Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien'
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Débarges, Béatrice. "L'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien dans la fibromyalgie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6665.
Full textLesage, Jean. "Conséquences d'une exposition prénatale à la morphine sur l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien du rat nouveau-né." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-259.pdf.
Full textLa surrénalectomie maternelle, pratiquée avant le début de traitement à la morphine, previent les effets de cette drogue sur l'axe corticotrope du nouveau-né et sur la fonction glucocorticoi͏̈de des surrénales, mais non sur la fonction minéralocorticoi͏̈de. Ces études suggèrent qu'une exposition prénatale à la morphine a, chez le nn, deux conséquences majeures : - une inhibition de l'activité de l'axe corticotrope, qui se traduit par une atrophie surrénalienne et une réduction de la fonction glucocorticoi͏̈de dépendante de la corticostérone maternelle. - une hyperstimulation de la fonction minéralocorticoi͏̈de surrénalienne, indépendante des hormones surrénaliennes maternelles. Ces altérations pourraient, au moins en partie, se retrouver chez des enfants de mères toxicomanes
Fournier, Sébastien. "L'élévation chronique de corticostérone augmente la réponse ventilatoire à l'hypoxie chez les rats adultes mâles et femelles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19149.
Full textBarat, Pascal. "Activité et réactivité de l'axe corticotrope en fonction de la distribution de la masse grasse dans l'obésité." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21395.
Full textAdipose tissue is an endocrine tissue involved in the glucocorticoids metabolism. We performed two clinical studies in premenopausal obese women and in prepubertal obese children showing associations between hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis activity and reactivity and fat mass distribution, indepently of the degree of obesity. The study of glucocorticoid receptor gene and cortisol binding globulin gene polymorphisms showed their potential role as modulator in some of these associations. In Zucker rat, androgens tonically increase 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in liver and adipose tissue in male rats, and are required for the dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity
Lachuer, Joël. "Hormones et neurotransmission centrale : régulation par les glucocorticoïdes de l'activité basale et évoquée des systèmes catécholaminergiques ponto-bulbaires et de l'axe corticotrope : étude comparative." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1T025.
Full textGuyon, Aurore. "Manque de sommeil et maladies métaboliques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10277/document.
Full textVoluntary sleep restriction is increasingly common in modern socities. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that sleep loss may be a risk factor for obesity and type 2 diabetes. First, since the modifications in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity may underlie the relationship between sleep loss and metabolic diseases, 1 evaluated the effect of 2 short nights on this system in healthy lean young men. We showed that 2 nights of 4h in bed impaired spontaneous activity and the reactivity of the HPA axis and that the magnitude of these alterations was related of the severity of sleep loss. 1n a second step, 1 sought to determine if sleep extension could have a beneficial effect in young obese short sleepers. Our preliminary results showed that, by a simple bedtime extension, obese subjects usually sleeping 6h were able to sleep 8h, a duration associated with the lowest risk obesity risk in epidemiological studies. Moreover, their appetite for sweets and fat food, and snacking were decreased, the levels of pancreatic polypeptide, an anorexigenic hormone, were increased and the more they slept, the less they consumed calories at an ad libitum buffet. This work highlights the importance of getting enough sleep to maintain a good metabolic health and suggest that sleep optimization may have implications for novel public health interventions
Mouren, Patrice. "La des-tyrosyl gamma endorphine : effets neuroendocriniens (mélatonine, catécholamines, axe corticotrope) et passage à travers la barrière hémato-encéphalique des endorphines de la série gamma après injection périphérique, chez le rat." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1T024.
Full textRichard, Elodie Marie. "Rôle de la CBG dans la variabilité de l'axe corticotrope et le développement de l'obésité." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21347.
Full textThis thesis work was aimed to study the role of CBG in the variability of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and the development of obesity after a QTL analysis. To go further in this study, we wanted to create rodent transgenic models of CBG over-expression (classical transgenesis, injection of virus particles) and ablation of expression. We have not be able to create a model of over-expression. However, in the total CBG knock-out mice that we have obtained, our data show that lack of CBG leads to an adaptation in secretion of glucocorticoids. The in-depth analysis of this model as well as the construction of a tissue-specific knock-out offer new prospects for HPA analysis and the role of CBG. Also, an association study between a polymorphism of CBG and obesity in humans has given us some new elements about CBG association with obesity. Finally, during these experiments, two isoforms of CBG were discovered and analysed in vitro
Milet, Aude. "Approches génétiques du rôle du récepteur des glucocorticoïdes dans la modulation des comportements émotionnels." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066478.
Full textMimouni, Jamal. "Influence du stress sur le comportement et sur l'aminotransférase de la tyrosine hépatique chez le rat : effets de traitements par la tyrosine, par un antidépresseur, ou par un immunomodulateur." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10125.
Full textGouarné, Caroline. "Variations de sensibilité tissulaire aux glucocorticoi͏̈des chez les sujets entraînés en endurance : conséquences et mécanismes." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20062.
Full textThe corticotrope axis is implicate in physiological adaptations to training and may be involved in the physiopathology of overtraining and training fatigue. Most studies have examined the adaptation of corticotrope axis to training by measuring only plasma cortisol concentrations. The aim of this work was to examine more precisely cortisol action on the target-tissue taking into account the measure tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids and the accessibility of cortisol at its tissue receptors. We demonstrated 1) in endurance trained-men in vitro variations in sensitivity of monocytes to glucocorticoids in response to training and muscular exercise; 2) the role of 11ß-HSD in the variation of intracellular concentration of cortisol; 3) that the cortisol/cortisone ratio (which reflects inter-conversion of cortisol into cortisone) could be a hormonal marker of persistent training fatigue and may be used to assess the risk to develop an overtraining syndrome
Perreau, Virginie. "Etude biochimique et moléculaire des récepteurs des corticostéroides chez les porcs Meishan et Large White." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28452.
Full textChennaoui, Mounir. "Implications du système sérotoninergique et interactions avec l'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien dans les processus de fatigue induits par l'exercice physique chronique chez le rat : rôle de la 5-HT-moduline." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T059.
Full textOur studies have evidenced a decrease in auto and heterorcceptors 5-HT 1B sensitivity in substantia nigra of rat submitted to two different treadmill training (i. E. , moderate and intensive). An effect probably linked to a decrease in their functional activity. This 5-HT1B autoreceptors desensitization during a prolonged physical training could probably induce an increase in the forebrain 5-HT release. Our study, using in vivo intracerebral microdialysis method, has shown a signiticant increase in hippocampal and cortical 5-HT release during an acute intensive exercise. Different mechanisms have been proposed in order to justly the observed 5-HT 1B reccptors desensitization. The first hypothesis lied on the potential role played by glucocorticoids. However, as adrenalectomization in rats induced a decrease in 5-HT 1B receptors sensitivity, we could suggest that our results discarded, in part, the glucocorticoids hypothesis. Ln contrary, glucocorticoids seem to prevent the exercise-induced 5-HT1B receptors desensitization. For instance, the precise mechanism involved in the exercise-induced 5-HT1B receptors desensitization is not enlightened and it could arise from several origins. The second hypothesis lied on the possible role of 5-HT-moduline, an endogen tetrapeptide (leu-ser-ala-leu), which specifically interact with 5-HT1B receptors as a non-competitive antagonist. This peptide induces a 5-HT 1B receptors desensitization. Our results shown a significant increase in hippocampal 5-HT-moduline tissue-content after an intensive training, in rats. This increase combined with a significant 5-HT1B receptors desensitization, promote a possible regulation by 5-HT-moduline. Moreover a long-term mechanism of regulation such as genetic expression, could be involved in the 5-HT1B receptors desensitization. Our results shown that physical exercise induces site-dependent differences in 5-HT1B m-RNA expression, in brain. As there is any diiTerence in 5-HT1B m-RNa expression in striatum, we could suggest that a post-transcriptional mechanism exist. Thus, 5-HT-moduline is probably a major component in exercise-elicited 5-HT1B receptors desensitization. 5-HT-moduline pharmacology, via a 5-HT1B receptors modulation, could play an interesting role in human therapeutic for mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress and the central fatigue phenomena linked to physical overtraining
Brureau, Anthony. "Effet de l’injection intracérébroventriculaire du peptide Aβ 25-35 chez le rat mâle adulte au cours du temps : toxicité amyloïde et implication dans la dérégulation de l’axe Hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20079.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and seniles plaques. The major component of senile plaques is the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). In a first part of this thesis, we characterized the time course toxicity effect of the Aβ25-35 intracerebroventricular (icv) injection in the rat brain. We particulary demonstrated, that only one injection induced memories impairments at short and long term which persisted six weeks after the icv injection. We also shown, a sustain astrogliosis and microgliosis, oxidative stress, apoptotics processes in the differents brain structure of interest.In a second part of this thesis, we characterized the time course impact of Aβ25-35 on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during the time. First, we demonstrated an the hyperactivity of the axis, which is characterized by modifications of hormonal concentration associated with modification of the expression and localization of glucocorticoids (GC) receptors. We also demonstrated Aβ25-35 an anxious behavioural in animals. Nevertheless, the functionality of negative feedback is not modified. However, Aβ25-35 injection modify the HPA axis reactivity after acute stress. In conclusions, we shown, in a pathomimetic model of AD that the Aβ25-35 toxicity modifes the reactivity and the functionality of HPA axis, that could be partly involved in the pathophysiology of AD
Mourlon, Vanessa. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de séparation mère/nouveau-né chez le rat pour l'étude de symptômes dépressifs." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P601.
Full textEarly life adverse experiences can lead to a vulnerability to the development of psychopathologies in adulthood like addiction, anxiety or depressives disorders. In spite of the fact that prevalence of depression is two-fold more important in females than in males, few animal models based on a postnatal stress include females. The aim of this work is to characterize an original model of maternal deprivation as an animal model of depressive-like symptoms at adulthood in the Long-Evans male and female rats, and taking into account the estrous cycle. In males, maternal deprivation seems insufficient to induce by itself depressive-like symptoms. In females, long-term effects induced by maternal deprivation appear complex and dependant on the hormonal status. These results highlight the importance of considering the hormonal status in drug therapy among depressive women, and thus to better tailor the treatments. Additionally, application of appropriate precipitating factors could allow us to use this model in research of novel therapeutics
Poulin, Anne-Marie. "Rôle du thalamus médian dorsal dans la régulation de l'axe hypophyso-cortico-surrénalien et le comportement alimentaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25474/25474.pdf.
Full textTherrien, Fanny. "Caractérisation du lien entre le statut pondéral et l'axe corticotrope : contribution de la distribution du tissu adipeux et des comportements alimentaires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24566/24566.pdf.
Full textBarbazanges, Arnaud. "Contribution à l'étude des conséquences neurobiologiques de manipulations de l'environnement maternel périnatal." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28531.
Full textMairesse, Jérôme. "Le Stress prénatal altère la plasticité cérébrale chez le rat mâle adulte." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10164.
Full textAouizerate, Bruno. "Hormones glucocorticoïdes et vulnérabilité aux drogues d'abus : rôle des récepteurs aux corticostéroïdes de type II (ou glucocorticoi͏̈des)." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28746.
Full textSinet, Flore. "Rôle de la néoglucogenèse intestinale dans les comportements émotionnels." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1196.
Full textType 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder are major health concerns, which are highly comorbid. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, associated with elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids, was suggested to be a common mechanism for those pathologies. The hypothalamus, which mainly regulates the HPA axis, is a key integrative center, playing a role in both metabolic and emotional processes. By targeting hypothalamic nuclei, intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) exerts beneficial effects against the development of type 2 diabetes through the stimulation of the vagal and spinal nerves. We therefore evaluated whether IGN, via the hypothalamus, may represent a putative common regulator of metabolic and emotional disorders.In the absence of IGN, mice exhibited HPA axis dysregulation along with decreased glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback (due to molecular modifications), highlighted by hypercortisolism and glucocorticoid resistance. Using behavioral and molecular studies, we demonstrated that mice lacking IGN displayed phenotypic and neurobiological hallmarks of anxiety/depression-like state. Rescuing IGN by portal glucose infusion reversed neurobiological alterations of the HPA axis. Induction of IGN by a protein-enriched diet had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Together, these data raise the possibility that IGN by targeting hypothalamus, controls metabolism and, via the HPA axis, emotional behavior
Leonhardt, Marion. "Conséquences neuroendocriennes et métaboliques d'une sous-nutrition maternelle périnatale chez le rat." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/21b2f981-03b3-4580-bee6-9c6342089656.
Full textLouvart, Hélène. "Études comportementales et neuroendocriniennes d'un modèle animal de l'état de stress post-traumatique : influence du stress prénatal." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-192.pdf.
Full textGiovine, Angela. "Prenatal stress in rat, an animal model of depression : brain plasticity, circadian disorders and new antidepressants." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10027/document.
Full textIt is recognized that exposure to an adverse environment during foetal period may have lifelong programming effects on different body functions with a considerable impact on disease susceptibility. The stressors occurring during pregnancy can impair biological and behavioural response to stress during adulthood. Prenatal restraint stress (PRS) in rat is a well-documented model of early stress known to induce long-term neurobiological and behavioural alterations and it is a validated model to study anxiety and depression like-behaviours. This work tries both to better characterise the phenotype of PRS rats in regard to circadian rhythms (locomotor activity and sleep/wake cycle) and hippocampal neuroplasticity and to test the capability of two antidepressants to reverse the alterations induced by PRS.Significant phase advances in circadian rhythms of locomotor activity were observed in PRS rats compared to controls, also after an abrupt shift of L/D cycle. The sleep/wake cycle of PRS was significantly more erratic and fragmented compared to controls. Brain plasticity (hippocampal neurogenesis, mGlu receptors expression, protein expression) was reduced by PRS. However antidepressants treatment was able to reverse the PRS abnormalities and to back to the level of the control group the parameters considered. Those observations both reinforce the idea of a general homeostatic dysfunction in animals exposed to prenatal stressful events that might partially explain some of their abnormal hormonal/behavioural response to stress and could increase the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the long-term effects of early life manipulations
Benlakehal, Ryma. "Study of maternal-mediated mechanisms in the epigenetic programming induced by maternal stress : Transgenerational transmission and oxytocin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS105.
Full textAdverse environmental factors play a major role in health and disease development, among these factors is stress, especially when it occurs during critical periods, such as the perinatal period (prenatal and postnatal), it increases maternal glucocorticoids and reduces maternal behavior, leading to maladaptive programming in the offspring. Using the perinatal stress (PRS) model in rats, my PhD project aimed to investigate the transmission of PRS-induced deficits through the maternal line to subsequent generations via intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance, and to uncover the mechanisms of multigenerational transmission via activation of the oxytocinergic system through postpartum treatment of the stressed mother. This study is the first to examine the transmission as well as the reversal of PRS deficits through multiple generations. Thus, we explored the corrective effect of enhancing maternal behavior through oxytocinergic activation using an oxytocin analog (carbetocin: CBT; injected intraperitoneally and intranasally) or an alternative approach via the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri (administered in drinking water) which is known to display oxytocinergic activity. Our findings revealed that gestational stress in F0 dams reduced maternal care over three generations until F2 dams. Additionally, stressed dams showed a disturbed stress/anti-stress balance and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, characterized by increased corticosterone levels (CORT) and reduced oxytocin (OT) in the plasma. Moreover, stressed mothers exhibited reduced OT levels and its receptor OTR in the hypothalamus, alongside increased BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and its isoforms. These maternal changes led to disturbances in the offspring, including impaired risk-taking behavior in the Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and an imbalance in the HPA axis, persisting transgenerationally up to the F3 offspring. This was accompanied by neurochemical changes in the hippocampus of the PRS offspring, including increased BDNF and reduced MR (mineralocorticoid receptors), GR (glucocorticoid receptors), and mGluR2/R3 (metabotropic glutamate 2 and 3 receptors) up to the F2 generation. Overall, robust correlations were highlighted between early-life exposure in mothers and changes in offspring over multiple generations. Remarkably, both intraperitoneal and intranasal CBT successfully increased peripheral OT levels in F0 treated dams with consequent enhancement of maternal care which in turn rescued all the behavioral and neurochemical deficits studied in the PRS offspring which persisted up to the F2 generation. We also provided groundbreaking evidence of L. reuteri action on maternal behavior in the stressed dams with associated elevation of OT levels in both plasma and hypothalamus and normalization of hypothalamic BDNF levels to those of control unstressed dams. Again, the reversal of maternal behavior deficit induced by L. reuteri benefited the PRS offspring.This study underscored the importance of maternal care and the postpartum period, and oxytocinergic activation appears to exert beneficial effects through a mechanism involving the stress/anti-stress balance and the OT/BDNF interplay. Together, these findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating the effects of early-life stress and improving the health of the mother-infant dyad
Guinot, Michel. "Suivi endocrininen des sportifs de haut niveau : axes hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien et somatotrope et remodelage osseux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10247.
Full textAL THOUGH REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEADS TO NUMEROUS HEAL TH BENEFITS, ELITE SPORTSMAN HAS FREQUENTLY BEHAVIORS WHOSE ARE HEALTH RISK. USE OF HORMONAL DRUGS (CORTICOSTEROIDS, GROWYH HORMONE) AND EATING DISORDERSIS SPECIALL Y COULD IMPAIR HYPOTHALMO PITUIT ARYAXIS, SOMATOTROPE AXIS AND BONE REMODELING. THE AlM OF THIS WORK WAS TO DRAW UP A STATE OF KNWOLEDGE OF THE PHYSIOPATHOLGY OF THESE AXES WITH PLASMATIC MEASURES SINCE THIS HAD BEEN LITTLE STUDIED lN ELITE SPORTSMEN. SO, LOWER BASAL PLASMA CORTISOL VALUES WERE HIGHLY PREDICTIVE OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND MIRRORED A RECENT CORTICOSTEROID USE. MOREOVER, THIS RECORDING WAS strengthENED BY 90% OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN SPORTSME WHO UNDERWENT A PERIOR INTRAARTICULAR CORTICOSTEROID INFILTRATION. CONVERSELY, IT IS DIFFICUL TO KNOW IF HIGH PLASMA CORTISOL VALUES ARE THE CONCERN OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS TO INTENSIVE SPORT PRATICE OR OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS (CALORIC DEFICIENCY OR DOPING). BASAL SOMATOTROPE AXIS ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT CATEGORY OF SPORTSMEN REVEALED THAT THE MEANS VALUES WERE CLOSED TO THOSE OF NON SPORTSMEN OF THE SAME AGE; THE STUDY WHICH W AS PERFORMED lN ELITE CYCLISTS WOMEN SHOWED THAT THE BONE MINERAL DENSITY WAS ALMOST THE SAME AS THIS WAS EXPECTED lN GENERAL POPULATION. SO, TESTING BASL HORMONAL FUNCTION IS RELEVANT IN THE MEDICAL FOLLOW UP OF ELITE SPORTSMEN. EACH ABNORMAL VALUE HAS TO BE REGARDED AS A PATHOLOGICAL VALUE, SPECIALLY INDUCED BY DRUGS AND/OR EATING DISORDERS
Couroussé, Thomas. "Rôle du transporteur de cations organiques 2 dans la réponse et la vulnérabilité au stress." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P625.
Full textInteractions between genetic and environmental factors like exposure to stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of mood-related psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder. The polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCTs) were shown previously to be sensitive to the stress hormone corticosterone in vitro, suggesting these transporters might play a physiological role in the response to stress. During my PhD thesis I investigated the role of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) during stress and vulnerability to depression. OCT2 is expressed in several stress-related circuits in the brain and along the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Genetic deletion of OCT2 in mice enhanced hormonal response to acute stress (156%) without altering adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). As a consequence, OCT2-/- mice were potently more sensitive to the action of unpredictable chronic mild stress and developed a transient aggravation of depression-related behaviors involving spatial memory and social interaction. We showed that the functional state of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway, highly responsive to acute stress, was altered in the hippocampus of OCT2-/- mice. In vivo pharmacology and Western blot experiments argue for increased serotonin tonus as a main mechanism for impaired GSK3β signaling in OCT2-/- mice brain during acute response to stress. Our findings identify OCT2 as an important determinant of the response to stress in the brain, suggesting that in man OCT2 mutations or blockade by certain therapeutic drugs could interfere with HPA axis function and enhance vulnerability to repeated adverse events leading to stress-related disorders
Khemissi, Wahid. "Etude de la dérégulation de l'axe HPA dans la création d'une résistance aux antidépresseurs et son implication dans la prolifération cellulaire et la neurogénèse hippocampique." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4030.
Full textOne-third of depressed patients included in clinical trials do not respond to antidepressant treatment. Dysregulation of the HPA axis and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis are the main factors of resistance to antidepressants. The objective of this work is to develop a model of resistance to antidepressant related to the HPA axis and to use this model to understand the underlying mechanisms. Our results suggest that dysregulation of negative feedback of the HPA axis at the beginning of the protocol can be a predictor of antidepressant treatment failure in depression. Our protocol shows that the failure of fluoxetine to induce antidepressant effects was associated with poor ability of compounds to stimulate cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Further studies are needed to investigate the causal relationship between these phenomena
Van, Waes Vincent. "Vulnérabilité à l'éthanol chez le rat adolescent et adulte." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10006.
Full textIn rats, exposure to prenatal stress leads to a greater vulnerabiliy to several drugs of abuse (i.e. psychostimulants and opiates). The aim of the present work was to examine the impact of a prenatal stress (restraint stress of the pregnant dam) on ethanol vulnerability in adolescent and adult rats. Two distinct aspects of the vulnerability were evaluated : 1) the individual differences in the ethanol sensitivity: 2) the spontaneous consumption of ethanol Prenatally stressed rats were less sensitive than control rats to the effects of an ethanol injection during adolescence at the hormonal (HPA. axis activation) and neural (antioxidant defences in the hippocampus) levels. A chronic ethanol treatment induces memory impairments in control rats, whereas it has a beneficial effect on memory in rat subjected to a prenatal stress. These opposite effects could be mediated by the differential modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors' levels in the hippocampus reported after the ethanol exposure. Prenatal stress has no impact on ethanol preference in isolated male rats. However. a chronic êlhanol treatment increased selectively the [Delta]FosB levels. a transcription factor involved in the vulnerability to drugs consumption, in the nucleus accumbens of prenatally stressed rats. Finally, we observed in female rats interplay between prenatal stress and rearing conditions on the ethanol consumption. Together, these data indicate that prenatal stress, in interaction with other experimental factors, can affect the ethanol sensitivity and consumption. They stress the importance to consider early life events in the study of the addictive behaviour genesis
Tanti, Arnaud. "Régulation différentielle de la neurogenèse le long de l'axe septo-temporal de l'hippocampe : implications pour la contribution fonctionnelle des nouveaux neurones dans pathophysiologie de la dépression." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4032/document.
Full textHippocampal newborn neurons contribute to some extent to the therapeutic effects of antidepressants. Mechanisms involved in this contribution remain however elusive. By increasing the recruitment of newborn neurons antidepressants could improve several hippocampal functions and thus allow remission. Here we demonstrate that newborn neurons may contribute to the therapeutic effects of antidepressants by allowing the recovery of a proper hippocampal inhibitory feedback over the HPA axis, possibly by normalizing the communication between the hippocampus and stress integrative structures mediating its inhibitory influence, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Hippocampal functions are however topographically segregated along its septo-temporal axis. Here we show that different mood-improving manipulations differentially regulate neurogenesis along this septo-temporal axis. This suggest different region-specific mechanisms involved in the regulation of neurogenesis and that newborn neurons may contribute to the therapeutic effects of antidepressants by modulating different aspects of hippocampal functions
Couture, Sophie. "Réactivité du cortisol chez des récidivistes de la conduite avec les capacités affaiblies par l'alcool face à une procédure standardisée d'induction de stress." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18177.
Full textCouture, Sophie. "La détermination d’un sous-groupe de contrevenants de la conduite avec capacités affaiblies à risque élevé de récidive : l’utilité de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8543.
Full textAmong driving while impaired (DWI) offenders, the risk of recidivism varies greatly. In order to overcome the heterogeneity among this population, the present thesis proposed a renewed conceptualization of DWI. More specifically, a model integrating disinhibitory personality traits and high-risk behaviours associated with DWI recidivism and the categorization of a high-risk subgroup of offenders based on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity has been proposed. Three manuscripts aimed to answer these general objectives using salivary cortisol, that is, the stress hormone. In the first manuscript, the current HPA axis literature of DWI offenders and other high-risk populations have been merged into a comprehensive theoretical model. Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse correlation between DWI convictions frequency and cortisol reactivity to stress. Among recidivists, cortisol reactivity was partially explained by experience seeking, a sensation seeking dimension. Beyond this disinhibitory personality trait, low HPA axis activity has been linked to various traits (e.g., impulsivity and antisocial tendencies) and high-risk behaviours (e.g., traffic infractions, criminal arrests, and psychoactive drugs). By incorporating cortisol reactivity, this model stimulates a thorough conceptualization of several DWI offenders’ characteristics and as such, explains hypothetically repetition of high-risk behaviours. The following manuscripts are less theoretical and more empirical. The detection of a high-risk recidivism subgroup delineated with HPA axis activity has been investigated among two DWI offender populations. More specifically, the second manuscript hypothesized that among DWI recidivists (n = 30), low cortisol responders have more characteristics linked to recidivism such as disinhibitory personality traits and high-risk behaviours than high cortisol responders (as defined by the area under the curve sensitive to total hormonal release and to response to stimulation). This hypothesis was not supported. On the contrary, low cortisol DWI recidivists have less traffic infractions and criminal arrests than high cortisol recidivists. Finally, the third manuscript investigated a similar hypothesis but this time, among first-time DWI offenders (n = 139). Results demonstrated that low cortisol offenders have more attentional impulsiveness, non-planning impulsiveness, criminal arrests and cigarettes consumed per day than high cortisol offenders (as defined by post-stress minus pre-test episode). An exploratory analysis showed a more prevalent variety of disinhibitory personality trait and high-risk behaviours among low cortisol offenders compared to a non-DWI comparator group (n = 31). These results reinforce the potentially higher recidivism risk of this first-time DWI offenders subgroup. Neurobiological mechanism usefulness in modelling disinhibitory personality trait and high-risk behaviours of DWI offenders has been investigated in the present thesis. Additionally, detection of a high-risk recidivism subgroup seems more relevant among heterogeneous first-time DWI offenders. Instead, HPA axis activity is not as useful in detecting a problematic subgroup among the most severe offenders, namely recidivists.
Millette, Caroline. "Les effets d’un traitement au corticostérone sur la transmission dopaminergique mésocorticale du rat en période de stress." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3130.
Full textThe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays an essential role in responding and adapting to stress, however overactivation of this axis or chronically high levels of glucocorticoids lead to pathological outcomes. The mesocortical dopamine (DA) system, terminating in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), plays an adaptive role in protecting against stress, yet the functional interactions between glucocorticoids (eg. corticosterone) and the mesocortical DA system are not clear. In the present studies, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on prefrontal DA function using osmotic minipumps to chronically elevate corticosterone levels in the high physiological range (1 mg/kg/hr for 7 days). Chronic corticosterone treatment did not significantly affect post mortem levels of DA and its metabolites in PFC tissue in either unstressed or stressed rats. However, using in vivo voltammetry to monitor changes in extracellular DA release in PFC, corticosterone significantly increased DA release in response to both types of stress examined, exposure to predator odor and tail pinch stress. We conclude that corticosterone indeed potentiates mesocortical DA function, which in turn facilitates negative feedback regulation in times of stress.