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Journal articles on the topic 'Axial response'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Escalera, Juan C., Juan Campos, and Maria J. Yzuel. "Pupil symmetries for identical axial response." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 7, no. 4 (March 1994): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650070405.

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2

Murff, J. D., and R. A. Schapery. "Time dependence of axial pile response." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 10, no. 4 (July 1986): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610100409.

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3

Pickering, E. G., E. Bele, and V. S. Deshpande. "Multi-axial response of idealized cermets." Acta Materialia 116 (September 2016): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.051.

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4

Ruiz-Medrano, Jorge, Ignacio Flores-Moreno, Pablo Peña-García, Javier A. Montero, Jay S. Duker, and José M. Ruiz-Moreno. "Author Response: Choroidal Thickness and Axial Length." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 55, no. 8 (August 14, 2014): 5055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-15119.

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5

Zhao, Chang Jun, Yu Xin Sun, Huang Qiu Zhu, and Xian Xing Liu. "Axial Suspension Fuzzy PID Control for Axial Artificial Heart Pump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.323.

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This paper designs an intelligent fuzzy PID controller of electromagnetic bearing for axial artificial heart pump (AAHP) to achieve re-stable suspension and quick response performance. and Matlab/Simulink is employed to simulate floating process of the rotor and the process of response to displacement disturbance. The simulation results show that the floating overshoot can be inhibited effectively, with the fuzzy PID controller. Fuzzy PID controller can respond to sudden displacement disturbance quickly. Then analyze the simulation waveforms of Fuzzy PID controller and traditional PID controller, verify that the fuzzy PID controller can overcome the shortcomings of traditional PID controller, and increase the control precision of the system and the robustness of the system.

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6

Benavent, Diego, Chamaida Plasencia-Rodríguez, Karen Franco-Gómez, Romina Nieto, Irene Monjo-Henry, Diana Peiteado, Alejandro Balsa, and Victoria Navarro-Compán. "Axial spondyloarthritis and axial psoriatic arthritis: similar or different disease spectrum?" Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 (January 2020): 1759720X2097188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x20971889.

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Aims: First, to compare clinical features and biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) response in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and axial psoriatic arthritis (axPsA). Second, to identify possible predictors of treatment response in both entities. Methods: One-year follow-up, observational, single-center study including all patients with axSpA or axPsA who started bDMARDs therapy. Clinical features were collected at baseline while disease activity was measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months by the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score and the Physician Global Assessment. The frequency of patients achieving inactive disease (ID), low disease activity (LDA), high or very high disease activity and clinical improvement were compared between axSpA and axPsA. Baseline predictor factors for achieving treatment response were identified through regression models, using odds ratio (OR) as an estimate. Results: In total, 352 patients were included: 287 (81.5%) axSpA and 65 (18.5%) axPsA. No significant differences at baseline were observed between the two diseases for most of the characteristics. While HLA-B27 positivity was associated with axSpA (OR = 5.4; p < 0.001), peripheral manifestations were associated with axPsA (OR = 4.7; p < 0.001). The frequency of patients with axSpA and axPsA achieving ID/LDA after 6 and 12 months of bDMARDs was comparable: 53% versus 58%, p = 0.5; and 58% versus 60%, p = 0.9, respectively. Both diseases also presented similar clinical improvement. In axSpA and axPsA, male gender seemed to be associated with achieving LDA [OR at 12 months visit = 2.8 ( p < 0.01) and 2.7 ( p = 0.09)]. Conclusion: In clinical practice, patients with axSpA and axPsA present numerous similarities, including comparable medium-term clinical response to bDMARDs. Male gender could be a predictor of treatment response in both diseases.Keyword: axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial involvement, clinical characteristics

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7

Wo, Andrew M., Meng-Hsuan Chung, and Shu-Tzung Hsu. "Gust Response Decomposition in a Stator/Rotor Axial Compressor with Varying Axial Gap." Journal of Propulsion and Power 13, no. 2 (March 1997): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5163.

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8

Magina, Nicholas A., and Timothy C. Lieuwen. "Effect of axial diffusion on the response of diffusion flames to axial flow perturbations." Combustion and Flame 167 (May 2016): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.01.012.

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9

Savigamin, Chatuphat, and Antonio Bobet. "Seismic response of a deep circular tunnel subjected to axial shear and axial bending." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 112 (June 2021): 103863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.103863.

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10

Michaelides, O., G. Gazetas, G. Bouckovalas, and E. Chrysikou. "Approximate non-linear dynamic axial response of piles." Géotechnique 48, no. 1 (February 1998): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.1998.48.1.33.

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11

Schmitz, Tony L. "Torsional and axial frequency response prediction by RCSA." Precision Engineering 34, no. 2 (April 2010): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2009.08.005.

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12

Briaud, Jean‐Louis, and Larry M. Tucker. "Measured and Predicted Axial Response of 98 Piles." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 114, no. 9 (September 1988): 984–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1988)114:9(984).

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13

El Naggar, Mohamed H., and Milos Novak. "Non‐Linear Model for Dynamic Axial Pile Response." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 120, no. 2 (February 1994): 308–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1994)120:2(308).

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14

Abdel-Meguid, M., M. H. El Naggar, and J. Q. Shang. "Axial response of piles in electrically treated clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 36, no. 3 (October 25, 1999): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-010.

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Improvement of the shear strength of soft clayey soils around steel pipe piles using high-voltage electrokinetics is investigated in the present study. The experimental setup of a large-scale testing facility is described. Four model piles were installed in two identical cylinders filled with simulated marine sediment. Five electrically insulated electrodes were installed close to the piles to apply a high-voltage electric field in the test cylinder. Negative direct current voltages of -20, -30, and -10 kV were applied in three phases, respectively, for 33 days in the treatment cylinder. Axial compression and pullout pile load tests were performed and the results were compared for both cylinders after each phase of treatment. The pile response is presented in terms of the experimental load deflection curves. It is observed that the axial capacity was increased 30, 29, and 8% after the first, second, and third treatment phases, respectively. The pullout capacity was increased due to the treatment by 11, 23, and 12% after the first, second, and third treatment phases, respectively. Further development of this technique may provide potential solutions for the improvement of soft marine clays, and ultimately it could be applied in the field to rehabilitate existing offshore foundations.Key words: electrokinetics, piles, marine clays, soil improvement, bearing capacity, axial loading.

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15

Baliga, Ravishanker, Sharat K. Rao, Raghuvir Pai, Satish B. Shenoy, Atmananda K. Hegde, Shubham Swaroop, and Abhijeet Shetkar. "Periprosthetic bone response to axial loading following TKR." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 16, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-06-2018-0109.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate by means of finite element analysis (FEA), the effect of polyethylene insert thickness and implant material, under axial loading following TKA. Design/methodology/approach The 3D geometric model of bone was processed using the CT scan data by MIMICS (3matic Inc.), package. Implant components were 3D scanned and subsequently 3D modeled using ANSYS Spaceclaim and meshed in Hypermesh (Altair Hyperworks). The assembled, meshed bone-implant model was then input to ABAQUS for FE simulations, considering axial loading. Findings Polyethylene insert thickness was found to have very little or no significance (p>0.05) on the mechanical performance, namely, stress, strain and stress shielding of bone-implant system. Implant material was found to have a very significant effect (p<0.05) on the performance parameters and greatly reduced the high stress zones up to 60 percent on the tibial flange region and periprosthetic region of tibia. Originality/value Very few FEA studies have been done considering a full bone with heterogeneous material properties, to save computational time. Moreover, four different polyethylene insert thickness with a metal-backed and all-poly tibial tray was considered as the variables affecting the bone-implant system response, under static axial loading. The authors believe that considering a full bone shall lead to more precise outcomes, in terms of the response of bone-implant system, namely, stress, strains and stress shielding in the periprosthetic region, to loading.

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16

LeClair, Raymond A. "Axial Response of Multilayered Strands with Compliant Layers." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 117, no. 12 (December 1991): 2884–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1991)117:12(2884).

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17

Wilson, M. Edward. "Axial Length and the Response to Strabismus Surgery." Archives of Ophthalmology 108, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1990.01070060022005.

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18

Ghazavi, Mahmoud. "Response of tapered piles to axial harmonic loading." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 11 (November 2008): 1622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-073.

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This paper presents a new mathematical approach for the analysis of a harmonically vibrating, linear, elastic, tapered pile. The soil consists of a number of horizontal elastic strata that are homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly viscoelastic. The governing differential equation for an arbitrary pile segment is obtained and solved. The solution starts from the pile toe and ends up with the pile head. It will be shown that when the taper angle is increased, the resonant amplitudes of piles decrease. It will also be demonstrated that the resonance amplitudes and resonant frequencies of the floating tapered pile and a uniform pile of the same volume and length vary slightly. However, the resonant amplitude of an end-bearing tapered pile is significantly less than that of the equivalent uniform pile. It will generally be concluded that the use of tapered piles subjected to axial harmonic vibrations is superior to the use of cylindrical piles of the same length and volume. This is very attractive for dynamically loaded piles, encouraging the practical use of tapered piles.

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19

D'Mello, Royan J., Sophia Guntupalli, Lucas R. Hansen, and Anthony M. Waas. "Dynamic axial crush response of circular cell honeycombs." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2146 (May 23, 2012): 2981–3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2011.0722.

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The dynamic axial crush response of circular cell polycarbonate honeycombs was studied for 3-cell and 7-cell specimens experimentally and through finite-element (FE) simulation. The experiments were conducted using two loading methods: (i) the wave loading device (WLD) method and (ii) the direct impact method (DIM). The specimens were subjected to crush velocities of about 12 000 mm s −1 in the WLD method and 5000 mm s −1 in the DIM. The two methods were used to obtain a fairly wide range of input velocities. The collapse sequence and displacement information of the specimens were captured using a high-speed camera. The mode of collapse was through progressive concertina-diamond fold formation over a fairly constant state of load, which is referred to as the crush load. The crushing was simulated using an explicit FE analysis using ABAQUS, with geometrically imperfect 3-cell and 7-cell honeycomb models that incorporated the rate-dependent properties of polycarbonate. The FE results were found to agree well with the experimental results in terms of overall force–displacement plots, thus providing a basis to extract energy absorption estimates from the models and to draw comparisons between the 3-cell and 7-cell response behaviour. Moreover, the dynamic crush results were compared against a quasi-static axial crush response to demonstrate the presence of rate effects.

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20

Khalil, Sammy, Kerry Hourigan, and Mark C. Thompson. "Response of unconfined vortex breakdown to axial pulsing." Physics of Fluids 18, no. 3 (March 2006): 038102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2180290.

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21

Bauer, H. F., and W. Eidel. "Axial response of an amphora-type liquid column." Acta Astronautica 25, no. 11 (November 1991): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(91)90046-8.

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22

Lowe, T. C., and J. Lipkin. "Analysis of axial deformation response during reverse shear." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 39, no. 3 (January 1991): 417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(91)90020-o.

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23

Tang, Zhong, Haotian Zhang, Yuepeng Zhou, and Yu Li. "Mutual Interference and Coupling Response of Multicylinder Vibration among Combine Harvester Co-Frame." Shock and Vibration 2019 (June 16, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1584391.

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Unbalanced vibrations of axial threshing cylinders on a combine harvester were coupled to each other through a frame. The intensified unbalanced vibration will shorten the working life of the axial threshing cylinder. In this paper, the theoretical modes of the axial threshing cylinder were carried out by using finite element analysis software ANSYS. The axis trajectory and speed fluctuation of the axial threshing cylinder under no-load state and threshing state were tested and analyzed. According to the amplitude and axis trajectory of the transmission shaft, as well as the variation law of the axial threshing cylinder speed, the influence of rice straw on the vibration under the threshing state was revealed. The rotation speeds of cylinder I and cylinder III were adjusted, and the amplitude of cylinder II transmission shaft was analyzed when cylinder II was under stable condition. Then the disturbance and coupling relationships among the unbalanced vibration of axial threshing cylinders were compared. Test results showed that the rotational frequency of the axial threshing cylinder was not in its resonance interval at rated speed. When the axial threshing cylinder was threshing, the horizontal amplitude increased by 0.366 mm. The vertical amplitude increased by 0.697 mm. The speed decreased from 763 rpm to about 750 rpm. The rotational frequency of the axial threshing cylinder would not cause the resonance. With the feeding of rice, the amplitude of the axial threshing cylinder increased slightly and the operating speed was lower than the rated speed. The unbalanced vibration of the axial threshing cylinder transmitted along the frame and coupled with each other, causing the vibration of the axial threshing cylinder to be intensified.

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24

Thambyah, Ashvin, and Neil D. Broom. "Further Insight into the Depth-Dependent Microstructural Response of Cartilage to Compression Using a Channel Indentation Technique." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/358192.

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Stress relaxation and structural analysis were used to investigate the zonally differentiated microstructural response to compression of the integrated cartilage-on-bone tissue system. Fifteen cartilage-on-bone samples were divided into three equal groups and their stress relaxation responses obtained at three different levels of axial compressive strain defined as low (~20%), medium (~40%) and high (~60%). All tests were performed using a channel indenter which included a central relief space designed to capture the response of the matrix adjacent to the directly loaded regions. On completion of each stress relaxation test and while maintaining the imposed axial strain, the samples were formalin fixed, decalcified, and then sectioned for microstructural analysis. Chondron aspect ratios were used to determine the extent of relative strain at different zonal depths. The stress relaxation response of cartilage to all three defined levels of axial strain displayed an initial highly viscous response followed by a significant elastic response. Chondron aspect ratio measurements showed that at the lowest level of compression, axial deformation was confined to the superficial cartilage layer, while in the medium and high axial strain samples the deformation extended into the midzone. The cells in the deep zone remained undeformed for all compression levels.

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25

Bao, Xian Kai, and Yi Li. "Research on Bolt Vibration Rule under Axial Dynamic Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1121.

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We obtain response regularity of stress wave in bolt, which regularity can be applied in nondestructive testing of anchoring quality, with establishing longitudinal one-dimensional bolt wave equation, studying longitudinal vibration responses under several boundary conditions by the principle theory of elastokinetics. And it is the principal theory that anchoring quality is deduced by bolt vibration response which is caused by dynamic transient vibration.

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26

Liang, Jia. "Response and Parameter Analysis of Reinforced Retaining Wall under Earthquake Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.702.

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FEM is use for the mechanical analysis of reinforced retaining wall under earthquake loading. The main results are as following. The displacement and axial force increased with the increased seismic intensity. The displacement and axial force decreased with the increased the length of bar strip. The displacement and axial force decreased with the decreased the spacing of bar strip. The displacement and axial force decreased with the increased physical mechanics parameters of filling. Seismic response was similar under bilateral seismic loading and horizontal seismic loading, seismic response was slightly larger under bilateral seismic loading.

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27

Schulze-Bauer, Christian A. J., Christian Mo¨rth, and Gerhard A. Holzapfel. "Passive Biaxial Mechanical Response of Aged Human Iliac Arteries." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1574331.

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Inflation and extension tests of arteries are essential for the understanding of arterial wall mechanics. Data for such tests of human arteries are rare. At autopsy we harvested 10 non-diseased external iliac arteries of aged subjects (52–87 yrs). Structural homogeneity was ensured by means of ultrasound imaging, and anamneses of patients were recorded. We measured the axial in situ stretches, load-free geometries and opening angles. Passive biaxial mechanical responses of preconditioned cylindrical specimens were studied in 37°C calcium-free Tyrode solution under quasistatic loading conditions. Specimens were subjected to pressure cycles varying from 0 to 33.3kPa (250mmHg) at nine fixed axial loads, varying from 0 to 9.90N. For the description of the load-deformation behavior we employed five “two-dimensional” orthotropic strain-energy functions frequently used in arterial wall mechanics. The associated constitutive models were compared in regard to their ability of representing the experimental data. Histology showed that the arteries were of the muscular type. In contrast to animal arteries they exhibited intimal layers of considerable thickness. The average ratio of wall thickness to outer diameter was 7.7, which is much less than observed for common animal arteries. We found a clear correlation between age and the axial in situ stretch λis(r=−0.72,P=0.03), and between age and distensibility of specimens, i.e. aged specimens are less distensible. Axial in situ stretches were clearly smaller (1.07±0.09,mean±SD) than in animal arteries. For one specimen λis was even smaller than 1.0, i.e. the vessel elongated axially upon excision. The nonlinear and anisotropic load-deformation behavior showed small hystereses. For the majority of specimens we observed axial stretches smaller than 1.3 and circumferential stretches smaller than 1.1 for the investigated loading range. Data from in situ inflation tests showed a significant increase of the axial stretch with intraluminal pressure. Thus, for this type of artery the axial in situ stretch of a non-pressurized vessel is not representative of the axial in vivo stretch. None of the constitutive models were able to represent the deformation behavior of the entire loading range. For the physiological loading range, however, some of the models achieved good agreement with the experimental data.

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28

REYSSAT, MATHILDE, LAURENT COURBIN, ETIENNE REYSSAT, and HOWARD A. STONE. "Imbibition in geometries with axial variations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 615 (November 25, 2008): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008003996.

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When surface wetting drives liquids to invade porous media or microstructured materials with uniform channels, the penetration distance is known to increase as the square root of time. We demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that shape variations of the channel, in the flow direction, modify this ‘diffusive’ response. At short times, the shape variations are not significant and the imbibition is still diffusive. However, at long times, different power-law responses occur, and their exponents are uniquely connected to the details of the geometry. Experiments performed with conical tubes clearly show the two theoretical limits. Several extensions of these ideas are described.

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29

Kumar, R. Suresh, C. Lakshmana Rao, and P. Chellapandi. "Biaxial Ratcheting Response of SS 316 Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.207.

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Ratcheting is one of the challenging phenomena that needs to be investigated for the Fast breeder reactor (FBRs), to arrive at the optimum structural dimensions that are safe and yet do not have undue redundancy. Austenitic stainless steel is the principal structural material for Indian FBR. Preliminary assessment indicates that there is a need to demonstrate that the main load carrying vessel made of this material can provide sufficient safety margin against ratcheting under biaxial loading conditions. This exercise calls for carrying out many simulated experiments, particularly with biaxial tension torsion specimens to generate adequate data for developing robust constitutive models to predict ratcheting. Accordingly, many biaxial tension-torsion experiments for austenitic stainless steel pipes were conducted and the best results have been reported here. The mechanical behavior of this material has been reported for a given axial tensile stress superimposed with a given range of cyclic shear stress for many cycles of loading. Rectangular rosette is used for capturing the biaxial response. Important material responses like cyclic hardening and biaxial ratcheting have been experimentally observed. Maximum accumulation of 2700 μ axial strain has been observed for a loading condition of constant axial stress of 102 MPa super imposed with a cyclic variation of shear stress amplitude of 120 MPa over 2450 cycles. The amount of progressive accumulation of axial strain was found to be directly dependent on the number of cycles. The observed rate of axial strain accumulation found decreased with increase in number of cycles. All these results are presented in detail in this paper and important conclusions that are useful in modeling the observed behavior are discussed.

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30

Kumar, Rajneesh, and Richa Vohra. "Response of thermoelastic microbeam with double porosity structure due to pulsed laser heating." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2019-0011.

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Abstract The present investigation is concerned with vibration phenomenon of a homogeneous, isotropic thermoelastic microbeam with double porosity (TDP) structure induced by pulsed laser heating, in the context of Lord– Shulman theory of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time. Laplace transform technique has been applied to obtain the expressions for lateral deflection, axial stress, axial displacement, volume fraction field, and temperature distribution. The resulting quantities are recovered in the physical domain by a numerical inversion technique. Variations of axial displacement, axial stress, lateral deflection, volume fraction field, and temperature distribution with axial distance are depicted graphically to show the effect of porosity and laser intensity parameter. Some particular cases are also deduced.

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31

Chang, Han, Lars G. Gilbertson, Vijay K. Goel, John M. Winterbottom, Charles R. Clark, and A. Patwardhan. "Dynamic response of the occipito-atlanto-axial (C0-C1-C2) complex in right axial rotation." Journal of Orthopaedic Research 10, no. 3 (May 1992): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100100318.

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32

Cheng, Ming, Weinong Chen, and Tusit Weerasooriya. "Mechanical Properties of Kevlar® KM2 Single Fiber." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 127, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1857937.

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Kevlar® KM2 fiber is a transversely isotropic material. Its tensile stress-strain response in the axial direction is linear and elastic until failure. However, the overall deformation in the transverse directions is nonlinear and nonelastic, although it can be treated linearly and elastically in infinitesimal strain range. For a linear, elastic, and transversely isotropic material, five material constants are needed to describe its stress-strain response. In this paper, stress-strain behavior obtained from experiments on a single Kevlar KM2 fiber are presented and discussed. The effects of loading rate and the influence of axial loading on transverse and transverse loading on axial stress-strain responses are also discussed.

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33

Wijewickreme, Dharma, Hamid Karimian, and Douglas Honegger. "Response of buried steel pipelines subjected to relative axial soil movement." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 7 (July 2009): 735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-019.

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The performance of buried steel pipelines subjected to relative soil movements in the axial direction was investigated using full-scale pullout testing in a soil chamber. Measured axial soil loads from pullout testing of pipes buried in loose dry sand were comparable to those predicted using guidelines commonly used in practice. The peak values of axial pullout resistance observed on pipes buried in dense dry sand were several-fold (in excess of 2 times) higher than the predictions from guidelines; the observed high axial pullout resistance is primarily due to a significant increase in normal soil stresses on the pipelines, resulting from constrained dilation of dense sand during interface shear deformations. This reasoning was confirmed by direct measurement of soil stresses on pipes during full-scale testing and numerical modeling. The research findings herein suggest that the use of the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at-rest (K0) to compute axial soil loads, employing equations recommended in common guidelines, should be undertaken with caution for pipes buried in soils that are likely to experience significant shear-induced dilation.

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34

Argyrou, Christina, Thomas D. O’Rourke, Chalermpat Pariya-Ekkasut, and Harry E. Stewart. "Ductile iron pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground rupture." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 832–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891725.

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This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of ductile iron (DI) pipeline response to earthquake-induced ground deformation through the results of a large-scale testing program and a fault rupture test on a 150-mm DI pipeline with restrained axial slip joints. The test is used to validate a two-dimensional finite element (FE) model that accounts for soil–pipeline interaction with axial slip, pullout resistance, and rotation of pipe joints. The maximum strike-slip fault offset sustained by push-on, restrained, and restrained axial slip joints is presented as a function of the pipeline/fault crossing angle. DI pipeline performance is controlled by one of the following limit states; tensile, compressive, rotational joint capacity, or local buckling in the pipe barrel. A systematic FE assessment shows that pipelines with restrained axial slip joints accommodate 2–9 and 2–10 times as much fault offset as pipelines with push-on and restrained joints, respectively, for most intersection angles. The results of this work can be used for simplified design and to quantify the relative earthquake performance of different DI pipelines.

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35

Hao, Ting Yue. "Axial Vibration Analysis of Buried Pipeline under Earthquake Interaction." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 1137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1137.

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The model of buried pipeline is adopted as Euler-Bernoulli beam, which is acted by inner fluid and outer constrained soil. The differential equation of axial vibration is deduced, applying the Hamilton principle. The differential equation of axial vibration is changed into basic form of dynamics equations, considering earthquake excitation as random wave. Utilizing the method of the elasticity time-travel analysis to programming, the responses of the displacement and acceleration at the pipe midpoint obtained, moreover the pipe elements are analyzed. The soil parameter, pipe parameter, earthquake dynamic parameter are considered as the influence elements of pipe response. The characteristic of the soil has an influence on response of velocity and acceleration. Along with soil from soft to hard, the response of acceleration becomes smaller and smaller. In the same soil, the earthquake damage rate of the piping increases along with earthquake intensity increasing.

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36

Lepik, Ülo. "Dynamic response of elastic-plastic beams with axial constraints." International Journal of Impact Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(05)80003-x.

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Vahdati, M., A. I. Sayma, M. Imregun, and G. Simpson. "Multibladerow Forced Response Modeling in Axial-Flow Core Compressors." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 2 (June 3, 2005): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2436892.

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Abstract:

This paper describes the formulation and application of an advanced numerical model for the simulation of blade-passing and low-engine order forced response in turbomachinery core compressors. The Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations are used to represent the flow in a nonlinear time-accurate fashion on unstructured meshes of mixed elements. The structural model is based on a standard finite-element representation. The fluid mesh is moved at each time step according to the structural motion so that changes in blade aerodynamic damping and flow unsteadiness can be accommodated automatically. A whole-annulus 5-bladerow forced response calculation, where three upstream and one downstream bladerows were considered in addition to the rotor bladerow of interest, was undertaken using over 20 million grid points. The results showed not only some potential shortcomings of equivalent 2-bladerow computations for the determination of the main blade-passing forced response, but also revealed the potential importance of low engine-order harmonics. Such harmonics, due to stator blade number differences, or arising from common symmetric sectors, can only be taken into account by including all stator bladerows of interest. The low engine-order excitation that could arise from a blocked passage was investigated next. It was shown that high vibration response could arise in such cases.

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Kodikara, Jayantha K., and Ian D. Moore. "Axial Response of Tapered Piles in Cohesive Frictional Ground." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 119, no. 4 (April 1993): 675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1993)119:4(675).

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Ibrahim, Aser, Mohamed Ashour, and Ayman Altahrany. "Pile Response under Axial Tension Forces in Sandy Soils." Journal of Bridge Engineering 22, no. 11 (November 2017): 04017100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001142.

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Bryden, Campbell, Kaveh Arjomandi, and Arun Valsangkar. "Dynamic Axial Response of Tapered Piles Including Material Damping." Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction 25, no. 2 (May 2020): 04020001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000467.

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Nogami, Toyoaki, and Kazuo Konagai. "Time Domain Axial Response of Dynamically Loaded Single Piles." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 112, no. 11 (November 1986): 1241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1986)112:11(1241).

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Konagai, Kazuo, and Toyoaki Nogami. "Time‐Domain Axial Response of Dynamically Loaded Pile Groups." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 113, no. 3 (March 1987): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1987)113:3(417).

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43

Schröder, J., M. Herbort, P. Rustemeyer, V. Vieth, and H. Wassmann. "Mechanical Response of Cervical Vertebral Endplates to Axial Loading." Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie 67, no. 04 (November 14, 2006): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-942279.

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Kim, H. Y., B. K. Kim, S. H. Yun, and Byoung Yoon Kim. "Response of fiber lasers to an axial magnetic field." Optics Letters 20, no. 16 (August 15, 1995): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.001713.

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Egger, Joseph, and Klaus-Peter Hoinka. "Axial Angular Momentum: Vertical Fluxes and Response to Torques." Monthly Weather Review 132, no. 5 (May 2004): 1294–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1294:aamvfa>2.0.co;2.

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Kushner, Burton J. "Axial Length and the Response to Strabismus Surgery-Reply." Archives of Ophthalmology 108, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1990.01070060022006.

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MEYERS, C. A. "Response of Elliptical Composite Cylinders to Axial Compression Loading." Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures 6, no. 2 (April 1999): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/107594199305610.

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SAURABH, Aditya, and Christian Oliver PASCHEREIT. "Swirl flow response to transverse and axial acoustic forcing." Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (2014): JFST0059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jfst.2014jfst0059.

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Koucky, Michael H., and Mark C. Pierce. "Axial response of high-resolution microendoscopy in scattering media." Biomedical Optics Express 4, no. 10 (September 25, 2013): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.4.002247.

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Wolfenden, A. "Discussion of and Response to, “Effect of Axial Compression”." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 16, no. 3 (1988): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte10387j.

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