Journal articles: 'Axial load'

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Capobianco, G., N. Bohun, M. Gratton, R. Serra, A. Zinbi, and N. Rigollet. "Both radial and axial load distribution measurement on a V-band clamp by a new load cell design." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.8.432.

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This paper presents a method for determining the axial and radial load distribution of the moment generated in a V-band clamp and is validated experimentally using finite element analysis (FEA). The method comprises a slotted flange, which is distinguished by having three different profiles for different levels of load symmetrically divided among eight sectors. Each sector is characterised and calibrated. The load cell is analysed using finite element Abaqus software to predict and corroborate the system. In the experimental test, the axial and radial loads are measured using strain gauges for each sector and the total axial load is validated by three button sensors. Tests on the V-band clamp were successfully carried out and indicated a non-uniform distribution of axial and radial loads, with three highlights relating to existing papers: improved results for axial loads, new results for radial loads and an analysis of the moment and its direction, which is consistent with finite element studies.

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Hansapinyo, Chayanon, Suchart Limkatanyu, Hexin Zhang, and Thanongsak Imjai. "Residual Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Sequential Small Impact Loads." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 4, 2021): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110518.

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Sequential small impact loads may not collapse structures directly but could weaken the strength of structures. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these sequential small impact loads on the strength of the reinforced concrete beams. First, six sequential impact loads were applied to the test specimens. Then, the residual static capacity of the impacted specimens was determined by the ultimate static load test, compared with those of undamaged specimens. The experiment was composed of 12 specimens having identical dimensions. The variable parameters were the magnitude of the axial load and shear reinforcement. Under the sequential small impacts, the axial load improves the impact performance. It reduces the tensile strain of the longitudinal reinforcement. Hence, the flexural tensile crack propagation is limited. In addition, the local damage at the impact location is minimized and the shear plug induced diagonal shear crack is prevented. The axial force is also able to diminish the adverse effect of the large spacing stirrups. Large impact load could alter the failure of a designed flexural critical reinforced concrete beam without axial load to the shear failure. Although the axial load improves the impact response, the Residual Resistance Index (RRI) decreases with axial load. For the damaged specimens with axial load, the ultimate static load is lower than the calculated concrete shear capacity and more severe diagonal shear cracks were found. It can be obviously said that the prior impact damage decreases the concrete shear capacity.

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Zhang, Ming, Rongmin Jiang, and Hong Nie. "Analysis of axial stiffness characteristics of a mechanism of fluid bag shock absorber under alternative factors." Journal of Vibroengineering 18, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 682–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jve.2016.16610.

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A mechanism of fluid bag shock absorber which could provide axial shock protection under small displacement and small deformation was designed. The finite element model of the mechanism was established in ABAQUS, the different types of loads imposed on the bottom of mechanism when the mechanism worked in different environment were described and the load stiffness matrix was obtained when pressure loads were imposed on the mechanism. The effects of the notch in fluid bag on axial stiffness characteristics were discussed. The results indicate that the flip of inner shell occurs as the axial concentrated load is imposed to the bottom of inner shell and the notch in fluid bag has little effects on the increment of pressure and volume variation of bag. The equivalent axial force generated by pressure loads imposed on the inner shell was calculated, the axial displacement of inner shell as well as increment of bag pressure caused by pressure loads is larger than concentrated load. The effects of different factors affecting the axial stiffness characteristics were discussed. The factor of load type has almost no effects on the axial stiffness variation, and has small impact on the increment of pressure variation of bag; Outer shell appears to be one of the crucial factors affecting the axial stiffness and increment of bag pressure variations; Fluid bag is the key factor determining the axial stiffness characteristics of mechanism, both of the axial displacement of inner shell and increment of bag pressure increase with loads when the pressure loads are imposed on the surface of fluid bag.

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Jorge, Caroline de Freitas, Letícia Cerri Mazza, Marcio Campaner, Abbas Zahoui, Lorena Scaioni Silva, Kevin Henrique Cruz, and Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira. "The biomechanical behavior of single crown implant-supported prosthesis with different types of connections and occlusal loads: Photoelastic and strain gauge analysis." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 25, 2021): e26110918035. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18035.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior, through photoelastic (PA) and strain gauge analysis (SA), of single crown implant-supported prosthesis with different implant connections (external hexagon (EH), Morse taper (MT), internal Morse hexagon (IMH), Morse taper hexagon (MTH), and frictional Morse taper (FMT)) and different occlusal loads (axial and oblique (45°)). The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0,05). By photoelasticity, regarding axial load, EH produced more high-intensity fringes (2.784 kPa) than the other connections. For the oblique load, all connections generated the same high-intensity fringes (3.480 kPa), except by MT group, that produced the same amount as axial load (2.088 kPa). For the strain gauge analysis, for the axial load, EH showed the highest microstrains value (158,76) and lowets for MT (59,88). For all other groups, oblique load produced higher microstrains values than axial load. For the oblique load, MT showed the lowest microstrains value (88.79), followed by FMT (391,43), EH (468,47) and IMH (507,65). MTH presented the highest value (621,25) compared to all groups (P <0.05). When comparing both loads of the same connection system, only MT showed similar values (P <0.05). It was possible to conclude that the different connection systems tested directly influenced the stress distribution at both loads. The implants with internal connection present less stress distribution when submitted to axial load than the EH group. However, when the oblique load was applied, all connections presented higher values of stress distribution, except for the MT group.

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Torg, Joseph S., Helene Pavlov, Mary Jane O'Neill, Claude E. Nichols, and Brian Sennett. "The axial load teardrop fracture." American Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 4 (July 1991): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659101900406.

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Li, Yan, Bingjun Gao, Shuo Liu, Kaiming Lin, and Juncai Ding. "Finite Element Analysis of the Limit Load of Straight Pipes with Local Wall-Thinning Defects under Complex Loads." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 4850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104850.

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Local wall thinning is a common defect on the surface of pipelines, which can cause damage to the pipeline under complex pipeline loads. Based on the study on the limit load of straight pipes with defects, the nonlinear finite element method was used to analyze the limit load of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under internal pressure, bending moment, torque, axial force, and their combinations, and the empirical limit-load equations of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under single and complex loads were fitted. Based on the allowable load on the equipment nozzles, the influences of torque and axial force on the load-bearing capacity of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects were quantitatively analyzed. For medium and low-pressure equipment, the load-bearing capacity was reduced by 0.59~1.44% under the influence of torque, and by 0.83~1.80% under the influence of axial force. For high-pressure equipment, the load-bearing capacity was reduced by 10.07~20.90% under the influence of torque, and by 2.01~12.40% under the influence of axial force.

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Wang, Yan Shuang, Yan Wu, and Hai Feng Zhu. "Quasi-Static Analysis on a Large-Sized Four Contact-Point Slewing Bearing with Negative Axial Play." Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (February 2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.219.

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A quasi-static analysis of a large-sized four contact-point slewing bearing with negative axial play is performed. The values of normal contact loads of a slewing ring bearing between balls and inner/outer ring were computed at different negative axial plays without applied load. The results show that the normal loads of the four contact points increase as the absolute value of negative axial play increases. Slightly changing negative axial play makes big change on normal contact load. Startup friction torque can be improved largely by increasing slightly the absolute value of negative axial play.

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8

Lee. "Axial Load Performance of Circular CFT Columns with Concrete Encasement." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 27, no. 6 (2015): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2015.27.6.525.

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9

Lan, Tao, Guangchong Qin, Jinzhao Zhuang, Youdi Wang, Qian Zheng, and Min Ding. "Axial Impact Load of a Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Member with Axial Compression Considering the Creep Effect." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193134.

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The dynamic loads acting on concrete-filled steel tubular members under axial impacts by rigid bodies were studied herein by FEM. The whole impact process was simulated and the time history of the impact load was obtained. The effects of eight factors on the axial impact load were studied; these factors were the impact speed, mass ratio, axial pressure ratio, steel ratio, slenderness ratio, concrete strength, impact position, and boundary conditions. Besides this, the effects of concrete creep on the impact load were also considered by changing the material parameters of the concrete. The results show that axial impact load changes with time as a triangle. The peak value of impact load increases and the impact resistance improves with the growth of the axial pressure ratio, steel ratio, slenderness ratio, and concrete strength after creep occurs. As the eccentricity of the axial impact acting on a concrete-filled steel tubular member increases, the peak value of the impact load decreases. The enhancement of constraints at both ends of the member can improve the impact resistance. The creep reduction coefficients for the peak axial impact load of a concrete-filled steel tubular member under axial compression and considering the creep effect over 6 months and 30 years are 0.60 and 0.55, respectively. A calculation formula for the peak value of impact load was suggested based on the existing formula, and its accuracy was proved by finite element calculation in this study.

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Wang, Dong, and Mao See Wu. "Elastic buckling analysis of an embedded infinitely long rod under combined axial and torsional loads." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 3779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286519856062.

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In this paper, expressions for the critical axial–torsional loads are derived for the buckling of an elastic rod embedded in an elastic medium. The derivation is based on the assumption that the deforming rod encounters a response force from the surrounding medium, and a first-order perturbation analysis of the governing equilibrium equations. It is shown that a dimensionless universal buckling relationship, independent of material and geometry, exists between the critical axial load, both in compression and tension, and the critical torsional load. A reducing axial compression, or an increasing axial tension, enhances the critical torsional load. In addition, two different mode shapes are predicted for the same critical combined loads, and the buckled shapes are generally three-dimensional.

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Wei, Yi, Ying Zhu, and Jing Ni. "Experimental Study on the Combined Effect of Cyclic and Static Loads on the Mechanical Properties of the Saturated Soft Clay Material." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.843.

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The combined effect of cyclic and static loads on the mechanical properties of the soft clay was experimentally investigated by conducting undrained cyclic triaxial tests on Shanghai clay. The results show that an increment in either static or cyclic load increases excess pore pressures and axial strains. For a given value of combined cyclic and static loads, the mechanical properties of the soft clay are more sensitive to the cyclic load. Furthermore, the accumulated excess pore pressure and axial strain for a larger cyclic stress ratio and a lower combined stress ratio might overcome that for a lower cyclic stress ratio and a higher combined stress ratio. The mechanical properties of the soft clay after the cyclic load was unloaded were also discussed. It was observed that the excess pore pressure and axial strain under the static load alone decrease gradually with time. The trend of them largely depends on the ratio of cyclic load to static load.

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12

Tantrapongsaton, Warakorn, and Chayanon Hansapinyo. "Impact Response of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Different Axial Load under Low-Velocity Impact Loading." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.322.

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Building collapses from the seismic pounding of two adjacent buildings have been found in many past earthquakes. For the two buildings with different story height, the pounding induces impact load and local stress at column mid-height where the provided column reinforcement is normally lesser than the column’s edge. This paper aims to investigate the impact responses of reinforced concrete columns with different axial load and shear capacity by using numerical simulation method. Sixteen reinforced concretes columns were subjected to an impact load created by dropping 300 kg hammer at the height of 1,200 mm above the mid-span of the column. Every specimen has an identical cross section of 220 mm by 220 mm, with 3,000 mm of clear span length. Both ends of the column were fully restrained. The magnitude of the axial load varies from 0% to 40% of the ultimate axial capacity of the concrete section. Shear reinforcement spacing varies from @200 mm to @60 mm. It is found that the axial loads have a great effect on the impact responses of the RC columns. The specimens with high axial load yield higher peak impact force value and less mid-span deflection. Shear cracks were observed on the specimens with low axial force, but the cracks were relatively decreased when increasing the axial load.

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13

Cao, Ying Chun, Ming Liu, Yuan Qing Wang, and Yan Nian Zhang. "Reliability Assessment under Combinations of Snow Load Effect: The Lightweight Steel Structures with Gabled Frames and Components Designs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1954.

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Purpose: to assess reliability factor of Gable Framed Lightweight Steel Structural and Components, under combination of load effect of permanent loads and snow loads. Method: JC method is adopted in the calculations. From reliability of geometrical meaning, transform the solving of reliability problem into the finding of minimum constraints, and calculate reliability indicators by using a non-linear programming called ‘Lingo’ software. Results: based on dead load plus snow load, and combination of dead load plus snow load and wind load, to calculate reliability indicator of structural components under axial tension, axial compression, and eccentric compression. Conclusion: when combined with snow load, reliability indicator (of Gable Framed Lightweight Steel Structures and Components) is less than the standard permitted reliability indicator, which is beta=3.2.

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Tawfik, M. S., and T. D. O’Rourke. "Load-Carrying Capacity of Welded Slip Joints." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 107, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264401.

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Welded slip joints, which are used in many high-pressure water transmission pipelines, are vulnerable during earthquakes to axial compressive loads generated by ground movements. This paper analyzes two failure modes associated with: 1) yielding in the vicinity of welded connections, and 2) plastic flow in the curvilinear, belled ends of the joints. The analyses indicate that the axial load causing plastic deformation is from three to five times smaller than that causing yield in straight sections of pipe. Typical slip-joint dimensions are studied, and recommendations are made for improving the axial load-carrying capacity by 50 to 100 percent.

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Zheng, Xinqian, Chuang Ding, and Yangjun Zhang. "Influence of different loads on the stresses of multistage axial compressor rotors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 5 (April 19, 2016): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016642461.

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Multistage axial compressors are widely used in the gas turbine engines. The strength of rotors is one of the key factors for the reliability of multistage axial compressors. The stresses of rotors at real working conditions can be caused by the centrifugal load, thermal load, and aerodynamic load. It is important to figure out the roles and the mechanism of the three kinds of loads in the stresses generating process. In this paper, the stresses of rotors in a typical five-stage axial compressor are calculated with different kinds of loads by solid–fluid coupling method. The results show that the proportion of the stress caused by centrifugal load is more than 80% of the total stress, which is dominant. The maximum proportion of the stress caused by thermal load is about 20% of the total stress at the front stages. However, the influence of thermal load is quite different from the first stage to the last stage. It is surprising that thermal load can decrease the stresses of the last stage rotor, which is mainly because of the variation of radial temperature gradient at disks for different stages. The proportion of the stress caused by aerodynamic load is usually less than 4%, and it tends to make the stresses at the suction side of the blades lower and enlarge it at the pressure side. According to the above results, centrifugal load is necessary of consideration at the conceptual design phase for the multistage axial compressor rotors. At preliminary three-dimensional design phase, centrifugal load and thermal load should be considered together. At optimized three-dimensional design phase, aerodynamic load cannot be neglected and all the three loads should be considered.

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Zhang, Dong Xiao, and Peng Li He. "Research on Load Transfer Behavior of Cement-Soil Mixing Piles by Load Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.228.

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The pile axial strains were measured according to the results of static loading test. The axial force and side friction of pile were calculated, and load transfer behaviors were researched. Analysis of the data shows that cement-soil mixing pile has the characteristics of friction piles. The rapid reducing of the upper pile axial force and friction show that load passed within a certain range. Horizontal crack occurred at the upper of the pile. Before and after the destructing of the pile load transfer mechanism is different.

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Zheng, Xigui, Jinbo Hua, Nong Zhang, Xiaowei Feng, and Lei Zhang. "Simulation of the Load Evolution of an Anchoring System under a Blasting Impulse Load Using FLAC3D." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/972720.

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A limitation in research on bolt anchoring is the unknown relationship between dynamic perturbation and mechanical characteristics. This paper divides dynamic impulse loads into engineering loads and blasting loads and then employs numerical calculation software FLAC3Dto analyze the stability of an anchoring system perturbed by an impulse load. The evolution of the dynamic response of the axial force/shear stress in the anchoring system is thus obtained. It is revealed that the corners and middle of the anchoring system are strongly affected by the dynamic load, and the dynamic response of shear stress is distinctly stronger than that of the axial force in the anchoring system. Additionally, the perturbation of the impulse load reduces stress in the anchored rock mass and induces repeated tension and loosening of the rods in the anchoring system, thus reducing the stability of the anchoring system. The oscillation amplitude of the axial force in the anchored segment is mitigated far more than that in the free segment, demonstrating that extended/full-length anchoring is extremely stable and surpasses simple anchors with free ends.

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SONG, JUNG-HAN, HOON HUH, JI-HO LIM, and SUNG-HO PARK. "EFFECT OF TENSILE SPEED ON THE FAILURE LOAD OF A SPOT WELD UNDER COMBINED LOADING CONDITIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208046943.

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This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the dynamic failure load of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loading conditions. The testing fixture are designed to impose the combined axial and shear load on the spot weld. Using the proposed testing fixtures and specimens, quasi-static and dynamic failure tests of the spot weld are conducted with seven different combined loading conditions. The failure load and failure behavior of the spot weld are investigated with different loading conditions. Dynamic effects on the failure load of the spot weld, which is critical for structural crashworthiness, are also examined based on the experimental data. In order to evaluate the effect of the strain rate on the failure contour of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loads, the failure loads measured from the experiment are decomposed into the two components along the axial and shear directions. Experimental results indicate that the failure contour is expanded with increasing strain rates according to the rate sensitivity of the ultimate stress for welded material.

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Pugno, N., and A. Carpinteri. "Tubular Adhesive Joints Under Axial Load." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1604835.

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In this paper a general study on tubular adhesive joint under axial load is presented. We focus our attention on both static and dynamic behavior of the joint, including shear and normal stresses and strains in the adhesive layer, joint optimization, failure load for brittle crack propagation, and crack detection based on free vibrations. First, we have considered the shear and normal stresses and strains in the adhesive layer to propose an optimization to uniform axial strength (UAS) and to reduce the stress peaks in the bond. The stress analysis confirms that the maximum shear stresses are attained at the ends of the adhesive and that the peak of maximum shear stress is reached at the end of the stiffer tube and does not tend to zero as the adhesive length approaches infinity. A fracture energy criterion to predict brittle crack propagation for conventional and optimized joint is presented. The stability of brittle crack propagation and the strength of the joint, as well as the ductile-brittle failure transition, are analyzed. A detection method to predict crack severity, based on joint dynamic behavior, is also proposed. The crack detection is achieved through the determination of the axial natural frequencies of the joint as a function of the crack length, by determining the roots of a determinantal equation.

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20

Chang, Cindy J., John A. Lombardo, Christopher D. Holzaepfel, and Steven W. Kitchen. "529 AXIAL LOAD SPINE INJURY???FOOTBALL." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, Supplement (May 1993): S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199305001-00531.

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Jianguo, Jiang, Zhou Xuhong, and Zhang Jiasheng. "Dynamic interaction factor considering axial load." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 25, no. 4 (April 17, 2007): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-007-9119-6.

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Gao, Jiazi, Bei Liu, Min Zhang, He Gong, and Bingzhao Gao. "Strain Distribution Evaluation of Rat Tibia under Axial Compressive Load by Combining Strain Gauge Measurement and Finite Element Analysis." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (December 1, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1736763.

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This study is aimed at providing an effective method for determining strain-load relationship and at quantifying the strain distribution within the whole tibia under axial compressive load on rats. Rat tibial models with axial compressive load were designed. Strains in three directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) at the proximal shaft of the tibia were measured by using a strain gauge rosette, which was used to calculate the maximum and minimum principal strains. Moreover, the strain at the midshaft of the tibia was measured by a single-element strain gauge. The slopes of the strain-load curves with different peak loads were calculated to assess the stability of the strain gauge measurement. Mechanical environment in the whole tibia by the axial compressive load was quantified using finite element analysis (FEA) based on microcomputed tomography images. The von Mises elastic strain distributions of the whole tibiae were evaluated. Slopes of the strain-load curves showed no significant differences among different peak loads (ANOVA; P>0.05), indicating that the strain-load relationship obtained from the strain gauge measurement was reasonable and stable. The FEA results corresponded to the experimental results with an error smaller than 15% (paired Student’s t-test, P>0.05), signifying that the FEA can simulate the experiment reasonably. FEA results showed that the von Mises elastic strain was the lowest in the middle and gradually increased to both sides along the lateral direction, with the maximal von Mises elastic strain being observed on the posterior side under the distal tibiofibular synostosis. The method of strain gauge measurements and FEA used in this study can provide a feasible way to obtain the mechanical environment of the tibiae under axial compressive load on the rats and serve as a reference for further exploring the mechanical response of the bone by axial compressive load.

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Granovskaya, G. A., A. I. Safonova, O. A. Suslov, and N. S. Okhotnikov. "Methodical approaches to the economic assessment of costs in the operation of cars with axial load of 27 tons at the section Kachkanar—Smychka." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 6 (December 30, 2018): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-6-347-356.

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Abstract. The most important direction of increasing the efficiency of rail transportation is to increase the load-carrying capacity of freight cars as a result of an increase in axial loads. New car 12-9548-01 with improved technical characteristics has an axial load of 27 tons. The article describes method of calculating the coefficient reflecting the change in the impact of cars with an axial load of 27 tons on the roadbed during transportation in estimated cars compared to transportation in equivalent cars. Algorithms for calculating changes in the cost of fuel and energy costs for train traction and maintenance of the track infrastructure on the site during the operation of trains formed from cars with an axial load of 27 tons are given, as well as methods for determining the initial data for the calculation.Authors provide values of the coefficient reflecting the change in the impact of vertical and horizontal forces on the railway line when passing freight cars with an axial load of 27 tons compared to analogue cars, and the coefficient of change of the main specific resistance to motion separately for loaded and empty cars.Developed calculation algorithms and methods for obtaining baseline data allow an economic assessment of changes in infrastructure maintenance costs and fuel and energy resources for the operation of trains formed from cars with an axial load of 27 tons compared to those formed from cars with a load of 23.5 tons at the experimental section Kachkanar—Smychka.The cost change assessment carried out in 2017 shows a generally definite economic effect, while there is a reduction in costs associated with the consumption of electricity for train traction as a result of the operation of the estimated cars in the experimental section and an increase in the cost of maintaining the track superstructure and the roadbed, which is quite expected for the conditions of the organization of traffic with increased axial loads.

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Yang, Bao Sheng, and Shi Hua Song. "Study on the Factors Affecting the Anti-Seismic Performance of Steel Reinforced High-Strengh Concrete Columns." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1842.

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Through experimental study of six steel reinforced high strength concrete columns under low cyclic horizontal loads, the influence on anti-seismic behavior of the columns under different axial load coefficient, stirrup ratio and steel reinforced form is analyzed.The study found in addition to the fact that the anti-seismic performance of high strength concrete columns is sensitive to axial load coefficient, steel reinforced form is also an important influencing factor. For high strength concrete columns with different steel reinforced forms, appropriate adjustment of its axial load coefficient may be carried out, however the influence of stirrup ratio is very little on anti-seismic performance of columns.

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Dou, Yi Hua, Xing Wang, Yang Yu, and Xiang Tong Yang. "Analysis of Sealing Ability of Premium Tubing Connection under Axial Alternating Tension Load." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3569.

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In order to know the sealing ability under axial alternating tension load, a 88.9mm×6.45mm P110 premium tubing connection is established with multiple linear elastic plastic finite element model, stress and contact pressure on sealing surface and torque shoulder are analyzed under axial alternating tension load and 80 MPa inner pressure. The results show that tubing connection slide by the axial tension, while the maximum contact pressure on seal surface reduced. With the increasing of alternating cycle, the maximum equivalent stress on seal surface increased and the maximum contact pressure on seal surface decreased. And, under limited loads, contact pressure on torque shoulder is affected little caused by alternating load.

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Li, Yun Feng. "Static Load Capacity of Three-Row Roller Slewing Bearing Considering Clearances." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.562.

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A calculation method of static load capacity for three-row roller slewing bearing considering clearances was proposed. The statics models of the slewing bearing in the radial direction and the axial direction were established respectively. By solving the equilibrium equations of the models, the rolling element loads were calculated. Based on the load distribution of the rollers, the static load capacity of the bearing was calculated and the influences of the clearances on it were researched. Results show that slight negative axial clearance is favorable for the static load capacity of the bearing.

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Yun, H. D., and S. Kyriakides. "Localized Plastic Buckling of a Heavy Beam on a Contacting Surface." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264762.

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The paper considers the uplifting of a long elastoplastic heavy beam on a rigid flat foundation caused by an axial load. The problem is studied through a large deflection formulation. The beam is considered to possess a localized initial geometric imperfection. It is found that the load-deflection response is characterized by a limit load. Plastic effects can precipitate the limit load and cause a more localized type of deformation with higher curvatures. The problem is presented as a model for the “beam mode buckling” of pipelines due to earthquake-caused axial loads.

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Briaud, Jean-Louis, and Guy Y. Felio. "Cyclic axial loads on piles: Analysis of existing data." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 362–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-051.

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A data base is collected to study the behavior of piles in clay under cyclic axial loads generated by ocean waves. The data base includes 9 studies on the cyclic behavior of clay samples in laboratory tests, 10 studies on cyclic model pile load tests in clay, and 16 studies on cyclic full-scale pile load tests in clay of which 4 studies are proprietary. First, general conclusions are drawn from inspection of these studies. Then a power law model is used to quantify the soil stiffness degradation as the number of cycles increases. The parameter for the model is back-figured for each case of the data base and general trends are observed. Key words: pile load tests, cyclic loads, laboratory tests, clay.

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Osman, Mostafa A., F. I. Khairallah, and M. Eldemrdash. "BEHAVIOR OF SHEAR WALLS UNDER AXIAL LOAD AND CYCLIC LOAD." JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences 39, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2011.129373.

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Tong, L. "Free Vibration of Axially Loaded Laminated Conical Shells." Journal of Applied Mechanics 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2791722.

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Analytical solutions for the three displacements are obtained, in the form of power series, directly from the three governing equations for free vibration of laminated conical shells under axial load. Numerical results are presented for free vibration of axially loaded laminated conical shells with different geometric parameters and under two types of boundary conditions. It is found that an axial tension increases the frequencies while an axial compression decreases the frequencies. For the shells studied, the effect of axial load on the lowest frequency of the shell is found to be not sensitive to change in semivertex angle when the applied axial load is kept as a constant fraction of the critical buckling load. However, the axial load effect becomes very sensitive to variation in semivertex angle when a constant axial load is applied.

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Chen, Jia Xing, Yuan Cheng Guo, Jing Wei Zhang, and Tong He Zhou. "Experimental Research on Lateral-Load Behavior of Large Diameter Drilled Shaft under Axial-Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 2028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.2028.

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Using the Two-way composite loading experimental device, the bearing performance of post-grouting drilled shaft under lateral and axial load is studied by full-scale field test. The result of this research reveals that the lateral critical load Hcr and lateral ultimate load Hu are improved when the axial load is applied to post-grouting drilled shaft, the settlement of post-grouting drilled shaft and not grouting drilled shaft increase while the axial load is close to ultimate load, because the settlement of a foundation pile has a relationship with the size of axial load on the top of pile in the damage process of drilled shaft under lateral load, as well as the variation of vertical settlement of normal drilled shaft is more than that of post-grouting drilled shaft, since the non-grouting drilled shaft is more sensitive to the lateral load than the post-grouting drilled shaft.

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Alhamati, Abdullah Ali Nasser, Abdul Halim Ghazali, and Jamalodin Norzaie. "Investigation on the behavior of rigid polyvinylchloride pipes subjected to uniaxial compression loads." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 23, no. 3 (November 1, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.101.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the capability of rigid Polyvinylchloride (PVC-U) pipes to sustain axial loads. The behavior of PVC-U pipes specimens subjected to short-term uniaxial compression loads were experimentally investigated. Results of the load-displacement tests on pipes of different wall thickness, diameter, and specimen heights were recorded. The experimental test results show that the PVC-U pipes are capable of supporting loads greater than the required design load (3.4 kN). Increasing the pipe specimen height decreases the pipe strength for supporting the axial loads. Euler buckling was observed in the pipe specimens with small diameter and long axial height. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to utilize the ANSYS finite element commercial package to model the pipe system using eight noded brick element and the results were compared with those obtained from the experimental tests. Good agreement was found between the two sets of results, within the elastic range of the load-displacement curve.

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Hameed, Rashid, Saba Mahmood, M. Rizwan Riaz, S. Asad Ali Gillani, and Muhammad Tahir. "Strengthening of Un-Reinforced Brick Masonry Walls Using Epoxy Mortar." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2021-0013.

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Abstract This study is carried out to investigate the effectiveness of using externally applied epoxy mortar on joints of masonry wall panels to enhance their load carrying capacity under axial compressive and lateral loads. A total of six 113 mm thick masonry wall panels of size 1200 x 1200 mm were constructed for this study. Four out of six walls were strengthened using locally available CHEMDUR-31 epoxy mortar on joints. The remaining two walls were tested as control specimens. The control and strengthened wall panels were tested under axial compression and lateral loads. In axial compression test, out of plane central deflection and vertical strain at the center of wall panel were recorded while in lateral load test, in-plane lateral displacement of wall and horizontal strain at the center were recorded at each load increment. Failure pattern of each wall panel is also studied to notice its structural behavior. The results of this experimental study showed an increase of 45% and 60% in load carrying capacity under axial compression and lateral bending, respectively by the use of strengthening technique employed in this study.

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Zhou, Zilong, Jing Zhang, Xin Cai, Shanyong Wang, Xueming Du, Haizhi Zang, and Lu Chen. "Permeability Evolution of Fractured Rock Subjected to Cyclic Axial Load Conditions." Geofluids 2020 (January 23, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4342514.

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Permeability experiments on saw-cut fractured rock subjected to cyclic axial load conditions were conducted on the MTS815 rock mechanics testing system. The influence of the frequency and amplitude of cyclic axial forces on axial displacement and permeability evolution of fractured rock was experimentally investigated. Results show that the increasing frequency under the same amplitude of axial load leads to a reduction in axial displacement, but a drop followed by an increase in permeability, while the permeability values oscillated sharply under high amplitude of cyclic loads, which can be attributed to the production of gouge materials. Besides, the increase in axial displacement roughly contributed to the permeability reduction, and excessive amplitude of cyclic load posed limited boost to the permeability enhancement. By comparing with the quasistatic function, we found that it did not completely correspond to the trend of the permeability evolution subjected to cyclic axial forces, and sensitivity coefficients evolving with frequency and amplitude should be considered. A new function of the permeability evolution subjected to the amplitude and frequency of cyclic axial forces was derived and verified by the experimental data. This study suggests that small amplitude and high frequency of dynamic forces have the potential for enhancing the permeability of fracture and triggering the disaster of fractured rock.

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Song, Jung Han, and Hoon Huh. "Influence of Tensile Speeds on the Failure Loads of the DP590 Spot Weld under Various Combined Loading Conditions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/297915.

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This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the dynamic failure load of the spot weld under combined axial and shear loading conditions. The testing fixture is designed to impose the combined axial and shear load on the spot weld. Using the proposed testing fixtures and specimens, quasi-static and dynamic failure tests of the spot weld are conducted with seven different combined loading conditions. The failure load and failure behavior of the spot weld are investigated with different loading conditions. Effect of tensile speeds on the failure load of the spot weld, which is critical for structural crashworthiness, is also examined based on the experimental data. The failure loads measured from the experiment are decomposed into the two components along the axial and shear directions and failure contours are plotted with different loading speeds. Dynamic sensitivities of failure loads with various combined loading conditions were also analyzed. Experimental results indicate that the failure contour is expanded with increasing loading speeds and failure loads show similar dynamic sensitivity with respect to the loading angles.

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Cheng, Wangquan (Winston), Shan Shih, John Grace, and Wenke Tu. "Axial Load Effect on Contact Fatigue Life of Cylindrical Roller Bearings." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1614823.

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Besides primarily carrying radial load, cylindrical roller bearings with flanges or lips on both inner and outer raceways need also carry axial load in some applications. Because of the axial load, the equivalent dynamic load of the bearing will be increased and the bearing contact fatigue life will be decreased accordingly. The axial load effect on the roller bearing fatigue life had been studied by researchers in the past. Because of different assumptions used in their models, quite different predictions were made in their analysis. This work combines the methods used in the Fernlund-Synek and Brandlein models and studies general contact conditions such as partial contact along the roller length, partial loading zone of the bearing race, manufacturing tolerance and running-in effects on roller length, etc. New formulas for equivalent dynamic loads of the rotating and stationary races are derived. A fatigue limit load is also included in the life calculation to reflect the latest development in contact fatigue life analysis.

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Lukáš, Hruzík, Struž Jiří, and Kaláb Květoslav. "Experimental Determination of Changing the Axial Force in the Bolts of the Clamping Sleeve Under Its Axial Load." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0007.

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Abstract This paper deals about experimental determination of changing the axial load in the bolts of the clamping sleeve under its axial load. Inspiration for this experiment was FEM analysis clamping sleeve in Ansys workbench. Changing of the axial load in the bolts is very important for fatigue of bolt. Bolt force and pretension is necessary for transmit axial load and torque. the change occurs when the sleeve is loaded by the axial force.

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Sharma, Mamta R., Arbind K. Singh, and Gurmail S. Benipal. "Elastic Stability of Concrete Beam-Columns." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 01 (January 2017): 1750094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500948.

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Following the empirical-computational methodology, the contemporary investigations deal with inelastic stability and dynamics of concrete beam-columns. Even under service loads, the concrete structures exhibit physical nonlinearity due to presence of axio-flexural cracks. The objective of the present paper is to analyze the static and dynamic stability of conservative physically nonlinear fully cracked flanged concrete beam–columns. In this paper, using proper reference frames, analytical expressions are developed for the lateral displacement and stiffness of a flanged concrete cantilever under axial compressive and lateral forces. Two critical values of both the axial and lateral loads are identified. For constant lateral force smaller than its first critical value, the concrete beam–columns exhibit brittle buckling mode. Higher lateral forces lesser than the second critical value introduce alternate stable and unstable domains with increase in axial force. The lateral stiffness is predicted to vanish when the axial loads reach the critical values and when the limiting displacement is reached for axial load exceeding its second critical value. The load-space is partitioned into stable and unstable regions. Accessibility of these equilibrium states in the load space has been investigated. Such distinguishing aspects of the predicted behavior of elastic concrete beam–columns are discussed. Their dynamic stability is investigated in second part of the paper.

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39

Onur, Yusuf Aytaç. "Theoretical investigation of rope strand subjected to axial tensile load." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2019.0017.

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Wire ropes or rope strands are one of the most important load carrying components of transportation systems such as bridge, elevator, crane and mine hoisting. Wire ropes must have high tensile strength in order to carry high tensile load. Wire ropes are mainly subjected to axial tensile load in service. This axial tensile load is exerted upon wires of rope or strand. Due to this reason tensile load causes elongation, strain and stress on the center wire (core wire) and outer wires. In this study, theoretical calculations proposed by Feyrer are adopted in order to determine wire loads, stresses, elongations and strains for axially loaded rope strands. An illustrative example is given.

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Cui, Hu Wei, Ping Yang, Can Shen, and Liang Zhou. "Research on Load Bearing Behavior of Ship Stiffened Plates under Cyclic Loads." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.446.

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This paper adopts nonlinear finite element method to study the load bearing behavior of ship stiffened plates with different dimensions. The research focuses on the compressive ultimate strength, axial rigidity, and residual plastic deflection of the stiffened plates under cyclic compressive and tensile loads. The results indicate that the compressive ultimate strength and axial rigidity of stiffened plates decrease with the incremental cyclic loads significantly, meanwhile, the residual plastic deflection increases with the cyclic loads.

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Zhang, Shu Chao, Shao Hui He, Pei Wang, and Lin Li. "Axial Unloading Test of Soil Based on the GDS Triaxial Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.407.

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Normal triaxial apparatus is suited to the loading stress path test, some stress path triaxial apparatus can be used to unload radial load smaller than the axial load, but it is difficult to unload axial load smaller than the radial load or even unload the axial load to zero. Using the iso-diameter headgear, different axial-radial unload ratio tests were done on the GDS triaxial apparatus, and the axial load was unloaded smaller than the radial load. During the test, it was found there are some deficiencies in the GDSLAB system. The results conformed to the characteristics of unloading test, which well verified the correctness of the test method and test results.

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Sun, Yu Juan, and Ri Dong Liao. "The Effect of Helix on the Nonlinear Analysis of Threaded Connection." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1741.

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Based on the axisymmetric and 3-D finite element models, the axial-load and stress distributions on each thread of the threaded connection have been studied. The effect of helix and the elastic-plastic behavior of the material at the thread roots have been explored. Simulation results indicate that the axial-load and stress distributions obtained from the axisymmetric finite element model show good agreement with the results of 3-D analysis in both elastic and plastic states with the same mesh density. So the axisymmetric model can be used to study the axial-load and the stress distributions of the threaded connection subjected to axial-load. The axial-load and stress distributions in threads are very sensitive to the applied load. With increasing the applied forces, the axial-load and stress distributions over teeth become homogeneous eventually.

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Vertriest, Sofie, Pascal Coorevits, Kerstin Hagberg, Rickard Brånemark, Eva Elisabet Häggström, Guy Vanderstraeten, and Laurent Alain Frossard. "Static load bearing exercises of individuals with transfemoral amputation fitted with an osseointegrated implant: Loading compliance." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 4 (April 26, 2016): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616640949.

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Background: Load-bearing exercises are performed by transfemoral amputees fitted with an osseointegrated implant to facilitate bone remodelling. Objective: This study presents the loading compliance comparing loads prescribed and applied on the three axes of the implant during static load-bearing exercises with a specific emphasis on axial and vectorial comparisons. Study design: Cohort study. Methods: A total of 11 fully rehabilitated unilateral transfemoral amputees fitted with an osseointegrated implant performed five trials in four loading conditions using a static standing frame. The load prescribed was monitored using a vertical single-axis strain gauge connected to an electronic display. The tri-axial forces applied on the implant were measured directly with an instrumented pylon including a six-channel transducer. The analysis included ‘axial’ and ‘vectorial’ comparisons corresponding to the difference between the force applied on the long axis of the implant and the load prescribed as well as the resultant of the three components of the load applied and the load prescribed, respectively. Results: The results demonstrated that axial and vectorial differences were significant in all conditions ( p < 0.05), except for the vectorial difference for the 40 kg condition ( p = 0.182). Conclusion: The significant lack of axial compliance led to systematic underloading of the long axis of the implant. Clinical relevance This study contributes to a better understanding of the load applied on an osseointegrated implant during the static load-bearing exercises that could contribute to improve the design of apparatus to monitor loading exercises as well as clinical guidelines for the loading progression during rehabilitation.

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Satar, M. H. Mohd, A. Marto, and B. A. Othman. "Settlement behaviour of geothermal energy pile under cyclic thermo-axial loads." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1103, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1103/1/012030.

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Geothermal energy pile (GEP) foundation is a new type of sustainable geostructure that can be used as an alternative solution to the energy demand for heating and cooling of built structures. However, due to limited information of this system, the installed piles have generally been over-designed to lower the risk of the system failing. This paper presents the findings of the research carried out to evaluate the performance of laboratory scaled GEP model (model pile) under the effects of the cyclic thermal loads on the settlement behaviour of the model pile with and without the application of axial load. A small-scale model pile of 19 mm diameter and 300 mm length (150 mm embedded length) was used in the experimental work while kaolin was chosen as the model soil. The model soil was compacted at 90% maximum dry density (1.4625 Mg/m3) with optimum moisture content (17%) to obtain ‘firm’ consistency, in a container of 450 mm height and 270 mm diameter. Strain gauges were installed along the pile to monitor the temperature. The ultimate load, Qu of model pile was determined as 480 N. It is found that two cycles of thermal load decreased the settlement; the higher the values, the lower the settlement due to pile expansion and soil heaves. For thermo-axially loaded pile with two cycles of thermal load, the reduction was not significant as the effect of settlement due to axial load had caused much more settlement. For the thermo-axial loads of 50°C-100 N, 17% of the settlement at failure, sf occurred after the application of axial load. When two cycles of thermal load were applied from 29°C to 50°C, the settlement occurred reduced to 16%sf. From this study it can be concluded that the effect of two cycles of cyclic thermal loads from 29°C to 50°C on pile subjected to 21% of Qu in firm clay, is negligible. The pile could function satisfactorily as designed. However, the application of higher axial loads and cycles of thermal load may need to be studied as it could potentially cause hazard to the building due to the excessive pile settlement.

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Wang, Yi, Jun Wang, Donghui Zhao, Gangarao Hota, Ruifeng Liang, and David Hui. "Flexural Behavior of Insulated Concrete Sandwich Panels using FRP-Jacketed Steel-Composite Connectors." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (November 2, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6160841.

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This study presented the experimental and theoretical results of insulated concrete Sandwich panels with innovative dumbbell-shaped steel fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bar (SFCB) connectors under flexural load. The influences of FRP thickness and raised thickness of dumbbell ends of connectors, axial compression ratio, the content of vitrified microspheres in the wythes, and loading direction were discussed. The increase in thickness of a glass FRP (GFRP) jacket on the hybrid bar from 2 to 3 mm led to increased initial cracking load, ultimate load, and flexural stiffness of the Sandwich panels by 75, 49, and 16%, respectively. The increase in the thickness of dumbbell ends from 4 to 6 mm led to increased initial cracking load, ultimate load, and flexural stiffness of the Sandwich panels of 18, 46, and 9%, respectively. The incorporation of vitrified microspheres in concrete wythes resulted in a significant increase in the load-carrying capacity of Sandwich panels but decreased ductility. Increased axial compression ratio from 0/1 to 0.2/1 contributed in improving the crack resistance and ultimate loads of Sandwich panels. Further increase of the axial compression ratio to 0.4/1 led to crushing failure of concrete wythe ends. Specimens under negative loads had higher ultimate loads than the counterparts under positive loads. Three-dimensional finite-element (FE) models were developed to simulate Sandwich panel flexural behavior and numerical results compared with the test data. Then, the verified FE model was used to analyze the influence of the arrangement of dumbbell-shaped SFCB connectors. Increased connector spacing from 550 to 650 mm was found to have an insignificant influence on load-deflection responses. Moreover, analytical solutions for deflection of Sandwich panels under combined axial-flexural load were obtained, in which the effect of slipping between the facade and structural wythes and shear deflection were considered. The predicted deflection at the ultimate load agreed well with the test results. This study provided a theoretical basis and design reference for FRP-jacketed steel-composite connectors in applications of Sandwich wall panels with large insulation layer thickness.

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Lee, In-Beom, Seong-Ki Hong, and Bok-Lok Choi. "Investigation of the axial thrust load using numerical and experimental techniques during turbocharger operation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 6 (May 25, 2017): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017706859.

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Identification of the axial thrust load during the operating conditions of a turbocharger provides useful information to turbocharger designers. The axial force acting on the thrust bearing is mainly caused by the imbalance between the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel. It has a significant influence on the friction losses, which reduce the efficiency and the performance of a high-speed turbocharger. Well-known formulae for calculating the thrust load and the mechanical friction have been given in the literature. However, it is difficult to determine an accurate axial force by an analytical approach. This paper presents a detailed procedure for prediction of the axial thrust load during turbocharger operation. The first step is to identify the relationship between the externally applied load and the strain response using a specially designed test device and a numerical method. Next, if the operating strains and temperatures are measured, the strain signals due to the axial thrust can be adjusted by subtracting the thermal effects from the measured strains. Finally, the thrust loads in particular operating conditions are inversely obtained by inserting the adjusted strains into the calibration equations.

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Qu, Hui. "Influence of Axial Load Level on Performance of Resist Impact on Tubular T-Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.310.

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Axial load loading on the chord can deteriorate impact performance of tubular T-joint subjected to impact loading on the brace. FEA method was used in this paper to investigate the influence of different axial load level under varied impact energy. The analysis result showed that with the increasing of axial load level, the impact force decreased, and under the same axial load level, the impact force increased with the increasing of impact energy. The failure model under different axial load is change from failure around the juncture of chord and brace to at the end of chord.

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Thumrongvut, Jaksada, Apichat Tipcharoen, and Kamonwan Prathumwong. "Post-Fire Performance of Square Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns under Uni-Axial Load." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.618.

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This paper presents experimental studies on the post-fire performance of concrete-filled steel tube (CSFT) columns under uni-axial load. The structural responses and axial load capacity of CSFT columns after exposure to elevated temperatures are investigated and discussed. All of the specimens are 750 mm in height, the nominal cross-section of the specimen is 150 mm x 150 mm, and have cylinder compressive strength of 18 MPa. The primary test parameters to be measured during the uni-axial compression test are wall thicknesses of the square tube (3.0 mm, 4.5 mm and 6.0 mm) and three different exposure to elevated temperatures (400°C, 600°C and 800°C). The results showed that the load-axial shortening relationship of the CSFT columns have a linear elastic response up to 80-90% of axial load capacity. After the axial load capacity is reached, the load-axial shortening curves are rarely becoming a nonlinear manner. It is also shown that the axial load capacity and ductility of the post-fire test columns are decreased significantly compared to the columns at ambient temperature, depending mainly on the elevated temperature. In addition, by comparing the axial load capacity of the test results with those obtained from the ACI design equation, the comparison results indicate that calculation formula in ACI code unconservative predicts the axial load capacity of the CSFT columns after exposure to elevated temperatures. Finally, the residual strength ratios are modified to both strength of concrete and steel tube under ambient temperature, and analyzed to evaluate the effect of post-fire behavior on the axial capacity of CFST columns.

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Monette, C., J. Chamberland-Lauzon, and B. Nennemann. "Validation of deep part load dynamic stresses for axial runners." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1079, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1079/1/012100.

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Abstract To accommodate renewable energy production and load demand variability, hydropower plant owners need to increase their operating range regardless of their units’ original design load envelop. When this increased operating range is an issue for the fatigue life of the old runners, solutions need to be found with the design of a new runner to sustain those new challenging loads of the increased operating range. In recent years, many papers have been published to show the challenging loads on Francis runners at speed-no-load and deep part load conditions. Andritz demonstrated a good numerical prediction capability for stress levels at deep part load conditions for Francis runners. However, for axial units, very little has been published. Very recently, some papers showed good predictability by CFD of the flow behavior at deep part load including the vortices present at those conditions. This paper demonstrates the prediction capability of the numerical tools by comparing strain gage measurements on an axial runner to CFD-FEA stress predictions. The measurement campaign was conducted conjointly by the unit owner and the manufacturer for research purposes. In the deep part load operating zone under the effect of columnar vortices, frequency analysis of the measured vibrations and strain gage signals confirmed the flow behavior predicted by CFD, and the measured dynamic strain amplitudes were well predicted. Numerical prediction of dynamic stress in the complete range from 0-100% power of the measured unit as well as detection of high vibration zones was successful.

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Tohgo, Keiichiro, Xiao-Jun HE, Hitoshi Ishii, and Kazuro Kageyama. "OS09W0183 Fatigue behavior of CFRP cross-ply laminates under axial cyclic load." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS09W0183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os09w0183.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Axial load'

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