academic texts that criticize the Convention, but just a few that try to give a concrete answer on how to solve this situation. Indeed, most of the authors concentrates on protecting the treaty in question and defending its current status quo, despite its obvious and serious deficiencies. At some point - it is expected in the short term - the NYC will be modified. Otherwise, its shortcomings, its obsolescence, and its negative practical consequences will hinder the correct development of international arbitration and transnational trade. For this reason, it results necessary to have as many academic essays as possible regarding the available options to amend this treaty.<br>Questa tesi esamina lo stato attuale della Convenzione del 1958 sul riconoscimento e l'esecuzione delle sentenze arbitrali straniere (si seguito,"CNY") e le sue prospettive future. In particolare, l'autore si chiede se allo stato attuale il regime della CNY sia soddisfacente per coloro che si avvalgono dell'arbitrato internazionale e gli operatori commerciali, o se in realtà non sia più idoneo al suo scopo. Inoltre, l'autore si concentra sulla eventuale necessità di una revisione della CNY ed a tal riguardo individua una proposta: l'adozione di un Protocollo addizionale. Come si evince dal suo contesto storico, l'adozione della CNY nel 1958 faceva parte della costante evoluzione dell'arbitrato commerciale internazionale nella sua funzione di servire il commercio.
Infatti, a metà del XX secolo la comunità internazionale imprenditoriale ha insistentemente richiesto ai propri governi di stabilire un nuovo sistema globale per l'esecuzione dei lodi arbitrali stranieri, al fine di migliorare le condizioni previste da un trattato sviluppato negli anni '20 (ovvero, la Convenzione di Ginevra del 1927 sull'esecuzione dei lodi arbitrali stranieri). Per i commercianti dell'epoca, il regime in vigore non rispondeva più del tutto ai moderni parametri economici. Un trattato internazionale maggiormente moderno era fondamentale per garantire la circolazione dei lodi arbitrali nel mondo, e, quindi, per garantire l'efficacia della risoluzione delle controversie commerciali globali.
La CNY non solo ha soddisfatto questa esigenza, ma l'ha anche superata. Infatti, grazie alle sue disposizioni ed al numero degli Stati aderenti (170), l'esecuzione di lodi all'estero è diventata notevolmente più facile dell'esecuzione di sentenze rese dai tribunali nazionali. Si dice che questo accordo sia "the most successful United Nations treaty in the area of international trade law, and the cornerstone of the international arbitration system". Indubbiamente, esso si è rivelato il più importante risultato dell'arbitrato commerciale internazionale contemporaneo nella sua missione di supporto delle transazioni commerciali transnazionali.
Tuttavia, nonostante il suo successo, durante i suoi 63 anni di vita, la CNY non è stata esente da critiche. Molti studiosi hanno messo in luce i difetti del suo testo e hanno aperto una discussione in merito alla sua modifica, o anche alla sua sostituzione. Tuttavia, la maggior parte degli esperti nel settore dell'arbitrato si sono espressi in senso contrario a queste possibilità.
In questo contesto, la tesi si concentra sull'esame delle carenze della CNY e valuta se le stesse abbiano influenzato la sua realizzazione ed il raggiungimento dei suoi obiettivi e se, in ogni caso, sia possibile ovviare a tali carenze senza una modifica o sostituzione della Convenzione. Inoltre, l'autore si chiede se la CNY sia adeguata a servire l'attuale comunità imprenditoriale internazionale e se potrebbe essere in grado di soddisfare gli attori del commercio internazionale dei prossimi decenni.
Con questa tesi l'autore intende collaborare all'attuale dibattito circa la necessità di sottoporre a revisione la CNY del 1958. Molti sono i testi accademici che criticano la Convenzione, ma solo alcuni di essi cercano di dare una risposta concreta sulle modalità di risoluzione di tale situazione. In effetti, la maggior parte degli autori si concentra sulla protezione del trattato in questione e sulla difesa del suo attuale status quo, nonostante le sue evidenti e gravi carenze. Ad un certo punto, la CNY sarà modificata, auspicabilmente nel breve periodo. Altrimenti, le sue carenze, la sua obsolescenza e le sue conseguenze pratiche negative ostacoleranno il corretto sviluppo dell'arbitrato internazionale e del commercio transnazionale. Per questo motivo, risulta necessario che vi sia il maggior numero possibile di contributi accademici che prospettino le opzioni disponibili al fine di modificare questo trattato.
27
Alabdullah, Abdullah Mohammed. "An examination of the role of Shariah in the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30728.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the challenges encountered by parties seeking to have arbitral awards recognised and enforced within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Specifically, this thesis critically assesses the impact of Shariah on the enforcement of international awards within the Kingdom and aims to suggest actionable reforms to further develop the Saudi arbitration framework, and build on the modernisation efforts initiated through the Saudi Arbitration Law and Enforcement Law, both issued in 2012. This study aims to examine issues around the treatment and enforcement of domestic and international awards under the Saudi legal system and dispute settlement machinery. Particular focus will be directed to the differences between the enforcement of domestic and foreign awards, and the challenges that arise therein. By way of critical analysis, this thesis explores the history and development of arbitration law and procedure in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the role of Shariah principles in contract construction and dispute resolution. By bringing Saudi arbitration procedures into greater alignment with international standards and practices, and curtailing the power of local courts, the New Arbitration Law has been widely welcomed as establishing a more hospitable arbitration environment for commercial actors, foreign and domestic. While the New Saudi Arbitration Regime aimed to bring much-needed certainty and predictability to Saudi-based commercial arbitration awards, the Saudi legal system is still in its infancy and struggling to balance its Shariah roots with secular practices. As this thesis explores, the Saudi model of contract construction and dispute resolution is not yet embedded in a settled or ‘gapless’ body of legal principles, in large part because of on-going contestation among Islamic scholars over the scope and meaning of Shariah principles. While the new law significantly curtails the review power of local courts, judicial authorities in Saudi Arabia continue to enjoy broad discretion to reopen a final non-localised arbitral award issued elsewhere and to subject it to review on the merits. The grounds for annulment, revision or refusal to enforce include any agreement deemed to contravene Shariah law, Saudi public policy and prior Saudi court decrees, in addition to other public policy related defences. In the final analysis, the proposed thesis will consider the potential impacts of Shariah on arbitral award enforcement proceedings initiated in Saudi Arabia. At the level of conceptual analysis, the proposed research reflects on the familiar tension between international regulations, which is principally achieved through harmonisation of applicable arbitral procedures and the domestic enforcement of applicable national (substantive) laws on arbitration. From these premises, the proposed thesis will critically evaluate the extent to which Saudi arbitration law has reconciled the modernising ambitions of an ‘commerce friendly’ arbitration regime and where progress is still needed to achieve efficient and effective award enforcement.
28
Chalmers, Rodney Eric. "The effects of verbal recognition on work performance and intrinsic motivation: Using behavior modification techniques." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2751.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of both public and private verbal recognition on intrinsic motivation and sales performance in fourteen restaurant waitstaff was evaluated using organizational behavior modification techniques. The hypothesis that public recognition would be more effective than private recognition in increasing intrinsic motivation and sales was not supported.
29
Daradkeh, Lafi Mohammad Mousa. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign commercial arbitral awards relating to international commercial disputes : comparative study (English and Jordanian law)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/494/.
Full textAbstract:
Two historical frameworks dominate European discourse about Muslim identity. First, the Enlightenment notion that religion is a private matter to be disassociated from public life, particularly from the scientific enterprise. Secondly, the Orientalist tradition of portraying Islam as inferior to Western culture and Muslims as people to be feared and controlled. These discursive practices have consequences for the everyday lives of Pakistani Muslims in the UK and for their healthcare and health. This thesis aims to assess the influence of Muslim identity on healthcare and health through a multifaceted methodology, which takes account of context and of other aspects of identity such as social class, ethnicity, gender and age. Findings show that dominant conceptualisations of Islam and Muslims corrupt the communication process between Pakistani people and health practitioners and expose Pakistani people to stereotypical ideas about their beliefs and practices. Furthermore, discussion of religious influences on selfcare is avoided by patients and practitioners alike. Consequently, Pakistani people receive inadequate support in decision-making about chronic illness management and are more likely to develop complications. This disadvantage is exacerbated by ethnicity and gender. These dynamics of healthcare reflect discrimination that is mirrored in almost all contexts in the wider UK society, affecting education, employment and civic participation. These areas affect health status, as does self-perception of social position and social relations. The disadvantage to which Muslim identity appears to expose individuals and groups suggests a possible explanation for higher levels of mortality and morbidity within this community compared to other minority ethnic communities. This thesis explores the implications of these findings for practice, policy, research and activism. It concludes that developing shared understanding and common ground needs to be a focus for policy and practice development. Policy support for Muslims to organise on the basis of faith identity is also needed if health inequalities within the Pakistani Muslim community arc to be effectively addressed.
30
Sun, Feng-Tso. "Nonparametric Discovery of Human Behavior Patterns from Multimodal Data." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/359.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advances in sensor technologies and the growing interest in context- aware applications, such as targeted advertising and location-based services, have led to a demand for understanding human behavior patterns from sensor data. People engage in routine behaviors. Automatic routine discovery goes beyond low-level activity recognition such as sitting or standing and analyzes human behaviors at a higher level (e.g., commuting to work). The goal of the research presented in this thesis is to automatically discover high-level semantic human routines from low-level sensor streams. One recent line of research is to mine human routines from sensor data using parametric topic models. The main shortcoming of parametric models is that they assume a fixed, pre-specified parameter regardless of the data. Choosing an appropriate parameter usually requires an inefficient trial-and-error model selection process. Furthermore, it is even more difficult to find optimal parameter values in advance for personalized applications. The research presented in this thesis offers a novel nonparametric framework for human routine discovery that can infer high-level routines without knowing the number of latent low-level activities beforehand. More specifically, the frame-work automatically finds the size of the low-level feature vocabulary from sensor feature vectors at the vocabulary extraction phase. At the routine discovery phase, the framework further automatically selects the appropriate number of latent low-level activities and discovers latent routines. Moreover, we propose a new generative graphical model to incorporate multimodal sensor streams for the human activity discovery task. The hypothesis and approaches presented in this thesis are evaluated on public datasets in two routine domains: two daily-activity datasets and a transportation mode dataset. Experimental results show that our nonparametric framework can automatically learn the appropriate model parameters from multimodal sensor data without any form of manual model selection procedure and can outperform traditional parametric approaches for human routine discovery tasks.
31
Sutrisno, Nandang. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in developed and developing countries : a comparison of the United States and Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26222.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign arbitral awards should be recognizable and enforceable. However, this is not always the case; they are recognizable and enforceable in some countries but not in others. Those countries that recognize and enforce awards are mostly developed countries, whereas those which do not are mainly developing countries.<br>This study compares and contrasts the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in developed and developing countries with a view to discovering why they are recognizable and enforceable in some countries but not in others. In this study, the United States is representative of the developed countries, while Indonesia represents the developing countries.<br>Three factors determining whether or not foreign arbitral awards are recognizable and enforceable are identified in this study. They are the availability and adequacy of the legal framework, the attitude of the business community, and the attitude of the courts. The inquiry, accordingly, focuses on an examination of those factors in both countries. The examination reveals that the third factor is the determining element regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards.
32
Roitberg, Alina [Verfasser], and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Stiefelhagen. "Uncertainty-aware Models for Deep Learning-based Human Activity Recognition and Applications in Intelligent Vehicles / Alina Roitberg ; Betreuer: R. Stiefelhagen." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021092904591022267143.
Full text
33
Lembo, Sara. "The 1996 UK ARbitration Act and the UNCITRAL Model Law: a contemporary analysis." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200848.
Full textAbstract:
Arbitration as an alternative method of settling dispute. The development of Arbitration Law in England. The Arbitration Act 1996 versus the UNCITRAL Model Law: an objective and comparative analysis. Recent trends in International Commercial Arbitration: an empirical analysis.
34
Lau, Sian Lun [Verfasser]. "Towards a user-centric context aware system: empowering users through activity recognition using a smartphone as an unobtrusive device / Sian Lun Lau." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025021215/34.
Full text
35
Towfiq, Peshawa Sammad. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign commercial arbitration agreements and awards in Iraqi law : analytic study under the New York Convention of 1958." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743883.
Full text
36
Chan, Ho Fai. "Essays on top scholars: A scientometrics approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104383/1/Ho%20Fai_Chan_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contributes to the scientometrics literature by providing empirical evidence on a number of aspects in academia focusing on the most prominent scholars. It comprises eight individual studies examining topics on recognition, research performance, impact, biases and collaboration patterns in academia.
37
Cappella, Matteo. "Studio e valutazione di tecniche di training per il riconoscimento automatico di attività attraverso dispositivi mobili." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
L'utilizzo degli smartphone è cresciuto rapidamente nel corso dell'ultimo decennio. Questi dispositivi oltre ad avere ottime capacità comunicative, di memoria e di calcolo, sono equipaggiati con numerosi sensori. Quest'ultimi permettono ai ricercatori di raccogliere numerose informazioni riguardanti le persone e il contesto che le circonda. Un aspetto molto importante che è possibile analizzare tramite la raccolta delle informazioni provenienti dai sensori è sicuramente quello del riconoscimento delle modalità di trasporto (Transportation Mode Detection), che consiste, appunto, nell'individuare la classe di mobilità intrapresa da un utente in un determinato momento tramite degli algoritmi di machine learning.
In questo elaborato, vengono utilizzate varie tecniche di apprendimento su un dataset contenente cinque differenti classi di trasporto quali stare fermi, camminare, andare in auto, autobus e treno. L'obiettivo che si è cercato di raggiungere è stato quello di verificare la possibilità di riconoscere le modalità di trasporto di un utente di cui non si possiedono informazioni, ovvero un soggetto che non è presente all'interno dell'insieme di dati usati per allenare il modello di predizione.
In modo particolare, lo studio si è focalizzato sulla tecnica di apprendimento incrementale attraverso la quale è stato possibile aggiornare il modello con l'aggiunta di nuove informazioni senza perdere la conoscenza acquisita in addestramenti precedenti.
Infine, si è indagato sul problema relativo all'etichettatura dei dati. Dato che questa operazione risulta essere molto costosa, nell'elaborato è stata proposta una soluzione basata su tecniche di apprendimento semi-supervisionato che consentono di sfruttare una combinazione di dati etichettati e non.
38
Brar, Gurkanwal Singh. "Malleable Contextual Partitioning and Computational Dreaming." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51201.
Full textAbstract:
Computer Architecture is entering an era where hundreds of Processing Elements (PE) can be integrated onto single chips even as decades-long, steady advances in instruction, thread level parallelism are coming to an end. And yet, conventional methods of parallelism fail to scale beyond 4-5 PE's, well short of the levels of parallelism found in the human brain. The human brain is able to maintain constant real time performance as cognitive complexity grows virtually unbounded through our lifetime. Our underlying thesis is that contextual categorization leading to simplified algorithmic processing is crucial to the brains performance efficiency. But, since the overheads of such reorganization are unaffordable in real time, we also observe the critical role of sleep and dreaming in the lives of all intelligent beings. Based on the importance of dream sleep in memory consolidation, we propose that it is also responsible for contextual reorganization. We target mobile device applications that can be personalized to the user, including speech, image and gesture recognition, as well as other kinds of personalized classification, which are arguably the foundation of intelligence. These algorithms rely on a knowledge database of symbols, where the database size determines the level of intelligence. Essential to achieving intelligence and a seamless user interface however is that real time performance be maintained. Observing this, we define our chief performance goal as: Maintaining constant real time performance against ever increasing algorithmic and architectural complexities. Our solution is a method for Malleable Contextual Partitioning (MCP) that enables closer personalization to user behavior. We conceptualize a novel architectural framework, the Dream Architecture for Lateral Intelligence (DALI) that demonstrates the MCP approach. The DALI implements a dream phase to execute MCP in ideal MISD parallelism and reorganize its architecture to enable contextually simplified real time operation. With speech recognition as an example application, we show that the DALI is successful in achieving the performance goal, as it maintains constant real time recognition, scaling almost ideally, with PE numbers up to 16 and vocabulary size up to 220 words.<br>Master of Science
39
Padilla, López José Ramón. "Protección de la Privacidad Visual basada en el Reconocimiento del Contexto." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/52056.
Full textAbstract:
En la actualidad, la cámara de vídeo se ha convertido en un dispositivo omnipresente. Debido a su miniaturización, estas se pueden encontrar integradas en multitud de dispositivos de uso diario, desde teléfonos móviles o tabletas, hasta ordenadores portátiles. Aunque estos dispositivos son empleados por millones de personas diariamente de forma inofensiva, capturando vídeo, realizando fotografías que luego son compartidas, etc.; el empleo de videocámaras para tareas de videovigilancia levanta cierta preocupación entre la población, sobre todo cuando estas forman parte de sistemas inteligentes de monitorización. Esto supone una amenaza para la privacidad debido a que las grabaciones realizadas por estos sistemas contienen una gran cantidad de información que puede ser extraída de forma automática mediante técnicas de visión artificial. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta tecnología en diversas áreas puede suponer un impacto muy positivo para las personas. Por otro lado, la población mundial está envejeciendo rápidamente. Este cambio demográfico provocará que un mayor número de personas en situación de dependencia, o que requieren apoyo en su vida diaria, vivan solas. Por lo que se hace necesario encontrar una solución que permita extender su autonomía. La vida asistida por el entorno (AAL por sus siglas en inglés) ofrece una solución aportando inteligencia al entorno donde residen la personas de modo que este les asista en sus actividades diarias. Estos entornos requieren la instalación de sensores para la captura de datos. La utilización de videocámaras, con la riqueza en los datos que ofrecen, en entornos privados haría posible la creación de servicios AAL orientados hacia el cuidado de las personas como, por ejemplo, la detección de accidentes en el hogar, detección temprana de problemas cognitivos y muchos otros. Sin embargo, dada la sencilla interpretación de imágenes por las personas, esto plantea problemas éticos que afectan a la privacidad. En este trabajo se propone una solución para poder hacer uso de videocámaras en entornos privados con el objetivo de dar soporte a las personas y habilitar así el desarrollo de servicios de la vida asistida por el entorno en un hogar inteligente. En concreto, se propone la protección de la privacidad en aquellos servicios AAL de monitorización que requieren acceso al vídeo por parte de un cuidador, ya sea profesional o informal. Esto sucede, por ejemplo, cuando se detecta un accidente en un sistema de monitorización y ese evento requiere la confirmación visual de lo ocurrido. Igualmente, en servicios AAL de telerehabilitación puede ser requerida la supervisión por parte de un humano. En este tipo de escenarios es fundamental proteger la privacidad en el momento en que se esté accediendo u observando el vídeo. Como parte de este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo el estudio del estado de la cuestión en la cual se han revisado los métodos de protección de la privacidad visual presentes en la literatura. Esta revisión es la primera en realizar un análisis exhaustivo de este tema centrándose, principalmente, en los métodos de protección. Como resultado, se ha desarrollado un esquema de protección de la privacidad visual basado en el reconocimiento del contexto que permite adecuar el nivel de privacidad durante la observación cuando las preferencias del usuario coinciden con el contexto. La detección del contexto es necesaria para poder detectar en la escena las circunstancias en que el usuario demanda determinado nivel de privacidad. Mediante la utilización de este esquema, cada uno de los fotogramas que componen un flujo de vídeo en directo es modificado antes de su transmisión teniendo en cuenta los requisitos de privacidad del usuario. El esquema propuesto hace uso de diversas técnicas de modificación de imágenes para proteger la privacidad, así como de visión artificial para reconocer dicho contexto. Por tanto, en esta tesis doctoral se realizan diversas contribuciones en distintas áreas con el objetivo de llevar a cabo el desarrollo del esquema propuesto de protección de la privacidad visual. De este modo, se espera que los resultados obtenidos nos sitúen un paso más cerca de la utilización de videocámaras en entornos privados, incrementando su aceptación y haciendo posible la implantación de servicios AAL basados en visión artificial que permitan aumentar la autonomía de las personas en situación de dependencia.
40
Wunder, Thomas. "Recognition, Enforcement, and Execution of arbitral awards under the ICSID convention : The debate and problems in the differentiation between execution and enforcement regarding questions of sovereign immunity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411833.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyses the conundrum at the intersection of (i) recognition, (ii) enforcement, and (iii) execution of investment treaty arbitral awards pursuant to the ICSID convention. Orienting between recognition, enforcement, and execution has recently stirred quite some debate. This culminates in the question of, on the one hand, whether it is necessary to differentiate between “enforcement” and “execution” in light of the plea of sovereign immunity, and how to do so, on the other hand. In this context, the concept of sovereign immunity in general and as a potential objection within the ICSID enforcement proceedings will be analysed in particular. This thesis does so by analysing scholarly work, the ICSID history and as a result of municipal case law vis-à-vis sovereign immunity and ICSID enforcement. A particular emphasis will be put on statutory interpretations, for example on ICSID enforcement regime and its terminology. In this light, a terminological analysis of language is instrumental given that the ICSID convention has three original languages.
41
Cantuarias, Salaverry Fernando, and Deville Jose Luis Repetto. "Application of New York Convention by Latin American courts." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123557.
Full textAbstract:
Through this paper, the authors comment on the application of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, approved in New York on June 10, 1958, through the review of the most relevant case-law of the main jurisdictions in arbitration in Latin America. The following article provides a review of the different ground for refusal of recognition that a party can use to oppose the recognition of an award, revealing the criteria used by the courts to enforce or deny recognition of a foreign award.<br>A través de este artículo, los autores comentan la aplicación de la Convención sobre el Reconocimiento y la Ejecución de Sentencias Arbitrales Extranjeras, aprobada en Nueva York el 10 de junio de 1958, a través de la revisión de la jurisprudencia más relevante de las principales jurisdicciones en materia arbitral de América Latina. El siguiente artículo aporta una revisión de las diferentes causales que puede utilizar una parte para oponerse al reconocimiento de un laudo evidenciándose los criterios que emplean las cortes para amparar o denegar el reconocimiento de un laudo extranjero.
42
Aleisa, Mohammed I. E. "A critical analysis of the legal problems associated with recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia : will the new Saudi Arbitration Law (2012) resolve the main legal problems?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/17245/.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis critically analyses the legal problems associated with the recognition and enforcement of domestic and foreign arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia. The aim is to illuminate whether or not the new Saudi Arbitration Law 2012 (SAL) and the new Enforcement Law 2012 (SEL) will be able to resolve these problems. In the thesis, we investigate the reasons for the problems with regard to the SAL 1983, and then discuss the SAL 2012 in terms of the possibility of resolving such problems. Moreover, the study includes a semi-comparative study in the light of Sharia Law and international practice. The thesis deals with Saudi judicial practices by looking at a significant number of Saudi judicial cases that relate to the enforcement of arbitral awards. This is what enhances the view that the thesis will make an effective contribution to the field of arbitration. A number of legal problems, such as the lack of identification of the limited grounds for a challenge, the competent court to decide such a challenge, the arbitration having the authority of res judicata, and the potency of the competent court to review the merits of the dispute, should all be considered due to their negative impact on the enforcement process. In this thesis, we have concluded that the new SAL 2012 and SEL 2012 can cope with and resolve many of the legal dilemmas associated with the matter of the enforcement of arbitral awards. These new pieces of legislation will be able, to some extent, to reassure and comfort national and international parties without violating Sharia law. However, some potential legal obstacles may emerge in terms of the enforcement process as it relates to arbitral awards. Therefore, the author of the thesis believes that the level of satisfaction may not be as much as is hoped for.
43
Almuhaidb, Yasser. "The recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia : an examination of the function of Article (V) of the 1958 New York Convention in the Saudi legal order." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8219.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that Art. V (2) (b) of the NYC, which states that recognition and enforcement may be refused by a competent authority if enforcement of the awards would be contrary to the public policy of the country in question, will mean that any foreign awards contrary to Islamic principles will not be enforced in Saudi Arabia, due to the Kingdom's strict adherence to Shari'ah. Furthermore, it argues that Article V (2)(b) of the NYC provides a safe harbour wherein Saudi Arabia does not have to recognize a non-Saudi Arabian award that is contrary to its public policy. Article V(b)(2) allows Saudi Arabia to embrace the international community and its rules for international dispute resolution and enforcement, without rejecting its own history and public policy. However, Saudi Arabia's apparent negative attitude towards enforcement of foreign awards is based, to a large extent, upon the conflict between the spirit of the NYC and Shari'ah rules applied in Saudi Arabia. In arguing this thesis, this study proceeds from the hypotheses that the enforcement of foreign awards in Saudi Arabia is impossible or at least extremely difficult, even after the county’s adherence to the NYC in 1994. Saudi Arabia's adoption of NYC remains consistent with its historical resistance to treaties on international arbitration. One possible explanation for such an attitude on the part of Saudi Arabia is seen in its persistent protection patterns perpetuated by key KSA authorities, especially with regard to resistance in internationalizing trade related to oil exploration and production.
44
Lee, Yeongseon. "Bayesian 3D multiple people tracking using multiple indoor cameras and microphones." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29668.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Rusell M. Mersereau; Committee Member: Biing Hwang (Fred) Juang; Committee Member: Christopher E. Heil; Committee Member: Georgia Vachtsevanos; Committee Member: James H. McClellan. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
45
Celis, Maggi Fernando Luis. "Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, a practical analysis. The chilean experience in the application of the New York Convention of 1958 and the Chilean International Commercial Arbitration Law in the exequatur proceedings, since 2005." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/129877.
Full text
46
Kuzmina, Alissa. "Quo vadis? Points of friction between cross-border litigation and international arbitration in the EU : A comparative examination of the interplay between the Brussels Regulation, the NY Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and German and Swedish procedural law." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94931.
Full text
47
Cheng, Heng-Tze. "Learning and Recognizing The Hierarchical and Sequential Structure of Human Activities." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/293.
Full textAbstract:
The mission of the research presented in this thesis is to give computers the power to sense and react to human activities. Without the ability to sense the surroundings and understand what humans are doing, computers will not be able to provide active, timely, appropriate, and considerate services to the humans. To accomplish this mission, the work stands on the shoulders of two giants: Machine learning and ubiquitous computing. Because of the ubiquity of sensor-enabled mobile and wearable devices, there has been an emerging opportunity to sense, learn, and infer human activities from the sensor data by leveraging state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms.
While having shown promising results in human activity recognition, most existing approaches using supervised or semi-supervised learning have two fundamental problems. Firstly, most existing approaches require a large set of labeled sensor data for every target class, which requires a costly effort from human annotators. Secondly, an unseen new activity cannot be recognized if no training samples of that activity are available in the dataset. In light of these problems, a new approach in this area is proposed in our research.
This thesis presents our novel approach to address the problem of human activity recognition when few or no training samples of the target activities are available. The main hypothesis is that the problem can be solved by the proposed NuActiv activity recognition framework, which consists of modeling the hierarchical and sequential structure of human activities, as well as bringing humans in the loop of model training. By injecting human knowledge about the hierarchical nature of human activities, a semantic attribute representation and a two-layer attribute-based learning approach are designed. To model the sequential structure, a probabilistic graphical model is further proposed to take into account the temporal dependency of activities and attributes. Finally, an active learning algorithm is developed to reinforce the recognition accuracy using minimal user feedback.
The hypothesis and approaches presented in this thesis are validated by two case studies and real-world experiments on exercise activities and daily life activities. Experimental results show that the NuActiv framework can effectively recognize unseen new activities even without any training data, with up to 70-80% precision and recall rate. It also outperforms supervised learning with limited labeled data for the new classes. The results significantly advance the state of the art in human activity recognition, and represent a promising step towards bridging the gap between computers and humans.
48
Padoy, Nicolas. "Workflow and Activity Modeling for Monitoring Surgical Procedures." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10025/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le bloc opératoire est au coeur des soins délivrés dans l'hôpital. Suite à de nombreux développements techniques et médicaux, il devient équipé de salles opératoires hautement technologiques. Bien que ces changements soient bénéfiques pour le traitement des patients, ils accroissent la complexité du déroulement des opérations. Ils impliquent également la présence de nombreux systèmes électroniques fournissant de l'information sur les processus chirurgicaux. Ce travail s'intéresse au développement de méthodes statistiques permettant de modéliser le déroulement des processus chirurgicaux et d'en reconnaitre les étapes, en utilisant des signaux présents dans le bloc opératoire. Nous introduisons et formalisons le problème consistant à reconnaitre les phases réalisées au sein d'un processus chirurgical, en utilisant une représentation des chirurgies par une suite temporelle et multi-dimensionnelle de signaux synchronisés. Nous proposons ensuite des méthodes pour la modélisation, la segmentation hors-ligne et la reconnaissance en-ligne des phases chirurgicales. La méthode principale, une variante de modèle de Markov caché étendue par des variables de probabilités de phases, est démontrée sur deux applications médicales. La première concerne les interventions endoscopiques, la cholécystectomie étant prise en exemple. Les phases endoscopiques sont reconnues en utilisant des signaux indiquant l'utilisation des instruments et enregistrés lors de chirurgies réelles. La deuxième application concerne la reconnaissance des activités génériques d'une salle opératoire. Dans ce cas, la reconnaissance utilise de l'information 4D provenant d'un système de reconstruction multi-vues<br>The department of surgery is the core unit of the patient care system within a hospital. Due to continuous technical and medical developments, such departments are equipped with increasingly high-tech surgery rooms. This provides higher benefits for patient treatment, but also increases the complexity of the procedures' workflow. This also induces the presence of multiple electronic systems providing rich and various information about the surgical processes. The focus of this work is the development of statistical methods that permit the modeling and monitoring of surgical processes, based on signals available in the surgery room. We introduce and formalize the problem of recognizing phases within a workflow, using a representation of interventions in terms of multidimensional time-series formed by synchronized signals acquired over time. We then propose methods for the modeling, offline segmentation and on-line recognition of surgical phases. The main method, a variant of hidden Markov models augmented by phase probability variables, is demonstrated on two medical applications. The first one is the monitoring of endoscopic interventions, using cholecystectomy as illustrative surgery. Phases are recognized using signals indicating tool usage and recorded from real procedures. The second application is the monitoring of a generic surgery room workflow. In this case, phase recognition is performed by using 4D information from surgeries performed in a mock-up operating room in presence of a multi-view reconstruction system
49
Popa, Diana-Nicoleta. "From lexical towards contextualized meaning representation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM037.
Full textAbstract:
Les représentations des mots sont à la base du plupart des systèmes modernes pour le traitement automatique du langage, fournissant des résultats compétitifs. Cependant, d'importantes questions se posent concernant les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés pour faire face aux phénomènes complexes du langage naturel et leur capacité à saisir la variabilité du langage naturel.Pour mieux gérer les phénomènes complexes du langage, de nombreux travaux ont été menées pour affiner les représentations génériques de mots ou pour créer des représentations spécialisées. Bien que cela puisse aider à distinguer la similarité sémantique des autres types de relations sémantiques, il peut ne pas suffire de modéliser certains types de relations, telles que les relations logiques d'implication ou de contradiction.La première partie de la thèse étudie l'encodage de la notion d'implication textuelle dans un espace vectoriel en imposant l'inclusion d'information. Des opérateurs d'implication sont ensuite développées et le cadre proposé peut être utilisé pour réinterpréter un modèle existant de la sémantique distributionnelle. Des évaluations sont fournies sur la détection d'hyponymie en tant que une instance d'implication lexicale.Un autre défi concerne la variabilité du langage naturel et la nécessité de désambiguïser les unités lexicales en fonction du contexte dans lequel elles apparaissent. Les représentations génériques de mots ne réussissent pas à elles seules, des architectures différentes étant généralement utilisées pour aider à la désambiguïsation. Étant donné que les représentations de mots sont construites à partir de statistiques de cooccurrence sur de grands corpus et qu’elles reflètent ces statistiques, elles fournissent une seule représentation pour un mot donné, malgré ses multiples significations. Même dans le cas de mots monosémiques, cela ne fait pas la distinction entre les différentes utilisations d’un mot en fonction de son contexte.Dans ce sens, on pourrait se demander s'il est possible d'exploiter directement les informations linguistiques fournies par le contexte d'un mot pour en ajuster la représentation. Ces informations seraient-elles utiles pour créer une représentation enrichie du mot dans son contexte? Et si oui, des informations de nature syntaxique peuvent-elles aider au processus ou le contexte local suffit? On peux donc examiner si les représentations génériques des mots et la manière dont elles se combinent peut suffire à construire des représentations plus précises.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions une façon d’incorporer la connaissance contextuelle dans les représentations de mots eux-mêmes, en exploitant les informations provenant de l’analyse de dépendance de phrase ainsi que les informations de voisinage local. Nous proposons des représentations de mots contextualisées sensibles à la syntaxe (SATokE) qui capturent des informations linguistiques spécifiques et encodent la structure de la phrase dans leurs représentations. Cela permet de passer des représentations de type générique (invariant du contexte) à des représentations spécifiques (tenant compte du contexte). Alors que la syntaxe était précédemment considérée pour les représentations de mots, ses avantages n'ont peut-être pas été entièrement évalués au-delà des modèles qui exploitent ces informations à partir de grands corpus.Les représentations obtenues sont évaluées sur des tâches de compréhension du langage naturel: classification des sentiments, détection de paraphrases, implication textuelle et analyse du discours. Nous démontrons empiriquement la supériorité de ces représentations par rapport aux représentations génériques et contextualisées des mots existantes.Le travail proposé dans la présente thèse contribue à la recherche dans le domaine de la modélisation de phénomènes complexes tels que l'implication textuelle, ainsi que de la variabilité du langage par le biais de la proposition de représentations contextualisés<br>Continuous word representations (word type embeddings) are at the basis of most modern natural language processing systems, providing competitive results particularly when input to deep learning models. However, important questions are raised concerning the challenges they face in dealing with the complex natural language phenomena and regarding their ability to capture natural language variability.To better handle complex language phenomena, much work investigated fine-tuning the generic word type embeddings or creating specialized embeddings that satisfy particular linguistic constraints. While this can help distinguish semantic similarity from other types of semantic relatedness, it may not suffice to model certain types of relations between texts such as the logical relations of entailment or contradiction.The first part of the thesis investigates encoding the notion of entailment within a vector space by enforcing information inclusion, using an approximation to logical entailment of binary vectors. We further develop entailment operators and show how the proposed framework can be used to reinterpret an existing distributional semantic model. Evaluations are provided on hyponymy detection as an instance of lexical entailment.Another challenge concerns the variability of natural language and the necessity to disambiguate the meaning of lexical units depending on the context they appear in. For this, generic word type embeddings fall short of being successful by themselves, with different architectures being typically employed on top to help the disambiguation. As type embeddings are constructed from and reflect co-occurrence statistics over large corpora, they provide one single representation for a given word, regardless of its potentially numerous meanings. Furthermore, even given monosemous words, type embeddings do not distinguish between the different usages of a word depending on its context.In that sense, one could question if it is possible to directly leverage available linguistic information provided by the context of a word to adjust its representation. Would such information be of use to create an enriched representation of the word in its context? And if so, can information of syntactic nature aid in the process or is local context sufficient? One could thus investigate whether looking at the representations of the words within a sentence and the way they combine with each-other can suffice to build more accurate token representations for that sentence and thus facilitate performance gains on natural language understanding tasks.In the second part of the thesis, we investigate one possible way to incorporate contextual knowledge into the word representations themselves, leveraging information from the sentence dependency parse along with local vicinity information. We propose syntax-aware token embeddings (SATokE) that capture specific linguistic information, encoding the structure of the sentence from a dependency point of view in their representations. This enables moving from generic type embeddings (context-invariant) to specific token embeddings (context-aware). While syntax was previously considered for building type representations, its benefits may have not been fully assessed beyond models that harvest such syntactical information from large corpora.The obtained token representations are evaluated on natural language understanding tasks typically considered in the literature: sentiment classification, paraphrase detection, textual entailment and discourse analysis. We empirically demonstrate the superiority of the token representations compared to popular distributional representations of words and to other token embeddings proposed in the literature.The work proposed in the current thesis aims at contributing to research in the space of modelling complex phenomena such as entailment as well as tackling language variability through the proposal of contextualized token embeddings
50
Padoy, Nicolas. "Workflow and Activity Modeling for Monitoring Surgical Procedures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10025.
Full textAbstract:
Le bloc opératoire est au coeur des soins délivrés dans l'hôpital. Suite à de nombreux développements techniques et médicaux, il devient équipé de salles opératoires hautement technologiques. Bien que ces changements soient bénéfiques pour le traitement des patients, ils accroissent la complexité du déroulement des opérations. Ils impliquent également la présence de nombreux systèmes électroniques fournissant de l'information sur les processus chirurgicaux. Ce travail s'intéresse au développement de méthodes statistiques permettant de modéliser le déroulement des processus chirurgicaux et d'en reconnaitre les étapes, en utilisant des signaux présents dans le bloc opératoire. Nous introduisons et formalisons le problème consistant à reconnaitre les phases réalisées au sein d'un processus chirurgical, en utilisant une représentation des chirurgies par une suite temporelle et multi-dimensionnelle de signaux synchronisés. Nous proposons ensuite des méthodes pour la modélisation, la segmentation hors-ligne et la reconnaissance en-ligne des phases chirurgicales. La méthode principale, une variante de modèle de Markov caché étendue par des variables de probabilités de phases, est démontrée sur deux applications médicales. La première concerne les interventions endoscopiques, la cholécystectomie étant prise en exemple. Les phases endoscopiques sont reconnues en utilisant des signaux indiquant l'utilisation des instruments et enregistrés lors de chirurgies réelles. La deuxième application concerne la reconnaissance des activités génériques d'une salle opératoire. Dans ce cas, la reconnaissance utilise de l'information 4D provenant d'un système de reconstruction multi-vues<br>The department of surgery is the core unit of the patient care system within a hospital. Due to continuous technical and medical developments, such departments are equipped with increasingly high-tech surgery rooms. This provides higher benefits for patient treatment, but also increases the complexity of the procedures' workflow. This also induces the presence of multiple electronic systems providing rich and various information about the surgical processes. The focus of this work is the development of statistical methods that permit the modeling and monitoring of surgical processes, based on signals available in the surgery room. We introduce and formalize the problem of recognizing phases within a workflow, using a representation of interventions in terms of multidimensional time-series formed by synchronized signals acquired over time. We then propose methods for the modeling, offline segmentation and on-line recognition of surgical phases. The main method, a variant of hidden Markov models augmented by phase probability variables, is demonstrated on two medical applications. The first one is the monitoring of endoscopic interventions, using cholecystectomy as illustrative surgery. Phases are recognized using signals indicating tool usage and recorded from real procedures. The second application is the monitoring of a generic surgery room workflow. In this case, phase recognition is performed by using 4D information from surgeries performed in a mock-up operating room in presence of a multi-view reconstruction system