Relevant bibliographies by topics / Axolotl

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Academic literature on the topic 'Axolotl'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Axolotl"

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Wanderer, Emily. "The Axolotl in Global Circuits of Knowledge Production: Producing Multispecies Potentiality." Cultural Anthropology 33, no. 4 (2018): 650–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca33.4.09.

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The axolotl is a noteworthy species of salamander, one both biologically remarkable and culturally significant. Native to the canals of Xochimilco, a neighborhood in Mexico City, the charismatic species has deep connections to Mexican history and identity, as well as serving as an important model organism for scientists studying regenerative biology. Drawing on fieldwork in Mexico with restoration ecologists engaged in conserving axolotl habitats, as well as on scientific papers and informal communications among scientists who use axolotls as model organisms, I examine the fate of the axolotl in and out of Xochimilco. Taking up the lives of both wild and cultivated axolotls, this essay asks what is at stake when a species is eliminated from one anthropogenic environment, the canals of Xochimilco, while being made to live in another, the laboratories of scientists studying developmental and regenerative biology. In the lab, axolotls are interpreted as plastic and flexible, potential models for reconfiguring human capabilities, injury, and aging. In the wild, the axolotl is a fragile sentinel species in need of protection that serves as an indicator of the fragility of the ecosystem more broadly. Conservationists interpret its failure to thrive as a message to human populations to reform and reconsider how they live in relation to the environment. This essay demonstrates how, through scientists’ care, axolotls come to represent different forms of potential and produce different insights into human life, enabling distinct imaginings of the future.
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Barr, L. "Hypersensitivity to light of the iris (Sphincter pupillae) of the albino axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)." Journal of Experimental Biology 137, no. 1 (1988): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.137.1.589.

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As is common for amphibians, the sphincter pupillae of the axolotl contracts in vitro in response to illumination with visible light. 1. In a comparison of photomechanical responses of albino and normally pigmented axolotls, similar time courses and maxima of force development were found. 2. The dependence of isometric active force development on the length of the sphincter pupillae is similar to that of other smooth muscles. 3. The action spectrum of the axolotl is similar to the absorption spectrum of frog rhodopsin. 4. At low stimulus strengths, the increase of normalized, isometric, active force with increasing stimulus strength is approximately seven times as great in albino axolotls as in normally pigmented ones. 5. Melanin appears to decrease the light sensitivity of the irises of normally pigmented animals by acting as a simple light shield.
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Frost, S. K., L. G. Epp, and S. J. Robinson. "The pigmentary system of developing axolotls." Development 92, no. 1 (1986): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.92.1.255.

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The albino mutant in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is analysed with respect to the differentiation of pigment cells. Pigment cells were observed with the transmission electron microscope in order to determine any unusual structural characteristics and to determine what happens to each of the cell types as development proceeds. Chemical analyses of pteridine pigments were also carried out, and the pattern of pteridines in albino animals was found to be more complex than, and quantitatively enhanced (at all developmental stages examined) over, the pattern observed in comparable wild-type axolotls. The golden colour of albino axolotls is due primarily to sepiapterin (a yellow pteridine) and secondarily to riboflavin (and other flavins). Coincident with enhanced levels of yellow pigments, xanthophore pigment organelles (pterinosomes) in albino skin reach a mature state earlier than they do in wild-type axolotl skin. This morphology is conserved throughout development in albino animals whereas it is gradually lost in the wild type. Unpigmented melanophores from albino axolotls are illustrated for the first time, and in larval albino axolotls the morphology of these cells is shown to be very similar to xanthophore morphology. In older albino animals xanthophores are easily distinguished from unpigmented melanophores. Iridophores seem to appear in albino skin at an earlier stage than they have been observed in wild-type skin. Morphologically, wild-type and albino iridophores are identical.
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Lopez, David, Li Lin, Malcolm Maden, and Edward W. Scott. "Defining the Axolotl Hematopoietic Stem Cell." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1295.1295.

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Abstract Abstract 1295 Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most therapeutically usable stem cells to date. HSC derived cells are involved in wound healing responses throughout the body. The goal of our study is to discovery methods to promote improved regenerative responses from mammalian HSC. The champion of vertebrate regeneration is the axolotl. It can regrow entire limbs, major portions of most internal organs – including the brain and spinal cord. Recent advances in the production of transgenic axolotl, complete mapping of the axolotl transcriptome and production of gene expression arrays finally allow molecular mapping of regeneration pathways. In order to define the role of HSC in regeneration it was first necessary to define and characterize the axolotl HSC. In the current study we develop classic assays such as hematopoietic cell transplantations (HCT) and colony forming cell (CFC) assays to map axolotl hematopoiesis. In addition we take advantage of embryo manipulations possible with the axolotl to generate hematopoietic chimeras (GFP+ vs. white) as non-injury models for regeneration. Axolotl have a naturally occurring white variant that are nearly as transparent as zebrafish. We used a normal and CMV:GFP+ transgenic white strains to map sites of hematopoiesis and to develop HSC transplant methodology. We also establish protocols for Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assays for hematopoietic progenitors. Liver, spleen, kidney, marrow, and thymus were tested as potential HSC sources. Both the liver and spleen contained transplantable HSC capable of radioprotection and multilineage reconstitution of lethally irradiated (1000 rads) adult axolotls or non-conditioned embryos. As in zebrafish, use of the white axolotl mutant allows direct visualization of engraftment, homing, and hematopoiesis in real time. Fluorescent donor cells were seen homing to the liver and spleen regardless of tissue origin, albeit with better overall engraftment from spleen cells. Hematopoiesis occurred for more than 6 months in embryo transplantations. FACS analysis of these two organs showed that the liver contains relatively even numbers of myeloid and lymphoid populations whereas the spleen has a bias toward lymphoid and erythroid populations. Additionally, early stage white and GFP embryos were transected and the posterior and anterior halves of the two different animals were joined. GFP+ blood was present in animals that contained the liver or spleen within the GFP portion of the body further indicating that hematopoiesis occurs in these organs. These embryo chimeras also provide stable long-term GFP+ blood chimeras without irradiation injury. CFU assays demonstrated that the liver contains predominantly myeloid progenitors. In contrast, the spleen has mostly erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors but also some myeloid progenitors. Here we have shown that the axolotl HSC resides in the liver and spleen and begun the basic mapping of hematopoiesis. Moreover, we have established the essential hematopoietic assays for the axolotl. The ability to generate both irradiation and non-injury GFP+ blood chimeras provide powerful tools to determine the role of HSC/progeny in axolotl regeneration. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Voss, S. Randal, M. Ryan Woodcock, and Luis Zambrano. "A Tale of Two Axolotls." BioScience 65, no. 12 (2015): 1134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv153.

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Abstract The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an icon of culture, a revered aquarium pet, and a highly valued animal model in biomedical research. Unfortunately, Mexican axolotls are critically endangered in their natural Xochimilco habitat in Mexico City. If axolotls go extinct, current efforts to conserve the Xochimilico ecosystem will be undermined, as will efforts to genetically manage the laboratory populations that are needed to sustain research efforts around the world. A concerted global effort is needed to protect and manage this irreplaceable species in natural and laboratory environments.
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Roy, Stéphane, and Mathieu Lévesque. "Limb Regeneration in Axolotl: Is It Superhealing?" Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.324.

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The ability of axolotls to regenerate their limbs is almost legendary. In fact, urodeles such as the axolotl are the only vertebrates that can regenerate multiple structures like their limbs, jaws, tail, spinal cord, and skin (the list goes on) throughout their lives. It is therefore surprising to realize, although we have known of their regenerative potential for over 200 years, how little we understand the mechanisms behind this achievement of adult tissue morphogenesis. Many observations can be drawn between regeneration and other disciplines such as development and wound healing. In this review, we present new developments in functional analysis that will help to address the role of specific genes during the process of regeneration. We also present an analysis of the resemblance between wound healing and regeneration, and discuss whether axolotls are superhealers. A better understanding of these animals' regenerative capacity could lead to major benefits by providing regenerative medicine with directions on how to develop therapeutic approaches leading to regeneration in humans.
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Scadding, Steven R. "Vitamin A modification of the positional information of blastema cells during limb regeneration in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 9 (1988): 2065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-304.

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Vitamin A is known to cause proximodistal duplication of parts of the limb during limb regeneration in amphibians. The objective of this study was to investigate the nature and location of the cellular changes induced by vitamin A when it causes this duplication in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum. When axolotls were treated with retinol palmitate by immersion for 14 days before limb amputation, proximodistal duplications were still observed in subsequent regenerates of limbs amputated after vitamin A treatment was discontinued. This observation suggests that some characteristic of the cells is changed by vitamin A and that exogenous vitamin A need not be present while the limb is regenerating. When a limb that was induced to undergo proximodistal duplication by vitamin A was reamputated 49 days later through the original mid radius–ulna amputation plane, it regenerated a limb of normal structure. A regeneration blastema transplanted from a vitamin A treated axolotl to an untreated axolotl regenerated on the host limb stump, producing a limb with proximodistal duplication; this indicates that the blastema cells underwent some change by the early to mid cone stage, which was expressed later when the blastema redifferentiated into a new limb. Conversely, when an untreated blastema was transplanted onto a vitamin A treated axolotl from which the forelimb blastema had been removed, proximodistal duplications developed. This result is interpreted to mean that the stump cells, although morphologically of the radius–ulna level, were proximalized by the prior vitamin A treatment and still displayed proximal positional values, leading to intercalation of missing proximodistal structures. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that vitamin A brings about a temporary change in the positional information of the limb stump and blastema cells, and that when the vitamin A treatment is discontinued, there is a gradual return to normal positional values over a period of several weeks.
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Kropf, Nina, Kartik Krishnan, Moses Chao, Mark Schweitzer, Zehava Rosenberg, and Stephen M. Russell. "Sciatic nerve injury model in the axolotl: functional, electrophysiological, and radiographic outcomes." Journal of Neurosurgery 112, no. 4 (2010): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.10.jns08222.

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Object The 2 aims of this study were as follows: 1) to establish outcome measures of nerve regeneration in an axolotl model of peripheral nerve injury; and 2) to define the timing and completeness of reinnervation in the axolotl following different types of sciatic nerve injury. Methods The sciatic nerves in 36 axolotls were exposed bilaterally in 3 groups containing 12 animals each: Group 1, left side sham, right side crush; Group 2, left side sham, right side nerve resected and proximal stump buried; and Group 3 left side cut and sutured, right side cut and sutured with tibial and peroneal divisions reversed. Outcome measures included the following: 1) an axolotl sciatic functional index (ASFI) derived from video swim analysis; 2) motor latencies; and 3) MR imaging evaluation of nerve and muscle edema. Results For crush injuries, the ASFI returned to baseline by 2 weeks, as did MR imaging parameters and motor latencies. For buried nerves, the ASFI returned to 20% below baseline by 8 weeks, with motor evoked potentials present. On MR imaging, nerve edema peaked at 3 days postintervention and gradually normalized over 12 weeks, whereas muscle denervation was present until a gradual decrease was seen between 4 and 12 weeks. For cut nerves, the ASFI returned to 20% below baseline by Week 4, where it plateaued. Motor evoked potentials were observed at 2–4 weeks, but with an increased latency until Week 6, and MR imaging analysis revealed muscle denervation for 4 weeks. Conclusions Multiple outcome measures in which an axolotl model of peripheral nerve injury is used have been established. Based on historical controls, recovery after nerve injury appears to occur earlier and is more complete than in rodents. Further investigation using this model as a successful “blueprint” for nerve regeneration in humans is warranted.
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Wight, Doris T. "Cortázar's Axolotl." Explicator 45, no. 2 (1987): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1987.9938658.

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Johnson, Andrew D., Brian Crother, Mary E. White, et al. "Regulative germ cell specification in axolotl embryos: a primitive trait conserved in the mammalian lineage." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1436 (2003): 1371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1331.

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How germ cells are specified in the embryos of animals has been a mystery for decades. Unlike most developmental processes, which are highly conserved, embryos specify germ cells in very different ways. Curiously, in mouse embryos germ cells are specified by extracellular signals; they are not autonomously specified by maternal germ cell determinants (germ plasm), as are the germ cells in most animal model systems. We have developed the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), a salamander, as an experimental system, because classic experiments have shown that the germ cells in this species are induced by extracellular signals in the absence of germ plasm. Here, we provide evidence that the germ cells in axolotls arise from naive mesoderm in response to simple inducing agents. In addition, by analysing the sequences of axolotl germ–cell–specific genes, we provide evidence that mice and urodele amphibians share a common mechanism of germ cell development that is ancestral to tetrapods. Our results imply that germ plasm, as found in species such as frogs and teleosts, is the result of convergent evolution. We discuss the evolutionary implications of our findings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Axolotl"

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Opolka, Alfred. "Entwicklung des Plexus choroideus und der Paraphyse bei Ambystoma mexicanum SHAW ultrastrukturelle und immunhistochemische Aspekte /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967391237.

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Sluijter, M. E. "Hunting the axolotl." Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12776.

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Bettin, Christiane. "Hypothalamus-, Hypophysen- und Thyreoideafunktion in Korrelation mit der Reproduktion und Bezahnung bei Ambystoma mexicanum." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96917263X.

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Ratajczak, Miriam. "Sexualität in Axolotl Roadkill." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Tyska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29545.

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This paper analyses Helene Hegemann´s novel Axolotl Roadkill from a gender perspective. It is hereby set focus on Judith Butler´s gender theories which are compared to the novel´s depiction of sexuality. A short overview on gender studies in literature is given in advance in order to set a context for the analysis.
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Abou-Ali, Ghalia. "Electrorotation measurements on axolotl embryos." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0017/MQ49793.pdf.

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Page, Robert Bryce. "TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THYROXINE-INDUCED METAMORPHOSIS OF THE MEXICAN AXOLOTL AND AXOLOTL-TIGER SALAMANDER HYBRIDS." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/774.

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For nearly a century, amphibian metamorphosis has served as an important model of how thyroid hormones regulate vertebrate development. Consequently metamorphosis has been studied in a number of ways including: morphologically, developmentally, ecologically, and from an endocrine perspective. Over the last two decades, much has been learned about the molecular basis of anuran (frog) metamorphosis. However, very little is known about the molecular underpinnings of urodele (salamander) metamorphosis. Using the axolotl and axolotl hybrids as models, I present some of the first studies on the gene expression changes that occur during urodele metamorphosis. In Chapter 1, the motivation for the research described in the subsequent chapters is presented and the literature is briefly reviewed. In Chapter 2, the first microarray analysis of urodele metamorphosis is presented. This analysis shows that hundreds of genes are differentially expressed during thyroid hormone-induced metamorphic skin remodeling. Chapter 3 extends the analysis presented in Chapter 2 by showing that the transcriptional patterns associated with metamorphic skin remodeling are robust even when the concentration of thyroid hormone used to induce metamorphosis is varied by an order of magnitude. Chapter 4 makes use of the differentially expressed genes identified in Chapters 2 and 3 to articulate the first model of urodele metamorphosis to integrate changes in morphology, gene expression, and histology. In addition, Chapter 4 outlines a novel application for piecewise linear regression. In turn, Chapter 5 makes use of the model presented in Chapter 4 to demonstrate that full siblings segregating profound variation in metamorphic timing begin to diverge in phenotype early during larval development. In Chapter 6 the conclusions drawn from the research are summarized and future directions are suggested.
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Al, Haj Baddar Nour W. "BIOINFORMATIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSES OF AXOLOTL REGENERATION." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/61.

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Salamanders have an extraordinary ability to regenerate appendages after loss or amputation, irrespective of age. My dissertation research explored the possibility that regenerative ability is associated with the evolution of novel, salamander-specific genes. I utilized transcriptional and genomic databases for the axolotl to discover previously unidentified genes, to the exclusion of other vertebrate taxa. Among the genes identified were multiple mmps (Matrix metalloproteases) and a jnk1/mapk8 (c-jun-N-terminal kinase) paralog. MMPs function in extracellular matrix remodeling (ECM) and tissue histolysis, processes that are essential for successful regeneration. Jjnk1/mapk8 plays a pivotal role in regulating transcription in response to cellular stress stimuli, including ROS (reactive oxygen species). Discovery of these novel genes motivated further bioinformatic studies of mmps and wet-lab experiments to characterize JNK and ROS signaling. The paralogy of the newly discovered mmps and orthology of 15 additional mmps was established by analyses of predicted, protein secondary structures and gene phylogeny. A microarray-analysis identified target genes downstream of JNK signaling that are predicted to function in cell proliferation, cellular stress response, and ROS production. These inferences were validated by additional experiments that showed a requirement for NOX (NADPH oxidase) activity, and thus presumably ROS production for successful tail regeneration. In summary, my dissertation identified novel, salamander-specific genes. The functions of these genes suggest that regenerative ability is associated with a diverse extracellular matrix remodeling and/or tissue histolysis response, and also stress-associated signaling pathways. The bioinformatic findings and functional assays that were developed to quantify ROS, cell proliferation, and mitosis will greatly empower the axolotl embryo model for tail regeneration research.
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Duemmler, Annett. "Characterization of pluripotency genes in axolotl spinal cord regeneration." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-143367.

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Regeneration is a process that renews damaged or lost cells, tissues, or even of entire body structures, and is a phenomenon which is widespread in the animal kingdom. Urodeles such as newts and salamanders have a remarkable regeneration ability. They can regenerate organs such as gills, lower jaws, retina, appendages like fore- and hind limbs, and also the tail including the spinal cord. The regeneration process requires the use of resident stem cells or somatic cells, which have to be reprogrammed. In both cases the reprogrammed cells are less differentiated, meaning the cell would have the ability to form any kind of fetal or adult cell which rose from the three different germ layers, the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Artificial reprogramming of differentiated mammalian somatic cell had been reported previously. It was shown that four pluripotency factors, OCT4 (also called POU5f1), SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4 are sufficient to generate an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell. It has been shown that some of these factors are also involved in regenerating processes. In newt limb and lens tissue, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 mRNA levels were upregulated in the beginning of blastema formation when compared to non-amputated tissue. Oct4 mRNA however, was not detected. During xenopus tail regeneration, Sox2 and c-Myc were expressed, while the xenopus Pou homologs Pou25, Pou60, Pou79, Pou91 were not detected. In regenerating zebrafish fin tissue, Sox2, Pou2, c-Myc and Klf4 mRNA were not upregulated. The mammalian transcription factor OCT4, a class V POU protein, is responsible in maintaining pluripotency in gastrula stage embryos. It was reported that mouse OCT4 is also expressed in the caudal node of embryos having 16 somites. It is further known that progenitors exist in mouse tailbud, which give rise to neural and mesodermal cell lineage. This suggests that the OCT4 expressing cells in caudal node might be a stem cell reservoir. Oct4 was detected in axolotl during embryonic development, and prior to my work we found Oct4 when screening the axolotl blastema cDNA library. In addition, we also identified Pou2, another class V POU gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed a clear distinction of both genes in the axolotl. We determined the mRNA pattern of Pou2 during embryogenesis and compared it to Oct4 mRNA and protein. Both genes are expressed in the primordial germ cells and the pluripotent animal cap region of the embryo. Apart from this similarity, both genes have a different expression pattern in the embryo. We are interested in the involvement of OCT4, POU2, as well as the transcription factor SOX2 in regenerating axolotl spinal cord. We asked whether the cellular pluripotent character conferred by POU factors is limited to mammals or if it is an ancient characteristic of lower vertebrates. To answer the question we performed in vitro and in vivo studies. Hence this thesis is separated into two chapter. By in vitro studies we investigated the pluripotent PouV orthologs from different species. Therefore, we performed reprogramming experiments using mouse or human fibroblasts and transduced them with axolotl Oct4 or Pou2, in combination with human or axolotl Sox2, c-Myc and/or Klf4. The generated iPS cells with the different sets of factors had similar endogenous pluripotency gene expression profiles to embryonic stem cells. Further, iPS cells expressed the pluripotency markers like OCT4, NANOG, SSEA4, TRA1-60 and TRA1-81. Another evaluation of the iPS cells was the formation of embryoid bodies. Immunouorescence staining showed that tissue from all three germ layers was formed after induction. We observed a positive staining for the endoderm marker !-FEROPROTEIN, the mesoderm marker !-SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN and the ectoderm marker \"III TUBULIN in the generated cells. This indicated that the iPS cells generated using axolotl Oct4 and Sox2 in combination with mammalian Klf4 and with or without c-Myc, as well as iPS cell generated with axolotl Pou2 and mammalian Sox2 and Klf4 and with or without c-Myc have a pluripotent potential. In addition, the axolotl factors are able to form heterodimers with the mammalian proteins. Furthermore, we compared the reprogramming ability with POU factors from mouse, human, zebrash, medaka and xenopus. We showed that xenopus Pou91, as the only non-mammalian example, is nearly as efficient as mouse and human Oct4 cDNAs in inducing GFP expressing cells. Also axolotl Pou2, axolotl Oct4 and medaka Pou2 showed reprogramming character however at a much lower efficiency. In contrast, zebrash Pou2 is not able to establish iPS cells. This indicates that a reprogramming ability to a pluripotent cell state is an ancient trait of Pou2 and Oct4 homologs. By in vivo studies we investigated the role of Oct4, Pou2 and Sox2 gene expression in regenerating spinal cord tissue. Performed in situ hybridizations and antibody staining studies in the regenerating spinal cord showed that Oct4, Pou2 and Sox2 were expressed during spinal cord regeneration. Knockdown experiments in regenerating spinal cord using morpholino showed that Pou2-morpholino does not have an effect. In contrast, SOX2 was required for spinal cord regeneration but to a lesser extent, than OCT4, which decreased the regenerated length signicantly compared to control. Even though, with Sox2-morpholino we did not observe the phenotype as a significantly shorter regenerated spinal cord, about 45% of SOX2 knocked down cells were not cycling and proliferating anymore. This indicates that axolotl SOX2 has an effect in regeneration. Therefore we wanted to know whether spinal cord cells would also have a pluripotent character in vivo and form other tissue types. Regenerating cells of the spinal cord are only able to form the same cell type and thus they keep their cell memory. However, when we performed transplantations of OCT4/SOX2 expressing spinal cord cells into somite stage embryos, we could show the formation of muscle cells. This shows that the spinal cord cells have the potential to change their fate in an embryonic context, where the normal environment of spinal cord has changed. However, our data do not indicate whether muscle is formed directly from the spinal cord or whether spinal cord cells fuse to developmental myoblasts, a cell type of embryonic progenitors, which give rise to muscle cells. To clearly state whether regenerating OCT4/SOX2 expressing spinal cord cells are pluripotent we have to perform OCT4 knock down in spinal cord and transplant these less proliferating cells into embryos, observing their cell fate.
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Nowoshilow, Sergej. "Transcriptome analysis of axolotl spinal cord and limb regeneration." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-205953.

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Regeneration is a relatively widespread phenomenon in nature, although different organisms exhibit different abilities to reconstitute missing structures. Due to the diversity in the extent of damage the organisms can repair it has been debated for a long time whether those abilities are evolutionary traits that arose independently in multiple organisms or whether they represent a by-product of more basic processes. To date, due to constant increase in the amount of available genomic information this question can be approached by means of comparative genomics by comparing several taxa that have different regenerative capabilities. Two relatively closely related salamander species, newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, and the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, offer a unique opportunity to compare two organisms with well-known regenerative capabilities. Despite their importance for regeneration research, relatively little sequence information was available until recently, owing mainly to the large sizes of the respective genomes. In this work I aimed to create a comprehensive transcriptome assembly of the axolotl by sequencing and then assembling the sequence data from a number of tissues and developmental stages. I also incorporated available sequence information that mostly comes from cDNA libraries sequenced previously. I assessed the completeness of the transcriptome by comparing it to a set of available axolotl sequences and found that 96% of those have homologs in the assembly. Additionally, I found that 7,568 of 7,695 protein families common to vertebrates are also represented in the transcriptome. In order to turn the assembly from a merely collection of sequences into a valuable and useful resource for the entire research community I first annotated the sequences, predicted the open reading frames and protein domains and additionally put together multiple bits of information available for each sequence including but not limited to time-course and tissue- specific expression data and in situ hybridization results. The assembly was thereafter made available for the entire axolotl research community through a web portal I developed. Not only does the web portal provide access to the transcriptome data, it is also equipped with an engine for automated data retrieval, which could facilitate automated cross-species bioinformatics analyses. The study crossed the boundary between pure bioinformatics and biology as the transcriptome allowed for computational comparison of the axolotl and the newt in order to identify salamander-specific genes possibly implicated in regeneration and subsequent functional analysis thereof in the lab. Since regeneration closely resembles embryonic development in terms of genes involved in both processes, I first identified approximately 200 homologous contigs in axolotl and newt, which had a predicted open reading frame, but did not have homologs in non-regenerating species. The expression profile of one of those candidate genes suggested that it had a role in regeneration. I studied the molecular function of that gene using CRISPR/Cas system to confirm that it was protein-coding and to create knock-out animals to study the effect of gene knock-down and knock-out. Knock-out animals exhibited significant delays in both, limb development and tail regeneration. The exact mechanism causing this delay is currently being investigated.
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Del, Rincón Sonia Victoria. "Is retinoic acid essential for patterning during axolotl limb regeneration?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35881.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Axolotl"

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Darin, Collins, ed. Axolotl. Bearport Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2018.

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Hegemann, Helene. Axolotl roadkill: A novel. Corsair, 2012.

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3

ill, DeGrand David, ed. Cute as an Axolotl. Alfred A. Knopf, 2018.

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Badawy, Gamal Metwally. Development of the gastro-intestinal regulation in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). University of Birmingham, 2002.

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Vila, Cristián. Ideología de la conquista en América Latina: Entre el axolotl y el ornitorrinco. Ediciones Nobel, 2001.

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Wallace-Crabbe, Robin. Thoughts in the life of an axolotl: A survey of the art of Robin Wallace-Crabbe. Tour Print International, 1991.

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7

Ihmied, Younis M. Respiratory and cardiovascular control in the African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, and the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum: A neuroanatomical and physiological study. University of Birmingham, 1989.

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1971-, Gordon Gus, ed. Sing Pepi sing. Puffin, 2006.

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Smith, Hobart Muir. Synopsis of the herpetofauna of Mexico. University Press of Colorado, 1993.

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Axolotl Roadkill. Ullstein, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Axolotl"

1

Maden, Malcolm. "Axolotl/Newt." In METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™. Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-483-8_32.

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Bordzilovskaya, N. P., and T. A. Dettlaff. "The Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum." In Animal Species for Developmental Studies. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3654-3_8.

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Kuo, Tzu-Hsing, and Jessica L. Whited. "Pseudotyped Retroviruses for Infecting Axolotl." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_10.

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Khattak, Shahryar, and Elly M. Tanaka. "Transgenesis in Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_21.

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Denis, Jean-François, Fadi Sader, Patrizia Ferretti, and Stéphane Roy. "Culture and Transfection of Axolotl Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_15.

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Farkas, Johanna E., Piril Erler, Polina D. Freitas, Alexandra E. Sweeney, and James R. Monaghan. "Organ and Appendage Regeneration in the Axolotl." In Regenerative Medicine - from Protocol to Patient. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27583-3_7.

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Coots, Peggy S., and Ashley W. Seifert. "Thyroxine-Induced Metamorphosis in the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_11.

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Baddar, Nour W. Al Haj, M. Ryan Woodcock, Shivam Khatri, D. Kevin Kump, and S. Randal Voss. "Sal-Site: Research Resources for the Mexican Axolotl." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_25.

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Farkas, Johanna E., and James R. Monaghan. "Housing and Maintenance of Ambystoma mexicanum, the Mexican Axolotl." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_3.

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Albors, Aida Rodrigo, and Elly M. Tanaka. "High-Efficiency Electroporation of the Spinal Cord in Larval Axolotl." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Axolotl"

1

Wiebe, Colin, and G. Wayne Brodland. "Tester to Measure the Tensile Properties of Embryonic Epithelia." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41133.

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Described here is a novel tissue tester that can measure the tensile properties of monolayer embryonic epithelia specimens as small as 0.5mm by 0.3mm, something that had not been possible previously. The instrument is used to determine the uniaxial stress-strain characteristics of epithelium from early-stage embryos of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), a type of amphibian.
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Nakagawa, H., and M. Ohuchi. "ELF magnetic control of axolotl metamorphosis inspired by administration of thyroid hormone." In 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2017.8008038.

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Nakagawa, H., and M. Ohuchi. "Metamorphic behaviors of T4-administrated Mexican axolotl under exposure to gradient magnetic field." In 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2017.8008042.

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Demircan, Turan. "Differential Proteomics Analysis of Axolotl’s Regenerating Tail." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.op-08.

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Yildirim, Berna. "A histological map of neotenic and metamorphosed axolotl’s tissues and organs." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.pp-169.

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Nakagawa, H., and M. Ohuchi. "Gradient/ELF Magnetic Field Affects Metamorphic Behaviors in T4- Administrated Axolotls: Regulation of Amphibian Metamorpho-sis Depending on Field Strength and Exposure Timing." In 2018 IEEE International Magnetic Conference (INTERMAG). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2018.8508100.

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Reports on the topic "Axolotl"

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Wald, Roberta. Effects of the nerve during the dedifferentiative phase of limb regeneration in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma Iilexicanum. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2407.

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