Journal articles: 'Axial output to condenser'

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Dumbrajs, O., T. Idehara, S. Watanabe, A. Kimura, H. Sasagawa, L. Agusu, S. Mitsudo, and B. Piosczyk. "Reflections in Gyrotrons With Axial Output." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 32, no. 3 (June 2004): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2004.827596.

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Shi, Di-Fu, Bao-Liang Qian, Hong-Gang Wang, and Wei Li. "A novel TE11mode axial output structure for a compact relativistic magnetron." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49, no. 13 (February 26, 2016): 135103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/13/135103.

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Gulhane, Nitin, Sandip Patil, and Kanwaljeet Singh. "Acoustic Analysis of Condenser Fan of Split Air Conditioner Using Numerical and Experimental Method." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 23, no. 02 (May 27, 2015): 1550012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132515500121.

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The present work aims to investigate the accurate method of performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) — Acoustic analysis for axial flow fans in split air conditioner system. A comprehensive simulation procedure is developed to predict flow-induced noise in a system. The three-dimensional domain using k–ε turbulence model and Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic model is considered to predict noise generated by the fan blade surface. The acoustic and flow performances of the fan are predicted simultaneously using a computational aero-acoustic technique (combining steady flow and noise propagation analysis). The different cases are simulated by varying the blade angle, blade depth, blade width and serrations at trailing edge of fan blade. An impact of each of these parameter on A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) and mass flow rate at outlet is determined. The numeric value of obtained A-weighted SPL by CFD simulation is found to be in close agreement with the experimental result within 5.4%. Finally, above mentioned parameters are varied in simulation and optimized design is proposed based on A-weighted SPL and cubic feet per minute (CFM). All simulations are carried out in commercially available CFD solver; ANSYS FLUENT 13.

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Yeh, Yi Sheng, Cong-Yuan Zheng, Li-Jhen Li, Po-Yi Chiang, Yen-Cheng Chen, Bo-Han Huang, and Chi-Chin Lo. "Axial modes in terahertz high-harmonic large-orbit gyrotrons." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 14n15 (May 28, 2019): 1940008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919400086.

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Terahertz (THz) gyrotrons can operate with a lower applied magnetic field in harmonic operation, but the weakened harmonic interactions in harmonic gyrotrons can introduce serious challenges when mode competition occurs. The use of an axis-encircling electron beam can greatly alleviate mode competition in a harmonic gyrotron. In this paper, we study axial modes for third-harmonic [Formula: see text]-mode large-orbit gyrotrons. Simulation results reveal that the minimum current for oscillation to begin in each axial mode in the gyrotron regime is associated with a specific range of applied magnetic field. To avoid mode competition, tapered applied magnetic fields and waveguide radii are employed to enhance the high-order axial modes and suppress the low-order axial modes. Furthermore, spurious transverse modes in a THz gyrotron are discussed below. A stable third-harmonic [Formula: see text]-mode large-orbit gyrotron at the third-order axial mode is predicted to yield peak output power of 6.5 kW at 768.1 GHz with an efficiency of 10% for a 75-kV, 0.85-A electron beam with an axial velocity spread of 3%.

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Sizyuk, V., and A. Hassanein. "The effects of using axial magnetic field in extreme ultraviolet photon sources for nanolithography – recent integrated simulation." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615001081.

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AbstractWe developed a comprehensive model for simulating laser/target interaction in the presence of external axial magnetic fields. The model was integrated into the framework of the HEIGHTS-LPP computer simulation package and benchmarked with recent experimental results. The package was then used to study the angular distribution of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photon output in plasmas produced in tin planar targets by a Nd:YAG laser. A moderate (0.5 T) permanent magnetic field does not affect EUV source evolution and output. More effective control of plasma plume expansion should be based on magnetic field gradients, that is, on the temporary varying magnetic fields as a magnetic pinch. Analysis of angular EUV output showed strong anisotropy of photon emissions. We found that the correct monitoring angle (i.e., at which the measured EUV flux corresponds to the averaged value after the correctly integrated angular distribution) does not depend on laser irradiance in the studied range and is equivalent to ~60°. We recommend arranging the EUV sensors accordingly in experiments with planar tin targets.

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Su, Jian-Cang, Rui Li, Jie Cheng, Bin-Xiong Yu, Xi-Bo Zhang, Liang Zhao, and Wen-Hua Huang. "A coaxial-output rolled strip pulse forming line based on multi-layer films." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461700091x.

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AbstractA coaxial-output rolled strip pulse-forming line (RSPFL) with a dry structure is researched for the purpose of miniaturization and all-solid state of pulse-forming lines (PFL). The coaxial-output RSPFL consists of a coaxial-output electrode (COE) and a rolled strip line (RSL). The COE is characterized by quasi-coaxial structure, making the output pulse propagate along the axial direction with a small output inductance. The RSL is rolled on the COE, whose transmission characteristics are analyzed theoretically. It shows that the RSL can be regarded as a planar strip line when the rolling radius of the strip line is larger than 60 times of the thickness of the insulation dielectric layer of RSL. CST modeling was carried out to simulate the discharging characteristic of the coaxial-output RSPFL. It shows that the coaxial-output RSPFL can deliver a discharging pulse with a rise time <6 ns when the impedance of the RSL matches that of the COE, which confirms the theoretical analysis. A prototype of the coaxial-output RSPFL was developed. A 49-kV discharging pulse on a matched load was achieved when it was charged to 100 kV. The discharging waveform has a pulse width of 32 ns, with a rise time of 6 ns, which is consistent with the simulation waveform. An energy-storage density of 1.9 J/L was realized in the coaxial-output RSPFL. By the method of multi-stage connection in series, a much higher output voltage is convenient to be obtained.

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Yu, Jian-xin, and Hui-feng Tan. "Damage Detection for Large-Scale Grid Structure Based on Virtual Axial Strain." Shock and Vibration 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8950720.

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To identify the damaged beams in large-scale spatial structure, a damage indicator based on virtual axial strain calculated from mode shape vectors was proposed. The damage detection process was performed based on the dynamic simulation flowchart. Firstly, random signals were used for excitation and the damage was simulated by decreasing beam elasticity modulus. Then, the NEWMARK-β precision direct integral method was appreciated for calculating time history response. Finally, the frequency-domain decomposition method only using output response signal was selected for modal parameter estimation. A double-layer grid structure was taken as example for verifying the damage detection method. Results indicate that the proposed indicator was insensitive to environmental noise and capable of localizing multiple damaged members in space structure without the baseline data.

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Muller, S., and J. Uhlenbusch. "Influence of turbulence and convection on the output of a high-power CO2laser with a fast axial flow." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 20, no. 6 (June 14, 1987): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/20/6/004.

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Chen, Lei, Yuan Sun, Lijun Yang, Xiaoze Du, and Yongping Yang. "Rotational speed adjustment of axial flow fans to maximize net power output for direct dry cooling power generating units." Heat Transfer-Asian Research 49, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 356–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.21616.

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Shulgin, Alexey N., Olesya A. Chuprina, and Vasiliy V. Pykhov. "Influence of Tool Blunting on the Value of the Axial Component of the Cutting Force and the Drilling Process." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.692.

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One of the main technological criteria affecting the quality of drilling the holes is the correct geometry of a cutting tool and the amount of its wear. The determination of the “critical” amount of a drill wear is possible only through the indirect way, in particular by the presence of the copper foil burrs at the tool output from the printed circuit board, since with the up-to-date degree of integration of micro-assemblies, the main part of the processed holes has the diameter of about 0.6-0.8 mm, and it is quite challenging to determine the tool wear without special equipment, and in conditions of mass production it is almost impossible. A number of industrial experiments with the hard-alloy drills of standard sharpening geometry of various amount of wear was carried out in order to assess the influence of the cutting tool geometry and the amount of wear on the drilling process. To assess the quality of the processed holes, the chip size (Lch), the micro-roughness of the holes (Ra) and the size of the copper foil burrs at the output of the workpieces (Hb) were additionally measured with a specialized precision tool. In total, 1500 holes were drilled at each previously determined operating mode. The “critical” value of the tool blunting, the maximum allowable values of Lch,Ra and Hbwere practically defined in the course of work. On the basis of the conducted experiments, the threshold values of the axial feed speeds for the work of the “worn out” and “blunted” tool were defined. In addition, the general recommendations were formulated for the operator when drilling the foiled fiberglass and eliminating mass defects at printed circuit board manufacture.

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Wang, Anye, Jian Zhang, Shuai Ye, Xiaofei Ma, Baiyi Wu, Siyuan Wang, Feifei Wang, Tao Wang, Baitao Zhang, and Zhitai Jia. "Optimized Growth and Laser Application of Yb:LuAG Single-Crystal Fibers by Micro-Pulling-Down Technique." Crystals 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020078.

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Single-crystal fibers (SCFs) have a great application potential in high-power lasers due to their excellent performance. In this work, high-quality and crack-free Yb3+:Lu3Al5O12 (Yb:LuAG) SCFs were successfully fabricated by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) technology. Based on the laser micrometer and the X-ray Laue diffraction results, these Yb:LuAG SCFs have a less than 5% diameter fluctuation and good crystallinity along the axial direction. More importantly, the distribution of Yb ions is proved to be uniform by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the laser experiment, the continuous-wave (CW) output power using a 1 mm diameter Yb:LuAG single-crystal fiber is determined to be 1.96 W, at the central wavelength of 1047 nm, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 13.55%. Meanwhile, by applying a 3 mm diameter Yb:LuAG SCF, we obtain a 4.7 W CW laser output at 1049 nm with the slope efficiency of 22.17%. The beam quality factor M2 is less than 1.1 in both conditions, indicating a good optical quality of the grown fiber. Our results show that the Yb:LuAG SCF is a potential solid-state laser gain medium for 1 μm high-power lasers.

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Bazouband, F. "Compensation of thermal loss in free-electron laser with optimal tapering and pre-bunching." Laser and Particle Beams 38, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034620000166.

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AbstractIncreasing the output power of a long-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL), despite the destroying effects of beam energy spread, is studied using the optimal pre-bunching of the thermal electron beam along with the optimal tapering of the planar wiggler magnetic field. A set of self-consistent coupled nonlinear differential equations in three dimensional that describe the evolution of radiation and electron beam in the interaction zone are solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta method. The axial energy spread is considered and it degrades the FEL performance by reducing the saturation power and increasing the saturation length. To compensate these destroying effects, the optimum function or degree of electron beam pre-bunching and optimum parameters of wiggler tapering are found by the successive runs of the simulation code.

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Nachimowicz, Jerzy, and Dariusz Jabłoński. "Tribological Aspects in Aperture Shaping Process." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.200.

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The article presents tribological aspects in the process of aperture shaping using trepan drills. These tools, also known as trepan cutters, are used for performing port apertures. Due to their structure, only peripheral part (ring) of the aperture is influenced by the milling process, in contrast to milling the whole volume when using twist drills. Due to such method of performing aperture, the power and processing time are significantly reduced. The results of this process are chips and the core that can be used to produce other element, particularly if the material is expensive or if it can be used to examine properties and quality of the material. Trepan drills contain at least four cutting edges and their number increases with the diameter of the tool. This results in forming many chips that interact with the tool and working material during their movement along the chip grooves. During operation of these tools, the tool makes contact with the core and working material. Above effects cause the increase of milling torque and axial force with increasing penetration of the tool into working material and may affect the quality of the created aperture (roughness, microhardness, chemical composition, shape tolerance). In the extreme cases they may also cause the stoppage of device used to drilling or destruction of the milling tool. The article presents also the structure of research station that was used for examination and obtaining sample results of the milling torque and axial force occurred during drilling using trepan drills. Additionally, the values of milling torque and axial force calculated on the basis of theoretical equations are presented. Physical model of the friction process describes, besides effects that occur in the milling area, also other factors that influence the course of the drilling process. The result of drill penetrating the working material is the increase of milling forces, axial forces and temperature. The cause of this effect is the friction between internal and external tool surfaces and the working material, as well as the friction between formed chips and the tool and working material during their movement along the chip grooves. Physical model was the output element to create mathematical model that includes, besides milling force, also forces occurring as a result of interaction among the tool, working material and chips. Additionally, the model includes forces that occur when pressing guide pin to working material.

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Mostefa, Brihmat, Refassi Kaddour, Douroum Embarek, and Kouadri Amar. "Analysis and Optimization of the Performances of the Centrifugal Compressor Using the CFD." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390111.

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Centrifugal compressors have been used in many areas of the machinery. The centrifugal compressor design is very complex, and a unique design system needs to be developed. A centrifugal compressor design system should be easy to use in interface and also flexible for inputs and outputs. The design tool also needs to be able to predicate the compressor performance in a fairly accurate level. In this study, we have developed a general analyses and optimization approach in the design and performance analysis of centrifugal turbomachines. This approach is based on different methods starting from a 1D approach up to the 3D study of the internal flow. It presents itself as a robust procedure for predicting and understanding the phenomena associated with the operation of turbomachines, but also for predicting performance. Current design system includes initial parameter studies, throughflow calculation, impeller design. The main improvements of the design system are adding the interface to allow users easy to use, adding the input and output capabilities and modifying few correlations. Current design system can predict the blade loading and compressor performance better compared with original design system. To check the aerodynamic appearance of the centrifugal compressor impeller blades, we must change the impeller dimensions and focus on changing axial length, but when changing the blade numbers, the model that improved efficiency and power at the same time introduced a design with a 0.274% and 10.735% improvement in each respectively in comparison to the initial impeller at the design point.

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Sun, Dian Feng, Jian Jun Sun, Chen Bo Ma, and Qiu Ping Yu. "Frequency-Domain-Based Nonlinear Response Analysis of Stationary Ring Displacement of Noncontact Mechanical Seal." Shock and Vibration 2019 (November 18, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7082538.

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Dynamic characteristics affect the operational reliability of noncontacting mechanical seals, which involves the complex relationship between the system of noncontact mechanical seals, excitation, and response. Hence, it is one of the hot topics of current research. However, domestic and foreign scholars mainly calculate the response in the time domain by establishing a linear dynamic model so that the response results can be used for system stability and tracking analysis. In this study, according to the harmonic excitation, the stationary ring’s output response was expressed via the famous Volterra series and solved with a new method, which can be used to analyze the frequency response and to calculate the displacement response of the stationary ring with single and double harmonic excitation. Based on the analysis of the response results, the parameter (stationary ring mass, axial damping, stiffness, etc.) selection scheme of noncontact mechanical seals at high and low frequencies was obtained.

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Santoso, Budi, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, and Purwadi Joko Widodo. "Performance Evaluation of Axial Flow Wind Turbine Integrated with The Condenser." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 76, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.76.3.8591.

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This study investigated the application of an axial flow wind turbine integrated with a condenser. The exhaust air from condenser was used to drive the wind turbine by a ducted turbine system. There were two parameters varied in this work: the blade number and the blade pitch angle. The blade number used was two blades, five blades, and ten blades, while the blade pitch angles were 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 30°, and 45°. The diameter of the wind turbine was 495 mm. The model of the condenser had a fan diameter of 600 mm and the range of the average air velocity of 2.01 m/s - 7.86 m/s. The maximum mechanical power was 10.72 W for air velocity of 7.86 m/s. The maximum power coefficient recorded was 0.38 for the tip speed ratio of 1.3 on the blade number of five blades and a pitch angle of 10°. The maximum exhaust air energy recovery was 13.64% of the power consumption of the condenser fan.

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Vysokomornaya, Olga V., Genii V. Kuznetsov, and Pavel A. Strizhak. "Numerical Research on the Influence of Autonomous Power Plant Condenser Design on Two-Phase Stream Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.547.

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In this paper, the mathematical model is developed for the numerical research on the condenser tubes’ relative position influence on the output temperature of a two-phase stream. The limit distance between the condenser tubes which provides the required output vapor parameters is established.

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Astuti, Fina Andika Frida, and Arif Rochman Fachrudin. "PENGARUH PANJANG KONDENSOR TERHADAP KINERJA TERMAL THERMOSYPHON." INFO-TEKNIK 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v20i2.7714.

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Cooling is an important activity in maintaining a large temperature of a component, both mechanical components and electronic components. Component temperature which is maintained from overheating will avoid damage. The cooling process is carried out by moving the heat produced by a component through a heat exchanger. One effective heat exchanger is Thermosyphon. This tool is able to move a number of heat through a very small surface area. Thermosyphon is a pipe that contains a working fluid, consisting of three parts, namely the evaporator section, the adiabatic section and the condenser section. The evaporator has the function of absorbing heat from the heat source and heat is released in the condenser. The process of heat absorption and release of heat is carried out by the working fluid in the pipe, when the fluid is in the heated evaporator it will evaporate towards the condenser the heat is released. The fluid which is finally from the condenser returns to the evaporator. This study aims to determine the thermal performance of the thermosyphon as a heat exchanger with condenser length variations. Thermosyphon is designed with a condenser length variation of 44 cm, 66 cm, 88 cm, 110 cm and 132 cm running with variation temperature. The results showed that, the highest thermal resistance at the shortest condenser length at 400C (140C / W) and the lowest at the longest condenser length at 1200C (10C / W). At all temperatures, all variations in the length of the condenser will increase the output power and heat flux. At the same condenser length, the higher the temperature, the greater the heat flux and output power. The process of this experiment is most effective at the length of the condenser 1.25 (132 cm) from the length of the evaporator length, because after that the value of thermal resistance and output power will experience a permanent tendency.

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Busse, C. A., and R. I. Loehrke. "Subsonic Pressure Recovery in Cylindrical Condensers." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250710.

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A method is presented for predicting laminar, subsonic flow in axisymmetric cylindrical heat pipe condensers. The method involves the use of the boundary layer approximation and a noncontinuous power series to describe the velocity profile under conditions including strong axial flow reversal. A comparison between laminar predictions and measurements indicates that transition to turbulent flow in the condenser begins when the absolute value of the radial Reynolds number exceeds 6. The condenser pressure recovery in the turbulent regime can be calculated from the momentum flow at the condenser inlet and an empirical wall-friction parameter.

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Sugumar, D., and Kek-Kiong Tio. "Thermal Analysis of Inclined Micro Heat Pipes." Journal of Heat Transfer 128, no. 2 (August 9, 2005): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2137763.

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The effect of gravity is investigated for the case of inclined-triangular- and trapezoidal-shaped micro heat pipes (MHPs). The study is limited to the case of positive inclination, whereby the condenser section is elevated from the horizontal position. The results show that the axial distribution of the liquid phase is changed qualitatively. While the liquid distribution still increases monotonically starting from the evaporator end, it reaches its maximum value not at the condenser end but at a certain point in the condenser section, beyond which the liquid distribution decreases monotonically. This maximum point, where potentially flooding will first take place, results from the balance between the effects of gravity and the heat load on the MHPs. As the liquid distribution assumes its greatest value at the maximum point, a throat-like formation appears there. This formation is detrimental to the performance of MHPs, because it hinders, and at worst may block, the axial flow of the vapor phase. The results also show that the maximum point occurs further away from the condenser end for a triangular-shaped MHP compared to a trapezoidal-shaped MHP.

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Luo, Zhe, E. R. Moan, and C. A. Sackett. "Semiclassical Phase Analysis for a Trapped-Atom Sagnac Interferometer." Atoms 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9020021.

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A Sagnac atom interferometer can be constructed using a Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a cylindrically symmetric harmonic potential. Using the Bragg interaction with a set of laser beams, the atoms can be launched into circular orbits, with two counterpropagating interferometers allowing many sources of common-mode noise to be excluded. In a perfectly symmetric and harmonic potential, the interferometer output would depend only on the rotation rate of the apparatus. However, deviations from the ideal case can lead to spurious phase shifts. These phase shifts have been theoretically analyzed for anharmonic perturbations up to quartic in the confining potential, as well as angular deviations of the laser beams, timing deviations of the laser pulses, and motional excitations of the initial condensate. Analytical and numerical results show the leading effects of the perturbations to be second order. The scaling of the phase shifts with the number of orbits and the trap axial frequency ratio are determined. The results indicate that sensitive parameters should be controlled at the 10−5 level to accommodate a rotation sensing accuracy of 10−9 rad/s. The leading-order perturbations are suppressed in the case of perfect cylindrical symmetry, even in the presence of anharmonicity and other errors. An experimental measurement of one of the perturbation terms is presented.

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Achmad Kosasih, Engkos, Ahmad Alfan Farizi, and Rizal Ibnu Wahid. "Aquadest Production System as Steam Turbine Bottom Cycle I: Influence of Pressure of Cooling Water Tank and Pinch Point Temperature Difference of Condenser." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704008.

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The condenser heat from the steam turbine system is discharged into the environment in a way that is likely to damage the environment. This paper simulates a system that produces aquadest with throttled 10% water of condenser output to the cooling water tank with vacuum pressure so as to produce water vapor. This water vapor is condensed in a cooling machine to produce aquadest. The cold water coming out of the cooling water tank is mixed with cooling water from the sea so the temperature is lower causing the condenser output water to be lower temperature (more environmentally friendly). This simulation varies the pressure of cooling water tanks and Pinch Points Temperature Difference (PPTD) of condenser. From the simulation it is found that the higher the pressure of the cooling water tank causes Specific Aquadest Production (SAP), and Energy Consumtion (EC) is getting smaller. The smaller PPTD leads to Specific Aquadest Production (SAP), Specific Energy Consumtion (SEC) and Energy Consumtion (EC) getting smaller. This simulation has the best result that is able to produce aquadest as much as 0.0133 [kg/s], increase the efficiency of steam power plant by 0.21%, and lower condenser water temperature by 0.9 °C.

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Lv, Yi, Hui Zhang, Yu Jin Yue, Li Jun Yang, and Xiao Dong Zhang. "Deviation Analysis on Flow and Heat Transfer Model of Large Air-Cooled Steam Condenser Unit." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.656.

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Many power plants adopt air-cooled condensers (ACC) with finned tubes, using ambient air to condense turbine exhaust steam. Each condenser unit is mainly composed of two heat transfer surfaces like A and large diameter axial flow fans driving air. In the study of environmental wind effects, etc, due to the condenser unit size is bigger, it is necessary to simplify the condenser unit internal flow and heat transfer calculation, but the deviations introduced by these simplifies failed to get enough attention. In view of one condenser unit, three kinds of flow and heat tansfer combinated model were respectively investigated. A computational fluid dynamics software (CFD) is used to solve the problem.Research priority is analyzing the deviations of internal flow and heat transfer features in the condenser unit according to the extracted datum. The study gives some useful informatin to the design of a thermal power plant with an ACC system.

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Milic, Srdjan, Milan Petrovic, Milan Banjac, Dejan Djukanovic, and Srecko Nedeljkovic. "Analysis of operation of the condenser in a 120 MW thermal power plant." Thermal Science 22, no. 1 Part B (2018): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170903242m.

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The condenser plant has a huge impact on the economy of a steam turbine power plant. Deterioration of the parameters during operation could lead to a significant decrease in electrical output and to an increase in the heat rate of the thermal power plant. Detailed calculations of the performance under different operating conditions were carried out for the condenser of the Morava thermal power plant. Comprehensive testing of the condenser was carried out and experimental data were compared with the numerical results. The effects of deviations in the condenser behaviour on the main thermodynamic parameters and the overall economics of the power plant were evaluated. Guidelines for operation of condensation plants are given in the conclusion.

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Zhang, Li Xi, Shuai Zhou, and Wen Bin Chen. "Condensing Property Researches for the Inorganic Heat Pipes Condenser." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2117.

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Inorganic heat pipe is a new kind of heat transfer elements. To research the condensing characteristics of inorganic heat pipe condenser under negative pressure, the test-bed is established. In condenser design, traverse baffles are used to enhance steam velocity and steam disturbance to liquid film to strengthen heat transfer. Orifice connected to vacuum pump is fixed on the underpart of condenser to prolong steam flowing path and avoid steam loss caused by pump sucking. The relationship between water output and absolute pressure is a quadratic curve. The differences between testing water outputs and theoretical ones are analyzed. The research supplies a design basis for the inorganic heat pipes condenser used in low temperature distillation desalination unit.

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Domanski, Izabela, Matthew Cappadona, Oliver Fuller, and Zeb Krix. "Geothermal Power: Factors affecting the performance of Binary Plants." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 2 (August 31, 2015): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v2i0.1394.

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A meta-study is conducted investigating the effect of plant parameters on the power output and efficiency of geothermal binary cycle power plants. Production well depth, geofluid temperature and mass flow rate are the parameters considered. An increase in mass flow rate is shown to increase both power output and efficiency. It is shown that a distinction can be made between two basic types of binary plants based off of mass flow and performance data. The well depth is shown to have no effect on plant performance. In addition, condenser parameters were investigated and the highest efficiency condenser system is determined.

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Yang, K. M., N. H. Wang, C. H. Jiang, and L. Cheng. "Experimental Research and Simulation in a Thermosyphon." Advanced Materials Research 580 (October 2012): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.580.441.

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Heat pipes are devices capable of very high heat transfer and have been widely used in many thermal management applications. An experimental investigation and CFD simulation of thermal characteristics of heat pipe was presented in this paper. It can be found that UDF in FLUENT can simulate the evaporation and condensation in heat pipe. The pressure difference between evaporation section and condenser ensure the vapor can flow successfully from the evaporation section to condenser. In steady state, the fluctuation of axial velocity is very small in the most area in heat pipe. In general, the magnitudes of velocity vary from 0 to maximum from the end of both evaporation section and condenser, and the maximum value was maintained in the adiabatic section.

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Senthil, Kumar, and Kumar Senthil. "Experimental investigations on an axial grooved cryogenic heat pipe." Thermal Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100805056s.

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This paper deals with development and studies of a trapezoidal axial grooved nitrogen heat pipe. A special liquid nitrogen cryostat has been designed and developed for evaluating the performance of heat pipe where the condenser portion is connected to the cold sink externally. Experiments have been performed on the heat pipe as well as on an equivalent diameter copper rod at different heat loads. The steady state performance of the heat pipe is compared with that of copper rod.

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Korde, Prof V. M. "Review on Design and Analysis of Forced Type Axial Fan Evaporative Condenser." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 911–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32348.

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Patel, Dr S. S. L. "Investigating the Effects of Parametric Variation over Performance of Boiler-Turbine Cycle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37819.

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Abstract: In this paper, the effects of variation in ambient temperature, flue gas temperature and condenser pressure over performance of boiler and turbine cycle is presented. The study is carried out with EES software. The change in ambient temperature is seriously deteriorating the boiler exergetic performance as its exergy efficiency reduces by 2.5% with increase in environmental temperature from 27C to 45C while the boiler total energy loss reduces almost 1% for same increase in ambient temperature. The turbine second law efficiency is affected slightly by ambient temperature. Increase in temperature of exhaust flue gas has adverse effect over boiler energy efficiency, which reduces by almost 1% with flue gas temperature variation from 110C to 130C. The increase in condenser pressure is reducing the turbine energy efficiency to more than 3% with variation from 0.05bar to 0.3bar. Condenser exergy efficiency is decreasing sharply with increase in its pressure. The effect of variation in condenser pressure over net output of the boiler-turbine cycle has also been studied and it is found to be decreasing with increase in condenser pressure. Keyword: Ambient temperature, Boiler-turbine cycle, Condenser pressure, Flue gas, Plant performance.

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Sharan, Girja. "Harvesting Dew with Radiation Cooled Condensers to Supplement Drinking Water Supply in Semi-arid." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 6, no. 1 (May 8, 2011): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v6i1.3188.

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This paper describes the development of dew harvest systems for use in semi-arid coastal region of north-west India, chronically short of drinking water. These were developed to ameliorate drinking water problem, especially of people living near the coast where groundwater is of poor quality and surface sources scarce. Although dew is much smaller in magnitude (20-30 mm) than the rains (300 mm) it is a more reliable source. Dew occurs over a season of seven months (October to April), rain over four (June - September). Dew nights number ~ 100, rainy days 15-20. There is much greater year to year variation in rainfall than in the dew amount. A R&D program of over four years led to development of three types of systems - condenser-on-roof (CoR), condenser-on-ground (CoG) and Roof-as-Condenser (RaC). The CoR, CoGs employ condenser made of plastic film insulated on the underside. CoRs are constructed over the roof of buildings, CoGs on open ground. The RaCs use metal roof of buildings itself as condenser. The CoR and CoGs give higher output, require higher investment. The RaCs give lower output; require only a small investment in collection and storage. Examples of working installation are presented. Rain and dew seasons in the region are complementary. Although engineered specifically to harvest dew, these also harvest rain, providing varying amounts of potable water through the year. Benefits to the region, learning accrued and partnerships created in the course of work are also briefly discussed.

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Xinchun Li, Zhongwei Wang, and Zhongwei Wang. "Performance parameters analysis of an organic Rankine cycle for power generation from the heat of cooling scramjet." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 009–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2020.1.2.0032.

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An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for power generation system is proposed for cooling scramjet. The heat which must be taken away by fuel coolant from cooling scramjet is converted to other forms of energy to decrease fuel coolant flow. A parametric study of an ORC power generation system has been performed. The multiplication ratio of fuel heat sink, the efficiency and output power of the system changing with the condenser outlet fuel coolant temperature are evaluated. The results show that the optimal condenser outlet fuel coolant temperature is 510K in a certain working condition, and the multiplication ratio of fuel heat sink is 0.0635, the efficiency of the system is 11.74% and the output power is 35.13kW. The effect of the cycle pressure ratio on the efficiency, output power and the multiplication ratio of fuel heat sink is also analyzed and it has a big significant influence. It is known through thermodynamic analyses that ORC power generation system for cooling scramjet would reduce the fuel coolant flow and give some output power for hypersonic vehicle.

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Abadi, Reza NB, Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz, and Niki Rezazadeh. "Improving the performance of the condenser fan in a subway train against the effects of crosswind flow by placing barriers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719838119.

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In this paper, the effect of crosswind flow and barrier placement on the performance of the condenser fan in a subway train is investigated. In addition, the amount of heat transfer on the condenser tubes is also analyzed. At different velocities of the train, variations in the velocity profile and drag force are determined for various geometries including triangular, rectangular, symmetric triangular barriers, and a barrier with parallel lines outside of the fan. Navier–Stokes, energy equations, and k– ω turbulence model have been used for the numerical modeling of the turbulent and incompressible flow. The results show that due to the created vortices behind the triangular and rectangular barriers, a negative velocity on the outflow of the fan is observed. Also, the symmetric triangular barrier minimizes the rotational flow on the top of the fan, and parallel paths have the most impact on the improvement of the fan's performance due to the elimination of all rotating flows. Finally, variations in temperature on the condenser tubes in the presence of barriers that are placed in the middle gap between the holes on the top of the condenser tubes are determined. These barriers move the crosswind flow toward the condenser tubes and decrease the output air temperature of the condenser.

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Heinemann, Till, and Stefan Becker. "Axial Fan Performance under the Influence of a Uniform Ambient Flow Field." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6718750.

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In their application to air-cooled condensers, axial fans are often subject to the detrimental influence of ambient flow fields at their inlet or outlet. While effects have been investigated mostly under perpendicular cross-flow conditions on fans operating as part of an array in their target design point, this study aims at examining the integral influence of uniform ambient flow fields on a single axial fan over a wide operating range. For this purpose, a wind tunnel fan test rig has been designed and assessed. Multiple angles between uniform ambient flow field and fan axis are examined in their integral influence on the characteristic curve of two distinct industrial axial fans with varying inlet modifications. Increasingly with the fan flow rate, perpendicular inlet cross-flow was found to always have a detrimental influence on fan performance. The straight bladed fan reacted less sensitively than the forward skewed fan, and the adverse cross-flow influence could be reduced with an inlet guard grille and with short conical shroud extensions. Cross-flow at the fan outlet showed potential static fan pressure increases at low flow rates.

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Shiling, Zhang. "Structure Optimization of UHV RIP Oil-SF6 bushings Based on Improved Equal Margin Design Method and Back-Propagation Neural Network." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103040.

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Equal margin design method based on the classic analytic formula is widely used in development of extra-high voltage bushing products, and its effectiveness and practicality have been fully validated. However, model and temperature factors have significant impact on internal E-field distribution of UHVAC and UHVDC bushing condenser, which traditional analytic formula is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, so it’s necessary to improve traditional equal margin design method. Firstly, basic principles of equal margin design method and its software package were briefly described, and the laws of model and temperature factors influencing on condenser E-field were investigated on FEM (finite element method) computing platform. Based on these, mathematical model of improved equal margin design method for bushing condenser was established, and flow chart of optimization process combining FEM electro-thermal coupling calculation with genetic algorithm was presented. The improved method was applied to design of UHV RIP oil-gas prototype to realize uniform axial E-field distribution along bushing condenser and equal partial discharge margin between adjacent foils. Bushing condenser was fabricated according to above optimized design structure, and has passed all type tests. In the paper, the FEM electro-thermal coupling calculation method was applied to the inner insulation optimization design to make bushing condenser’s design more suitable. The paper can provide some theoretical guidelines for research and development of other bushings in UHV level.

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Wang, Ning Ling, Feng Ming Chu, Peng Fu, Zhi Ping Yang, and Yong Ping Yang. "Multi-Factors Analysis of Condenser Vacuum under Overall Working Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.109.

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It is of great significance to determine an optimal condenser vacuum for energy-saving diagnosis, for the vacuum means a lot to the safe and economic operation of thermal power units. The key parameters were calculated by the practical data, such as the cleanliness factor. The condenser heat transfer coefficient is affected by both the dirty of condenser water side and other factors on the basis of the method of adjusting the circulating-water flow unilaterally to get the optimal vacuum of condenser in this paper. The impacts of the exhausting steam resistance, the oxygen content of condensate caused by the change of the circulating-water flow were considered in this paper. The practical operation data was analysed with the results from HEI. The simulations were examined in the comparison of heat transfer coefficient. The impacts of unit energy consumption characteristics under overall working conditions caused by condenser vacuum were obtained in the approach based on the theory of energy specific fuel consumption (ESFC). The variation of auxiliary specific consumption as the temperature of circulating-water changing was obtained. The results indicated that the optimal condenser vacuum determined by the method aiming at maximum output power and many factors under overall working conditions accounted for played an important role in the energy saving diagnosis of thermal power units.

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Chen, Lei, Lijun Yang, Xiaoze Du, and Yongping Yang. "Novel air-cooled condenser with V-frame cells and induced axial flow fans." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 117 (February 2018): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.139.

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Xu, Wenqiang, Li Zhang, and Hao Niu. "Numerical Analysis of Influence Factors on Operation Performance of an Axial Exhaust Condenser." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 702, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/702/1/012040.

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Carcasci, Carlo, Lapo Cheli, Pietro Lubello, and Lorenzo Winchler. "Off-Design Performances of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from Gas Turbines." Energies 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051105.

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This paper presents an off-design analysis of a gas turbine Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) combined cycle. Combustion turbine performances are significantly affected by fluctuations in ambient conditions, leading to relevant variations in the exhaust gases’ mass flow rate and temperature. The effects of the variation of ambient air temperature have been considered in the simulation of the topper cycle and of the condenser in the bottomer one. Analyses have been performed for different working fluids (toluene, benzene and cyclopentane) and control systems have been introduced on critical parameters, such as oil temperature and air mass flow rate at the condenser fan. Results have highlighted similar power outputs for cycles based on benzene and toluene, while differences as high as 34% have been found for cyclopentane. The power output trend with ambient temperature has been found to be influenced by slope discontinuities in gas turbine exhaust mass flow rate and temperature and by the upper limit imposed on the air mass flow rate at the condenser as well, suggesting the importance of a correct sizing of the component in the design phase. Overall, benzene-based cycle power output has been found to vary between 4518 kW and 3346 kW in the ambient air temperature range considered.

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Xu, Li, Yan-Ping Chen, Po-Hsien Wu, and Bin-Juine Huang. "Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Desalination System with Air-Cooling Condenser and Cellulose Evaporative Pad." Water 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010142.

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This paper presents a humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system with an air-cooling condenser. Seawater in copper tubes is usually used in a condenser, but it has shown the drawbacks of pipe erosion, high cost of the copper material, etc. If air could be used as the cooling medium, it could not only avoid the above drawbacks but also allow much more flexible structure design of condensers, although the challenge is whether the air-cooing condenser can provide as much cooling capability as water cooling condensers. There is no previous work that uses air as cooling medium in a condenser of a HDH desalination system to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we designed a unique air-cooling condenser that was composed of closely packed hollow polycarbonate (PC) boards. The structure was designed to create large surface area of 13.5 m2 with the volume of only 0.1 m3. The 0.2 mm thin thickness of the material helped to reduce the thermal resistance between the warm humid air and cooling air. A fan was used to suck the ambient air in and out of the condenser as an open system to the environment. Results show that the air-cooling condenser could provide high cooling capability to produce fresh water efficiently. Meanwhile, cellulous pad material was used in the humidifier to enhance the evaporative process. A maximum productivity of 129 kg/day was achieved using the humidifier with a 0.0525 m3 cellulous pad with a water temperature of 49.5 °C. The maximum gained output ratio (GOR) was 0.53, and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) was 20.7 for waste heat recovery. It was found that the system performance was compromised as the ambient temperature increased due to the increased temperature of cooling air; however, such an effect could be compensated by increasing the volume of the condenser.

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Shahbazi, Shahrokh, Iman Mansouri, Jong Wan Hu, and Armin Karami. "Effect of Soil Classification on Seismic Behavior of SMFs considering Soil-Structure Interaction and Near-Field Earthquakes." Shock and Vibration 2018 (October 8, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4193469.

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Seismic response of a structure is affected by its dynamic properties and soil flexibility does not have an impact on it when the bottom soil of foundation is supposedly frigid, and the soil flexibility is also ignored. Hence, utilizing the results obtained through fixed-base buildings can lead to having an insecure design. Being close to the source of an earthquake production causes the majority of earthquake’s energy to reach the structure as a long-period pulse. Therefore, near-field earthquakes produce many seismic needs so that they force the structure to dissipate output energy by relatively large displacements. Hence, in this paper, the seismic response of 5- and 8-story steel buildings equipped with special moment frames (SMFs) which have been designed based on type-II and III soils (according to the seismic code of Iran-Standard 2800) has been studied. The effects of soil-structure interaction and modeling of the panel zone were considered in all of the two structures. In order to model radiation damping and prevent the reflection of outward propagating dilatational and shear waves back into the model, the vertical and horizontal Lysmer–Kuhlemeyer dashpots as seen in the figures are adopted in the free-field boundary of soil. The selected near- and far-field records were used in the nonlinear time-history analysis, and structure response was compared in both states. The results obtained from the analysis showed that the values for the shear force, displacement, column axial force, and column moment force on type-III soil are greater than the corresponding values on type-II soil; however, it cannot be discussed for drift in general.

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Sigarlaki, Alviano Markus, Hesky Stevy Kolibu, and Verna Albert Suoth. "PEMODELAN KONTROL SUHU, TEKANAN, DAN LAJU ALIRAN UAP PADA KONDENSOR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL LOGIKA FUZZY." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 15, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.15.1.2015.6765.

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PEMODELAN KONTROL SUHU, TEKANAN, DAN LAJU ALIRAN UAP PADA KONDENSOR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL LOGIKA FUZZY ABSTRAK Kondensor adalah komponen pendingin yang digunakan dalam sistem PLTP Lahendong untuk mengubah uap menjadi air. Banyak hal yang terjadi pada kondensor seperti kevakuman tekanan kondensor yang sering naik turun, serta laju aliran uap dari turbin yang tidak stabil. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi efisiensi kerja kondensor. Pemodelan kontrol suhu, tekanan dan laju aliran uap pada kondensor dengan menggunakan kontrol logika fuzzy, dilakukan untuk memperoleh efisiensi yang baik pada proses kerja kondensor. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari PLTP Lahendong yang diolah dan dianalisis dengan software logika fuzzy menurut aturan rule yang ditentukan. Hasil dan analisis tersebut dipakai untuk melihat keefektifan hubungan antara input dan output. Hasil pengontrolan fuzzy dapat menunjukkan stabilitas dan keefektifan yang terjamin. Hal ini terlihat pada volume air kondensor yang cenderung stabil dengan nilai error pada RMSE adalah 0.7847. Kata kunci : Model Logika Fuzzy, Kondensor, Kontrol Logika Fuzzy DESIGN TEMPERATURE CONTROL PRESSURE STEAM FLOW RATE IN THE CONDENSER USED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL ABSTRACT Condenser is cooling components used in the system PLTP Lahendong to change steam into water. Many things that happen in the condenser such as vacuum condenser pressure is often up and down, also the flow rate of the steam turbine unstable. This can affect the efficiency of the condenser. Design control temperature, pressure and flow rate of steam in the condenser by using fuzzy logic control, performed to obtain a good efficiency in the work process condenser. This study uses secondary data from PLTP Lahendong processed and analyzed with fuzzy logic software according to the rules specified rule. Results and analysis are used to see the effectiveness of the relationship between inputs and outputs. The results of fuzzy control can demonstrate the stability and effectiveness are guaranteed. This can be seen in the volume of water condenser with a stable trend in the RMSE error value is 0.7847. Keywords : Design Fuzzy Logic, Condenser, Control Fuzzy Logic

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Septiadi, Wayan Nata, Fazlur Rahman, Made Ricki Murti, Komang Wahyu Tri Prasetia, Gerardo Janitra Puriadi Putra, Luh Putu Ike Midiani, and Nandy Putra. "Thermal Resistance of Cascade Heat Pipe as CPU Cooling System to Maintain Safe Temperature for Computer." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.165173.

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Computer will overheat quickly if used in a state of full load continuously. One component on a computer that generates heat is the central processing unit (CPU) which is a key component on a computer where program instructions are processed. One of the right solutions to cool the CPU is the use of heat pipes as cooling system, using several size container, loaded with a special liquid liquid to deliver the heat from the evaporator zone to the other end called condenser zone, but because the heat pipe condenser output temperature is still high therefore a cascade heat pipe was created to lower the output temperature. In this study there are four CPU cooling systems used namely single condenser cascade heat pipe and a double condenser cascade heat pipe, while others two cooling systems as a comparison namely non-cascade heat pipe and non-cascade heat pipe with fan. This study aims to find out the cooling performance of cascade heat pipe as CPU cooling system in a small form factor desktop PC by testing variations in workload, the workload given is idle load (12W) where the processor only runs the operating system without the software load so the processor utilization is only 1% -10%. Next is the medium load (30W) that uses 2 threads with processor utilization of 50% -90%. The last workload is full load (35W) with the number of threads used being 4 with processor utilization of 90% -100%. This research found that the thermal resistance of the cascade heat pipe tended to be higher than that of the non-cascade heat pipe, however the increase that occurred was not too large compared to the resulting performance of 60.2°C in the processor and 40.4°C in the heat sink for the cascade double condenser, the operating temperature of the CPU does not increase significantly as the thermal resistance increases on the cascade heat pipe.

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Lu, Xiao Feng, and Xiu Wen Chen. "Preliminary Research for Optimization of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Cold-End." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.422.

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Aiming at the problem of gas-steam combined cycle cold-end system, the system of the circulating water and condenser are considered as a whole. Based on the basic thermodynamics principles, and considering the coupling characteristics of the output load with gas turbine and steam turbine, providing an analytical method that is used to determine the optimal value of condenser vacuum pressure and circulation water flow rate, the optimum operation mode is obtained with the systematic view. And take a 9F-class circulation unit as an example, the operating mode has been verified by adopting this method. The results indicate that the economy of unit increased after optimization.

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Gao, Shi Yuan, and Li Xi Zhang. "Performance Analysis of Humidifying Dehumidifying Solar Desalination Unit." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.124.

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The Humidifying-Dehumidifying desalination unit with active heating and natural air cycling is studied in this paper. Each component is analyzed by energy balance. The instantaneous performances of unsteady heat transfer and mass transfer are calculated. Take midsummer and midwinter as represent, the air temperature in evaporator and condenser, seawater temperature in water box and water output in one day are calculated by program. The environment parameters, operating parameters affecting the output of unit are analyzed, and it's obtained that: the solar radiation intensity, atmosphere temperature are the main factors affect water output of the unit, well wind speed and the initial seawater quality in boxes hardly affect water output.

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Leily Nurul Komariah, Heriyanto, A. Zulkarnain Ariko, and Fitra Armando. "Monitoring fouling dan jadwal pembersihan condenser dalam crude distiller unit pada pabrik pengilangan minyak bumi." Jurnal Teknik Kimia 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jtk.v24i2.430.

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Crude Distiller Unit (CDU) adalah bagian penting dipakai pada hampir semua unit kilang minyak bumi. CDU berfungsi untuk memfraksionasikan crude oil menjadi senyawa sederhana untuk diumpankan ketahap selanjutnya sebagai bahan baku padasecondary process. Pada CDU dilakukan proses pengolahan crude hingga menjadi produk-produk seperti crude butane, SR Tops, Naphtha II, Naphtha III, Naphtha IV, LKD, HKD, LCT, HCT, dan umpan High Vacuum Unit. Produk Seperti SR tops output kolom 3-1 dikondensasikan untuk kemudian dialirkan melalui pompa ke tahap secondary process. Tipe condenser adalah vertikal dengan kondensasi pada bagian shell. SR tops melalui shell sementara air pendingin melalui tube. Fouling merupakan salah satu faktor penurunan koefisien transfer perpindahan panas, dimana fouling merupakan akumulasi dari deposit material pada dinding transfer panas. Dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan interview didapati data-data mengenai kondisi operasi condenser 5-1. Sementara dengan metode referensi untuk mencari data-data yang diperlukan untuk melakukan perhitungan dan study literature untuk korelasi hasil yang didapat. Hasil perhitungan dengan data aktual menunjukan bahwa sekitar 39 bulan lagi adalah waktu maksimal operasi condenser sebelum di cleaning. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori yang ada dimana waktu normal pengoperasi condenser ialah berkisar antara 3-4 tahun untuk selanjutnya di cleaning.Sementara dengan mengganti air pendingin yang semula air sungai menjadi air yang telah ditreatment didapat bahwa condenser mampu beroperasi hingga 137 bulan lagi untuk selanjutnya dilakukan cleaning. Hal ini menunjukan penggantian jenis pendingin yang digunakan berpengaruh besar dalam pengurangan rate fouling pada condenser. Sehingga perlu adanya upaya penggantian air pendingin sehingga waktu operasi alat lebih optimal.

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WANG, Zheng. "Effect of Deflecting Ring on Noise Generated by Axial Fan of Condenser in Refrigerator." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 50, no. 12 (2014): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2014.12.151.

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Rajper, Muhib Ali, Abdul Ghafoor Memon, and Khanji Harijan. "Exergy Analysis of a Subcritical Reheat Steam Power Plant with Regression Modeling and Optimization." July 2016 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1603.16.

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In this paper, exergy analysis of a 210 MW SPP (Steam Power Plant) is performed. Firstly, the plant is modeled and validated, followed by a parametric study to show the effects of various operating parameters on the performance parameters. The net power output, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency are taken as the performance parameters, while the condenser pressure, main steam pressure, bled steam pressures, main steam temperature, and reheat steam temperature isnominated as the operating parameters. Moreover, multiple polynomial regression models are developed to correlate each performance parameter with the operating parameters. The performance is then optimizedby using Direct-searchmethod. According to the results, the net power output, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency are calculated as 186.5 MW, 31.37 and 30.41%, respectively under normal operating conditions as a base case. The condenser is a major contributor towards the energy loss, followed by the boiler, whereas the highest irreversibilities occur in the boiler and turbine. According to the parametric study, variation in the operating parameters greatly influences the performance parameters. The regression models have appeared to be a good estimator of the performance parameters. The optimum net power output, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency are obtained as 227.6 MW, 37.4 and 36.4, respectively, which have been calculated along with optimal values of selected operating parameters.

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Han, Long Na, Yong Zheng Shi, and De Ying Li. "Experiment on the Spray Humidification System among Different Relative Humidity." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2147.

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Aiming at the problem of air-cooled condenser output limit under high temperature in summer, the spray humidification system is adopted here to reduce inlet air temperature. Therefore, experiments are presented to study in different relative humidity. Experiment results show it can decrease the power consumption and increase the refrigerating capacity. Experiment verifies the feasibility of spray humidification system.

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Kumar, Sumit, Dileep Kumar, Rizwan Ahmed Memon, Majid Ali Wassan, and Sikandar Ali Mir. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Coal Fired Power Plant." October 2018 37, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1804.13.

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In this paper, energy and exergy analysis has been conducted on a subcritical coal fired power plant of Wisconsin Power and Light Company, USA to investigate the steam cycle energy and exergy efficiency. The cycle is analyzed by developing a mathematical model using its operating and design parameters. The analysis is performed using EES (Engineering Equation Solver). The energy analysis shows that major share of energy loss occurs in condenser i.e. 72% of total cycle energy loss, whereas, exergy analysis shows that 83.09% total exergy destruction of cycle occurs in boiler.Furthermore, the simulation results are compared with actual with an absolute error of 3.1%. Additionally, the parametric study is performed to examine the effects of various operating parameters such as main steam pressure and temperature, condenser pressure, terminal and drain cooler temperature difference on net power output, energy andexergy efficiency of cycle. The parametric study shows that the plant has maximum energy and exergy efficiencies at steam pressure of 2500psi, condenser pressure of 1.0psi and main steam temperature of 1100oF. Furthermore, these parameters do not seem to change energy and exergy efficiencies significantly.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Axial output to condenser'

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