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1
Ko, Jeong Hoon, Kah Chuan Shaw, Sha Wei Tan, and Rong Ming Lin. "Surface Quality Improvement in Meso-Scale Milling with Spindle Axial Directional Ultrasonic Vibration Assistance." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.508.
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So far, the industrial application of ultrasonic vibration assistance has been successful in continuous machining process such as turning process where ultrasonic vibration velocity is much higher than cutting velocity. Recently, vibration assistance has been experimentally investigated to the intermittent milling process mainly for feed and cross- feed directions. This paper focuses on the effect of ultrasonic vibration assistance in spindle axial direction for improvement of machined surface. With the designed ultrasonic vibration assisted milling process with 39.7 kHz and a few micro-meter amplitudes, workpiece vibrates along spindle axial direction while different RPMs and feed rates are applied. The axial directional vibration assistance acts as additional cutting motion which further reduces the leftover surface error. Experimental results validate that surface roughness can be improved from 20 % to 65 % for the tested conditions. Apparently chatter marks of the milling process are reduced with the help of the axial ultrasonic vibration assistance.
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Park, Jung Wan, Won Seok Jeon, and Hyun Seok Yang. "Estimation of a Pipe’s Features with In-Pipe Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1049.
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Most of pipelines are installed under the ground, so maintaining is one of the most critical issue. Furthermore, their own locations are difficult to be identified because of its environment. For those reason, identifying the location of pipelines is widely under the research with in-pipe robots. Most methods estimate the heading direction of pipe robots as the axial direction of pipelines. However, more detail research about the axial directions of pipelines is necessary because the defined directions are not always aligned with the heading direction of pipe robot. Therefore, this paper described the estimating method of pipeline radius and its axial direction relative the robot. The relative direction and radius of a pipe are estimated from location of contact points which is determined based on geometry. Geometric equation contains highly nonlinear term, so those are obtained by the numerical form instead of closed form. The suggested method is verified by an experiment approach. Since the real relative axial direction is hard to detect, the slope of pipes are computed from estimated value and inertial measurement unit attached to the robot. Estimated radius and slope have some error in discrete curved pipe, but estimated values are well matched under straight pipes condition.
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Kettunen, Pentti O., Taina Vuoristo, and Terho Kaasalainen. "Monotonic Strength Properties of Siberian Yellow Pine." Materials Science Forum 599 (September 2008): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.599.137.
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Strength values of the sapwood of Siberian yellow pine were measured in a system with orthogonal coordinates along the axial, radial, and tangential directions of the cell structure. Highest strength was the axial normal strength and lowest the tangential normal strength. The difference between these two values was 87-fold. Shear strength values remained between the two normal strength values. The highest shear strength appeared in tangential direction across the reinforcing fibers, i.e., on the plane perpendicular to the axial direction. Lowest shear strength appeared in tangential direction on the plane perpendicular to radial direction. The variations are due to orientation of cells and of fiber reinforcement in the cell wall laminas, especially in the middle layer of the secondary cell wall.
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MORARIU, Gheorghe, and Otilia CROITORU. "THE RESONANCE FREQUENCY CORRECTION IN CYLINDRICAL CAVITIES IN AXIAL DIRECTION." Review of the Air Force Academy 14, no. 2 (2016): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2016.14.2.13.
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Park, Yedo, and Chang Bo Oh. "Computational Study on the Effect of Aspect Ratio of High-Pressure Hydrogen Tank on Explosion Characteristics." Fire Science and Engineering 39, no. 2 (2025): 35–43. https://doi.org/10.7731/kifse.a6b970b8.
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The explosion characteristics of 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen tanks with varying aspect ratios were investigated using OpenFOAM computation. The tank volume (175 L) and stored hydrogen mass (7.26 kg) were fixed, and four tank geometries with aspect ratios ranging from 1.0 (spherical) to 10.0 (elongated) were analyzed to examine the spatial and temporal distributions of the overpressure and impulse. The results show that, as the aspect ratio increases, the initial blast wave pressure propagates more strongly in the radial direction than in the axial direction. In the radial and axial directions, the peak overpressure and impulse rapidly decrease with distance, followed by a secondary increase owing to the pressure reflected from the ground. The reflected pressure increases with the aspect ratio in the radial direction but decreases in the axial direction. Moreover, the blast wave dissipates more quickly in the axial direction as the aspect ratio increases, resulting in lower reflected and peak pressures. These findings highlight the significant impact of tank geometry on explosion behavior and offer valuable insights for safe design and mitigation strategies of hydrogen infrastructure.
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Luo, Yixi, Hu Hong, and Raul Fangueiro. "TENSILE AND TEARING PROPERTIES OF BI-AXIAL WARP KNITTED COATED FABRICS." AUTEX Research Journal 8, no. 1 (2008): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2008-080104.
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Abstract Based on uni-axial tensile testing, the performances of bi-axial warp knitted PET/PVC flexible composites has been analyzed in seven in-plane directions, i.e., 0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75° and 90°. The crack propagation of each sample has been observed and analyzed by evaluating the influence of the crack length and direction under uni-axial testing. The results show that bi-axial warp knitted coated fabrics present a strong orthotropic behavior and that the tearing strength depends on the initial crack orientation and length. Regardless of the crack length and orientation, the propagation is always perpendicular to the tensile loading direction.
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Hao, Long, Dongjiang Han, Wei Zhao, Qingjun Zhao, and Jinfu Yang. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Axial Rub Impact Dynamic Characteristics of Flexible Rotor Supported by Hybrid Gas Bearings." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 40, no. 3 (2021): 1252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348420986645.
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Gas bearings are widely used in micro- and small turbomachinery. Because of the pursuit of high efficiency, turbomachinery adopts small clearance of rotor and stator. The gas bearing rotor system easily suffers from rub impact due to the inherently low damping and load capacity of gas film. Axial rub impact may lead to catastrophic failure of gas bearing rotor system. Previous work put emphasis on radial rub, and only a few papers researched on the axial rub impact by simulation method. In this paper, dynamic responses of full annular axial rub are investigated numerically and experimentally. A single span flexible rotor test rig is established to support this research. Dynamic characteristics of full annular axial rub of this gas bearing rotor system are obtained with finite element language-APDL. Dynamic characteristics within full speed range are experimentally researched based on the test rig. The dynamic behaviors are analyzed by means of waterfall diagrams, frequency spectrums, orbit trails, and vibration amplitude waveforms. During speed up, half speed whirl and gas film oscillation occur in radial direction. During speed down, the full annular axial rub between rotor thrust disk and gas bearing occurs. When lightly axial rub impact happens, the vibration patterns in the radial direction change barely, and 0 Hz component appears in the axial direction. When serious full annular axial rub impact happens, 0 Hz component occurs in both radial and axial directions and rotor orbit shows transverse motion in radial direction. These forms of dynamic characteristics can be effectively used to diagnose the full annular axial rub impact.
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Shukla, Anoop Kumar, Niraj Nayan, S. V. S. Narayana Murty, S. C. Sharma, Kallol Mondal, and Parameshwar Prasad Sinha. "On the Possibility of Occurrence of Anisotropy in Processing of Cu-CNT Composites by Powder Metallurgical Techniques." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.285.
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Copper - multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composite was processed by powder metallurgical processing technique. Pure copper powder and MWCNT were mechanically alloyed by high energy milling to produce Cu-MWCNT composite powder. The composite powder was subsequently consolidated by vacuum hot pressing. Characterization studies were conducted along axial (hot pressing direction) and radial (transverse) directions. Microstructural observations of the processed composite revealed random distribution of MWCNT in axial direction and aligned distribution in radial direction. The structure property correlation was established and it revealed certain degree of anisotropy in mechanical and electrical properties of the composite.
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Zhong, Wei Zhou, Xi Cheng Huang, Zhi Ming Hao, Ruo Ze Xie, and Gang Chen. "Investigation on Failure Mode of Spruce under Different Loading Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.556.
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Compression experiments of spruce along axial, radial and tangential loading directions are implemented by INSTRON equipment. Mechanical properties of spruce along three directions are gained. Spruce microscopic cell failure modes under axial, radial and tangential compression condition are observed by scan electron microscope. Results show that failure modes of spruce are fiber buckling and wrinkle when loading direction is along the grain. When loading direction is along radial or tangential across to the grain, failure modes are wood fiber slippage and delamination. Theory analytic solution to single wood cell failure under different direction compression is done. The obtained expression shows that mean limit loading is relative to yield stress, cell structure dimension and wrinkle length for complete wrinkle cases.
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Kruzina, T. V., S. A. Popov, Yu N. Potapovich, and A. S. Rutskyi. "Optical properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals." Journal of Physics and Electronics 27, no. 1 (2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/331906.
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We report some peculiarities of behavior of domain structure and birefringence ∆n of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 crystals. Polarization-optical methods are used to study the domain structure and the birefringence ∆n in temperature interval 25°C÷520°C and axial pressure interval 2.5÷60 bar. Single domain state is achieved by application of axial pressure along [100] and [110] directions at temperature near 500°C. Application of axial pressure ~50 bar along [100] direction leads to switching of the samples into anisotropic single domain state. While application of axial pressure ~0.5 bar along [110] direction results in exposition of visually isotropic state and the state is preserved during a cooling process in temperature interval ~500°C÷240°C. In both cases the anisotropic single domain state is observed at room temperature. It is shown that f axial pressure (2.5÷25 bar) application along [110] direction at room temperature leads to a significant increase of the birefringence. It is supposed that both the peculiarities of Δn behavior and the linear behavior of Δn = f(p) are associated with presence of the nanoregions with various orientations of optical indicatrices and their involvement into the orientation process under the action of axial pressure.
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Abdelal, Nisrin. "Electromagnetic interference shielding of stitched carbon fiber composites." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 6 (2018): 773–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718798632.
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This study reports on the improvements in the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of unidirectional carbon fiber-epoxy composites as a results of stitching with conductive and nonconductive threads. Unidirectional carbon fiber laminates stitched with copper, titanium, Kevlar metallic, Kevlar 10 and Dyneema T90 threads were manufactured using vacuum assisted resin infusion process. Representative samples from each laminate were tested in directions normal and axial to the fiber direction using rectangular waveguide. Experimental results showed that composites with improved shielding effectiveness in both directions were produced. For example, stitching with copper doubled the shielding effectiveness in the axial direction when compared to the unstitched laminate. In addition, composite stitched with Dyneema exhibited the most balanced increase in the shielding effectiveness in both axial and normal directions (91.5% and 17.3%, respectively) compared to the unstitched laminate. The shielding mechanism of the composites was mainly reflection.
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Ghosh, I., S. K. Sarangi, and P. K. Das. "Simulation Algorithm for Multistream Plate Fin Heat Exchangers Including Axial Conduction, Heat Leakage, and Variable Fluid Property." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 7 (2006): 884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717938.
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The effect of axial conduction through heat exchanger matrix, heat exchange with the surroundings, and variable fluid properties are included in the simulation algorithm of multistream plate fin heat exchangers. The procedure involves partitioning of the exchanger in both axial and normal directions, writing conservation equations for each segment, and solving them using an iterative procedure. In the normal direction, the exchanger is divided into a stack of overlapping two-stream exchangers interacting through their common streams. In the axial direction, the exchanger is successively partitioned to 2k segments, the final value of k being determined by the point where further partitioning has only marginal effect. The effects of axial conduction, heat leakage, and variable fluid properties are illustrated with the help of multistream heat exchanger examples solved by the above-mentioned technique.
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You, Yi, Zhushi Yang, Puzhi Zhao, and Cheng He. "Directional motion behavior of metallic conductive particles in GIS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2797, no. 1 (2024): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2797/1/012035.
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Abstract Currently, metallic conductive particles constitute a significant risk to GIS insulation, and the motion of the particle is the direct cause of GIS insulation failure. The motion characteristic of particles is the key to conducting the study about the mechanism of particle-induced GIS insulation failure and the technology of particle suppression. However, current research lacks an analysis of the axial motion of particles, which should not be ignored. In this paper, the intensity and direction of the axial Coulomb force in the vicinity of the basin insulator are analyzed. Based on this, the relationship between the polarity of the charge on particles and the axial Coulomb force with time under AC voltage is analyzed. The research results show that the axial Coulomb forces on the outwardly and inwardly curved surfaces of the basin insulator have opposite directions so that they can propel the particles in the direction of the outwardly curved surface. Finally, the verification experiment conducted on the 252 kV GIS can also prove that particles indeed have the trend of directional motion under AC voltage, and multiple particles will eventually gather on the outwardly curved surface side. The research provides theoretical support for the motion of metallic particles and the particle suppression technology in GIS.
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Lu, Weiyong, and Changchun He. "Numerical simulation of the laws of fracture propagation of multi-hole linear co-directional hydraulic fracturing." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 39, no. 3 (2021): 903–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598721988993.
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Directional rupture is one of the most important and most common problems related to rock breaking. The goal of directional rock breaking can be effectively achieved via multi-hole linear co-directional hydraulic fracturing. In this paper, the XSite software was utilized to verify the experimental results of multi-hole linear co-directional hydraulic fracturing., and its basic law is studied. The results indicate that the process of multi-hole linear co-directional hydraulic fracturing can be divided into four stages: water injection boost, hydraulic fracture initiation, and the unstable and stable propagation of hydraulic fracture. The stable expansion stage lasts longer and produces more microcracks than the unstable expansion stage. Due to the existence of the borehole-sealing device, the three-dimensional hydraulic fracture first initiates and expands along the axial direction in the bare borehole section, then extends along the axial direction in the non-bare hole section and finally expands along the axial direction in the rock mass without the borehole. The network formed by hydraulic fracture in rock is not a pure plane, but rather a curved spatial surface. The curved spatial surface passes through both the centre of the borehole and the axial direction relative to the borehole. Due to the boundary effect, the curved spatial surface goes toward the plane in which the maximum principal stress occurs. The local ground stress field is changed due to the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures. The propagation direction of the fractures between the fracturing boreholes will be deflected. A fracture propagation pressure that is greater than the minimum principle stress and a tension field that is induced in the leading edge of the fracture end, will aid to fracture intersection; as a result, the possibility of connecting the boreholes will increase.
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SINGH, B. P., and AMIT VERMA. "THERMAL EXPANSION IN SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES." International Journal of Nanoscience 07, no. 06 (2008): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x0800547x.
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Energy stored in a bond depends on the bond length and bond angle. We use computer simulation software to measure the bond lengths and bond angles, diameters and other parameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and employ the results to determine thermal expansion of SWCNTs in the radial and axial directions. It is found in this study that at low temperatures and even at room temperature, SWCNTs show negative thermal expansion in both the radial and axial directions (the diameter and length both decrease with the increase in temperature). At high temperatures the expansion becomes positive in the radial and axial directions (the diameter and length both increase with increasing temperature). Thermal expansion in the radial direction does not depend on the tube helicity. SWCNTs of large diameter show higher thermal expansion in the radial direction than that for small diameter tubes up to 700 K, but beyond 700 K the opposite occurs.
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Ali, M. A., N. Abbas, A. Abbas, and N. Zahra. "Analysis of Thermal Stresses Induced in Radiant Tubes for Heat Exchanger Applications Using Finite Element Method." Nucleus 55, no. 3 (2018): 133–38. https://doi.org/10.71330/thenucleus.2018.432.
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In this research, the thermal stresses in the radiant tubes were analyzed using finite element method successfully. Thermal stresses are critical factor influencing on the strength of heat exchanger tubes. Radiant tube of Steel Alloy, Super 22H was analyzed by using finite element analysis. It is investigated that thermal stresses in radiant tubes faces different temperature gradients in axial, circumferential and radial directions. There are no significant thermal stresses in axial direction when there is linear temperature gradient. In addition, it is observed that considerable thermal stresses are induced with nonlinear temperature gradient in axial direction. In order to calculate thermal stresses in circumferential direction, the temperature variations in angular position is also applied. Radial thermal stresses are calculated by applying specific temperature difference between inner and outer radii. Localized heating & hot spot in inner or outer radii and bend in tubes are also major causes of thermal stresses.
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Feng, GY, FZ Qu, XB Wang, BC Wang, YJ Xue, and WQ Fu. "Finite Element Analysis on the Anisotropic Characteristics of 3D Woven Resin Matrix Composites under Lateral Compression." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460, no. 1 (2023): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012103.
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Abstract 3D meso-structural composites with three layers were constructed using 3D modeling software Pro/E, and the static anisotropic characteristics of the composites under lateral compression in warp and weft directions were simulated by using finite element analysis software ANSYS. The mechanical properties of the composites under lateral compression were predicted by analyzing the stress and strain distribution of fiber and resin in the composites under lateral compression load. The anisotropic characteristics of composites were then analyzed. Results showed that the lateral compression property of the composites was anisotropic, and the lateral compression performance in weft direction was better than that in warp direction. In the composite, fiber bears more load, and the resin undergoes greater deformation. Fibers whose axial direction is parallel to the lateral compression direction bears greater load, while fibers whose axial direction is perpendicular to the lateral compression direction bears less load.
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Dabagh, Mahsa, Payman Jalali, Peter J. Butler, Amanda Randles, and John M. Tarbell. "Mechanotransmission in endothelial cells subjected to oscillatory and multi-directional shear flow." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 130 (2017): 20170185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0185.
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Local haemodynamics are linked to the non-uniform distribution of atherosclerosic lesions in arteries. Low and oscillatory (reversing in the axial flow direction) wall shear stress (WSS) induce inflammatory responses in endothelial cells (ECs) mediating disease localization. The objective of this study is to investigate computationally how the flow direction (reflected in WSS variation on the EC surface over time) influences the forces experienced by structural components of ECs that are believed to play important roles in mechanotransduction. A three-dimensional, multi-scale, multi-component, viscoelastic model of focally adhered ECs is developed, in which oscillatory WSS (reversing or non-reversing) parallel to the principal flow direction, or multi-directional oscillatory WSS with reversing axial and transverse components are applied over the EC surface. The computational model includes the glycocalyx layer, actin cortical layer, nucleus, cytoskeleton, focal adhesions (FAs), stress fibres and adherens junctions (ADJs). We show the distinct effects of atherogenic flow profiles (reversing unidirectional flow and reversing multi-directional flow) on subcellular structures relative to non-atherogenic flow (non-reversing flow). Reversing flow lowers stresses and strains due to viscoelastic effects, and multi-directional flow alters stress on the ADJs perpendicular to the axial flow direction. The simulations predict forces on integrins, ADJ filaments and other substructures in the range that activate mechanotransduction.
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Iwai, Manabu, Shinichi Ninomiya, Zhi Rong Zhou, and Kiyoshi Suzuki. "Effect of Ultrasonic EDM on Machinability of Coarse PCD." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.362.
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For a purpose to improve electric discharge machinability of PCD composed of coarse (25μm) diamond particles, which has been thought to be extremely difficult to EDM, in this study, a method (US-EDM) to give an ultrasonic vibration to an electrode in axial direction, flexural direction and complex direction that couples axial and flexural directions was attempted. As a result, it was found that EDM efficiency could be improved to 6 times higher (0.065mm3/min) than a standard efficiency (0.011mm3/min) obtained in machining conventional PCD (C-PCD) and the electrode wear could be reduced to 1/2 by giving vibrations to the electrode in axial direction (frequency f=28kHz, amplitude δ=18μm). Further, this method (US-EDM) was applied also to a new PCD (EC-PCD) composed of electrically conductive diamond particles. As a result, it was made clear that EDM efficiency could be improved to 0.22mm3/min. This value is equivalent to approximately 5 times higher efficiency obtained in the machining of ordinary die steel and cemented carbide materials.
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Liu, Zhi Jun, Xiao Ming Qian, and Shou Hui Chen. "Tearing Analysis of Coated Fabrics under Mono-Axial Tensile Stresses." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1082.
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Being torn apart due to the slit initially cut on coated fabrics is the typical form of failure under mono-axial tensile load. The mono-axial centre slit tear test of coated fabrics was conducted to investigate the influences of slit orientation and initial slit length on the tearing strengths and corresponding tearing elongation. Given a fixed initial slit length, the tear strength and displacement both decreased with the increase of angle between the slit and the load direction. The tear strengths and corresponding elongations increased with the reduction of the slit lengths, when the slits inclining 30 ° and 60° to the mono-axial tensile load direction, respectively. However, the influence of slit lengths was insignificant when the slits were perpendicular or parallel to the load directions.
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Li, Zite, Genhui Wang, Jiang Fan, Yue Jian, and Yongliang Zhang. "Analysis of Traveling Wave and Combined Site Effect of Long-Span Upper-Bearing Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Arch Bridge." Advances in Civil Engineering 2024 (January 16, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4618708.
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In order to study the traveling wave effect and combined site effect of long-span steel tube concrete-filled arch bridge, a 400-m span bridge of the same type is taken as an example, and a large-mass time-history analysis method with multipoint input of recorded seismic waves is used. A total of 11 kinds of traveling wave excitations and 9 kinds of combined site excitations under 4 types of typical sites are carried out to calculate the structural response, and the chord axial force ratio and displacement changes are compared and analyzed. The results show that the long-span arch bridge also has nonuniform seismic excitation conditions in the lateral and vertical directions, and the spatial effect of the structural response is significant; under the traveling wave excitation, the change of the axial force ratio of the chord has a certain periodicity, and it is not the larger the axial force ratio is, the larger the axial force ratio is; the X direction has a significant influence, the maximum axial force ratio of the vault under the design condition is 6.26, and the changes in the Y and Z directions are relatively gentle, but there are still nearly two times the working condition; after the same amplitude modulation of different recorded waves, under the uniform excitation, the axial force is similar, but the displacement is quite different; under the unidirectional traveling wave excitation, the displacement in the X and Z directions shows an accelerating and increasing trend toward the vault. When it is relatively consistent under the unidirectional combined site excitation, and the axial force ratio changes under small and then increases, the L/4–3L/8 segment has a significant impact; the axial force ratio changes are the combined site excitation in different directions are spatially random; three under the combined site excitation. The axial force ratio in the orthogonal direction changes greatly. When the hard field is transformed into the soft field, the axial force ratio decreases, and the displacement increases continuously.
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Fuß, Moritz, Hendrik Abrahams, Bernhard Buse, and Dirk Biermann. "Production of Deep Bore Holes with Non-Circular Profiles." Advanced Materials Research 1140 (August 2016): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1140.197.
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Deep hole drilling is a process for the production of cylindrical bore holes with a large length to diameter ratio. The variation of parameters is limited to those ones of the conventional drilling process such as rotation and feed motion. A special deep hole drilling process, named “chamber-boring”, was developed for the production of contoured bore holes in axial direction [1]. For specific applications not only a contouring in axial direction is required but also a radial contouring is necessary. In the course of a ZIM – project (Central Innovation Programme for SMEs), supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) and in close collaboration with the BGTB GmbH and the Institute of Machining Technology (ISF), a new “chamber boring system” which allows contouring of boreholes in axial and radial directions was developed. Based on this machining system, the manufacturing of pipes with a wavelike cross section in radial direction is possible.
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Lee, Y. I., C. W. Shih, W. C. Chang, H. W. Chang, and Y. J. Chen. "Inhomogeneity on texture, microstructure and magnetic properties of hot deformed R2Fe14B-typed magnet." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 10n11 (2015): 1540007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921540007x.
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The inhomogeneity on texture, microstructure and magnetic properties of hot deformed (HD) disc shape R 2 Fe 14 B -typed magnets along radial and axial directions has been investigated. HD disc shape NdFeB magnet exhibits inhomogeneous texture, grain morphologies and magnetic properties not only along the radial direction but also along the axial direction. Higher magnetic properties can be found in the middle part of the HD magnet, due to the existence of larger volume fraction of plate-like Nd 2 Fe 14 B grains and the well c-axis alignment parallel to the pressing direction. In addition, particle-like and coarser grains are easily found not only in the bottom but also in the edge of the HD magnet, which may degrade the magnetic performance of the samples cut from those parts. Owing to the inhomogeneity of (00L) texture and grain morphologies along axial and radial directions, the optimal magnetic properties of B r = 12.7 kG, H ci = 5.1 kOe and (BH) max = 39 MGOe can be obtained only in the middle sample of HD magnet with slight polishing the top and bottom surfaces.
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Furutani, Ryoshu. "Measurement of six degree bi-directional motion error of linear stage." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815306007.
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We proposed the measurement system of the six degree of motion errors which is based on distance measurement by the laser interferometer. The system has six parallel laser beams and six ball lenses as the retroreflectors on the linear stage, which reflect the corresponding laser beams. In the proposed system, the error of axial direction is measured with the ordinary distance measurement method by laser interferometer. The vertical errors to the axial direction and the roll errors around the optical axis are measured by tilted beams using the wedge prism. The pitch and yaw errors in the vertical plane to the optical axis are measured by the difference between distance of two ball lenses. The former system can measure the displacement and the error angle in one-direction. The propose system are expanded and bi-directional displacement and error angle can be measured. In this paper, it is shown how to expand the measurement system. As a result, the maximum displacement errors in x, y and z directions are 242nm, 179nm and 90nm. The maximum rotational errors around x, y, z axes are 1.75 arcsec, 2.35 arcsec and 1.67 arcsec.
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Lu, Xiao, Aditya Pandit, and Ghassan S. Kassab. "Biaxial incremental homeostatic elastic moduli of coronary artery: two-layer model." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 4 (2004): H1663—H1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00226.2004.
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The detailed mechanical properties of various layers of the coronary artery are important for understanding the function of the vessel. The present article is focused on the determination of the incremental modulus in different layers and directions in the neighborhood of the in vivo state. The incremental modulus can be defined for any material subjected to a large deformation if small perturbations in strain lead to small perturbations of stresses in a linear fashion. This analysis was applied to the porcine coronary artery, which was treated as a two-layered structure consisting of an inner intima-media layer and an outer adventitia layer. We adopted a theory based on small-perturbation experiments at homeostatic conditions for determination of incremental moduli in circumferential, axial, and cross directions in the two layers. The experiments were based on inflation and axial stretch. We demonstrate that under homeostatic conditions the incremental moduli are layer- and direction dependent. The incremental modulus is highest in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, in the circumferential direction, the media is stiffer than the whole wall, which is stiffer than the adventitia. In the axial direction, the adventitia is stiffer than the intact wall, which is stiffer than the media. Hence, the coronary artery must be treated as a composite, nonisotropic body. The data acquire physiological relevance in relation to coronary artery health and disease.
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Heintzmann, R., G. Kreth, and C. Cremer. "Reconstruction of Axial Tomographic High Resolution Data from Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy: A Method for Improving 3D FISH Images." Analytical Cellular Pathology 20, no. 1 (2000): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/459351.
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Fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy allows an improved imaging of microscopic objects in three dimensions. However, the resolution along the axial direction is three times worse than the resolution in lateral directions. A method to overcome this axial limitation is tilting the object under the microscope, in a way that the direction of the optical axis points into different directions relative to the sample. A new technique for a simultaneous reconstruction from a number of such axial tomographic confocal data sets was developed and used for high resolution reconstruction of 3D‐data both from experimental and virtual microscopic data sets. The reconstructed images have a highly improved 3D resolution, which is comparable to the lateral resolution of a single deconvolved data set. Axial tomographic imaging in combination with simultaneous data reconstruction also opens the possibility for a more precise quantification of 3D data. The color images of this publication can be accessed from http://www.esacp.org/acp/2000/20‐1/heintzmann.htm. At this web address an interactive 3D viewer is additionally provided for browsing the 3D data. This java applet displays three orthogonal slices of the data set which are dynamically updated by user mouse clicks or keystrokes.
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Wang, Wen, X. X. Li, and Zi Chen Chen. "A Planar Capacitive Sensor for Large Scale Measurement." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.509.
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A planar capacitive sensor (PCS) is proposed for X and Y directions measurement. One axial displacement can be measured without the coupling of another axial movement. Two groups electrodes with 90 degree out-of-phase, forming triangle sine and triangle cosine wave, can be applied for direction detection and interpolation, aiming at high resolution. Simulation results show that proposed PCS is available for planar measurement.
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Hong, Min-Ki, Hyun-Jo Pyo, Si-Woo Song, Dong-Hoon Jung, and Won-Ho Kim. "A Study on the Improvement of Power Density of Axial Flux Motors for Collaborative Robot Joints through Same-Direction Skew." Machines 11, no. 6 (2023): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11060591.
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Axial flux motors have a large output density with a large outer diameter of the motor and a short axial length. Since it is advantageous in short axial length, the axial thickness of motor components becomes a very important parameter when designing axial flux motors. Among the components, the back yoke exists to serve as a path for magnetic flux and must have a certain thickness to prevent magnetic saturation. However, as the thickness of the back yoke increases within the axial size limit of the motor, the output of the motor may decrease. In this paper, same-direction skew that increases the cross-sectional area of the magnetic flux path without increasing the thickness of the back yoke is presented. Same-direction skew is a way to increase the cross-sectional area of the back yoke by skewing the rotor and stator in the same direction. The back yoke thickness that can be reduced by same-direction skew was calculated. Performance with same-direction skew designed using the equations was analyzed and compared, and the effectiveness of each type of rotor was verified. The validity of the proposed model was examined using the finite element analysis method.
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Hsu, Wei-En, Ching-Hsiao Yu, Chih-Ju Chang, Hung-Kang Wu, Tsong-Han Yu, and Ching-Shiow Tseng. "C-Arm Image-Based Surgical Path Planning Method for Distal Locking of Intramedullary Nails." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4530386.
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Due to the curvature of the bone marrow cavity, the intramedullary nail used in long bone fracture fixation can be deformed, causing displacement of the locking holes. In this study, an algorithm using only one C-arm image to determine the center positions and axial directions of locking holes was developed for drilling guidance. Based on conventional method that the axial direction of locking hole would be identified when locking hole contour is presented as a circle, the proposed method can locate the circle contour centroid by using one C-arm image including two elliptical contours. Then the two distal locking holes’ axial direction and centers would be determined. Three experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, which are (1) computer simulation, (2) use of real intramedullary nails, and (3) actual drilling test with the bone model. The experimental results showed that the average error of the axial direction and center position were 0.62 ± 0.6°, 0.73 ± 0.53 mm (simulation) and 3.16 ± 1.36°, 1.10 ± 0.50 mm (actual nail), respectively. The last ten drilling test sets were completed successfully (with an average duration of 48 seconds). Based on the experimental results, the proposed algorithm was feasible for clinic applications.
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Huang, Chunlong, Kunde Yang, Hui Li, and Yukun Zhang. "The Flow Noise Calculation for an Axisymmetric Body in a Complex Underwater Environment." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9 (2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090323.
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The flow noise of a sonar platform is one of the main background interferences for sonar applications. This paper focuses on the flow noise of an axisymmetric body in a complex oceanic environment. Under the condition of a constant stream velocity which comes from the axial direction, an analytical method for computing the flow noise power spectrum in the transition region of the axisymmetric body is given in detail. The flow noise power spectrum computed by the analytical method is in agreement with the numerical simulation result. Then the flow noise physical features of the axisymmetric body in different incoming stream directions and velocity states caused by the complex oceanic environment are computed and analyzed by the numerical method. The results show that as the incoming stream direction changes, the transition region will migrate and the flow noise radiation direction of the axisymmetric body will also rotate at an angle which equals the stream direction variation. The flow noise energy generated by other directional incoming streams is slightly larger than that generated by the stream coming from an axial direction. When the incoming stream velocity is time-varying, the vorticity change on the axisymmetric body surface is obviously stronger than that under a constant stream, and the generated flow noise energy is also significantly larger. In addition, it indicates that there is a significant correlation between the intensity of flow noise energy and the magnitude of flow velocity.
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ACHARYYA, MUKTISH. "AXIAL AND OFF-AXIAL DYNAMIC TRANSITIONS IN UNIAXIALLY ANISOTROPIC HEISENBERG FERROMAGNET: A COMPARISON." International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, no. 01 (2003): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103004206.
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Uniaxially anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet, in the presence of a magnetic field varying sinusoidally in time, is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The axial (field applied only along the direction of anisotropy) and off-axial (field applied only along the direction which is perpendicular to the direction of anisotropy) dynamic transitions are studied. By studying the distribution of the dynamic order parameter component, it is observed that the axial transition is discontinuous for low anisotropy and becomes continuous in high anisotropy. The off-axial transition is found to be continuous for all values of anisotropy. In the infinite anisotropy limit, both types of transitions are compared with that observed in an Ising ferromagnet for the same value of the field and frequency. The infinitely anisotropic axial transition and dynamic transition in the Ising ferromagnet occur at different temperatures, whereas the infinitely anisotropic off-axial transition and the equilibrium ferro-para transition in the Ising model occur at the same temperature.
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Zhu, Yue, Licheng Zhu, Wangkun Guo, et al. "Multiscale Static Compressive Damage Characteristics of Kiwifruit Based on the Finite Element Method." Foods 13, no. 5 (2024): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13050785.
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In the handling or processing process, fruits are easily crushed by external loads. This type of damage in fruit often leads to the internal pulp browning and rotting, with the severity largely dependent on the fruit tissue’s geometric and mechanical properties. In kiwifruits, with their thin skin and dark-colored flesh, it is particularly challenging to observe and analyze the damage caused by extrusion through traditional experimental methods. The objective of this research is to construct a multi-scale finite element model encompassing the skin, flesh, and core by measuring the geometric and mechanical properties of kiwifruit, to assess and predict the damage characteristics under compression, and to verify the accuracy of the finite element model through experiments. The results indicated that kiwifruits demonstrated different compressive strengths in different directions during compression. The compressive strength in the axial direction was higher than that in the radial direction, and there was little difference between the long and short radial directions. The flesh tissue is the most vulnerable to mechanical damage under external compression, followed by the core. At strain levels below 5%, there was no noticeable damage in the axial or radial directions of the kiwifruit. However, when strain exceeded 5%, damage began to manifest in some of the flesh tissue. To maintain fruit quality during storage and transportation, the stacking height should not exceed 77 fruits in the axial direction, 48 in the long direction, and 53 in the short direction. The finite element analysis showed that the established model can effectively simulate and predict the internal damage behavior of kiwifruits under compression loads, which is helpful for a deeper understanding of the mechanical properties of fruits and provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for minimizing mechanical damage during fruit handling.
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NIU, Ruikun, Zhongming WU, Huantao WANG, and Li SUN. "Effect of Vibration Direction on Vibration-Assisted Fixed Abrasive Polishing." Mechanics 30, no. 1 (2024): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.34089.
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In order to study the effect of vibration direction on vibration-assisted fixed abrasive polishing and explore the influence rule of vibration direction on material removal rate and workpiece surface quality, a single abrasive particle vibration-assisted fixed abrasive polishing model was established to study the effect of axial and radial vibration on workpiece profile depth, surface morphology, etc. And the experiments of vibration-assisted fixed abrasive polishing in different vibration directions were carried out. The results show that axial vibration auxiliary polishing can greatly advance the processing efficiency, and improve the workpiece material removal rate by 27.6%; radial vibration auxiliary polishing can achieve better surface quality, and reduces the surface roughness by 59.8%.
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Ikeuchi, Takehito, Akihiro Koyama, Muneyuki Imafuku, Shun Fujieda, Yusuke Onuki, and Shigeru Suzuki. "Evaluation of Tri-Axial Magnetostriction in Cube-Oriented Fe-Ga Single Crystal by Using X-Ray Diffraction Method." Materials Science Forum 909 (November 2017): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.909.300.
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We carried out in situ tri-axial magnetostriction analysis for cube-oriented Fe-18%Ga single crystal by X-ray diffraction measurement under magnetic field. Periodic change in tri-axial magnetostriction with applied magnetic field direction was clearly observed. However, those values in [100] and [010] directions were not equivalent. Theoretical calculation of magnetostriction considering domain structure revealed this is caused by the non-equivalent volume fraction of initial magnetic domains.
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Bao, L., M. Sakurai, M. Takatera, M. Nakazawa, and A. Shrohara. "Restitution Characteristics of Yarns in the Axial Direction." Textile Research Journal 72, no. 8 (2002): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750207200807.
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Cui, Jianlei, Lijun Yang, and Yang Wang. "Nanowelding configuration between carbon nanotubes in axial direction." Applied Surface Science 264 (January 2013): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.10.102.
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Choi, M., R. Greif, and H. R. Baum. "A Study of Heat Transfer and Particle Motion Relative to the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition Process." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 4 (1989): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250764.
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Heat transfer and particle motion relative to the modified chemical vapor deposition process have been studied for general values of the torch speed. Three-dimensional temperature fields have been obtained over the entire cross section of the tube and the effects of tube rotation and localized torch heating in the axial and circumferential directions have been studied. The particle trajectories have been calculated from a formulation that includes the contributions from forced flow, i.e, Poiseuille flow in the axial direction, rigid body rotation about the tube axis, and thermophoretic contributions in the axial, radial, and angular directions. The particle trajectories are helices and are shown to be strongly dependent on the tube rotation.
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Takamizawa, K., K. Hayashi, and T. Matsuda. "Isometric biaxial tension of smooth muscle in isolated cylindrical segments of rabbit arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 1 (1992): H30—H34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.1.h30.
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Biaxial tension developed in the common carotid and femoral arteries of rabbits by the activation of smooth muscle was determined in vitro using cylindrical segments. While the smooth muscle was stimulated with 10(-5) M norepinephrine, the intraluminal pressure and axial force were measured under isometric conditions, i.e., keeping the diameter and length constant. The development of the active tension in the axial direction was roughly proportional to that in the circumferential direction. The ratio of the axial stress response to the circumferential one was positively correlated to the ratio of the axial stretch to the circumferential one. The axial response was larger than expected from the histological observation that the smooth muscle cells align almost circumferentially. This means that although smooth muscle cells are oriented almost circumferentially, the extracellular matrix transmitted the smooth muscle constriction force not only in the circumferential direction, but also in the longitudinal direction under isometric conditions.
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Bonduelle, Ghislaine Miranda, Setsuo Iwakiri, Rosilani Trianoski, José Guilherme Prata, and Vinicius Yurk Rocha. "ANÁLISE DA MASSA ESPECÍFICA E DA RETRATIBILIDADE DA MADEIRA DE Tectona grandis NOS SENTIDOS AXIAL E RADIAL DO TRONCO." FLORESTA 45, no. 4 (2015): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i4.31991.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a massa específica e a retratibilidade da madeira nos sentidos axial e radial do tronco. Foram coletadas cinco árvores com 18 anos, provenientes do município de Brasnorte, MT, as quais foram seccionadas nas posições da base, meio e topo, para avaliação das propriedades no sentido axial. Da parte diametral das toras foram obtidos pranchões onde foram controladas as posições radiais. A avaliação da massa específica e da retratibilidade da madeira seguiu as recomendações da norma panamericana. Os resultados demonstraram que a teca possui massa específica aparente a 12% de 0,606 g.cm-3, massa especifica básica de 0,524 g.cm-3 e fator anisotrópico de 2,271. Não foram observadas grandes variações de propriedades tanto no sentido axial quanto no radial. As propriedades físicas demonstram que a madeira possui média estabilidade dimensional, podendo ser indicada para aplicações em laminação, lambris, portas, decoração e movelaria. AbstractAnalysis of wood density and shrinkage of Tectona grandis wood in axial and radial direction of the tree trunk. This research aimed to evaluate density and shrinkage of wood in axial and radial directions of the tree. We collected five trees aged 18, from the city of Brasnorte, MT, which were cut at the base, middle and top, for evaluation of the properties in axial direction. We obtained planks from the diametric part of the logs, from which we controlled radial positions. The evaluation of density and shrinkage of wood followed the panamerican standard recommendations. The results revealed that teak has apparent density at 12% of 0.606 g.cm-3, basic density 0.524 g.cm-3, and anisotropic fator of 2,271. There were no major variations in properties both in axial and radial direction. The physical properties demonstrate that the timber has medium dimensional stability, and it could be used in peeling, sidings, doors, decorating and furniture industry.Keywords: Teak; anisotropy; dimensional stability; wood quality.
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Tănase, Maria. "A Comprehensive Synthesis on Analytical Algorithms for Assessing Elastic Buckling Loads of Thin-Walled Isotropic and Laminated Cylindrical Shells." Processes 12, no. 10 (2024): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12102120.
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A comprehensive review is presented on the main analytical methods used in the specialized literature to evaluate the buckling loads of thin-walled cylindrical shells (TWCS) subjected to different mechanical loads or load combinations. The analytical formulations are first presented for unstiffened TWCS, followed by stiffened TWCS in different configurations (stiffeners in the axial direction, circumferential direction or both axial and circumferential directions, placed on the external or internal surface of the shell). This research can serve as a helpful resource for researchers investigating this field, allowing the analytical methods to be used as a reference basis for numerical and experimental results regarding the behavior of structures in the category of TWCS.
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Wu, Haihua, Yu Sun, Jianhui Peng, Caihua Huang, and Xicong Ye. "Effect of processing parameters on dimensional accuracy and bending strength of graphite flake/phenolic resin powder mixture in SLS process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 13 (2019): 4497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219830747.
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Graphite flake/phenolic resin powder mixture had been prepared via selective laser sintering process. A dimensional analysis involving radial and axial deviation was performed, and the effect of SLS process parameters (laser power, scan spacing, scan speed, layer thickness) in both radial and axial directions were investigated. Laser power is found to be the most significant process variable in radial dimensional accuracy, while in axial direction layer thickness and laser power are the most significant process variable by range analysis based on orthogonal experiment. The optimum combination of parameters in graphite flake/phenolic resin powders mixture SLS process for high dimensional accuracy in radial direction was laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer thickness of 20 W, 1500 m/s, 0.1 mm, and 0.1 mm, respectively, while the optimum combination of parameters in axial direction was laser power, scan speed, scan spacing, and layer thickness of 20 W, 2000 mm/s, 0.1 mm, and 0.15 mm, respectively. Energy density was introduced to better incorporate the processing parameters with dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties, and both dimensional accuracy and bending strength were analyzed under varying energy density and layer thickness, and results showed that in the range of energy density of 0.075–0.15 J/mm2, layer thickness of 0.1–0.2 mm, a graphite flake/phenolic resin laser sintered part with appropriate bending strength and dimensional accuracy could be prepared.
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Han, Jiang Gui. "Research on Fracture Problem of Rubber - Metal Ring." Advanced Materials Research 460 (February 2012): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.460.180.
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In the paper, the interface crack of rubber - metal ring under the radial displacement load was studied by nonlinear finite element method, changes of the tear energy with crack dimension which extending from extrusion end and tensile end along the axial and circumferential direction to the interface was analyzed. The result is that there is a certain possibility of axial extension in the tensile end. The crack propagation is most likely to occur along the circumferential direction while is impossible along either axial or the circumferential direction in the extrusion end
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Han, Jiang Gui, Xin Yue Wu, and Ping Hao Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis on Fracture Problem of Rubber - Metal Ring." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.809.
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In the paper, the interface crack of rubber - metal ring under the radial displacement load was studied by nonlinear finite element method, changes of the tear energy with crack dimension which extending from extrusion end and tensile end along the axial and circumferential direction to the interface was analyzed. The result is that there is a certain possibility of axial extension in the tensile end. The crack propagation is most likely to occur along the circumferential direction while is impossible along either axial or the circumferential direction in the extrusion end.
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Zhong, Wei Zhou, Shun Cheng Song, Ruo Ze Xie, Xi Cheng Huang, and Gang Chen. "Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Cushion Properties of Spruce Wood in Three Kinds of Impact Directions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2321.
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Numerical simulation on container cushion behavior in three impact loading directions is implemented in the present work. The results show that the energy absorption abilities are different in axial, radial and tangential loading directions. For certain deformation condition, energy absorption in axial loading is the most. And energy absorption abilities along radial and tangential loading are nearly equal. For certain energy absorption quantity, the deformation in axial loading is the least and the deformations in radial and tangential loading are larger. It can be concluded that wood grain should be perpendicular to protected object for low velocity, small energy absorption case. And wood radial or tangential direction should be perpendicular to protected object for high velocity, large energy absorption case.
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Liu, Wei, Qi Wang, and Min Nie. "Structure and performance of polybutene-1 pipes produced via mandrel rotation extrusion." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 1 (2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0245.
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Abstract In this article, a new rotational extrusion processing system was adopted for manufacturing of polybutene-1 (PB-1) pipes, and the effects of mandrel rotation speed on their structures and mechanical performances were studied. The experimental results showed that besides the conventional axial extrusion flow field, a hoop shear stress field imposed to the melt, which was generated by the introduction of mandrel rotation, could lead the combined stress apart from the axial direction of the pipes to induce the molecular orientation deviated from the axial direction. Thus, the axial orientation of PB-1 was restrained, which was revealed by thermal shrinkage measurements and polarized infrared spectra. Moreover, it was also found and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction that orientation mainly existed in the amorphous region rather than the crystal region. Differential scanning calorimetry tests showed that the mandrel rotation could facilitate the formation of more perfect crystals and higher crystallinity. As a result, compared with the PB-1 pipe produced by conventional extrusion, the hoop strength of the PB-1 pipes manufactured at a mandrel rotation speed of 8 rpm increased from 20.2 to 24.9 MPa, achieving a mechanical balance in both axial and hoop directions.
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Elizabeth, Viola, and Fanny Hidayati. "Cell Dimension and Proportion of Acacia aulacocarpa Wood in Axial and Radial Directions from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 30, no. 2 (2025): 359–67. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.30.2.359.
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The information related anatomical characteristics (cell dimension and proportion) of Acacia aulacocarpa is still limited also for its axial and radial variations. This research aimed to analyze variation of the anatomical characteristics in axial and radial direction. Three trees of 27-year-old A. aulacocarpa planted in Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta were used. This research covered a completely randomized design with two factors, the axial direction (base, middle, and top of the trunk) and the radial direction (near pith, between pith and bark, and near bark) in triplicate. A two-way analysis of variants was used. The measured parameters were fiber dimensions (length, diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness) and cell proportions (fiber, vessel, ray parenchyma, and axial parenchyma). The results showed that average value of fiber dimensions was as follow: fiber length 0.94 mm; fiber diameter 17.43 µm; lumen diameter 11.75 µm; and fiber wall thickness 2.84 µm. The average value of cell proportions was 52.48% of fibers cell proportion; 17.5% of wood vessel proportion; 15.69% of axial parenchyma proportion; and 16.68% of ray’s parenchyma proportion. The axial position factor does not affect the proportion and dimensions of the fiber. However, the radial position factor affects the proportion of fiber cells, the proportion of wood vessels, the proportion of axial parenchyma, fiber length, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness. Fiber length, fiber lumen diameter, cell wall thickness increased from near the pith to the middle and then remained relatively constant toward the bark. Based on these results, it is suspected that the middle and near the bark are mature wood. Keywords: Acacia aulacocarpa, cell dimension, cell proportion, radial direction, axial direction
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Jiangtao, Ji, Hu Jingpeng, Wang Shengsheng, Zhang Ruihong, and Pang Jing. "VIBRATION AND IMPACT DETECTION OF AXIAL- FLOW THRESHING UNIT UNDER DYNAMIC THRESHING CONDITIONS." INMATEH Agricultural Engineering 60, no. 1 (2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-60-21.
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In order to explore the interaction between the axial-flow threshing unit and the agricultural materials, the vibration signal of the axial-flow threshing unit and the stress signal of the internal threshing tooth under the dynamic threshing condition were detected by using the three-way acceleration sensors and the resistance strain gauges. The results show that under the dynamic threshing condition, the amplitude of the vibration signal along the axial direction of the threshing unit experienced a small change, but changed greatly at the feeding direction of materials and vertical direction of fixed bearings, which was mainly caused by the internal impact between the threshing unit and the materials; Under the impact of materials, the threshing element of each measuring point has a continuous peak value of stress signal, and the stress signals gradually decreased along the axial direction. This study further reveals the interaction mechanism between axial-flow threshing unit and materials from the perspective of vibration and impact, and provides new methods for the development of condition detection technology of grain harvesting equipment.
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Kinouchi, Hiroaki, Naoyuki Sanada, and Tomohiro Suetsuna. "Evaluation of three-dimensional electromagnetic properties of a soft magnetic composite containing amorphous Fe–Co–B–Si magnetic flakes with magnetic anisotropy." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (2022): 035123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000270.
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We investigated electromagnetic properties in a previously developed soft magnetic composite (SMC) containing amorphous Fe-Co-B-Si magnetic flakes with magnetic anisotropy. Magnetic permeability, core loss, and electrical resistivity in three axial directions were measured. These measurements revealed that magnetic permeability differed between the three axial directions, whereas core loss was larger in the direction perpendicular to the flattened plane of the interior flakes than in the other two directions, although it was still expected to be acceptable for applications due to the relatively high electrical resistivity. This paper is the first direct evidence that such an SMC would have three-dimensional magnetic anisotropy and low core loss.
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Wang, Sijia, Zengzhe Xi, Pinyang Fang, Xiaojuan Li, Wei Long, and Aiguo He. "Element Segregation and Electrical Properties of PMN-32PT Grown Using the Bridgman Method." Crystals 9, no. 2 (2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9020098.
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A single crystal with nominal composition Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-32PbTiO3 (PMN-32PT) was grown by the Bridgman technique. Crystal orientation was determined using the rotating orientation X-ray diffraction (RO-XRD). Element distribution was measured along different directions using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The effect of the element segregation along axial and radial directions on the electrical properties of the PMN-32PT crystal was investigated. It is indicated that the electrical properties of the samples along the axial direction were strongly dependent on the PT (PbTiO3) content. With the increase of the PT content, the piezoelectric coefficient and remnant polarization were improved. Differently, the electrical properties of the samples along the radial direction were mainly determined by the ratio of the Nb and Mg. The reasons for the element segregation and electrical properties varied with the composition were discussed.
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Wang, Feng, Zhijie Yang, Xiangzhou Hu, Yu Pan, Yuan Lu, and Man Jiang. "Coaxial 3D printed anisotropic thermal conductive composite aerogel with aligned hierarchical porous carbon nanotubes and cellulose nanofibers." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac4e4e.
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Abstract Thermal management materials are obtaining increasing research interest, due to the requirement on energy conservation and environment protection. However, the complex designs and energy-consuming manufacturing processes prohibit their wide spread practical account. 3D printing is an intriguing revolutionary technology in fabricating anisotropic thermal conductive materials because of its inherent virtues on directional additive manufacturing a complicated subject with designed microstructure. We demonstrate the coaxial 3D printing along with directional freezing processes to obtain anisotropic thermal conductive composite aerogel consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The as prepared composite aerogel, with the thermal conductive CNTs as inner layer, and the insulate CNFs as outer layer, presented remarkable anisotropic thermal conductivity with 0.025 W (m K)−1 in the axial direction and 0.302 W (m K)−1 in the radial direction. The Young’s modulus of the CNTs/CNFs composite aerogel was tested to be 10.91 MPa in the axial direction, and 2.62 MPa in the radial direction, respectively. The coaxial 3D printed CNTs/CNFs composite aerogel has great potential application in electronics, especially for those custom-tailored products and the related field.