Journal articles: 'AWS X-Ray'

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Sri, Harsha Vardhan Sanne. "Overcoming Network Bottlenecks and Latency Issues in Distributed AWS Architectures." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 7, no. 9 (2020): 223–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12787485.

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Distributed AWS architectures offer unparalleled scalability, flexibility, and resilience, making them pivotal in modern cloud computing. However, they also present significant challenges, particularly network bottlenecks and latency issues. These problems can degrade system performance, escalate operational costs, and negatively impact user experience. This paper explores comprehensive strategies to overcome these challenges, ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of AWS architectures. Key strategies include effective load balancing, network segmentation, data transfer optimization using AWS Direct Connect and S3 Transfer Acceleration, and mitigating latency through edge computing with AWS IoT Greengrass and AWS Snowball Edge. Additionally, leveraging content delivery networks (CDNs) like AWS CloudFront and implementing caching mechanisms with AWS Elastic Cache are crucial. Continuous monitoring and troubleshooting with AWS CloudWatch and AWS X-Ray further enhance network performance. Case studies of an e-commerce platform and a media streaming service illustrate the practical application and benefits of these strategies. By implementing these measures, organizations can ensure robust, responsive, and high-performing AWS architectures that deliver exceptional user experiences.

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Swarup, Panda. "Observability in DevOps: Integrating AWS X-Ray, CloudWatch, and Open Telemetry." International Journal of Computer Application 15, no. 3 (2025): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15489185.

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Observability is an extension of the monitoring approach with a slight difference. It does provide essential context to understand an issue but lacks clear dashboard-driven alerting. Observability is a broader term that can include monitoring. It is a term used to describe a system’s ability to allow the user to ask any question of it and receive an answer. The concept of observability originated in control theory, where it was defined as a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs. That’s the technical definition, but what does it mean practically? Basically, the more observability hooks you expose regarding what’s happening inside your system, the easier it will be to answer any questions regarding your system’s state over time.

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Manuja, Bandal. "AI-Enabled Adaptive Fault Injection for Self-Regulating Software Testing in AWS Cloud Platforms." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 12 (2022): 236–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15044761.

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Testing software in cloud environments, especially within AWS infrastructures, presents distinct obstacles due to dynamic resource allocation, decentralized architectures, and unpredictable execution conditions. Conventional testing methods often fail to detect cloud-specific faults such as transient errors, race conditions in autoscaling, and inconsistencies in distributed systems. This paper introduces AI-Enabled Adaptive Fault Injection (AIAFI), a novel autonomous testing framework specifically designed for AWS-based applications. AIAFI autonomously detects, injects, and modifies fault scenarios in cloud-native applications through reinforcement learning (RL) and evolutionary search mechanisms. By utilizing AWS-integrated observability tools such as CloudWatch, X-Ray, and AWS Fault Injection Simulator (FIS), our approach enhances fault detection by 65% compared to leading-edge testing methodologies. Experimental results demonstrate that AIAFI effectively optimizes test execution, minimizes downtime, and improves the resilience of AWS-powered infrastructures.

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Samsonova, M. V., A. S. Timofeeva, P. V. Pakhomov, et al. "Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: X-ray morphological comparisons." PULMONOLOGIYA 34, no. 1 (2023): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2024-34-1-50-58.

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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, slowly progressing disease characterized by a tumor-like overgrowth of smooth muscle fibers in the interstitial lung tissue, around blood and lymph vessels, bronchi, bronchioles, in lymph nodes. The disease has mainly been described in women of childbearing age, with a mean age of diagnosis of about 35 years.Methods. This retrospective, cohort study included 16 patients who were diagnosed with LAM at the age of 17 – 53 years (Me – 39, HQ – 42.5, LQ – 30.5). The calculation of the volumetric area of cystic lesion in the entire volume of the lungs was carried out using the GE aws 3.2 Thoracic VCAR software. To assess the area of cystic lesion on histological sections, we calculated area of cystic formations, in the walls of which smooth muscle nodules were found. For statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the Mann – Whitney U-test (p < 0.05), and the Spearman correlation analysis were used.Results. Morphometric analysis of histological preparations of the lungs showed no statistically significant difference between women of young age and older age. A correlation was found between the volumetric area of cystic lesion on CT and FEV1 (correlation coefficient = –0.886). Baseline median area of cysts was larger in patients who later deteriorated, while condition of patients with a smaller area of cysts remained stable (2.677 vs 1.119 mm2 correspondingly).Conclusion. The volumetric area of cystic lesions in LAM correlates with functional parameters. The size of cysts in LAM may determine the prognosis of the course of the disease, because the formation of larger cysts is an unfavorable prognostic factor that increases the risk of developing pneumothorax.

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Chico, Belen, Jenifer Alcántara, Elizabeth Pino, et al. "Rust exfoliation on carbon steels in chloride-rich atmospheres." Corrosion Reviews 33, no. 5 (2015): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0025.

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AbstractThe exposure of carbon steel in marine atmospheres can lead in certain circumstances to the formation of thick rust layers (containing a number of compact laminas) that are easily detached (exfoliated) from the steel substrate, leaving it unprotected and considerably accelerating the corrosion process. This deterioration phenomenon is of particular concern in steel infrastructures located close to the sea (civil constructions, bridges, etc.), whose service lifetime can be extraordinarily limited. High times of wetness of the metallic surface and high chloride ion deposition rates play a decisive role in the formation of this type of rust. Research has been carried out for 1 year in eight pure marine atmospheres with annual average chloride deposition rates of 70–1906 mg Cl-/m2 day. The studied carbon steels consisted of one mild steel, one conventional weathering steel (Corten A), and one high nickel (~3 wt.%) advanced weathering steel (AWS). The paper describes the environmental conditions that lead to the formation of these thick multilaminar rust layers and presents a characterisation study of this singular type of rust using a variety of analysis techniques: scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy/electron diffraction. The Ni-AWS shows greater resistance to the occurrence of rust exfoliation.

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Chirumamilla, Sai Krishna. "From Monolith to Microservices: A Software Engineer’s Guide to Refactoring with AWS Technologies." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06, no. 06 (2022): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem14595.

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The transition from monolithic architectures to microservices is an architectural change in the software engineering paradigm. This transformation enables the scalability, independence, and elasticity of the structures of applications. This paper seeks to bring into perspective a step-by-step procedure that will guide software engineers when refactoring from a monolithic architecture to microservices using AWS. The abstract starts by stating the problems that happen with monolithic systems, for instance, difficulty in scalability and managing its codebase, and produced suboptimal productivity of the developers. It then moves to the advantages of microservices, which include the ability to deploy individually, scale independently, and have better fault tolerance. This paper also highlights AWS services like Amazon ECS, AWS Lambda, and Amazon API Gateway, which help integrate and deploy microservices effectively. AWS CloudFormation and AWS X-Ray are investigated as to their positions in the infrastructural and visibility aspects, respectively. Here, emphasis is on the designs and migrations, what is best practice, and practice hazards that people face during the refactoring activity. This work is based on information about cloud-native design practices and examples of companies’ experience in using AWS to transform the architecture of software solutions. Some measurable indicators of migration success are defined as the number of deployments per time interval, lead time for change, Mean Time to Recover (MTTR), and microservices scalability. This paper employs activities and tasks in structured methodologies, flow charts, listed descriptions, and statistical analysis in order to arrive at a set of recommendations. Finally, the strategy considerations, low-level recommendations, and the prospect of micro-service-based architecture in the context of cloud computing are summarized. Keywords: Microservices, Monolith, AWS Technologies, Scalability, Deployment, Amazon ECS, AWS Lambda, API Gateway.

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Vamsi Krishna Vemulapalli. "AI-driven autonomous cloud monitoring and resilience in AWS Environments." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 15, no. 2 (2025): 3043–49. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2025.15.2.0770.

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Modern cloud infrastructures face escalating challenges from service disruptions that cause substantial business impact, with complexity growing exponentially as organizations embrace microservice architectures. This article explores a comprehensive AI-driven autonomous monitoring and resilience system designed specifically for AWS environments. The framework integrates multi-agent monitoring, intelligent anomaly detection, and automated failover orchestration to address the limitations of traditional monitoring approaches. By establishing dynamic baselines across monitored components, the system detects subtle anomalies before they escalate to service-impacting incidents, while sophisticated orchestration capabilities ensure rapid recovery when failures occur. The architecture leverages AWS native services including CloudWatch, X-Ray, CloudTrail, and Route 53, augmented with machine learning capabilities that dramatically improve detection accuracy while reducing false positives. This approach enables organizations to achieve recovery times significantly below industry averages while maintaining appropriate human oversight for critical decisions, creating a foundation for increasingly autonomous cloud operations that enhance resilience posture against an expanding range of failure modes.

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Fairfield, Wesley P., Michael Treat, Daniel I. Rosenthal, et al. "Effects of testosterone and exercise on muscle leanness in eugonadal men with AIDS wasting." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 6 (2001): 2166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2166.

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Loss of lean body and muscle mass characterizes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) wasting syndrome (AWS). Testosterone and exercise increase muscle mass in men with AWS, with unclear effects on muscle composition. We examined muscle composition in 54 eugonadal men with AWS who were randomized to 1) testosterone (200 mg im weekly) or placebo and simultaneously to 2) resistance training or no training in a 2 × 2 factorial design. At baseline and after 12 wk, we performed assessments of whole body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-slice computed tomography for midthigh cross-sectional area and muscle composition. Leaner muscle has greater attenuation. Baseline muscle attenuation correlated inversely with whole body fat mass ( r = −0.52, P = 0.0001). This relationship persisted in a model including age, body mass index, testosterone level, viral load, lean body mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area ( P = 0.02). Testosterone ( P = 0.03) and training ( P = 0.03) increased muscle attenuation. These data demonstrate that thigh muscle attenuation by computed tomography varies inversely with whole body fat and increases with testosterone and training. Anabolic therapy in these patients increases muscle leanness.

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Omar Saad Salih. "Furnace Brazing of Oxygen Free High Conductivity Copper to Silicon Steel." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 2 (2014): 103–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2014.07208.

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Furnace brazing was carried out to produce joints between two different materials, Oxygen Free High Conductivity Copper [OFHC] type ISO C10300 and silicon steel (electric steel) type ASTM 36F145 by using two groups of filler metals were selected in this research, silver group type DIN L-Ag20Cd and copper group type AWS BCuP-1 with using flux type AWS FB3-A to remove oxide and protect the welding joint.The brazing temperature for both filler was 790°C and 940°C respectively above liquidus temperature of them, then soaking at different time (10, 20,30,40,50, and 60min.) for each filler metal. The microstructures of cross section area of joints were revealed in optical microscope shows presence of different reaction in the brazed area.The maximum double shear strength of dissimilar brazed joints was 47MPa by using filler metal AWS BCuP-1 at 30min. soaking time, while using filler metal DIN L-Ag20Cd give rice in double shear strength to 98MPa at 30min. soaking time due to better coalescence of the mating surfaces .The occurrence of solid solution and different types of intermetallic compounds such as Cu5Si, Fe3Zn10, FeZn10, Cu5Zn6, CuZn, CdCu2, Cd3Cd4, Cd3Cu, Cu3P,and α-Fe that is responsible for joint strength has been detected by X-ray diffraction inspection.

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Loayza, Cristhian RL, Paulo DC Assunção, Danyella CS Cardoso, et al. "Incorporation of AWS 316L wire nanostructured with nickel-carbon nanotube by arc welding." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 14 (2017): 1899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317735880.

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Carbon nanotubes have certain properties, such as 150 GPa tensile strength, a 1000 GPa shear modulus, an electrical conductivity of 60 S/m, and a high thermal conductivity of 2500 W/mk, that make them an optimum metallic matrix composite reinforcement. Otherwise, arc welding is a common industrial process that joins almost all metals. However, there are hardly any studies involving the addition of carbon nanotubes in stainless steel so far. In this research, we show the incorporation of an AWS 316L nanostructured wire with nickel-carbon nanotubes in austenitic stainless steel via pulsed gas tungsten arc welding, which formed nanocomposites with 0.75 and 1.5 wt% carbon nanotube contents in the wire. The characterization was performed by scanning electronic microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The Vickers microhardness test was used to analyze the mechanical properties. The nanostructure composite had microstructure modification, and superficial microhardness improved in 35% for 0.75 wt% carbon nanotube.

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Śliwiński, Piotr, Krzysztof Kwieciński, and Mateusz Kopyściański. "Electron Beam Brazing of Titanium and Stainless Steel Dissimilar Joints with Ag-Based Filler." Key Engineering Materials 936 (December 14, 2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5n7342.

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In this work, electron beam was used for butt brazing of austenitic stainless steel with grade 2 titanium. Due to its low solidus temperature and high silver content, AWS BAg-21 filler containing Ag, Cu, Sn and Ni was selected. The joints were brazed with a defocused oscillating beam using offset. The resulting brazed joints were subjected to static tensile testing, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and hardness tests. By using appropriate parameters it was possible to reduce the phenomenon of diffusion of titanium atoms into the joint, which improved the properties of the obtained joints. The maximum tensile strength obtained was 244.2 MPa.

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Mesquita da Silva, Marcos, Gabrielly Santana Cardoso, Theophilo Moura Maciel, Marco Antonio dos Santos, Renato Alexandre Costa de Santana, and Valmir Rodrigues Batista. "Estudo de revestimentos de liga de níquel aplicados por soldagem em aço API 5L Gr B." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 43 (2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n43p212-221.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate different weld coatings of Ni alloy applied by the process of submerged arc welding (SAW) on API 5L Gr B steel used in the Oil and Gas Sector. The weldings were made with an AWS ERNiCrMo-4 filler metal of 1,14mm-diameter and an agglomerated, basic fluoride and non-alloying flux. Three weld coatings were made, two of them with pulsed and one with conventional current. Then, these weld coatings were characterized according to microhardness, optical microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and corrosion resistance tests. The results showed that the coating applied with conventional current presented lower dilution levels, higher width and height, and higher corrosion resistance when compared to the coatings applied with pulsed current

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Paradava, Tanmay, Rituraj Jain, Harsh Patania, and Tirth Patel. "Real-Time Bone Fracture Detection Using MobileNetV2 and Explainable AI for Clinical Integration." Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends 6, no. 1 (2025): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt61236.

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Bone fractures are among the most frequent injuries requiring immediate diagnosis, yet traditional X-ray analysis is time-consuming and reliant on expert interpretation. As medical AI advances, there is an increasing requirement in terms of effective and implementable diagnostic tools. The purpose of the study is to create a real-time, clinically practical system to detect a fracture combining lightweight deep learning, interpretability, and system-level integration. A convolutional neural network with MobileNetV2 architecture was trained on a stratified dataset of the elbow X-ray images, which have been divided into three classes: normal, hairline, and displaced fractures. Generalization and explainability were performed with data augmentation, two-phase fine-tuning, and Grad-CAM. This model had an accuracy of 89.26 percent, a precision of 91.52 percent, F1 score of 89.04 percent and a minimum false negative of 14 cases out of 1018 cases. The system is delivered using Docker on the AWS EC2 and available as a web interface implemented using Flask, which provides an opportunity to apply it in distant clinical facilities. The suggested pipeline merges both deep learning research and clinical practice domains because it provides a system allowing one to detect bone fractures quickly, interpretably, and scale up, and is the first of its kind to provide an entity that is accurate, can be used in real-time, and be deployable end-to-end.

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Boruah, Dibakor, Nele Dewagtere, Bilal Ahmad, et al. "Digital Image Correlation for Measuring Full-Field Residual Stresses in Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured Components." Materials 16, no. 4 (2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041702.

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This study aims to demonstrate the capability of the digital image correlation (DIC) technique for evaluating full-field residual stresses in wire and arc additive manufactured (WAAM) components. Investigations were carried out on WAAM steel parts (wall deposited on a substrate) with two different wall heights: 24 mm and 48 mm. Mild steel solid wire AWS ER70S-6 was used to print WAAM walls on substrates that were rigidly clamped to H-profiles. DIC was used to monitor the bending deformation of WAAM parts during unclamping from the H-profiles, and residual stresses were calculated from the strain field captured during unclamping. Residual stresses determined from the proposed DIC-based method were verified with an analytical model and validated by the results from established residual stress measurement techniques, i.e., the contour method and X-ray diffraction.

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Hilth, William, David Ryckelynck, and Claire Menet. "Data Pruning of Tomographic Data for the Calibration of Strain Localization Models." Mathematical and Computational Applications 24, no. 1 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca24010018.

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The development and generalization of Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) on X-ray computed tomography data highlight the issue of long-term storage. The present paper proposes a new model-free method for pruning experimental data related to DVC, while preserving the ability to identify constitutive equations (i.e., closure equations in solid mechanics) reflecting strain localizations. The size of the remaining sampled data can be user-defined, depending on the needs concerning storage space. The proposed data pruning procedure is deeply linked to hyper-reduction techniques. The DVC data of a resin-bonded sand tested in uniaxial compression is used as an illustrating example. The relevance of the pruned data was tested afterwards for model calibration. A Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU) technique coupled with an hybrid hyper-reduction method aws used to successfully calibrate a constitutive model of the resin bonded sand with the pruned data only.

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Caio, Leandro Bruno Alves, Alysson Martins Almeida Silva, Guillermo Alvarez Bestard, Lais Soares Vieira, Guilherme Caribé de Carvalho, and Sadek Crisóstomo Absi Alfaro. "Mild Steel GMA Welds Microstructural Analysis and Estimation Using Sensor Fusion and Neural Network Modeling." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165459.

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This study aims at evaluating the efficiency of sensor fusion, based on neural networks, to estimate the microstructural characteristics of both the weld bead and base material in GMAW processes. The weld beads of AWS ER70S-6 wire were deposited on SAE 1020 steel plates varying welding voltage, welding speed, and wire-feed speed. The thermal behavior of the material during the process execution was analyzed using thermographic information gathered by an infrared camera. The microstructure was characterized by optical (confocal) microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray Diffraction tests. Finally, models for estimating the weld bead microstructure were developed by fusing all the information through a neural network modeling approach. A R value of 0.99472 was observed for modelling all zones of microstructure in the same ANN using Bayesian Regularization with 17 and 15 neurons in the first and second hidden layers, respectively, with 4 training runs (which was the lowest R value among all tested configurations). The results obtained prove that RNAs can be used to assist the project of welded joints as they make it possible to estimate the extension of HAZ.

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Gonzalez Romero, Hugo Alexander, Edinson Alfonso Bastos Blandón, Lissette Patricia Casadiego Miranda, and Enrique Esteban Niebles Nuñez. "Influence of Heat Input on the Weldability of ASTM A131 DH36 Fillet Joints Welded by SMAW Underwater Wet Welding." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 11222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411222.

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Naval vessels face multiple risks that can damage their hulls during navigation, leading to on-site repairs through the shield metal arc welding (SMAW) process and underwater wet welding (UWW). This paper presents a weldability study to identify the optimal heat input parameters to improve ASTM A131 DH36 welded joints quality, development, and sustainability. This study analyzes the influence of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of underwater wet welding fillet joints welded with shield metal arc welding at 4 m water depth in a real-life environment located at the bay of Cartagena (Colombia). The methodology involves nondestructive and destructive tests, including visual inspection, fillet weld break, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers hardness, and shear strength tests. The welds microstructure is composed of ferrite, pearlite, retained austenite, bainite, and martensite; the hardness values range from 170 HV1 to 443 HV1, and the shear strength values range from 339 MPa to 504 MPa. This indicates that high thermal inputs improve the weld quality produced by the underwater wet welding technique and can comply with the technical acceptance criteria of AWS D3.6, making them more sustainable, with less welding resources wastage and less impact on marine ecosystems.

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Hu Hui-Jun, Zhao Bao-Sheng, Sheng Li-Zhi, et al. "X-ray photon counting detector for x-ray pulsar-based navigation." Acta Physica Sinica 61, no. 1 (2012): 019701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.61.019701.

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McAninch, J. E., G. S. Bench, S. P. H. T. Freeman, et al. "PXAMS — projectile X-ray AMS: X-ray yields and applications." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 99, no. 1-4 (1995): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)00633-4.

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Liu Duo, Qiang Peng-Fei, Li Lin-Sen, et al. "X-ray focusing optics and its application in X-ray communication system." Acta Physica Sinica 65, no. 1 (2016): 010703. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.65.010703.

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Wang Shu-Xing, Li Tian-Jun, Huang Xin-Chao, and Zhu Lin-Fan. "X-ray cavity quantum optics with inner-shell transitions." Acta Physica Sinica 73, no. 24 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.73.20241218.

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In the last decade, X-ray quantum optics has emerged as a new research field, driven by significant advancements in X-ray sources such as new generation synchrotron radiations and X-ray free electron lasers, as well as improvements in X-ray methodologies and sample fabrication. A very successful physical platform is the X-ray planar thin-film cavity, also known as the X-ray cavity QED setup, which represents a significant branch of X-ray quantum optics. So far, most X-ray cavity quantum optical studies are based on the Mössbauer nuclear resonances. However, the scope of the applications is limited by the few available nuclear isotope candidates and the lack of general applicability. Recently, X-ray cavity quantum control in atomic inner-shell transitions has been realized in experiments where the cavity effects simultaneously modify the transition energy and the core-hole lifetime. These pioneer works suggest that the X-ray cavity quantum optics with inner-shell transitions will become a new promising platform. Actually, the core-hole state is the fundamental concept in a variety of modern X-ray spectroscopic techniques. Therefore, integrating X-ray quantum optics with X-ray spectroscopies could lead to potential applications in core-level spectroscopies communities. In this review, we introduce the experimental systems for the X-ray cavity quantum optics with inner-shell transitions, including the cavity structure, sample fabrications, and experimental methods. We explain that X-ray thin-film cavity samples require high flux, high energy resolution, small beam divergence, and precise angular control, necessitating synchrotron radiations. The grazing reflectivity and fluorescence measurements are shown in Fig.1, along with a brief introduction to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. We also describe the theoretical simulation tools, including the classical Parratt's algorithm, semi-classical matrix formalism, quantum optical theory based on the Jaynes-Cummings model, and the quantum Green's function method. We discuss the similarities and characteristics of the electronic inner-shell transition compared to the nuclear resonance. Based on the observables, such as reflectivity and fluorescence spectra, we introduce several recent works, including cavity-induced energy shift, Fano interference, and core-hole lifetime control. In conclusion, we summarize the review and discuss several future directions. In particular, designing new cavity structures is essential to addressing current debates on the cavity effects with inner-shell transitions and discovering new quantum optical phenomena. Integrating modern X-ray spectroscopies with X-ray cavity quantum optics is a promising research area that could lead to valuable applications. Furthermore, X-ray free-electron lasers, which offer much higher pulse intensity and much shorter pulse duration, will advance X-ray cavity quantum optics studies from linear to multiphoton and nonlinear regimes.

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Dai Jin-Fei, Zhao Bao-Sheng, Sheng Li-Zhi, et al. "Ffluorescence X-ray source used for calibrating the detector of X-ray navigation." Acta Physica Sinica 64, no. 14 (2015): 149701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.149701.

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HUANG TIAN-XUAN, SUN KE-XU, HENG ZHI-JIAN, et al. "X-RAY REEMISSION FROM GOLD DISK TARGETS HEATED BY SOFT X-RAY RADIATION." Acta Physica Sinica 47, no. 1 (1998): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.47.40.

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Junita Mohd Said, Faiz Mohd Turan, and Norazlianie Sazali. "Integrated Assessment of MIG Welding Parameters on Carbon Steel using RSM Optimisation." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 111, no. 1 (2023): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.111.1.1629.

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This study examined how parameter optimisation in MIG welding affects material properties, weld quality, flexural strength, and weld bead geometry using an experimental design. Structural testing reveals that weld pool imperfections, especially in welded joints, often lead to metal failure. Incorrect selection of welding parameters, material weldability, and metal forming contribute to defects and necessitate post-treatment. The study aims to minimize weld defects and maximize material strength in welded parts using a quadratic second-order regression model to predict optimal process parameters. The chosen JIS G3131 hot-rolled carbon steel material is commonly used in automotive parts, is cost-effective, and can be easily welded. The welding process is MIG buttweld according to AWS 1.1 standards. The tests match the RSM design's 3-by-3 orthogonal array. The process parameters are welding current, arc voltage, and welding speed. The responses are bead height, bead width, penetration, and flexural strength. NDT X-ray radiography detects flaws in weld pools. The welded connection's durability is determined with a three-point bending test. Experiments are conducted to find the best input parameters with 95% confidence. This study also uses an experimental design based on an orthogonal array and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Contribution to factors and regression analysis. The predicted flexural strength was 903.1 MPa, with a 0.66% error compared to the experimental value of 897 MPa. Predicted values for weld penetration, bead width, and bead height are 3.01, 9.45, and 2.04. In the RT inspection test, the test sample with the optimum parameters had no defects in the welded joint. The optimal parameter values for the regression analysis of the RSM combination are 115, 20, and 18 for current, speed, and voltage. Confirmation tests for DT and NDT were performed to validate the optimal parameter settings. This research shows that optimizing process parameters for welded products improves weld geometry and flexural strength. This method is widely used and valuable in metal fabrication.

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Maddox, William E., and Warren G. Kelliher. "X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Wear Metals in Used Lubricating Oils*." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010636.

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Analyses of lubricating oils from aircraft engines, gear boxes and other lubricated mechanisms have been routinely performed by the military since the 1960's. The monitoring of the wear metal concentrations in the oil can lead to an early detection of abnormal wear and, consequently, the prevention of a malfunction or a complete failure of the aircraft. At the present time, almost all the analysis programs use atomic emission (AES) and/or atomic absorption (AAS) spectroscopy to determine elemental concentrations in the oils (1). These types of analysis require the close support of a laboratory to minimize the delays in obtaining the results of the measurements. The AES and AAS methods are very inefficient for particles 3 - 6 μm in size and are essentially blind to particles larger than 6 - 10 μm (2,3).

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Bohon, Jen, Rhijuta D'Mello, Corie Ralston, Sayan Gupta, and Mark R. Chance. "Synchrotron X-ray footprinting on tour." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 1 (2013): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577513024715.

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Synchrotron footprinting is a valuable technique in structural biology for understanding macromolecular solution-state structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. Although an extremely powerful tool, there is currently only a single facility in the USA, the X28C beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), dedicated to providing infrastructure, technology development and support for these studies. The high flux density of the focused white beam and variety of specialized exposure environments available at X28C enables footprinting of highly complex biological systems; however, it is likely that a significant fraction of interesting experiments could be performed at unspecialized facilities. In an effort to investigate the viability of a beamline-flexible footprinting program, a standard sample was taken on tour around the nation to be exposed at several US synchrotrons. This work describes how a relatively simple and transportable apparatus can allow beamlines at the NSLS, CHESS, APS and ALS to be used for synchrotron footprinting in a general user mode that can provide useful results.

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ZHANG JUN, PEI WEN-BING, SUI CHENG-ZHI, and GU PEI-JUN. "X-RAY TEMPERATURE AND X-RAY CONVERSION EFFI-CIENCY FOR LASER CYLINDRICAL CAVITY TARGETS." Acta Physica Sinica 40, no. 3 (1991): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.40.424.

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Johnson-Léger, C. A., and C. J. Dean. "Presentation of anti-idiotypic antibody is sensitive to ionizing radiation." Journal of Immunology 153, no. 2 (1994): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.153.2.574.

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Abstract We have been investigating the generation of specific immune responses using monoclonal anti-idiotypic Abs (Ab2) as surrogate tumor Ag. We have prepared a series of idiotypic mAbs (Ab1) from CBH/cbi rats bearing the syngeneic sarcoma HSN and have used these Ab1 to generate autologous Ab2. By using the autologous Ab2 as Ag, we have isolated T cell lines from CBH/cbi rats that proliferate specifically in the presence of the Ab2, with spleen cells as APC. Specific proliferation of the T cells was prevented if the spleen cells used for presentation were irradiated with conventional doses of x-rays (1000 rad) just before use. Titration of the radiation response showed that the capacity of the spleen cells to present Ag decreased exponentially with x-ray doses of up to 100 rad, at which dose presentation was virtually abolished. The same irradiated spleen cells were fully competent to present OVA to CBH/cbi-derived rat T cell lines specific for this Ag. Preincubating the APC with Ag before irradiation abrogated the effect of x-irradiation on the presentation of Ab2. We conclude that, in this rat system, the presentation of autologous Ab2 is highly sensitive to the effects of low doses of x-rays. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

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Costa, E. "X–ray afterglow of gamma–ray bursts with BeppoSAX." Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 138, no. 3 (1999): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aas:1999294.

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HUA Lu, ZHOU Zexian, ZHONG Yuchuan, et al. "Design and Simulation of X-ray Lens with Large Diameter Conical Glass Tube." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 14 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250369.

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In high-energy density physics (HEDP) experiments, accurate diagnostics of physical parameters such as electron temperature, plasma density, and ionization state are essential for understanding matter behavior under extreme conditions. X-ray spectroscopic techniques, particularly those employing crystal spectrometers, are widely used to achieve high spectral resolution in these scenarios. However, a common challenge in such experiments lies in the inherently low brightness and poor spatial coherence of laboratory-based X-ray sources, which limit photon throughput and, consequently, diagnostic accuracy. Enhancing the efficiency of X-ray optical transport between the source and the detector is therefore a critical step toward improving overall system performance.Capillary X-ray optics, which function based on the principle of total internal reflection within hollow glass structures, offer promising avenues for beam shaping, collimation, and focusing in the soft to hard X-ray range. These optical devices are typically categorized into polycapillary and monocapillary types. While polycapillary optics are composed of numerous micro-channels and used primarily for collimating or focusing divergent X-rays, monocapillary lenses—consisting of single curved channels—offer more precise beam control and are particularly suited for customized X-ray pathways. Depending on the curvature of the inner reflective surface, monocapillaries are classified into conical, parabolic, and ellipsoidal geometries. In this study, we propose and analyze a novel design of a large-caliber conical glass tube, specifically tailored to address the issue of low light utilization in multi-channel Focusing Spectrographs with Spatial Resolution (FSSR). The proposed conical glass tube, fabricated from a single large-diameter capillary structure, simplifies alignment requirements and reduces the surface manufacturing precision typically demanded by complex aspheric lenses. Its geometric configuration enables the redirection and controlled convergence of X-rays from extended or weak sources, thereby improving photon collection without significantly altering beam divergence.To quantify the performance of this optical system, we developed a detailed mathematical ray-tracing model and implemented it in MATLAB. The model incorporates physical parameters such as capillary inner radius, taper angle, reflection losses, and source-detector geometry. Numerical simulations reveal that the new conical design achieves a 3.1-fold improvement in source utilization efficiency compared to conventional flat or slit-based systems. Furthermore, the lens exhibits a ring-shaped enhancement region in the output intensity profile, which is tunable by adjusting the capillary geometry and source positioning. This feature enables the spatial tailoring of the beam profile, facilitating optimized coupling with downstream spectroscopic components or imaging systems.In conclusion, the proposed large-aperture conical monocapillary X-ray lens provides a practical and efficient solution for enhancing X-ray optical transport in low-brightness source environments. Its simple construction, tunable focusing characteristics, and compatibility with diverse X-ray source types make it a compelling candidate for integration into high-resolution X-ray diagnostic systems, particularly in HEDP and laboratory-scale X-ray spectroscopy. This work not only introduces a novel optical approach but also offers a robust theoretical and simulation framework that can guide future experimental design and application of capillary-based X-ray optics.

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Bai-Fei, Shen, Ji Liang-Liang, Zhang Xiao-Mei, Bu Zhi-Gang, and Xu Jian-Cai. "High field X-ray laser physics." Acta Physica Sinica 70, no. 8 (2021): 084101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20210096.

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D.C.GAO, A.POGANY, A.W.STEVENSON, T.GUREYEV, S.W.WILKINS, and MAI ZHEN-HONG. "HARD X-RAY PHASE-CONTRAST IMAGING." Acta Physica Sinica 49, no. 12 (2000): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.49.2357.

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Liu Xin, Yi Ming-Hao, and Guo Jin-Chuan. "Line focal X-ray source imaging." Acta Physica Sinica 65, no. 21 (2016): 219501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.65.219501.

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Zhou, La-Zhen, Wen-Jing Xia, Qian-Qian Xu, et al. "Micro cone-beam CT scanner based on X-ray polycapillary optics." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 9 (2022): 090701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212195.

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In-vivo small animal imaging system is an important part of disease research and new drug development. It is essential for living small animal imaging system to be able to provide the anatomical structure, molecular and functional information. The X-ray micro cone-beam computed tomography (micro-CBCT) can perform longitudinal study with a resolution of tens-to-hundreds of microns in a short imaging time at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, it is easy to combine with other modalities to provide abundant information about small animals. A key challenge to the micro-CBCT scanner is that its spatial and contrast resolution determined primarily by the X-ray focal spot size, the detector element size, and the system geometry. Aiming to improve the spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and imaging uniformity of the micro-CBCT system, we use the X-ray polycapillary optics for adjusting the X-ray source. A micro-CBCT based on X-ray polycapillary optics with a large field of view is constructed for the small animal imaging study. The micro-CBCT system is composed of microfocus X-ray tube with an attached polycapillary focusing X-ray lens, amorphous silicon-based flat panel detector, rotation stage, and controlling PC. The Feldkamp-Daivs-Kress (FDK) algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the image. The system performances are evaluated. The magnification of this micro-CBCT system is 1.97. The results show that the spatial resolution of the system at 10% modulation transfer function (MTF) is 9.1 lp/mm, which is 1.35 times higher than that in the case of no optics. The image uniformity deterioration caused by hardening effect is effectively alleviated by filtrating the low energy X-rays with the X-ray polycapillary optics and the contrast enhancement is more than twice. The anesthetic rats are imaged with this micro-CBCT system in vivo and the practicability of the system in small animal imaging research is verified.

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Zhou, La-Zhen, Wen-Jing Xia, Qian-Qian Xu, et al. "Micro cone-beam CT scanner based on X-ray polycapillary optics." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 9 (2022): 090701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212195.

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In-vivo small animal imaging system is an important part of disease research and new drug development. It is essential for living small animal imaging system to be able to provide the anatomical structure, molecular and functional information. The X-ray micro cone-beam computed tomography (micro-CBCT) can perform longitudinal study with a resolution of tens-to-hundreds of microns in a short imaging time at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, it is easy to combine with other modalities to provide abundant information about small animals. A key challenge to the micro-CBCT scanner is that its spatial and contrast resolution determined primarily by the X-ray focal spot size, the detector element size, and the system geometry. Aiming to improve the spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and imaging uniformity of the micro-CBCT system, we use the X-ray polycapillary optics for adjusting the X-ray source. A micro-CBCT based on X-ray polycapillary optics with a large field of view is constructed for the small animal imaging study. The micro-CBCT system is composed of microfocus X-ray tube with an attached polycapillary focusing X-ray lens, amorphous silicon-based flat panel detector, rotation stage, and controlling PC. The Feldkamp-Daivs-Kress (FDK) algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the image. The system performances are evaluated. The magnification of this micro-CBCT system is 1.97. The results show that the spatial resolution of the system at 10% modulation transfer function (MTF) is 9.1 lp/mm, which is 1.35 times higher than that in the case of no optics. The image uniformity deterioration caused by hardening effect is effectively alleviated by filtrating the low energy X-rays with the X-ray polycapillary optics and the contrast enhancement is more than twice. The anesthetic rats are imaged with this micro-CBCT system in vivo and the practicability of the system in small animal imaging research is verified.

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Zhou, La-Zhen, Wen-Jing Xia, Qian-Qian Xu, et al. "Micro cone-beam CT scanner based on X-ray polycapillary optics." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 9 (2022): 090701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20212195.

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In-vivo small animal imaging system is an important part of disease research and new drug development. It is essential for living small animal imaging system to be able to provide the anatomical structure, molecular and functional information. The X-ray micro cone-beam computed tomography (micro-CBCT) can perform longitudinal study with a resolution of tens-to-hundreds of microns in a short imaging time at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, it is easy to combine with other modalities to provide abundant information about small animals. A key challenge to the micro-CBCT scanner is that its spatial and contrast resolution determined primarily by the X-ray focal spot size, the detector element size, and the system geometry. Aiming to improve the spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and imaging uniformity of the micro-CBCT system, we use the X-ray polycapillary optics for adjusting the X-ray source. A micro-CBCT based on X-ray polycapillary optics with a large field of view is constructed for the small animal imaging study. The micro-CBCT system is composed of microfocus X-ray tube with an attached polycapillary focusing X-ray lens, amorphous silicon-based flat panel detector, rotation stage, and controlling PC. The Feldkamp-Daivs-Kress (FDK) algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the image. The system performances are evaluated. The magnification of this micro-CBCT system is 1.97. The results show that the spatial resolution of the system at 10% modulation transfer function (MTF) is 9.1 lp/mm, which is 1.35 times higher than that in the case of no optics. The image uniformity deterioration caused by hardening effect is effectively alleviated by filtrating the low energy X-rays with the X-ray polycapillary optics and the contrast enhancement is more than twice. The anesthetic rats are imaged with this micro-CBCT system in vivo and the practicability of the system in small animal imaging research is verified.

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DENG Yimin, ZHANG Yu, LU Peixiang, and CAO Wei. "Apparatus for Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Based on Water-Window High-Order Harmonic Attosecond Light Sources." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 15 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250550.

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Transient absorption spectroscopy using soft X-ray coherent light sources as ultrafast probes holds significant promise for applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science. This article presents the design of a transient absorption apparatus based on tabletop soft X-ray light sources. A commercial femtosecond laser system (4.4mJ, 25fs, 800nm, 1kHz) drives an optical parametric amplifier, generating a 900μJ, 28fs, 1440nm short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) pulse. This SWIR pulse is spectrally broadened and temporally compressed into a few-cycle pulse (400μJ, 16.5fs, 1530nm) via a hollow-core fiber compressor. The few-cycle SWIR pulse then drives the generation of attosecond soft X-ray high-harmonic radiation, with the maximum photon energy extending into the water window region (>300eV). The spectral resolution of the soft X-ray spectrometer is determined to be 334meV at 243eV. The remaining 800nm pump pulse from the OPA system is combined with the high-harmonic soft X-ray probe using a hole mirror, forming a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a time jitter of <10fs over one hour of data acquisition. This setup demonstrates the feasibility of performing time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy in a compact experimental configuration. Preliminary studies of transient absorption near the argon L-edge and carbon K-edge were conducted, establishing this system as a powerful tool for element-specific, time-resolved, and transition-channel-resolved investigations of electron dynamics.

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Zhou, Xian-Ming, Jing Wei, Rui Cheng, et al. "W L-shell X-ray emission induced by C6+ ions with several hundred MeV/u." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 11 (2022): 113201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20212322.

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The L-shell X-ray emission of tungsten is investigated under the bombardment of C6+ ions in a high energy range of 154—424 MeV/u. Compared with the atomic data, the energy of the X-ray is enlarged, and the relative intensity ratio of Lι, Lβ1,3,4 and Lβ2,15 to Lα1,2 X-rays are enhanced. The L-subshell and the total X-ray production cross section are calculated from a well corrected thick target formula and compared with the theoretical estimation of BEA, PWBA and ECPSSR. On the whole, the experimental cross sections are all smaller than the prediction of PWBA and ECPSSR, but in rough agreement with that of BEA. It is indicated that the inner-shell ionization of W can be considered as a binary process between the high energy C6+ ions acting as a point charge and the independent target electrons. With the L-shell ionization, the outer-shells are multiply ionized. The multi-ionization degree is approximately regard as a constant in the present work. This leads the X-ray energy to be blueshifted and the the relative intensity ratios of Lι and Lβ to Lα X-ray to be enhanced. Using the atomic parameters corrected by multi-ionization, the X-ray production cross section can be estimated by the BEA model.

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Sun Hai-Feng, Bao Wei-Min, Fang Hai-Yan, and Li Xiao-Ping. "Effect of stability of X-ray pulsar profiles on range measurement accuracy in X-ray pulsar navigation." Acta Physica Sinica 63, no. 6 (2014): 069701. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.63.069701.

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Li Yao-Zong, Zhang Xiao-An, Liang Chang-Hui, et al. "Au L X-ray and Xe M X-ray emission following 129Xe30+ ion impact on Au surface." Acta Physica Sinica 61, no. 6 (2012): 063201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.61.063201.

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Zhou, Xian-Ming, Jing Wei, Rui Cheng, et al. "K-shell x-ray of Al produced by collisions of ions with near Bohr velocities." Acta Physica Sinica 72, no. 1 (2022): 013402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20221628.

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X-ray emissionproduced by highly charged ions with the energy range near the Bohr velocity involves complicated atomic process. However, duo to the limitation of experimental conditions, the relevant researches are nearly absent. It is unclear whether the existing theory is applicable in such an energy range. This needs further exploring. In the present work, K X-ray spectra of Al excited by H+, He2+ and highly charged heavy ions I22+ and Xe20+ are investigated by using an Si drift X-ray detector in the energy range near the Bohr velocity. The X-ray production cross sections are extracted from the X-ray counts and compared with the theoretical simulations from PWBA, ECPSSR and modified BEA model. It is indicated that the cross section increases with the augment of projectile energy. With the same incident energy per nucleon, the cross section induced by highly charged heavy ions is a factor of about 104 larger than that by light ions . With the impact of H+ and He2+ ions, the K-shell electrons are mainly knocked off through the direct Coulomb ionization, and the X-ray emission cross section can be well predicted by ECPSSR theory. For the bombardment of highly charged heavy ions I22+ and Xe20+, except for the Coulomb ionization, the orbital electrons can also be excited by electron capture. The BEA simulation after being modified by both Coulomb repulsion and effective charge can well predict the x-ray production cross section.

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Haase, St, H. R. Krause, and F. Parsche. "Determing human body height from X-ray images of the skull." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 79, no. 3 (1992): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/79/1992/271.

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Xu Si-Wei, Wang Li, and Shen Xiang. "Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectra of GexSb20Se80-x Glasses." Acta Physica Sinica 64, no. 22 (2015): 223302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.64.223302.

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ZHOU GUO-LIANG, SHEN XIAO-LIANG, SHENG CHI, JIANG WEI-DONG, and YU MING-REN. "SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF GexSi1-x/Si SUPERLATTICE." Acta Physica Sinica 40, no. 1 (1991): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.40.56.

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Sabreen, S., S. Saiga, and MH Rahman. "Screening Forage Grasses with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Microanalysis." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 19, no. 2 (2022): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i2.57685.

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Breeding cool-season (C3) grasses with higher magnesium (Mg) content is a promising attempt for reducing grass tetany hazard in ruminants. Faster methods for plant mineral analyses could increase the number of individual plants screened for higher Mg content (High-Mg). This study evaluates the effectiveness of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) as well as energy reflectance X-ray spectrometry (XRF) for screening high-Mg grass genotypes. The approach was verified by using two tall fescue cultivars having known differences in magnesium (Mg) content, viz. HiMag (high-Mg cultivar) and Ky-31 (control cultivar). We assumed that cultivars with known variation in Mg concentrations could provide a test for the applicability of the new methodology in finding naturally occurring high and low Mg containing grass genotypes. Plants samples included a population of 8 plants consisting of four harvests for three years and were analyzed for Mg, calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) by EDX and ERF, and data were verified with atomic absorption spectrometry wet (AAS). While observing the frequency distribution for different nutrient concentrations, HiMag tall fescue showed higher Mg and lower K concentrations than that of Ky-31. There was positive linear relationship between AAS and EDX estimated Mg, Ca and K (r = 0.88, 0.62 and 0.89, respectively), indicating close agreement between AAS and EDX estimation. Also, there was a positive linear relationship between AAS and XRF, as the r values were 0.87, 0.65 and 0.88 for Mg, Ca, and K, respectively. The tetany ration was established for EDX and XRF and the results were dependable with wet chemistry. SAARC J. Agric., 19(2): 245-256 (2021)

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Qiu Yuan-Yuan, Yang Yu-Jun, Guo Ying-chun, and Wang Bing-Bing. "The single-photon Compton scattering process of bound electrons in intense laser fields is studied by using frequency-domain theory." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 15 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250483.

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Compton scattering is defined as an inelastic scattering process in which the interaction between strong laser fields and electrons in matter leads to photon emission. In recent years, with the rapid development of X-ray free-electron lasers, the intensity of X-ray lasers has steadily increased, and the photon energy in Compton scattering process has risen correspondingly. Previous studies have focused on single-photon Compton scattering of free electrons. However, the mechanisms of non-relativistic X-ray photon scattering by bound electrons remain to be elucidated. To address this, we develop a frequency-domain theory based on non-perturbative quantum electrodynamics to investigate single-photon Compton scattering of bound electrons in strong X-ray laser fields. Our results show that the double-differential probability of Compton backscattering decreases with increasing incident photon energy. This work establishes a connection between Compton scattering and atomic ionization in high-frequency intense laser fields, thereby establishing a platform for studying atomic structure dynamics under high-intensity laser conditions.

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Zhao Xiao-Long, Kang Xue, Chen Liang, et al. "Study of ZnO photoconductive X-ray detector." Acta Physica Sinica 63, no. 9 (2014): 098502. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.63.098502.

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SUN JING-WEN. "PULSE CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE OF X-RAY DETECTOR." Acta Physica Sinica 35, no. 7 (1986): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.35.864.

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Zhao Yong-Tao, Xiao Guo-Qing, Zhang Xiao-An, et al. "The x-ray spectra of hollow atoms." Acta Physica Sinica 54, no. 1 (2005): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.54.85.

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Zhu Pei-Ping, Yuan Qing-Xi, Huang Wan-Xia, et al. "Principles of X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging." Acta Physica Sinica 55, no. 3 (2006): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.55.1089.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AWS X-Ray'

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