Relevant bibliographies by topics / Axle oil

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Axle oil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Axle oil"

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Zhen, Penghou, Haizhen An, Li Chen, and Min Liu. "Research on Load-Carrying Capacity of Loader Transmission Oil Based on Driving Axle Bench Test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012021.

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Abstract The drive axle of loader is often in the state of low speed and high torque when it works, the tooth surface contact pressure is large, the tooth surface load is high, and the oil needs to have good load-carrying capacity. However, the bench test used to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of the drive axle oil adopts the drive rear axle of the truck, and the test conditions are different from the actual working conditions of the drive axle of the loader. In this paper, based on the actual working conditions of the loader drive axle into the test parameters, the bench test of simulated working conditions is carried out, and the load-carrying capacity of the oil is evaluated according to the changes of the oil performance parameters and the tooth surface damage. The results show that the established bench test method can effectively investigate the load-carrying capacity of the oil and provide support for the selection of oil in transmission system.
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Ning, Xinfei, Mingzhang Chen, Zijian Zhou, et al. "Thermal Analysis of Automobile Drive Axles by the Thermal Network Method." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 5 (2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13050075.

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Excessive temperature is detrimental to the operation stability of the automobile drive axle. It is necessary to judge whether the highest temperature exceeds the limited dangerous temperature and study the effects of key factors on reducing the temperature. In this study, the temperature field distribution (TFD) of the automobile drive axle is revealed using the thermal network method (TNM). Compared with the experimentation and finite element analysis (FEA), the TNM is more convenient for obtaining the temperature. Subsequently, the highest temperature of the automobile drive axle is clear and applied to judge whether the highest temperature exceeds the limited dangerous temperature. On the basis of the TNM, the structure and parameter effects of the automobile drive axle on reducing the temperature are studied, which improves the operation stability and working life. Several conclusions can be drawn. The highest temperatures of two-axle and planetary automobile drive axles are both located in the motor. Compared with the two-axle drive axle, the highest temperature of the planetary drive axle is obviously lower. Therefore, in terms of the planetary drive axle, the possibility of exceeding the limited dangerous temperature is lower. In addition, on the premise of ensuring the normal operation, the motor output power, the friction coefficient among teeth, the helical angle of the gear, and the thermal transfer coefficient of the lubricating oil can be optimized to be lower for reducing the temperature of the automobile drive axle.
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Yan, Shufa, Zhuo Kong, Hongwei Liu, Lin Zhang, Xiaoyu Hu, and Yuanjing Hou. "Power Loss Evaluation of an E-Axle Gearbox Considering the Influence of Gear Oil Factors." Lubricants 12, no. 1 (2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12010011.

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An accurate power loss prediction in the gearbox is desirable for improving vehicle efficiency. To achieve this objective, evaluating the power loss is necessary. However, power loss is influenced by factors such as the gearbox structure, operating conditions, and gear oil formulation, making power loss evaluation a bottleneck in practice. Therefore, a systematic modeling methodology was developed to evaluate the gearbox power loss in an E-Axle that focuses on the influence of the gear oil factors in the load and no-load cases. The gearbox used in a light-duty truck E-Axle was tested to verify the proposed model. The test was performed under various operating speeds, input loads, and oil temperatures, and four types of gear oil with different formulations were also included to quantify their influence on the power loss. The results showed that the gearbox power loss was significantly influenced by the E-Axle operating conditions, oil temperatures, and different gear oil formulations, promoting different power losses. The comparison results showed good consistency between the predicted power loss and the measured data. The proposed methodology can be utilized to effectively predict the power loss of the E-Axle gearbox and further improve the E-Axle efficiency by selecting suitable oil formulations and adjusting oil temperatures.
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Peng, Qianlei, Chi Zhou, Liangjin Gui, and Zijie Fan. "Investigation of the lubrication system in a vehicle axle: Numerical model and experimental validation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (2018): 1232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018766128.

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Transmission efficiency is the main concern in the design of the lubrication system for a gear transmission system, such as a vehicle axle. This paper presents an optimization method to reduce the churning loss and improve the transmission efficiency in an axle based on the computational fluid dynamics and the response surface method. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics method was applied to simulate the lubrication flow in the axle housing. A numerical model was built for the splash lubrication system that included the entire structure of the hypoid gears, bearings, oil passage, and other parts. The numerical results provided direct visualization of the oil flow inside the axle housing, and the numerical predictions for the oil distribution and churning loss were determined from the numerical result. Furthermore, the influences of the speed, oil level, and oil temperature on the churning loss were investigated. The oil distribution results from the numerical calculations were consistent with the experimental observations, and the error in the predictions for the churning loss was less than 9.3%. The results of this study provide a foundation for subsequent optimization work on the lubrication system of a vehicle axle.
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Pavlo, Konovalov, Voronin Serhii, Onopreychuk Dmytro, et al. "A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ELECTROSTATIC PROCESSING ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF AXLE OIL." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 1 (91) (2018): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.120977.

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The effect<strong>&nbsp;</strong>of electrostatic processing on performance characteristics of axle oil is investigated. Axle oil is used for wetting motor-axial bearings (MAB) of locomotives. There is a pressing and urgent problem of the MAB service life, which is indirectly related to the underdeveloped reserves of anti-wear properties of axle oil. To study them, it was decided to use the method of electrostatic processing, which does not require the introduction of any additives and has proven its effectiveness in the studies of other mineral oils. It is based on the ability of electric fields to destroy micellar aggregates in oil and form a solid boundary layer of molecules on friction surfaces. In the context of solving the current problem of the MAB service life, this method wasn&rsquo;t considered earlier. The research was carried out by means of the &laquo;roller-pad&raquo; friction pair, which was wetted with axle oil at different load conditions and operating times. The dependences of wear of the experimental samples under different load conditions, oil operating times and degrees of electric processing are obtained. The results show that when using axle oil subjected to ESP, the wear rate of the experimental samples is reduced. Wear rate reduction depends on the oil operating time in the lubrication system. The greatest wear rate reduction of 1.92&nbsp;times is noted for fresh oil. For the oil state after the locomotive run of 75&nbsp;thousand km, the reduction is about 1.68&nbsp;times and for the oil at the end of its service life, wear rate reduction is approximately 1.47&nbsp;times
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Zhang, You Kun, Tong Hui Ju, Tong Jie Shi, and Yan Hui Lu. "Research on the Lubrication Problems of Driveline Gearbox." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.390.

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Driveline gearbox includes transmission gearbox and rear axle,automotive gear oil used to lubricate gear.Take rear axle for example,through catia ,we can build three-dimensional models,and use ansa to mesh axle , then import it to fluid software fluent to analyze temperature,and obtain oil temperature curve under certain load over time;it can predict transmission efficiency and equilibrium temperature under a certain load ,and reduce gear wear and improve the operational reliability of the car.
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Lu, Sen Kai, Jian Huan Su, Shu De Liao, et al. "FEM Analysis on a Rear Axle Housing Oil-Leakage Prediction of Four-Wheel Farm Transporters Based on COSMOS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 120 (October 2011): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.120.70.

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A finite element method (FEM) analysis based on COSMOS study with the aim to find the causes and effects of deformations in the interface between the rear axle housing and the central gear house of the four-wheel farm transporters during operation has been performed. The present design is analyzed with the aid of a mixed-fidelity, or mixed-grain, FE-model. Boundary conditions are defined on the bushings in front of the rear axle and on the air bellows behind the rear axle. The different load scenarios are represented by forces either on the wheels, the central gear or on the rear axle housing. The simulated results showed that with the worst combined load case for the different proposed design solutions suggested that modified design with a thicker flange and a removed stiffener would be significantly better than the present design; the simulated max displacement is about 0.5 mm and satisfied the design requirement. It indicated that the proposed method of finite element analysis was a good and efficient method predicts the oil leakage of rear axle housing, which can increased the knowledge of how oil leakage from the rear axle central gearbox can be controlled by design measures.
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Ryzhova, A. O., and S. A. Beher. "Investigation of Spectral and Temporal Characteristics of Free Vibrations of Bearing Rings Press Joints for Solving Problems of Non-Destructive Testing." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 20, no. 2 (2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2022-2-20-29.

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To determine the possibility of controll the fit tightness of the press joints of the inner rings of the bearings with the journals of the wheelset axles by the method of free vibrations, experimental studies of the frequency and time patterns of bearing free rings natural vibrations, tuning samples, which are press joints of rings and shafts with interferences from 20 to 90 microns and joints of bearing rings with real axles of wheelsets, received from operation to the mid-life repair in car repair depots. The influence of various boundary conditions on the natural oscillation parameters of the free ring of the bearing has been studied. The natural frequencies of bearing rings in a free state and samples of rings and shafts press joints were experimentally determined. A comparative analysis of theharmonic spectra of their own oscillations was carried out, on the basis of which a criterion for the fit leakeage of the ring to the axle neck of the wheelset was found. The finite element method is used to calculate natural frequencies and the corresponding modes of ring vibrations in a free state and interference samples. A comparative analysis with the experimentally obtained frequencies was carried out. To analyze the patterns of free oscillation damping, the Fourier signal transformation was performed. Their amplitude-frequency-time characteristics were obtained. The spectra of free vibrations were calculated for bearing rings put on the axle journal manually, without interference with the gap between the contact surfaces of the axle and the ring filled with industrial oil and without it, for a press connection with a tight fit and for a weak press fit. A comparative analysis of the obtained spectra was carried out, on the basis of which a method for determining the fit leakeage of the ring to the axle neck was developed.
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Li, Yaojie, Chun Tian, Jiajun Zhou, and Gengwei Zhai. "Analysis of wheel-rail contact under oil lubrication conditions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2791, no. 1 (2024): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2791/1/012004.

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Abstract This investigation centers on the characteristics of the contact between the wheel and rail when lubricated with oil, with a consideration of the impact of surface roughness. Confronting significant challenges related to low adhesion, a thorough examination is undertaken to analyze the changes in film thickness under oil lubrication, investigating trends at varying vehicle speeds and axle loads. Employing detailed modeling based on micro-elastohydrodynamic theory, the distribution of oil film thickness under diverse operational conditions is determined. The findings indicate that, under oil lubrication, a film thickness in the range of several tens of micrometers is established, effectively insulating the surfaces of the wheel and rail, thereby reducing adhesion. With increasing vehicle speed, the thickness of the oil film also rises, whereas an elevation in axle load results in a marginal decrease in film thickness. This research contributes to a comprehensive comprehension of the wheel-rail contact mechanism in oil lubrication scenarios, providing theoretical backing to address concerns related to low adhesion. The implications are substantial for improving the safety and economic efficiency of efficient railway transportation.
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Kozeev, Evgeniy Viktorovich, Oleg Sergeevich Samoshkin, Evgeniy Nikolaevich Popov, and Valeriy Evgenyevich Volkov. "Development of tests of increased reliability sensors for inspection system of axle box heating." Transport of the Urals, no. 3 (2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2021-3-39-45.

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All the domestic passenger cars since 1960 are produced only on bogies with roller bearings. A transition to roller bearings demanded the cars to be equipped with inspection system of axle box heating. It is necessary because axle box be heated over a specified temperature that leads to deterioration of the oil lubricity. The main element of the inspection system of axle box heating is a thermal sensor that is installed on each axle box. Nowadays, bolster bogies of all models are equipped with type 393 thermal sensors. At introduction of new bolsterless bogies the installation of the type 393 thermal sensors on the axle boxes was carried out with the use of special brass adapter. The observations in operation showed insufficient reliability of the inspection system of axle box heating in bolsterless bogies. Consequently, the authors have carried out research on new increased reliability thermal sensors. The pilot batch has passed preliminary and acceptance rig tests. On the results of the rig tests it has been decided to carry out an under-control operation on mainline passenger cars. The under-control operation with new sensors has been carried out on the basis of the Novosibirsk passenger wagon depot. On the basis of its results the authors have established the required temperature of the inspection system of axle box heating actuation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Axle oil"

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Odložilík, Daniel. "Zařízení pro testování diferenciálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445172.

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This master’s thesis deals with the design of equipment for testing differentials. The aim of the thesis is therefore the design of a special device that will be able to measure the steady and transient characteristics of differentials. Master’s thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter points out the disadvantages of fully open and closed differentials, the second deals with a basic overview of the structures and design of self-locking differentials. The third chapter deals with research of existing devices that test and measure the characteristics of differentials. The fourth chapter then discusses the possible drives of the tested unit. The fifth chapter focuses on the actual construction design of the test equipment. The subsequent sixth chapter then solves the strength calculations of the chosen structural elements of this device.
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Gries, Sebastian [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Trottenberg, Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Klawonn, and Hamdi [Akademischer Betreuer] Tchelepi. "System-AMG Approaches for Industrial Fully and Adaptive Implicit Oil Reservoir Simulations / Sebastian Gries. Fraunhofer Institut für Algorithmen und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (SCAI). Gutachter: Ulrich Trottenberg ; Axel Klawonn ; Hamdi Tchelepi." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084872579/34.

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Jahn, Axel [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Henniger, Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Zuber, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Enghardt. "Experimentelle und rechnerische Bestimmung des Energieansprechvermögens und der Nachweiseffizienz für BeO-OSL-Detektoren / Axel Jahn. Gutachter: Kai Zuber ; Wolfgang Enghardt. Betreuer: Jürgen Henniger." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://d-nb.info/106815408X/34.

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Alexandre, Paula. "Développement des plaques du toit et du plancher dans le cerveau moyen : rôle de l' organisateur isthmique." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066077.

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Costa, David Pinho Silva Dias da. "Power loss in planetary gear transmissions lubricated with axle oils." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/79534.

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Costa, David Pinho Silva Dias da. "Power loss in planetary gear transmissions lubricated with axle oils." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/79534.

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Rodrigues, Nuno André Maia. "Torque Loss in Tapered Roller Bearings Lubricated with Axle Gear Oils." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87657.

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Rodrigues, Nuno André Maia. "Torque Loss in Tapered Roller Bearings Lubricated with Axle Gear Oils." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/87657.

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Books on the topic "Axle oil"

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Books, Larae Coloring. Fire Firetrucks Coloring: Funny for Big Kids 50 Image Quizzes Words Activity and Coloring Books Pick, Glove, Oil, Firehydrant, Axe, Water, Oil, Smartphone. Independently Published, 2020.

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Brunner, Richard. Manufacture of Lubricants, Shoe Polishes and Leather Dressings: Instructions for the Preparation of All Kinds of Lubricants, Such As Axle and Machinery Greases, Oils for Lubricating Sewing Machines and Other Working Machinery, Mineral Lubricating Oils. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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Manufacture of Lubricants, Shoe Polishes and Leather Dressings: Instructions for the Preparation of All Kinds of Lubricants, Such As Axle and Machinery Greases, Oils for Lubricating Sewing Machines and Other Working Machinery, Mineral Lubricating Oils. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.

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Book chapters on the topic "Axle oil"

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Hammami, Maroua, Mohamed Slim Abbes, Ramiro Martins, Jorge H. O. Seabra, and Mohamed Haddar. "Losses in Thrust Ball Bearings Lubricated with Axle Gear Oils." In Applied Condition Monitoring. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94616-0_3.

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Hammami, Maroua, Mohamed Slim Abbes, Ramiro Martins, Jorge H. O. Seabra, and Mohamed Haddar. "Power Losses in a Gearbox Lubricated with Axle Gear Oils." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27146-6_27.

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Panzer, Marius, Claudia Wagner, Anna-Lena Winkler, Alexander Wöll, and Richard Bernewitz. "Multipurpose Oil Filter Systems for Innovative Drivetrains and e-Axles." In Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61515-7_37.

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Panzer, Marius, Claudia Wagner, Anna-Lena Winkler, Alexander Wöll, and Richard Bernewitz. "Protection of e-axles and innovative drivetrains with multipurpose oil filter systems." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30995-4_11.

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Wagner, Claudia, Richard Bernewitz, Marius Panzer, Anna-Lena Winkler, and Alexander Wöll. "Answering Challenges in Oil Filter Systems for e-Axles and modern high efficient Transmissions." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37011-4_28.

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"Oil price model." In Petroleum Taxation. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203927892.axe.

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Villaverde, Cirilo. "V I I." In Cecilia Valdés. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143959.003.0036.

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Abstract The afternoon was swiftly drawing to a close. There, off in the most remote corner of the batey, the crude drumming with which the blacks accompanied the melancholy singing and wild dancing of their native land could still be heard.Here, around the sugar mill, there was a great deal of activity and noise. The towers or chimneys of the furnaces for making steam and heating the evaporators of the Jamaican train sent columns of thick blackish smoke into the air.The black newcomer from Africa, the helper of the mechanic who had recently arrived from Maine, the state of the country to the north known for its granite, went back and forth between the horizontal mill and the steam engine with his oil can with a long curved spout in his hand, lubricating the joints and axles so as to cut down the friction, an inevitable cause of losses of motive force.
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Wothers, Peter. "Loadstones and Earths." In Antimony, Gold, and Jupiter's Wolf. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199652723.003.0012.

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Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848), discoverer of the elements selenium, thorium, cerium, and silicon and deviser of the chemical symbols we use today, was one of the last in a long list of Swedish mineralogists and chemists active during the eighteenth century. Berzelius himself regarded one of his predecessors, Axel Fredrik Cronstedt (1722–65), as the founder of chemical mineralogy. We met Cronstedt in Chapter 2 as the discoverer of the element nickel, isolated from the ore kupfernickel. But another of Cronstedt’s achievements was perhaps of even greater significance: his development of a classification of minerals based not on their physical appearances, as had been common up to this time, but on their chemical compositions. He first published his scheme anonymously in Swedish in 1758, but it was later translated into English as An Essay towards a System of Mineralogy. Cronstedt recognized four general classes of minerals: earths, bitumens, salts, and metals. As their name suggests, the bitumens were flammable substances that might dissolve in oil but not in water. The main difference between the salts and the earths was that the former, which included the ‘alcaline mineral salt’ natron, could be dissolved in water and recrystallized from it. The earths he defined as ‘those substances which are not ductile, are mostly indissoluble in water or oil, and preserve their constitution in a strong heat’. Cronstedt initially recognized nine different classes of earth. By the time of Torbern Bergman (1735–84), these had been reduced to five which ‘cannot be derived from each other or from anything simpler’. Lavoisier and his collaborators included these five in their great work on nomenclature even though they suspected that, like soda and potash, they were most likely not simple substances, but species that contained new metals. In the 1788 English translation of the nomenclature these were called silice, alumina, barytes, lime, and magnesia. The first two eventually, in the early nineteenth century, yielded the elements silicon and aluminium. The word ‘silicon’ derives from the Latin ‘silex’ (meaning ‘flint’—a form of silicon dioxide), with the ending ‘-on’ reflecting its resemblance to the other non-metals carbon and boron.
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Gordon, Robert B. "Independent Artisans." In A Landscape Transformed. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128185.003.0006.

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By 1730 New England colonists needed increasingly large amounts of iron for their expanding economy. Shipsmiths forged iron fastenings used in the vessels they built for the coastal and West Indian trades. The mariners who sailed these ships wanted large, strong iron anchors. Millwrights needed waterwheel axles and gudgeons, spindles, and numerous other iron components for gristmills, sawmills, fulling mills, and oil mills. Builders of the forges and furnaces that smelted and shaped iron products had to have iron hammerheads and forge plates. The pioneers on the frontier in New York and northern New England wanted massive iron kettles for boiling potash, usually the first cash crop they got off their newly cleared land. Everyone needed nails. Building a bloomery forge offered an adventurer in Connecticut’s Western Lands the easiest way to start making iron. One man could run a forge, although a helper made the work easier. The bloomery proprietor needed less capital than would be required for other types of ironworks. The region had plenty of easily developed water privileges of the right size to power a bloomery forge. Although it took skill and practice to make high-quality metal, a forge owner or hired hand could learn enough of the bloom smelting technique from an experienced smith within a few months to make serviceable metal. Iron of ordinary quality satisfied most people’s needs in the early days of the northwest. If the weather were bad, ore or fuel were unavailable, crops demanded attention, or the market of iron were slow, the proprietor could easily shut down his forge at short notice and restart it as soon as conditions improved. Although a bloomery forge could be part of an enterprise employing fifty or more hands, it could also be little more than a smithy in size and complexity. A farmer could accumulate enough money to build one. Alternatively, a number of individuals might take shares in a forge run by a single artisan. The proprietors of a mercantile business, or of grist or sawmills on the same or a nearby water privilege, could easily add a bloomery to their other enterprises.
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Conference papers on the topic "Axle oil"

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Devlin, Mark T., Jeremy Senn, Michael Sturtz, Vasu Bala, Jeffrey Milner, and Tze-Chi Jao. "Improved Understanding of Axle Oil Rheology Effects on Torque Transfer Efficiency and Axle Oil Operating Temperature." In SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1972.

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Peisker, Glenn W. "A Unitized Heavy Duty Axle Oil Seal." In 3rd International Pacific Conference on Automotive Engineering (1985). SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/852348.

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Xu, Hai, Avinash Singh, Ahmet Kahraman, Joshua Hurley, and Sam Shon. "Effects of Bearing Preload, Oil Volume and Operating Temperature on Axle Power Losses." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47169.

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In order to boost the fuel economy of their vehicles, automotive OEMs and suppliers have been investigating a range of options from alternate vehicle propulsion systems down to optimized component level technologies. A rear axle differential with a hypoid gear set is one of the least efficient drive train components, and as such, provides unique opportunities for improvements. It has therefore attracted significant attention from researchers to reduce the power losses. Both loaded and unload power losses have been studied before and found to vary significantly with load and speed conditions. This paper will focus on the effects of the axle pinion bearing preload, axle gear oil levels and operating temperatures on axle power losses during the fuel economy driving cycles where both axle load and speed vary significantly. In this paper, power loss measurements from experiments conducted on an automotive rear drive axle on a dedicated dynamometer will be presented. Tests were conducted under a range of speed and load conditions that were developed from EPA fuel economy driving cycles. Both urban and highway cycles were included in the tests. Separate tests were conducted for unloaded spin losses and loaded power losses. The tests were conducted at a few different controlled levels of gear oil operating temperatures, gear oil volumes and pinion bearing preloads, and their influence on power losses were quantified. The measured power losses, at a matrix of load and speed conditions provide a series of power loss maps as a function of gear oil operating temperature, oil volume, and bearing preload. Using these power loss maps, the overall axle efficiency or power loss during any driving cycle can be quantified by integrating the instantaneous power losses as the axle goes through the driving cycles. Similar maps can be created for other influences and the proposed procedure can be utilized to quantify their influences on a given driving cycle. Results from this study indicate that with the combination of appropriate preloads, gear oil volume and temperature control, axle efficiency can potentially be improved by roughly 3% in the tested axle.
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Vichare, Chaitanya Ashok, Chetan Raval, and Sudhir Patil. "Effect of Lift Axle Suspension Design on Heavy Commercial Vehicle Handling Performance." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0049.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The cost of fuels used for automobile are rising in India on account of high global crude oil prices. The fuel cost constitutes major portion of total cost of operation for Heavy commercial vehicles. Hence, the trend is to carry the goods transport through higher payload capacity rigid/straight trucks that offer lower transportation cost per unit of goods transported. This is driving the design of multi-axle heavy trucks that have lift axles. In addition, improved network of highways and road infrastructure is leading to increase in average operating speed of heavy commercial vehicles. It has made increased focus on occupant as well as road safety while designing the heavy trucks. Hence, the analysis of lift axle suspension from the point of view of vehicle handling and stability is essential. There are two basic kinds of lift axle designs used in heavy commercial vehicles: self-steered lift axle having single tire on each side and non-steered lift axle with dual tires on each side. The effect of these lift axles on handling performance of heavy trucks is analyzed using multibody dynamics simulations in MSC-ADAMS. The roll stiffness of lift axle simulation models is validated using axle articulation test on vehicle. The change in steady state handling performance parameter with respect to baseline vehicle is compared for two designs of lift axle. Further, the amount of benefit obtained using stabilizer bar is calculated through simulation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Wetzel, Arthur, Andreas Bein, Julie A. Edgar, et al. "Understanding Oil Aging in Extended Drain Axle & amp; Transmission Applications." In SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exhibition. SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3592.

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Hu, Xiaoyu, Hengheng Shao, Yuanjing Hou, Wanyu Sun, Hongwei Liu, and Lin Zhang. "A methodology for modeling the thermal behavior of an electric axle in real driving cycles." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2588.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The thermal behavior of the electric axle is an essential indicator which requires certain attention during the development process. Due to the complexity of heat generation mechanism and heat transfer boundary conditions, it is difficult to accurately predict the axle’s temperature, especially in real driving conditions. In this paper, a comprehensive 1D model is developed to simulate its heat transfer process effectively and accurately.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The heat transfer model is developed based on the thermal network method, and the electric axle is divided into thermal mass according to its heat transfer characteristics. The heat generation model, which accounts for meshing loss, bearing loss, churning loss, and windage loss, exchanges heat flux and oil temperature information with the heat transfer model to take into account the effect of lubricating oil temperature on power loss. Meanwhile, 3D simulation is established for the lubricating oil flow inside the axle and the air flow around it, from which the fluid velocity or void fraction could be generated and further applied to calculate the heat transfer coefficient. Thus, the integrated 1D model is realized to simulate the whole heat transfer process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The proposed model is validated under several real driving cycles of a commercial heavy-duty truck, and the simulation results show positive consistency with experimental results. Further analysis is conducted including proportion of various power loss and oil temperature rise curve, which provides profound insight into understanding thermal behavior of the electric axle. In conclusion, the proposed method exhibits attractive application prospect in the design and optimization process.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Amaral, Sergio Roberto, Ricardo Alexandre Sassa, Thayane Aparecida Silva, Luiz Antonio de Oliveira Doria, Egidio Correia, and Edison Lopes. "MAGNET APPLIED AT TRUCK AND BUSSES REAR AXLE HOUSING TO AVOID FIRST REPLACEMENT OIL AND INCREASE THE OIL CHANGE INTERVAL POSSIBILITY." In XXI Simpósio Internacional de Engenharia Automotiva. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/engpro-simea-pap10.

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Bouffet, Alain. "Axle Oil Aging – A Fresh Look at an Old Problem (Part One - Simplified Approach to Modeling)." In Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2394.

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Sarkar, Subrata, Eric Samuelson, Jordan Allen, and Ryan Spiekermann. "Root Cause Analysis of Limited Slip Differential Noise Vibration Harshness." In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1138.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The primary objective of this research was to identify the root cause of limited slip differential (LSD) NVH. The study examined the significance of different oils and additives that make up the lubrication mix in the axle. The impacts of gear marking compound type, friction modifier type, gear marking compound level, friction modifier level, reaction plate surface finish roughness, and friction material type were studied using Taguchi's Design of Experiment. Eaton's Vertical Friction Tester (VFT), a sub-system level test stand, was used to measure the performance characteristics of the clutch pack and oil mix. Sequential approximation and cumulative analysis methodologies were used to analyze test data where NVH was beyond the measurement capacity of the test stand. The DOE analysis showed that the type of gear marking compound used to set the ring gear mesh during axle build had the most significant influence on NVH levels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Dambir, Gaurav. "Multidisciplinary and Integrated Approach to Predict Automotive Axle System Efficiency." In Energy & Propulsion Conference & Exhibition. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-4314.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In today’s competitive automotive market, customers are now looking for system efficiency as one of the important design parameters of system performance along with durability and reliability. It is essential to ensure products are designed to utilize maximum input power and have better system efficiency. In automotives, transmission and axle systems are power transmitting elements from prime mover to wheels and are one of the main contributors to overall vehicle efficiency. Hence, predicting and assessing overall system efficiency of these aggregates is of paramount importance. System efficiency is driven by component power losses for various speeds and torques, which are arising out of component design parameters, complex interaction within system, operating conditions, lubrication, temperatures etc.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To capture multi-physics of speed and torque dependent losses of automotive axle, multidisciplinary and integrated approach is proposed in this paper, Efficiency predictive model is developed in simulation tool by modelling detailed system consists of power transmitting components and flexible housings. Churning losses of hypoid gears, differential system, and auxiliary components etc. which are speed dependent, are evaluated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) principles. Frictional losses of hypoid gears and bearings are evaluated by different ISO methods. With these, total system losses are evaluated including oil seal losses, and overall system efficiency is calculated thereby. Developed methods are applied to commercial vehicle axle and validated with physical test. This helps to evaluate system loss components and their respective contributions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Developed predictive methods can be easily extended to e-axle system efficiency prediction. Using these methods, system efficiency and power losses can be predicted and analyzed at design stage before prototypes are built and help to carry out required design changes to improve system efficiency. Actionable insights from predictive model helps to ensure axle system and components are designed for better efficiency right at initial stage of design.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Reports on the topic "Axle oil"

1

Qu, Jun, Michael Viola, Lake Speed, et al. Development of Ionic Liquid-Additized, GF-5/6 Compatible Low-Viscosity Oils for Automotive Engine and Rear Axle Lubrication for 4% Improved Fuel Economy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1760147.

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Qu, Jun, Yan Zhou, Huimin Luo, et al. ORNL-GM: Development of Ionic Liquid-Additized, GF-5/6 Compatible Low-Viscosity Oils for Automotive Engine and Rear Axle Lubrication for 4% Improved Fuel Economy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342688.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Axle oil' for particular source types:
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