Academic literature on the topic 'Axial Direction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Axial Direction"
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Ko, Jeong Hoon, Kah Chuan Shaw, Sha Wei Tan, and Rong Ming Lin. "Surface Quality Improvement in Meso-Scale Milling with Spindle Axial Directional Ultrasonic Vibration Assistance." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.508.
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So far, the industrial application of ultrasonic vibration assistance has been successful in continuous machining process such as turning process where ultrasonic vibration velocity is much higher than cutting velocity. Recently, vibration assistance has been experimentally investigated to the intermittent milling process mainly for feed and cross- feed directions. This paper focuses on the effect of ultrasonic vibration assistance in spindle axial direction for improvement of machined surface. With the designed ultrasonic vibration assisted milling process with 39.7 kHz and a few micro-meter amplitudes, workpiece vibrates along spindle axial direction while different RPMs and feed rates are applied. The axial directional vibration assistance acts as additional cutting motion which further reduces the leftover surface error. Experimental results validate that surface roughness can be improved from 20 % to 65 % for the tested conditions. Apparently chatter marks of the milling process are reduced with the help of the axial ultrasonic vibration assistance.
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Park, Jung Wan, Won Seok Jeon, and Hyun Seok Yang. "Estimation of a Pipe’s Features with In-Pipe Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1049.
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Most of pipelines are installed under the ground, so maintaining is one of the most critical issue. Furthermore, their own locations are difficult to be identified because of its environment. For those reason, identifying the location of pipelines is widely under the research with in-pipe robots. Most methods estimate the heading direction of pipe robots as the axial direction of pipelines. However, more detail research about the axial directions of pipelines is necessary because the defined directions are not always aligned with the heading direction of pipe robot. Therefore, this paper described the estimating method of pipeline radius and its axial direction relative the robot. The relative direction and radius of a pipe are estimated from location of contact points which is determined based on geometry. Geometric equation contains highly nonlinear term, so those are obtained by the numerical form instead of closed form. The suggested method is verified by an experiment approach. Since the real relative axial direction is hard to detect, the slope of pipes are computed from estimated value and inertial measurement unit attached to the robot. Estimated radius and slope have some error in discrete curved pipe, but estimated values are well matched under straight pipes condition.
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Kettunen, Pentti O., Taina Vuoristo, and Terho Kaasalainen. "Monotonic Strength Properties of Siberian Yellow Pine." Materials Science Forum 599 (September 2008): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.599.137.
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Strength values of the sapwood of Siberian yellow pine were measured in a system with orthogonal coordinates along the axial, radial, and tangential directions of the cell structure. Highest strength was the axial normal strength and lowest the tangential normal strength. The difference between these two values was 87-fold. Shear strength values remained between the two normal strength values. The highest shear strength appeared in tangential direction across the reinforcing fibers, i.e., on the plane perpendicular to the axial direction. Lowest shear strength appeared in tangential direction on the plane perpendicular to radial direction. The variations are due to orientation of cells and of fiber reinforcement in the cell wall laminas, especially in the middle layer of the secondary cell wall.
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MORARIU, Gheorghe, and Otilia CROITORU. "THE RESONANCE FREQUENCY CORRECTION IN CYLINDRICAL CAVITIES IN AXIAL DIRECTION." Review of the Air Force Academy 14, no. 2 (2016): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2016.14.2.13.
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Park, Yedo, and Chang Bo Oh. "Computational Study on the Effect of Aspect Ratio of High-Pressure Hydrogen Tank on Explosion Characteristics." Fire Science and Engineering 39, no. 2 (2025): 35–43. https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.a6b970b8.
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The explosion characteristics of 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen tanks with varying aspect ratios were investigated using OpenFOAM computation. The tank volume (175 L) and stored hydrogen mass (7.26 kg) were fixed, and four tank geometries with aspect ratios ranging from 1.0 (spherical) to 10.0 (elongated) were analyzed to examine the spatial and temporal distributions of the overpressure and impulse. The results show that, as the aspect ratio increases, the initial blast wave pressure propagates more strongly in the radial direction than in the axial direction. In the radial and axial directions, the peak overpressure and impulse rapidly decrease with distance, followed by a secondary increase owing to the pressure reflected from the ground. The reflected pressure increases with the aspect ratio in the radial direction but decreases in the axial direction. Moreover, the blast wave dissipates more quickly in the axial direction as the aspect ratio increases, resulting in lower reflected and peak pressures. These findings highlight the significant impact of tank geometry on explosion behavior and offer valuable insights for safe design and mitigation strategies of hydrogen infrastructure.
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Luo, Yixi, Hu Hong, and Raul Fangueiro. "TENSILE AND TEARING PROPERTIES OF BI-AXIAL WARP KNITTED COATED FABRICS." AUTEX Research Journal 8, no. 1 (2008): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2008-080104.
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Abstract Based on uni-axial tensile testing, the performances of bi-axial warp knitted PET/PVC flexible composites has been analyzed in seven in-plane directions, i.e., 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75° and 90°. The crack propagation of each sample has been observed and analyzed by evaluating the influence of the crack length and direction under uni-axial testing. The results show that bi-axial warp knitted coated fabrics present a strong orthotropic behavior and that the tearing strength depends on the initial crack orientation and length. Regardless of the crack length and orientation, the propagation is always perpendicular to the tensile loading direction.
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Hao, Long, Dongjiang Han, Wei Zhao, Qingjun Zhao, and Jinfu Yang. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Axial Rub Impact Dynamic Characteristics of Flexible Rotor Supported by Hybrid Gas Bearings." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 40, no. 3 (2021): 1252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348420986645.
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Gas bearings are widely used in micro- and small turbomachinery. Because of the pursuit of high efficiency, turbomachinery adopts small clearance of rotor and stator. The gas bearing rotor system easily suffers from rub impact due to the inherently low damping and load capacity of gas film. Axial rub impact may lead to catastrophic failure of gas bearing rotor system. Previous work put emphasis on radial rub, and only a few papers researched on the axial rub impact by simulation method. In this paper, dynamic responses of full annular axial rub are investigated numerically and experimentally. A single span flexible rotor test rig is established to support this research. Dynamic characteristics of full annular axial rub of this gas bearing rotor system are obtained with finite element language-APDL. Dynamic characteristics within full speed range are experimentally researched based on the test rig. The dynamic behaviors are analyzed by means of waterfall diagrams, frequency spectrums, orbit trails, and vibration amplitude waveforms. During speed up, half speed whirl and gas film oscillation occur in radial direction. During speed down, the full annular axial rub between rotor thrust disk and gas bearing occurs. When lightly axial rub impact happens, the vibration patterns in the radial direction change barely, and 0 Hz component appears in the axial direction. When serious full annular axial rub impact happens, 0 Hz component occurs in both radial and axial directions and rotor orbit shows transverse motion in radial direction. These forms of dynamic characteristics can be effectively used to diagnose the full annular axial rub impact.
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Shukla, Anoop Kumar, Niraj Nayan, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, S. C. Sharma, Kallol Mondal, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "On the Possibility of Occurrence of Anisotropy in Processing of Cu-CNT Composites by Powder Metallurgical Techniques." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.285.
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Copper - multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composite was processed by powder metallurgical processing technique. Pure copper powder and MWCNT were mechanically alloyed by high energy milling to produce Cu-MWCNT composite powder. The composite powder was subsequently consolidated by vacuum hot pressing. Characterization studies were conducted along axial (hot pressing direction) and radial (transverse) directions. Microstructural observations of the processed composite revealed random distribution of MWCNT in axial direction and aligned distribution in radial direction. The structure property correlation was established and it revealed certain degree of anisotropy in mechanical and electrical properties of the composite.
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Zhong, Wei Zhou, Xi Cheng Huang, Zhi Ming Hao, Ruo Ze Xie, and Gang Chen. "Investigation on Failure Mode of Spruce under Different Loading Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.556.
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Compression experiments of spruce along axial, radial and tangential loading directions are implemented by INSTRON equipment. Mechanical properties of spruce along three directions are gained. Spruce microscopic cell failure modes under axial, radial and tangential compression condition are observed by scan electron microscope. Results show that failure modes of spruce are fiber buckling and wrinkle when loading direction is along the grain. When loading direction is along radial or tangential across to the grain, failure modes are wood fiber slippage and delamination. Theory analytic solution to single wood cell failure under different direction compression is done. The obtained expression shows that mean limit loading is relative to yield stress, cell structure dimension and wrinkle length for complete wrinkle cases.
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Kruzina, T. V., S. A. Popov, Yu N. Potapovich, and A. S. Rutskyi. "Optical properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals." Journal of Physics and Electronics 27, no. 1 (2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/331906.
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We report some peculiarities of behavior of domain structure and birefringence ∆n of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals. Polarization-optical methods are used to study the domain structure and the birefringence ∆n in temperature interval 25°C÷520°C and axial pressure interval 2.5÷60 bar. Single domain state is achieved by application of axial pressure along [100] and [110] directions at temperature near 500°C. Application of axial pressure ~50 bar along [100] direction leads to switching of the samples into anisotropic single domain state. While application of axial pressure ~0.5 bar along [110] direction results in exposition of visually isotropic state and the state is preserved during a cooling process in temperature interval ~500°C÷240°C. In both cases the anisotropic single domain state is observed at room temperature. It is shown that f axial pressure (2.5÷25 bar) application along [110] direction at room temperature leads to a significant increase of the birefringence. It is supposed that both the peculiarities of Δn behavior and the linear behavior of Δn = f(p) are associated with presence of the nanoregions with various orientations of optical indicatrices and their involvement into the orientation process under the action of axial pressure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Axial Direction"
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Karlsson, Roger. "Theory and Applications of Tri-Axial Electromagnetic Field Measurements." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5916.
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Seo, Na Jin. "Biomechanical models of hand coupling for axial torque and push exertions effects of torque direction, hand-handle friction, and handle size on axial torque and push exertions for cylindrical handles." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991124189/04.
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Swalen, Marcel Johannes Petrus. "Study of a bi-directional axial flow blood pump." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6343.
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A common treatment for circulatory disorders is the application of rotary blood pumps to locally increase blood flow to required levels. Existing devices tend to support flow from inlet to outlet and in that direction only. This thesis presents a bi-directional pump that may enable ventricle assist devices (VAD) to support blood flow to the organs during systole, when rotating in one direction, and to increase coronary perfusion during diastole, when rotating in the other. For each flow direction blade profiles were designed and tested for performance. Both designs were merged to obtain a symmetric profile to provide flow support in both directions. This initial bi-directional design was optimised using computational fluid dynamics modelling. The model was set to accelerate to a maximum forward rotational speed of 8,000 rpm, change rotational direction after 300 ms and accelerate to 2,400 rpm whilst rotating backwards. Experimental testing was carried out to validate the computational results. In the forward direction, the pump was predicted to deliver 39 cm3 compared to 19 cm3 in the backward direction. Pressure heads reached maxima of 2.2 kPa in forward and 0.16 kPa in backward direction. Analysis of wall shear stress profiles at the blades’ surface showed that the maximum was 140 Pa lasting less than 300 ms in the forward direction, whilst in the backward direction this was approximately 23 Pa lasting for 700 ms. A design for the bi-directional blades is established and characterised computationally and experimentally. Analysis of the blade pressure profiles confirmed generation of pressure rise in both directions. The computational results for wall shear stress were predicted to be below the accepted limits of haemolysis. Recirculation zones were found at the outlet in the backward rotating direction. Future work may reduce those by using guide vanes at either side of the rotor.
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Watring, Dale A. (Dale Allen). "Effects of static axial magnetic fields on directional solidification of HgCdTe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33820.
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Levy, Nina Hannah. "Modelling multi-directional behaviour of piles using energy principles." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0211.
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The loads applied to pile foundations installed offshore vary greatly from those encountered onshore, with more substantial lateral and torsional loads. For combined axial and lateral loading the current design practice involves applying an axial load to a deep foundation and assessing the pile behaviour and then considering a lateral load separately. For the problem of an altering directions of lateral loads (e.g. due to changes in the wind directions acting on offshore wind turbines) a clear design procedure is not available. There is thus a need for a clearly established methodology to effectively introduce the interaction between the four different loading directions (two lateral, one axial and one torsional). In this thesis, a model is presented that introduces a series of Winkler elasto-plastic elements coupled between the different directions via local interaction yield surfaces along the pile. The energy based method that is used allows the soil-pile system to be defined explicitly using two equations: the energy potential and the dissipation potential. One of the most interesting applications of this model is to piles subjected to a change in lateral loading direction, where the loading history can significantly influence the pile behaviour. This effect was verified by a series of experimental tests, undertaken using the Geotechnical Centrifuge at UWA. The same theory was then applied to cyclic loading in two dimensions, leading to some very useful conclusions regarding shakedown behaviour. A theoretically based relationship was applied to the local yielding behaviour for a pile subjected to a combination of lateral and axial loading, allowing predictions to be made of the influence of load inclination on the pile behaviour. The ability of this model to represent interaction between four degrees of freedom allows a more realistic approach to be taken to this problem than that considered in current design practice.
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Michler, Le. "Entwicklung eines Versuchsstandes zur zweiaxialen Beanspruchung von textilbewehrtem Beton." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25129.
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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Versuchskonzept für zweiaxiale Zug-Zug-Versuche an textilbewehrten Betonscheiben behandelt. Diese Arbeit soll einen Beitrag leisten, die Kenntnisse aus dem Maschinenbau, der Mechanik in den Bereich der Bauingenieure und Baustoffe umzusetzen, um alle Effekte, die vom Versuchstand verursacht werden, öffentlich zu machen. Es ist ein Versuchskonzept zu erarbeiten, wie ein experimenteller Zug-Zug-Versuch optimal zu gestalten ist, um das Tragverhalten des textilbewehrten Betons genau zu ermitteln. Die Arbeit ist hauptsächlich in zwei Teile gegliedert. Der erster Teil befasst sich mit dem Thema „Versuchsvorbereitung“. Es beinhaltet folgende Hauptpunkte: • Der erste Punkt beschäftigt sich mit der Auswertung durchgeführter Versuche und deren Versuchsaufbauten. Hier werden Aspekte von der konstruktiven Auslegung der Rahmen bis zur Steuerung der Prüfmaschine behandelt. Es wird diskutiert, welche Effekte auf das Versuchsergebnis vom gewählten Hydrauliksystem bzw. von den Hydraulikzylinder und der Steuerung des Öldrucks ausgehen können. • Im zweiten Punkt wird eine Finite–Element–Simulationen durchgeführt, um die zweiaxialen Zug-Zug-Versuchskörper zu konzipieren. Mit Hilfe von einem Finite–Element– Programm, hier ATENA, wird die Probengeometrie mit den Randbedingungen des Versuchs nachgebildet und optimiert. • Der dritte Punkt beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Lasteinleitung“. Ein Konzept für die Verbindung und Kraftübertragung von Stahlplatten (Stahllasche) zur Lasteinleitung in „Beton“ soll entwickelt werden. • Der vierte Punkt beschreibt die gewählte Messmethode der Versuchsdurchführung, und wertet deren Potenzial und Möglichkeiten . Der zweiter Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreibt detailliert die fünf durchgeführten zweiaxialen Zug–Zug–Versuche an mit AR-Glas textilbewehrten Betonscheiben. Die textilbewehrten Betonscheiben werden am Rahmen der zweiaxialen Prüfmaschine eingehängt und zweiaxial mit jeweils konstantem Verhältnis der Beanspruchung in Zug–Zug Richtung belastet, um den Versuchstand zu erproben und auszutesten. Die Gedanken, Ergänzungen und Erkenntnisse der Autorin im Zusammenhang mit dem textilbewehrten Beton und die hier auftretenden Effekte werden auch in diesem Kapitel behandelt. Das Schlusskapitel der Arbeit beinhaltet die Zusammenfassung und den weiteren Ausblick. Aus diesem Anlass werden die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zusammengefasst<br>This doctoral thesis pertains to the conception for Bi–axial Tension–Tension Tests of thin textile reinforced concrete plates. This dissertation contributes to the application of mechanical engineering knowledge into the specific area of Material–Construction Engineering; all results obtained from experimental conditions will be released to the public. The conception of this testing regime is presented, as well as the manner in which an experimental Tension–Tension Test can optimally ascertain and accurately predict and describe load-bearing behaviour of textile reinforced concrete (TRC). This thesis is generally subdivided into two parts –“Test Preparation” and the detail of Bi-axial Tension-Tension testing on AR-Glass TRC plates. The “Test Preparation” component of this document includes the following four principal points. The first point is concerned with the assembly of testing equipment. Problems stemming from framework or lack of control over the testing machine are examined here. Negative effects on test results induced by the Hydraulic cylinder and related oil pressure are investigated and complemented in this section. The second point focuses on the numerical simulation used in order to determine the Bi–axial Tension–Tension Test samples. The specimen geometry given the testing boundary conditions was copied and optimized by means of a Finite–Element–Program (ATENA). The third point is concerned with the notion of “load application”. It was necessary to develop a premise for the loading transmission and connection between steel plates (steel mounting plates) and concrete cogs. The final point takes into account the methods used for measuring the Bi–axial Tension–Tension–test of this work. The second component present in this thesis describes in detail the five Bi–axial Tension–Tension–Tests conducted on AR–Glass TRC plates utilized to prove and ensure the accuracy of the experimental equipment. The TRC plate was built on frame of the bi-axial testing machine and received tensile loading in both directions. This loading relationship was held constant in both directions during the test. Furthermore, the author presents her own thoughts, as well as supplemental commentary, associated with textile reinforced concrete and the resulting experimental outcomes. The last chapter closes this doctoral thesis and includes the abstract of and further prospects for this study. All scientific cognitions are summarised in this chapter
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Michler, Le. "Entwicklung eines Versuchsstandes zur zweiaxialen Beanspruchung von textilbewehrtem Beton." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25142.
Full textAbstract:
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Versuchskonzept für zweiaxiale Zug-Zug-Versuche an textilbewehrten Betonscheiben behandelt. Diese Arbeit soll einen Beitrag leisten, die Kenntnisse aus
dem Maschinenbau, der Mechanik in den Bereich der Bauingenieure und Baustoffe umzusetzen, um alle Effekte, die vom Versuchstand verursacht werden, öffentlich zu machen. Es ist ein Versuchskonzept zu erarbeiten, wie ein experimenteller Zug-Zug-Versuch optimal zu gestalten ist, um das Tragverhalten des textilbewehrten Betons genau zu ermitteln. Die Arbeit ist hauptsächlich in zwei Teile gegliedert.
Der erster Teil befasst sich mit dem Thema „Versuchsvorbereitung“. Es beinhaltet folgende Hauptpunkte:
• Der erste Punkt beschäftigt sich mit der Auswertung durchgeführter Versuche und deren Versuchsaufbauten. Hier werden Aspekte von der konstruktiven Auslegung der Rahmen bis zur Steuerung der Prüfmaschine behandelt. Es wird diskutiert, welche Effekte auf das
Versuchsergebnis vom gewählten Hydrauliksystem bzw. von den Hydraulikzylinder und der Steuerung des Öldrucks ausgehen können.
• Im zweiten Punkt wird eine Finite–Element–Simulationen durchgeführt, um die zweiaxialen Zug-Zug-Versuchskörper zu konzipieren. Mit Hilfe von einem Finite–Element– Programm, hier
ATENA, wird die Probengeometrie mit den Randbedingungen des Versuchs nachgebildet und optimiert.
• Der dritte Punkt beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema „Lasteinleitung“. Ein Konzept für die Verbindung und Kraftübertragung von Stahlplatten (Stahllasche) zur Lasteinleitung in „Beton“ soll entwickelt werden.
• Der vierte Punkt beschreibt die gewählte Messmethode der Versuchsdurchführung, und wertet deren Potenzial und Möglichkeiten .
Der zweiter Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreibt detailliert die fünf durchgeführten zweiaxialen Zug–Zug–Versuche an mit AR-Glas textilbewehrten Betonscheiben. Die textilbewehrten Betonscheiben werden am Rahmen der zweiaxialen Prüfmaschine eingehängt und zweiaxial mit jeweils konstantem Verhältnis der Beanspruchung in Zug–Zug Richtung belastet, um den Versuchstand zu erproben und auszutesten. Die Gedanken, Ergänzungen und Erkenntnisse der
Autorin im Zusammenhang mit dem textilbewehrten Beton und die hier auftretenden Effekte werden auch in diesem Kapitel behandelt.
Das Schlusskapitel der Arbeit beinhaltet die Zusammenfassung und den weiteren Ausblick. Aus diesem Anlass werden die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zusammengefasst.<br>This doctoral thesis pertains to the conception for Bi–axial Tension–Tension Tests of thin textile reinforced concrete plates. This dissertation contributes to the application of mechanical engineering
knowledge into the specific area of Material–Construction Engineering; all results obtained from experimental conditions will be released to the public. The conception of this testing regime is presented, as well as the manner in which an experimental Tension–Tension Test can optimally ascertain and accurately predict and describe load-bearing behaviour of textile reinforced concrete (TRC). This thesis is generally subdivided into two parts –“Test Preparation” and the detail of Bi-axial
Tension-Tension testing on AR-Glass TRC plates. The “Test Preparation” component of this document includes the following four principal points.
The first point is concerned with the assembly of testing equipment. Problems stemming from framework or lack of control over the testing machine are examined here. Negative effects on test results induced by the Hydraulic cylinder and related oil pressure are investigated and complemented in this section. The second point focuses on the numerical simulation used in order to determine the Bi–axial Tension–Tension Test samples. The specimen geometry given the testing boundary conditions was copied and optimized by means of a Finite–Element–Program (ATENA).
The third point is concerned with the notion of “load application”. It was necessary to develop a premise for the loading transmission and connection between steel plates (steel mounting plates) and concrete cogs.
The final point takes into account the methods used for measuring the Bi–axial Tension–Tension–test of this work.
The second component present in this thesis describes in detail the five Bi–axial Tension–Tension–Tests conducted on AR–Glass TRC plates utilized to prove and ensure the accuracy of the experimental equipment. The TRC plate was built on frame of the bi-axial testing machine and received tensile loading in both directions. This loading relationship was held constant in both directions during the test.
Furthermore, the author presents her own thoughts, as well as supplemental commentary, associated with textile reinforced concrete and the resulting experimental outcomes.
The last chapter closes this doctoral thesis and includes the abstract of and further prospects for this study. All scientific cognitions are summarised in this chapter.
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Крук, Володимир Васильович, та V. V. Kruck. "Технологічне забезпечення виготовлення зовнішніх напівкруглих шліцьових канавок валів та направляючих". Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. Івана Пулю, 2010. http://elartu.tstu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/595.
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Захист відбувся “ 9 ” грудня 2010 р. о 1000 годині на засіданні спеціалізованої вченої ради К 58.052.03 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська 56.
З дисертацією можна ознайомитись в бібліотеці Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська 56.<br>Робота присвячена розробленню технології виготовлення напівкруглих шліцьових канавок шліцьових валів та направляючих систем лінійного переміщення і рейкових направляючих. Обґрунтовано вибрану схему оброблення валів та направляючих, виведено аналітичні залежності для визначення критичної сили для забезпечення осьової сталості вала під час оброблення запропонованим методом. Проведено розмірний аналіз процесу дорнування напівкруглих канавок шліцьових валів та направляючих, встановлено значення розмірів спроектованого інструменту з врахуванням пружних і пластичних деформацій.
Представлено результати експериментальних досліджень впливу конструктивних і технологічних параметрів на величину зусилля дернування.
Розроблено інженерну методику визначення конструктивних параметрів інструменту залежно від конструктивних параметрів об’єкту виробництва та технологічних параметрів процесу оброблення.
Проведено техніко-економічне обґрунтування розробленого технологічного процесу.<br>Работа посвящена разработке технологии изготовления полукруглых шлицевых канавок шлицевых валов и направляющих систем линейного перемещения и рельсовых направляющих. Обоснованно выбранную схему обработки валов и направляющих, выведено аналитические зависимости для определения критической силы для обеспечения осевой устойчивости вала при обработке предложенным методом. Проведено размерный анализ процесса дорнования полукруглых канавок шлицевых валов и направляющих, установлено значение размеров спроектированного инструмента с учетом упругих и пластических деформаций.
Разработана программа и методика проведения экспериментальных исследований. Спроектированы и изготовлены экспериментальные образцы шлицевых валов с полукруглыми канавками и предложено технологическое оснащение.
Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований влияния конструктивных и технологических параметров на величину усилия дорнования.
Разработана инженерная методика определения конструктивных параметров инструмента в зависимости от конструктивных параметров объекта производства и технологических параметров процесса обработки.
Разработана методика определения ремонтных размеров пар качения в зависимости от размера их износа. Разработано устройство для контроля полукруглых канавок шлицевых валов и направляющих.
Проведено технико-экономическое обоснование разработанного технологического процесса.<br>The thesis is dedicated to the development of technology of manufacturing the semicircular splinted grooves of splinted shafts and directive systems of linear replacement and batten directives. The selected scheme of processing the shifts and directives is substantiated; the analytical dependences for the determining of critical power to support axial stability of a shift being processed by the proposed method are developed. The corresponding analysis of burnishing the semicircular grooves of splinted shafts and directives is carried out; the value of dimensions of a designed instrument taking into account elastic and plastic deformations is revealed.
The results of experimental research of the effect of structural and technological parameters on the value of burnishing force are presented.
The engineering technique of determining the structural parameters of the instrument depending on structural parameters of manufacturing object and technological parameters of processing is developed.
Technical and economical substantiation of the developed technological process is carried out.
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Brémaud, Iris. "Diversité des bois utilisés ou utilisables en facture d'instruments de musique : étude expérimentale des propriétés vibratoires en direction axiale de types de bois contrastés en majorité tropicaux : relations à des déterminants de microstructure et de composition chimique secondaire." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548934.
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L'objectif est de mieux connaître les bois, surtout denses et tropicaux, utilisés dans les instruments, et de proposer une aide pour la diversification en lien avec des problèmes d'approvisionnement durable. Le travail adopte deux approches complémentaires : caractérisation de la diversité des bois utilisés ou utilisables en facture instrumentale (espèces, propriétés vibratoires) ; étude des déterminants microstructuraux et chimiques (extractibles) des propriétés importantes. Une base de données « espèces ligneuses - usages en facture » est dessinée et a commencé à être implémentée par des informations de factures traditionnelles extra-Européennes. Les propriétés vibratoires élémentaires (module d'élasticité spécifique et coefficient d'amortissement dans la plage de fréquences 200-600Hz) en direction axiale, la teneur en eau à l'équilibre (à 20°C et 65% HR) et les paramètres de couleur CIELab et CIELCh sont déterminées sur 1400 éprouvettes de petites dimensions couvrant 60 espèces et 70 types de bois, dont 70% de feuillus tropicaux. Une moitié est fournie par des facteurs d'instruments, l'autre est présélectionnée sur des critères liant propriétés mécaniques, chimiques et physiques. Les relations entre propriétés sont analysées et les essences classées en groupes de similitude par analyses multivariables. Les extractibles du bois de coeur sont responsables de très faibles amortissements et teneurs en eau sur la majorité des bois tropicaux étudiés. Des modèles prédictifs simples sont proposés qui expliquent sur les essences étudiées de 85 à 90% de la variabilité observée des coefficients d'amortissement. Les relations entre propriétés physico-mécaniques et angle des microfibrilles sur des bois normaux et de compression de 3 résineux sont globalement cohérentes avec la littérature mais les bois de compression ont –à module spécifique donné- de plus faibles amortissements que les bois normaux. Les bois de coeur de deux espèces de Papilionaceae (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub. ‘Padouk' et P. erinaceus Harms. ‘Vèn') sont comparés à l'état natif puis extraits par différents solvants. Les extraits du Padouk sont -à quantités données- plus efficaces que ceux du Vèn pour diminuer l'amortissement et inversement pour la teneur en eau. Des hypothèses sont émises sur les mécanismes possibles.
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Ghosh, Atanu. "Optical and biomechanical factors, associated with near work and myopia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63341/5/Atanu_Ghosh_Thesis.pdf.
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Near work may play an important role in the development of myopia in the younger population. The prevalence of myopia has also been found to be higher in occupations that involve substantial near work tasks, for example in microscopists and textile workers. When nearwork is performed, it typically involves accommodation, convergence and downward gaze. A number of previous studies have examined the effects of accommodation and convergence on changes in the optics and biometrics of the eye in primary gaze. However, little is known about the influence of accommodation on the eye in downward gaze. This thesis is primarily concerned with investigating the changes in the eye during near work in downward gaze under natural viewing conditions.
To measure wavefront aberrations in downward gaze under natural viewing conditions, we modified a commercial Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor by adding a relay lens system to allow on-axis ocular aberration measurements in primary gaze and downward gaze, with binocular fixation. Measurements with the modified wavefront sensor in primary and downward gaze were validated against a conventional aberrometer using both a model eye and in 9 human subjects.
We then conducted an experiment to investigate changes in ocular aberrations associated with accommodation in downward gaze over 10 mins in groups of both myopes (n = 14) and emmetropes (n =12) using the modified Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. During the distance accommodation task, small but significant changes in refractive power (myopic shift) and higher order aberrations were observed in downward gaze compared to primary gaze. Accommodation caused greater changes in higher order aberrations (in particular coma and spherical aberration) in downward gaze than primary gaze, and there was evidence that the changes in certain aberrations with accommodation over time were different in downward gaze compared to primary gaze. There were no obvious systematic differences in higher order aberrations between refractive error groups during accommodation or downward gaze for fixed pupils. However, myopes exhibited a significantly greater change in higher order aberrations (in particular spherical aberration) than emmetropes for natural pupils after 10 mins of a near task (5 D accommodation) in downward gaze.
These findings indicated that ocular aberrations change from primary to downward gaze, particularly with accommodation. To understand the mechanism underlying these changes in greater detail, we then extended this work to examine the characteristics of the corneal optics, internal optics, anterior biometrics and axial length of the eye during a near task, in downward gaze, over 10 mins. Twenty young adult subjects (10 emmetropes and 10 myopes) participated in this study. To measure corneal topography and ocular biometrics in downward gaze, a rotating Scheimpflug camera and an optical biometer were inclined on a custom built, height and tilt adjustable table. We found that both corneal optics and internal optics change with downward gaze, resulting in a myopic shift (~0.10 D) in the spherical power of the eye. The changes in corneal optics appear to be due to eyelid pressure on the anterior surface of the cornea, whereas the changes in the internal optics (an increase in axial length and a decrease in anterior chamber depth) may be associated with movement of the crystalline lens, under the action of gravity, and the influence of altered biomechanical forces from the extraocular muscles on the globe with downward gaze. Changes in axial length with accommodation were significantly greater in downward gaze than primary gaze (p < 0.05), indicating an increased effect of the mechanical forces from the ciliary muscle and extraocular muscles.
A subsequent study was conducted to investigate the changes in anterior biometrics, axial length and choroidal thickness in nine cardinal gaze directions under the actions of the extraocular muscles. Ocular biometry measurements were obtained from 30 young adults (10 emmetropes, 10 low myopes and 10 moderate myopes) through a rotating prism with 15° deviation, along the foveal axis, using a non-contact optical biometer in each of nine different cardinal directions of gaze, over 5 mins. There was a significant influence of gaze angle and time on axial length (both p < 0.001), with the greatest axial elongation (+18 ± 8 μm) occurring with infero-nasal gaze (p < 0.001) and a slight decrease in axial length in superior gaze (−12 ± 17 μm) compared with primary gaze (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between refractive error (spherical equivalent refraction) and the mean change in axial length in the infero-nasal gaze direction (Pearson's R2 = 0.71, p < 0.001).
To further investigate the relative effect of gravity and extraocular muscle force on the axial length, we measured axial length in 15° and 25° downward gaze with the biometer inclined on a tilting table that allowed gaze shifts to occur with either full head turn but no eye turn (reflects the effect of gravity), or full eye turn with no head turn (reflects the effect of extraocular muscle forces). We observed a significant axial elongation in 15° and 25° downward gaze in the full eye turn condition. However, axial length did not change significantly in downward gaze over 5 mins (p > 0.05) in the full head turn condition. The elongation of the axial length in downward gaze appears to be due to the influence of the extraocular muscles, since the effect was not present when head turn was used instead of eye turn.
The findings of these experiments collectively show the dynamic characteristics of the optics and biometrics of the eye in downward gaze during a near task, over time. These were small but significant differences between myopic and emmetropic eyes in both the optical and biomechanical changes associated with shifts of gaze direction. These differences between myopes and emmetropes could arise as a consequence of excessive eye growth associated with myopia. However the potentially additive effects of repeated or long lasting near work activities employing infero-nasal gaze could also act to promote elongation of the eye due to optical and/or biomechanical stimuli.
Books on the topic "Axial Direction"
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Biomechanical models of hand coupling for axial torque and push exertions: Effects of torque direction, hand-handle friction, and handle size on axial torque and push exertions for cylindrical handles. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Axial Direction"
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Prabhakar, Srijan, D. Ravi Kumar, and S. Aravindan. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Multi-axial Forging of AA6082 Alloy." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58006-2_3.
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AbstractMulti-axial forging is a useful technique for producing ultrafine-grained structures in bulk materials by means of severe plastic deformation. The workpiece is subjected to a specific plastic strain in the multi-axial forging process by repeatedly upsetting along all three axes by rotating the sample by 90° between the two passes; this leads to the accumulation of a large plastic strain in the material. The shape of the product does not change, as equal compressive strain is applied in all directions. Severe plastic deformation methods such as multi-axial forging can be used for producing lightweight high-strength Al alloys with ultrafine-grained structures. In this study, as-cast AA6082 has been multiaxially forged with a true strain of 0.1 in each direction, leading to a total effective strain of 0.3 in each cycle. The strain inhomogeneity from center to the surface has been predicted by a finite element simulation of the multi-axial forging with a Voce hardening model, and it has been correlated with an experimentally determined hardness variation. The peak loads in all of the passes have also been compared.
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Li, Wei, Xin’an Yuan, Jianming Zhao, Xiaokang Yin, and Xiao Li. "An Electromagnetic Helmholtz-Coil Probe for Arbitrary Orientation Crack Detection on the Surface of Pipeline." In Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique for Detection and Measurement of Cracks in Structures. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7255-1_8.
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AbstractSubjected to hoop stress and land movement load, the orientation of cracks on the surface of pipeline may be axial direction, circumferential direction or the others. In this paper, an electromagnetic Helmholtz-coil probe is presented to detect the oriented cracks on the surface of pipeline. A structure of equal-spaced TMR sensor array of the Helmholtz-coil probe is applied to scan the full circumference of the pipeline simultaneously in a single pass. The simulation and experiment results indicate that using the combination effect of the electric current perturbation and the magnetic flux leakage, the oriented crack can be mapped clearly.
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Mikhasev, Gennadi I., and Petr E. Tovstik. "Wave Packets in Long Shells of Revolution Travelling in the Axial Direction." In Localized Dynamics of Thin-Walled Shells. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315115467-8.
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Li, Zijun, Xiaofang Zhou, Chuanjin Lin, Yongshun Huang, and Yuqun Chen. "The Alternating Direction Iterative of Axial Symmetric Electrostatic Field without Charge Current Distribution." In Advances in Computer Science, Intelligent System and Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23756-0_50.
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Li, Zijun, Xiaofang Zhou, Chuanjin Lin, Yongshun Huang, and Yuqun Chen. "The Alternating Direction Iterative of Static Electric Field for Axial Symmetric Charge Distribution." In Advances in Computer Science, Intelligent System and Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23756-0_89.
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Hotz, R., and R. Siems. "Scattering Intensities Due to Acoustic Phonons Propagating Along the Axial Direction of Fiber Composites." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84888-9_170.
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Ma, Liying, Macheng Gui, Shaoxiong Gui, and Yuanwen Cao. "Analysis and Experiment Study About Vibration Compaction Based on Drucker-Prager Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_43.
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AbstractThe relationship and the applicable conditions between Mohr–Coulomb model and linear Drucker-Prager model were discussed, and the results showed that when the friction angle was less than 22° Drucker-Prager model was more suitable for modelling the soil unit; When the friction angle was more than 22°, the Mohr–Coulomb model should be used. In order to further study the compaction characteristics of vibratory roller and the dynamic relationship between vibratory roller and soil, the finite element model of “vibrating roller-soil” was established. The simulation results showed that vertical stress of the soil distributed symmetrically along the axial direction of the vibrating drum, shift forward along the direction of the vibration drum, and decreased sharply with the increasement of the depth. Then experiments carried out showed that acceleration of the vibrating drum was positively correlated with the compaction times, which verified the model was basically correct. Moreover, the regression equation between the compaction degree and the effective value of acceleration was obtained, which provided the idea for the new compaction degree monitoring system.
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Cheng, Lei, Bo Ni, Wentao Zao, Hongqing Nie, and Jun Weng. "Research on the Influence of Thermostatic Block on the Temperature Uniformity of Thermocouple Calibration Furnaces." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_102.
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Abstract The temperature uniformity of thermocouple calibration furnace plays an important role in the calibration of base metal thermocouple and is an important parameter to evaluate the accuracy of thermocouple calibration. In JJF 1637-2017 “Calibration Specification for Base Metal Thermocouples”, it is proposed to use thermostatic block to improve the uniformity of thermocouple calibration furnace. Many scholars verify the feasibility of using thermostatic block through experimental methods, but experimental research requires many built-in standard thermocouples which are not completely consistent with the actual working state and the temperature data can be obtained is limited. In order to further explore the heat transfer mechanism of improving temperature uniformity by using thermostatic block, the temperature distribution of temperature field in furnace is calculated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The calculation results show that the alloy thermostatic block plays a good role in optimizing the temperature field because of its good thermal conductivity. Compared with not placing the thermostatic block, the maximum temperature difference in the axial direction is reduced by 2 times and the maximum temperature difference in the radial direction is reduced by 1 times, which is an important means to improve the temperature uniformity.
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Li, Zijun, Xiaofang Zhou, Chuanjin Lin, Yongshun Huang, and Yuqun Chen. "The Alternating Direction Iterative of Axial Symmetrical and Static Magnetic Field without Charge and Current Distribution." In Advances in Computer Science, Intelligent System and Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23756-0_65.
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Vasage, Akshay, Onkar Padhye, Gajanan Kulkarni, Shivram Kerkar, and Mahesh Kumar. "Force Sensitive Resistor Based Design and Modeling of Smart Walking Assistance Device by Axial Direction Control for Osteoarthritis." In Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4485-9_40.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Axial Direction"
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Iguchi, Shotaro, Toma Ono, and Takehito Kikuchi. "Evaluation of a Dual Axial Ankle Supporter with Adjustable Assisting Direction Mechanism for Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cbs61689.2024.10860376.
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Zabihi, R., and R. G. Vaughan. "Conformai axial-direction PIFA on a small cylinder." In 2017 XXXIInd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursigass.2017.8105234.
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Ge*, Bing, Yuze Li, Yuliang Jia, Min Jin, and Shusheng Zang. "Study on Combustion instability of Secondary Combustion in an Axial Staged Model Combustor." In GPPS Hong Kong24. GPPS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/gpps23-tc-269.
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The experimental study is carried out to reveal the influence of the disturbance of main combustion air inlet on the axial staged combustion. The response of the combustion characteristics in the primary and secondary combustion chambers are obtained by acoustically forcing the inlet air to oscillate. The results indicate that the dominant frequency of combustion oscillation in the axial staged combustor is basically as the same as that of acoustic excitation. The pressure is more pronounced at the forced frequency of 270 Hz. Compared with the stable combustion state, the reburning flame is lifted and shrinks when the main air is oscillated. The spatial band area of the flame centroid fluctuations is transformed from the height (Y) direction to the streamwise (Z) direction. Combustion oscillation reduces the fluctuation range of reburning flame in the Y direction but expands in the Z direction. It is found that the dominant frequency of 201 Hz appears along in both Y and Z directions at the stable combustion status. In the case of forced oscillation, the dominant frequency of 270 Hz occurs along the Z and Y directions, and the amplitude of the original fluctuation of the reburning flame in the Z direction increases.
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Nakanishi, Yoshitaka, Jason Sanderson, Takuro Honda, Keiji Kasamura, Yuta Nakashima, and Hidehiko Higaki. "Influence of axial direction on performance of biomimetic sealing system." In 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2015.7418706.
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Agianniotis, Aristotelis, Alexander Rachev, and Nikos Stergiopulos. "Active Axial Stress in Mouse Aorta." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80102.
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Arteries exhibit a complex mechanical behavior due to their complex structure and composition. When smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are stimulated to contract, an artery constricts and develops the so called active stress in the arterial wall. Assuming that the SMCs are oriented in the circumferential direction most of studies consider solely development of the circumferential active stress [1]. However, histological findings show existence of SMCs oriented in both the circumferential and axial direction; these vessels manifest biaxial contractile response [2, 3]. In this study we also observed biaxial contractile response and processed the experimental data to incorporate an active axial stress in the constitutive formulation of the arterial tissue.
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Ouchi, M., T. Yanagidaira, and K. Tsuruta. "Expanding Characteristics of Vacuum Arc Plasma in Radial and Axial Direction." In 2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/deiv.2006.357304.
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McClusky, Heather L., and Donald E. Beasley. "Decaying, Swirling Flow in a Pipe: Axial Velocity Field Development With Reversed Axial Flow." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45582.
Full textAbstract:
Streamwise development of the axial velocity field in a confined, decaying swirling flow is explored in the present study. A tangential injection mechanism produces swirling flow at the inlet of a constant diameter pipe. Particle image velocimetry is employed for axial velocity measurements. Representative axial velocity profiles are presented for axial locations of 3 to 67 pipe diameters. The axial velocity profiles are asymmetric relative to the pipe centerline and the asymmetries persist as the flow develops in the axial direction. The eccentricity of the swirling flow spatially oscillates as the flow develops in the axial direction. The spatial oscillations of the axial velocity suggest that a vortex breakdown may be located near the inlet of the pipe and the entire pipe is the wake region of the vortex breakdown. The centerline axial velocity is also used to document the axial development of the flow. A comprehensive view of the flow field is provided by considering theoretical explanations presented in the literature for decaying, swirling pipe flows and for vortex breakdown.
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Govindaraj, Muthuselvan, Muralidhara Halebidu Suryanarayana, Vinod Kumar Vyas, et al. "Axial and Radial Variation of Spray Characteristics of a Small-Scale Simplex Atomizer." In ASME 2014 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2014-8148.
Full textAbstract:
Simplex atomizer is widely used in the liquid fuel combustion devices in aerospace and power generation industries. An experimental work was conducted, to study variation of SMD and droplet size distribution along axial and radial directions of the spray for different injection pressures. Malvern spray analyzer is used in the present investigation. Four different atomizer configurations of increasing atomizer constant (K) are examined using water and kerosene. Spray cone angle is measured for different configurations at different injection pressures (up to 30 bar) using image processing technique. In the case of atomizer with lower K, spray cone angle continuously increases with injection pressure. In the case of atomizer with higher K, initially spray cone angle increases significantly, but remains almost constant after 16 bar. Variation of SMD and droplet size distribution along axial direction of the spray is compared between water and kerosene spray. SMD variation along the axial direction of spray clearly shows the continuous brakup of droplets along axial direction of the spray. In the case of water spray, SMD rapidly decreases along the axial direction up to 30 mm from the orifice exit, and gradually decreases up to 120 mm. In the case of kerosene spray, SMD rapidly decreases along the axial direction up to 40 mm from the orifice exit, after that SMD fluctuates along the axial direction up to 100 mm from the orifice exit. This fluctuation is due to evaporation of smaller droplets (50 microns) of kerosene. Span also continuously fluctuates after 40 mm from the orifice exit in the case of kerosene spray. Variation of SMD and droplet size distribution along radial direction of the spray is compared for different injection pressure and configurations of simplex atomizer. Increase in injection pressure, increases the disruptive aerodynamic force, which reduces the radial peak value of SMD and widens the radial profile. With decrease in atomizer constant (K), swirl strength inside the swirl chamber increases, which in turn increases the spray cone angle. SMD variation along the radial direction of spray showed more uniform droplet diameter distribution for lower atomizer constant (K) configurations. Reducing the atomizer constant improves the atomization quality more effectively than increasing the injection pressure.
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Kovalsky, G. A. "About focal properties of the electronic cylinder limited in an axial direction." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Anatoly M. Filachev. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.804375.
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Tanti, Harsha A., Kundan Sahu, Abhirup Datta, and Amit K. Pradhan. "Tri-axial Patch antenna array configuration for Direction of Arrival (DoA) application." In 2023 8th International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/codec60112.2023.10465763.
Full textReports on the topic "Axial Direction"
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Chen. PR-244-9827-R01 Local Buckling and Collapse of Corroded Pipes. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011076.
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This project address local buckling (or wrinkling) associated with pipe wall instability in the axial direction when subjected to bending or axial compression. It considered the collapse of the cross-section under circumferential compression due to external pressure.
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Holden, T., J. Root, and R. Hosbons. CWI1988-Andi-16 Neutron Diffraction of Axial Residual Strains Near a Crack in a Girth Weld. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011389.
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The purpose of the present measurements was to measure the axial residual strains at the 6:00 position of a girth-weld in the presence of a crack which had been propagated a few millimeters from the inside diameter of the line pipe. Residual strains have been measured in the axial direction of a cracked girth weld in a line pipe. The crack was approximately 3 mm deep and ran 20 cm around the circumference near the mid weld. The residual strain distribution was compared to the distribution before the crack was introduced. The crack appears to introduce a large bending moment in the weld and the strain distribution shows that the tube is close to plastic collapse.
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Pit, Yann Le, Didier Caron, and Benoit Acker. PR-306-123740-R01 Comparative Analysis of Pipeline Inspection Technologies Using Guided Waves. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011017.
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This document describes the analysis of performances of five non-destructive testing technologies for pipelines by propagation of ultrasound waves guided within the thickness along the axial direction. The tested tools are tools available on the market at the time that this document was written. Their individual performances have been analysed using an identical operating protocol so that they can be compared with each other. A comparative analysis has been made, so that the configurations for which the use of guided waves may or may not be envisaged can be deduced.�
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Wang, Yao, Jeehee Lim, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Jeremy Hunter. Pile Stability Analysis in Soft or Loose Soils: Guidance on Foundation Design Assumptions with Respect to Loose or Soft Soil Effects on Pile Lateral Capacity and Stability. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317387.
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The design of laterally loaded piles is often done in practice using the p-y method with API p-y curves representing the behavior of soil at discretized points along the pile length. To account for pile-soil-pile interaction in pile groups, AASHTO (2020) proposes the use of p-multipliers to modify the p-y curves. In this research, we explored, in depth, the design of lateral loaded piles and pile groups using both the Finite Element (FE) method and the p-y method to determine under what conditions pile stability problems were likely to occur. The analyses considered a wide range of design scenarios, including pile diameters ranging from 0.36 m (14.17 inches) to 1.0 m (39.37 inches), pile lengths ranging from 10 m (32.81 ft) to 20 m (65.62 ft), uniform and multilayered soil profiles containing weak soil layers of loose sand or normally consolidated (NC) clay, lateral load eccentricity ranging from 0 m to 10 m (32.81 ft), combined axial and lateral loads, three different pile group configurations (1×5, 2×5, and 3×5), pile spacings ranging from 3 to 5 times the pile diameter, two different load directions (“strong” direction and “weak” direction), and two different pile cap types (free-standing and soil-supported pile caps). Based on the FEA results, we proposed new p-y curve equations for clay and sand. We also examined the behavior of the individual piles in the pile groups and found that the moment applied to the pile cap is partly transferred to the individual piles as moments, which is contrary to the assumption often made that moments are fully absorbed by axial loads on the group piles. This weakens the response of the piles to lateral loading because a smaller lateral pressure is required to produce a given deflection when moments are transferred to the head of the piles as moments. When the p-y method is used without consideration of the transferred moments, unconservative designs result. Based on the FEA results, we proposed both a new set of p-multipliers and a new method to use when moment distribution between piles is not known, using pile efficiency instead to calculate the total capacity of pile groups.
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Nestleroth. L51657 Remote Field Eddy Current Detection of Stress-Corrosion Cracks - Phase II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010619.
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Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) can occur in gas transmission pipelines. These cracks initiate on the exterior of the bulk pipe material and grow in the axial and radial direction. Access for comprehensive nondestructive inspection systems is generally limited to inside the pipe itself. Since these defects can lead to leaks and failures, a need of the gas pipeline industry is the in-line detection and characterization of stress-corrosion cracks. Previous research has shown the remote field eddy current (RFEC) technique can detect SCC in gas transmission lines. The objective of this program is to quantify the SCC detection and characterization capability of this technique. The internal nature of the RFEC technique identifies it as a potential candidate for in-line inspection. The through-transmission nature of RFEC technique is a major advantage over other nondestructive tests since it ensures the complete inspection of the entire pipe wall. This electromagnetic inspection technique requires no coupling agent to transmit inspection energy from a source, to the defect, and then to the sensor. If it can be shown that the RFEC technique is effective in detecting, identifying, and sizing SCC and other defects, the technique is a candidate for in-line inspection implementation.
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Teitsma, Albert. L52091 Better Understanding of Mechanical Damage in Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011829.
Full textAbstract:
This report summarizes work done at the Battelle Memorial Institute, (Nestleroth, 2003) and the Southwest Research Institute (Chell, 2003) on "Better Understanding of Mechanical Damage in Pipelines" for DOT and GTI under the direction of the Gas Technology Institute. Battelle Memorial Institute concentrated on developing MFL technologies for detecting and characterizing mechanical damage defects. Combining axial and circumferential MFL, provides sensitivity to defects of all orientations, accurately determines the width and length of a defect, and more accurately predicts defect depths due to better compensation for geometry generated MFL amplitude changes. High-low magnetization field MFL detects and qualitatively characterizes mechanical defects and provides a quantitative measure of the depth of the initial dent from the reround halo if the pipe has rerounded. Absence of a reround halo would indicate a possibly innocuous defect. Good correlation was found between FEA stresses and strains and the measured NLH results. NLH characterizes mechanical damage qualitatively. Fractographic and metalograhpic analysis after burst tests were used along with engineering judgment and stress calculation to rank the severity of mechanical damage with respect to variation in length width and depth. An empirical formula is proposed for quickly calculating the relative severity of mechanical damage defects. All methods for characterizing mechanical damage, the formula, fractographic and metallographic, MFL, NLH, FEA, and engineering judgment correlated well with each other.
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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Pablo Cazenave, and Ming Gao. PR-328-133702-R01 Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011556.
Full textAbstract:
Phase one report: Crack fields (colonies) in dents are often observed in liquid pipe lines. Because of their colonial appearance, these cracks in dents are often thought to be associated with stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, a recent full-scale dent fatigue testing under a PRCI mechanical damage program showed that crack colonies in dents can be produced by fatigue. This observation facilitated PRCI to launch a further study of the cracking mechanism in dents using samples extracted from a liquid pipeline. A total of 6 pipe samples containing dent with crack/metal loss were investigated. Evidences from this investigation showed that cracks in dents are aligned in an axial direction with appearance similar to crack colony. Fractographic analyses showed that the mechanism for cracking in these dents was fatigue. No evidence of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was found. Fractographic analyses also showed that cracks in the colony were associated with a corrosion pit, suggesting corrosion pits are the initiation sites for fatigue crack. A combination of corrosion pitting and fatigue crack growth is the overall mechanism for the observed cracking, that is, corrosion may be the first degrading mechanism followed by the fatigue crack growth. Based on the understanding of the mechanism for cracking, a review is given to the currently available pit-to-crack transition and overall life prediction models. Applicability and limitations of these models to cracks in dent are discussed. Gaps and areas for further study are discussed. An example of rate competing between pit and crack growth and for overall life estimate is illustrated. In this report, sample selection and the approach used in this investigation are presented first. The findings from fractographic analysis are summarized. Currently available modelling efforts for pitto-fatigue are reviewed. Gaps and further research areas are discussed.
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Holden, T., J. Root, and R. Hosbons. CWI1988-Andi-12 Neutron Diffraction of Axial Residual Strains in the Vicinity of a Girth Weld. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011390.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research has shown that neutron diffraction is a practical non-destructive method for determining residual strains in the vicinity of a girth weld in line pipe. The basis of the technique is that the distance between planes of atoms is used as a miniature, directional, internal strain gauge, just as for X-ray measurements. However, the penetration of neutrons into metals ls from 1000 to 10,000 times greater than that of X-rays, so that measurements may easily be made throughout the thickness of steel pipe including the region of the weld itself. The purpose of the present measurements was to characterize the axial residual strains remaining in linepipe after two pieces had been joined with a girth weld. This report summarizes the measurements of the axial residual strains in each of two pipes of thickness 11 and 16 mm at the 6:00, 1:30 and 10:00 positions.
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Lee, Wall, and Burch. L52333 NDE and Inspection Techniques Applied to Composite Wrap Repairs. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010468.
Full textAbstract:
The objective includes: Assess commercially available inspection methods to validate integrity of composite repair systems. Identify applicability to inspect composite overwrap and parent metal for both onshore and sub-sea pipelines (where information is available). Identify sources of data to include other users of composite materials(aerospace/aircraft, naval/ship repairs). Identify procedures and technologies to assess inspection effectiveness and provide a gap analysis. Interface with other PRCI projects on long-term testing of composite repairs and other joint industry projects on composite repairs to improve our understanding of long term durability of repairs. Identify global experience with composite repairs; not just North America. For general wall loss, radiography or electromagnetic techniques appear to be the best candidates. Standard radiography techniques can detect changes in wall thickness over a large area. Saturated low frequency systems, e.g. SLOFEC are good for a quick rapid scan of the area of interest. Pulsed eddy current, e.g. PEC, is also available for a general survey of the underlying substrate. For pinhole leaks, the electromagnetic techniques do not have sufficient resolution to detect defects of order 20 mm (0.8 in.) diameter and less. Standard radiography techniques can detect pinhole leaks down to diameters of 3 mm (0.12 in.) or less. Tangential radiography techniques are generally good for defect sizing but there are practical limitations with chord length (i.e. beam path through the pipe wall). Ultrasonic techniques could offer a potential solution but is currently limited due to the high attenuation of the composite repair material where through the repair inspection could only detect large diameter defects greater than 25 mm (1 in.) diameter on thin repairs less than 5 mm (0.2 in.). Detecting pin hole defects by applying the ultrasound along the axial direction of the substrate, effectively skipping the ultrasound under the repair, showed more promise. For delamination or debonding of the interface between the composite laminate and the steel substrate, laser shearography and microwave inspection appear to offer the best solution. Currently there is no single inspection technique that can be applied with confidence to the inspection of interfacial delaminations. Further developments are on-going to provide a solution to this challenging inspection problem. Acoustic emission is able to give an overall picture of the damage within the composite under live loads. It can be used as a QA tool to test the integrity of the repair. However, it is difficult to interpret the signals to gain any quantitative information about a particular defect.
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Graville, B. A. L51707 Factors Affecting Heat Affected Zone Root Strains in Pipeline Girth Welds and Repairs. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010219.
Full textAbstract:
A previous study on hydrogen cracking in the heat affected zone of pipeline girth welds and repairs found that large strains in the HAZ transverse to the weld played a major role in causing cracking. Large transverse strains were believed to arise from bending of the weld due to the thermal contraction of the weld around the pipe circumference. Large root strains were simulated in the laboratory using a bend test which enabled the effect of material composition and strength to be studied. In the bend test, the specimen deflection at the onset of cracking, indicated by a drop in load, was used as a measure of susceptibility to cracking. The study showed that increasing the base metal strength for the same HAZ (achieved experimentally by heat treating the same base metal) resulted in a decrease in the critical deflection. This suggested that considerable strain concentration was occuring in the HAZ which increased as the base metal strength increased. Although the study succeeded in quantifying the effects of base metal composition and strength on the sensitivity to cracking, the program did not attempt to address the factors that influence the degree of strain applied to the weld. Specifically, the study only considered a single weld metal strength, and only one pipe wall thickness was addressed. Thus it was not clear whether the move to higher strength pipes welded with higher strength electrodes or a change in the dimensions of the pipe might increase the exposure to cracking risks. Furthermore, if bend tests are used to screen materials, the question is raised as to whether the acceptance level of critical deflection should be changed for higher strength materials. Heat affected zone cracking was observed in both complete circumferential welds (tie-in welds) and in part-circumferential welds (repairs). Various procedural details, such as heat input and length of repair, could influence the root strain and might warrant specific controls to minimize risk of cracking. This study assessed the effects of weld metal strength, pipe thickness, pipe diameter, heat input, and weld (repair) length on root strains in girth welds. A literature review was conducted and simple analysis methods were applied to identify areas with a high risk for cracking. The results show that high tensile stresses in the axial direction on the inside surface of the pipe result from the radial contraction of the weld and consequent bending of the pipe. Welding procedures with high heat inputs and few weld passes tend to have the greatest effect on stress. Multipass welds decrease the tensile stress, which becomes compressive after a certain thickness. Base metal and weld metal strength were shown to significantly impact strain in the heat-affect zone.