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Journal articles on the topic 'Azad Kashmir'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Nazeer, Qaesar, Tahir Sardar, and Syed Fawad Mashhadi. "EVALUATION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR PAKISTAN." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 70, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 1913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v70i6.5756.

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Objective: To examine mitigation measures in Azad, Jammu and Kashmir and compare their effectiveness to rest of Pakistan. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Province of Azad, Jammu and Kashmir, from Mar to Aug 2020. Methodology: This study was conducted by Provincial Disease Surveillance Department of World HealthOrganization at Azad, Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad after getting approval from Health Department.Data were collected from different hospitals of Azad Jammu and Kashmir as per a specially designedproforma. Results: No significant variation from national averages was observed, adapting mitigation measures andlockdown were success in decreasing epidemic curve. Conclusion: The easing of the lockdown policy resulted in widespread outbreak in the province and noncompliance with infection control best practices by members of the community, similar to rest of Pakistan.

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Abid, Rizwan. "CAROTID DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 02 (December 7, 2018): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.2098.

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Objective: To detect carotid atherosclerosis in symptomatic patients with riskfactors noninvasively using carotid Doppler ultrasonography in Divisional Head Quarter HospitalMirpur Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Study design: Prospective Observational study. Place andduration of study: Kashmir institute of cardiology Div. Headquarters Teaching Hospital AzadJammu & Kashmir AJK (Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College Azad Kashmir) conveniencesampling of all the patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of carotid stenosis fromNovember 2011 to November 2012. Approval was taken from ethical committee of DivisionalHeadquarters Teaching Hospital Mirpur AJ&K. Methodology: These patients were sent toconsultant radiologist for carotid ultrasound and detailed characteristics were calculated withtheir frequencies, means and standard deviation using spss version 16. Frequency would beused for qualitative variables while means and standard deviation would be used for quantitativevariables. Descriptive statistics were computed. Conclusions: Carotid Artery Stenosis isprevalent in Azad Kashmir and can be easily diagnosed earlier by Carotid Duplex Ultrasound, todocument the presence of Atherosclerosis and prevent from future complications of stroke.

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3

Iqbal, Syed Manzoor, Faisal Bashir, M. Kaleem, Sidra Aslam, Ejaz Ahmed, and M. Aurang Zeb. "COVID-19 and anosmia: A case control study in Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 06 (June 10, 2021): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.06.6125.

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Objective: The study aims to find the symptoms of COVID-19 in the population of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. It will then correlate the symptoms observed to the COVID-19 patients based on their day of monitoring. Study Design: Case-control study. Setting: Hospitals of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Period: April 2019 to Dec 2020. Material & Methods: It was carried out in order to estimate the patients of COVID-19 with the symptoms of anosmia. Patients visiting the hospitals in the vicinity of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir for their COVID-19 related symptoms were included in the study Sampling of the patients was done in the DHQT-H, Mirpur for the patients visiting the hospital and also from those who were isolated in Mohiuddin Islamic Medical college isolation ward. Demographic data was obtained. Day of PCR testing and their results were recorded for further statistical analysis of the prevailing symptoms in the population. Results: Most of the male population visited the hospitals with most COVID positive results and prevalence of anosmia within age group of 30-45 years. The affected regions were mostly Bhimbar and Mirpur. Conclusion: A high prevalence of COVID-19 symptoms particularly anosmia was observed in the middle-aged population of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

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Dar, Ghayas Ud Din, Muhammad Imran Qadeer, Shafique Ahmed Chudhary, Dania Aijaz, Shahid Imtiaz, and Tahir Naveed. "Frequency of HbsAg and Anti-HCV among Hemodialysis Patients in three Genral Hospitals of Azad Jammu and Kashmir State." International Journal of Frontier Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i1.72.

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Background: The impact of dialysis modality on the rates and types of infectious complications has not been well studied. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the rates of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections in hemodialysis patients in three general hospitals of Azad Kashmir. In dialysis patient, if left unaddressed these may lead to very fatal consequences at the individual and national level. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent significant public health issues globally. These infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Patients with HBV/HCV co-infection have a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease and have an increased risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Because the two hepatotropic viruses share same modes of transmission, co-infection with the two viruses is not uncommon, especially in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection and among people at high-risk for parenteral infection. Objective: The present work was aimed to determine the frequency of hepatitis B and C among dialysis patients in Azad Kashmir dialysis centers. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Settings: Pathology laboratory of Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Participants: A representative sample of 110 patients of dialysis from all Azad Kashmir dialysis centers including both males and females was studied between August and December 2016. BMI was calculated after measuring weight and height followed by measurement of hepatitis B and C in dialysis patients. Results: In this study, out of 110 patients: 52.72% dialysis patients were hepatitis C positive and 13.63% dialysis patients were hepatitis B positive. Conclusion: Our findings revealed ongoing HCV incidence and high HCV/HBV prevalence among HD patients in Azad Kashmir. But incidence and prevalence appear to be declining year by year. About one-fifth of HD patients are chronic carriers of HCV infection, in need of HCV treatment, and potentially can transmit the infection to other HD patients. In context of rapidly growing HD patient population, these findings highlight the need to improve standards of infection control during dialysis in Azad Kashmir.

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5

Kaleeem, M., Sidra Aslam, Ejaz Ahmed, M. Aurang Zeb, Faisal Bashir, and Syed Manzoor Iqbal. "Deviated nasal septum in covid-19 patients: A case control study in DHQ Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 05 (May 10, 2021): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.05.6138.

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Objective: The following study aimed to correlate the prevalence of COVID-19 and the rhino pathological conditions simultaneously in the population visiting the hospital of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Study Design: Case Control Study. Setting: DHQ Teaching Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Period: April to July 2020. Material & Methods: Patients visiting the DHQ teaching hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir for their COVID-19 related symptoms were included in the study. Demographic data was obtained. Prevalence of DNS was recorded for further statistical analysis of the symptoms in the population. Results: The results demonstrated that these rhino pathological conditions exists with the prevailing COVID-19 or may even aggravate the situation. Although DNS is not among the typical symptoms of the COVID-19 but it may add to the results of PCR testing following swab testing. Conclusion: Rhino pathological conditions may alter or obstruct the airway passages hence making the test for COVID-19 by swab difficult and unapproachable.

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6

Younas, Muhammad Tahir, Syed Riaz Ali Gardezi, and Muhammad Tariq Khan. "Distribution studies on wild mushroom species from district Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir." Plant Protection 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.002.01.3152.

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Present study was carried out in the Poonch District Azad Jammu and Kashmir targeting mushroom special flora found in their natural habitat around the year. Mushrooms were collected, preserved and identified during survey. Mushrooms Pilus lamella, stipe values were measured. The major identified species were Agaricus arvensi, Amanita vaginata, A. fulva, Cantharellus cinereus, Coprinus micaceus, C. comatus, C. domesticus, Cycoperdon perlatum, Daedalea quercina, Helvella crispa, Hygrophuorus melizeus, Lepista nuda, Lactarius turpis, Marasmius alliaceus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, and Tricholoma ustaloides.This study reveals mushroom flora and species diversity as important component of the natural environment in District Poonch Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

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7

Sabir, Syed Mubbasher, Imran Hayat ., Imtiaz Hussain ., and Syed Riaz Ali Gardez . "Proximate Analysis of Mushrooms of Azad Kashmir." Plant Pathology Journal 2, no. 2 (April 15, 2003): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2003.97.101.

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8

Gardezi, S. R. A., and S. M. Sabir. "GeneraTylopilus, SuillusandStrobilomycesof Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 40, no. 5 (October 2007): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400600624178.

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9

Ali Ghulam, Wajahat, Waqas Ali, Shujahat Ali, Muhammad Masood Khan, Raja Nasir Ali Khan, and Muhammad Farooq. "Investigating Factors Influencing Brain Drain of Citizens of Azad Kashmir Pakistan." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 53 (March 28, 2019): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.53.782.788.

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The primary purpose of the paper to analyze the impact of Human Capital Migration on the social sector of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. Population of the study was the above matriculation (10th grade) migrants shifted from Pakistan to abroad. A sample of 300 people was request to fill the questionnaire out of which data collected from the 225 participants. To strengthen the study, we utilized both primary as well as secondary sources for data collection. Regression and correlation statistics utilized to identify the association between the predictor and outcome variables. Conclusively, there are numerous root causes of the Educated Human Capital Migration from the Mirpur Division Azad Jammu & Kashmir. This study finds that the Economic Factor, Social Factor, Job Opportunity Factor, Political Factor, Education System Factor, Pure Science Factor, Technological Factor has a significant impact on the phenomenon of Brain Drain. In the long run the migration of Educated Human Capital destructs the institution as well as the region. Study is benificial for the policy makers of Azad Jummu and Kashmir to attract the skilled migrants back to their orgin. The acamdicians can further study thus topic to explore the Brain Drain at demographic level.

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10

Hashmi, Shahrukh, Paul Petraro, Tara Rizzo, Hafsa Nawaz, Rabeea Choudhary, Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Stanislav Kasl, and Haq Nawaz. "Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Among Survivors of the 2005 Pakistani Earthquake." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 4 (December 2011): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.81.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess and compare the prevalence of psychological morbidity among survivors of the 2005 northern Pakistan earthquake from Azad Kashmir and the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP).Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among randomly sampled survivors (N = 361) of the earthquake living in camps at the time of the interview, approximately 6 months after the earthquake.Results: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in the total sample was 51.5% and the prevalence of individuals who received positive scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) was 75%. The prevalence rates for anxiety and depression symptoms were 77.3% and 70.9%, respectively. The prevalence in Azad Kashmir was 57.9% for PTSD and 79.8% for positive HSCL, and NWFP had 41.3% PTSD and 67.4% positive HSCL. Study subjects from Azad Kashmir were approximately 2 times as likely to have PTSD or a positive HSCL when compared to subjects from NWFP (odds ratio 1.95, confidence interval 1.27-3.0; P = .0024) and (odds ratio 1.91, confidence interval 1.18-3.1; P = .0085), respectively.Conclusions: Nearly half of the northern Pakistan earthquake survivors had symptoms of PTSD. Six months after the incident, more than three-fourths exhibited symptoms of an anxiety disorder.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:293–299)

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11

., M. Almas, and R. Q. Saeed . "Fertility Status of Cultivated Land in Azad Kashmir." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 11 (October 15, 2000): 1851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.1851.1852.

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12

Khan, M. Rafique, M. Nasim ., M. Rahim Khan ., and M. A. Rafi . "Diversity of Butterflies from District Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 15, 2004): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.324.327.

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13

Rafique Kh, M., R. Ahmed, M. Rahim Khan, A. Hayat, and M. Khalid. "Diversity of Butterflies from District Bagh, Azad Kashmir." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 24 (December 1, 2003): 2007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.2007.2009.

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14

NAVEED, HASSAN, WAQAR ISLAM, KAMRAN SOHAIL, and YALIN ZHANG. "A new species in the grass feeding leafhopper genus Hecalus Stål from Pakistan (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Hecalini)." Zootaxa 4712, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4712.4.8.

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A new leafhopper species Hecalus rawalakotensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. A key is provided to distinguish all species in this genus from Pakistan.

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15

Akbar, K. F. "POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PLANT DIVERSITY OF HILLY AREAS OF AZAD KASHMIR AND THEIR MITIGATION: A REVIEW." Journal of Mountain Area Research 2 (August 7, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53874/jmar.v2i0.24.

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Azad Kashmir has variety of mountain ecosystems which are rich in floral and faunal diversity. These ecosystems are fragile and are under stress due to various natural and anthropogenic pressures. Mountain ecosystems of Azad Kashmir are more vulnerable to global warming and are expected to show its impacts rapidly. Climate change may cause major changes in distribution ranges of different vegetation types. As a result of climate change, the area of three vegetation groups (alpine, grassland/arid woodlands and deserts) is expected to decrease and the areas of five types (cold conifer/mixed woodland, cold conifer/mixed forests, temperate conifer/mixed forests, warm conifer/mixed forests, and steppe/arid shrub lands) are expected to increase. Climate change is going to affect conservation of plant species and ecosystems by causing direct loss of plant species and intensify the effects of existing threats such as habitat degradation, deforestation and over-harvesting of plants by local communities, pollution and invasive species. These stresses, acting individually and collectively on species, communities and ecosystems, are depleting and will continue to deplete biodiversity. The negative impacts of climate change are multi-dimensional and wide-ranging. Their mitigation requires an integrated and coordinated policy response for conservation of plant resources. These measures include a regular monitoring and observation system, restoration of degraded habitats and forests, identifying new solutions involving cross-sectoral linkages to conserve biological diversity of Azad Kashmir by supporting the intricate and complex responses of species and ecosystems to climate change.

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16

Rakha, Allah, Min-Sheng Peng, Rui Bi, Jiao-Jiao Song, Zeenat Salahudin, Atif Adan, Muhammad Israr, and Yong-Gang Yao. "EMPOP-quality mtDNA control region sequences from Kashmiri of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan." Forensic Science International: Genetics 25 (November 2016): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.08.009.

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17

Dastagir, Ghulam, Imtiaz-ul-Haq ., and Zahid Hussain Malik. "Phytosociology of Mai Dhani Hill Near Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2, no. 1 (December 15, 1998): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.1999.185.191.

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18

Amir, Shahnaz, Dr Mansoor Ghani, Nazia Ahmad Buksh, Tanzeel ., and Asma Gul. "Level of Professionalism among Nurses Working in Azad Kashmir." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2020.v03i06.004.

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19

Kanth, Idrees. "The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir." Politics, Religion & Ideology 14, no. 4 (December 2013): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2013.838477.

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20

KHAN, M. A., N. A. KHAN, S. A. SHEIKH, and S. NASIM. "Geotechnical Properties of Neelum Granites, Neelum Valley, Azad Kashmir." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience I, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.i.3.376.

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21

Rafi, Z., C. Lindholm, H. Bungum, A. Laghari, and N. Ahmed. "Probabilistic seismic hazard of Pakistan, Azad-Jammu and Kashmir." Natural Hazards 61, no. 3 (November 27, 2011): 1317–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9984-4.

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22

Steensma, K. J., and S. T. Hussain. "Caprolagus sivalensis (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) from the Upper Siwalik Subgroup of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1992, no. 7 (September 28, 1992): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1992/1992/429.

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23

Khalid, Husna, Muhammad Rauf ul Hassan, Iqra Aurangzeb Khan, Huma Farooq, and Zafar Iqbal. "Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Osteoporosis and its Risk Factors among Female University Students in Mirpur Azad Kashmir: A Questionnaire Based Cross Sectional Study." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review V, no. I (December 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2020(v-i).01.

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To assess the knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis and its risk factors among female university students in Mirpur Azad Kashmir. A cross-sectional study was carried out in female university students in Mirpur Azad Kashmir using a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis was assessed using OKAT (Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool) and descriptive analysis by using SPSS (version 25). Pearson Chi-Square test (p < 0.05) was used to assess significance.Mean age of the participants was 22.45 + 1.279 years. Mean total score was 11.86 + 3.3. The overall score of knowledge was moderate (68.8%). There was a significantly high difference about risk factors, complications, and preventive measures of osteoporosis between the two groups (p = 0.000). Discipline and family history of disease were significantly associated with overall knowledge score. This study concluded that overall knowledge of osteoporosis among female students was moderate. A well-structured education programs must be added to curriculum to prevent osteoporosis in later stages.

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24

Pandey, Dr Aditiya Prakash. "Policies, Programs and Achievements of Ghulam Nabi Azad - led Coalition in Jammu & Kashmir." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37587.

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Abstract: The coalition government in Jammu and Kashmir during 2002 to 2008 helped build some kind of confidence in the electoral institutions and processes. Breaking the hegemony of the single dominant party also brought an alternative to the PDPCongress coalition power. PDP- Congress formed a coalition government after 2002 Assembly elections as no political party had won majority and it resulted in a fractured mandate. The coalition was significant in the sense that PDP had recently emerged as regional force, and it was its first game in elections as well as coalition politics. The coalition began very well on a good note. The coalition incorporated their election manifestoes with the basic issues which the people were facing. The PDP promised a corruption- free government, unconditional dialogue with militants, providing a healing touch and like. The present paper analyses the performance of PDP- Congress coalition led by Ghulam Nabi Azad. Keywords: Coalition, Jammu and Kashmir, Ghulam Nabi Azad, PDP-Congress.

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Ashraf, Madiha, Syed R. Abbas, Sania Begum, Syed D. A. Gerdezi, and Rizwan T. Khan. "AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Brassica rapa L. GERMPLASM FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 19, no. 4 (August 28, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.4.3.

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Brassica rapa is an important crop of Azad Jammu and Kashmir which is a major source of vegetable and oil. The study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity among Brassica rapa germplasm grown in Azad Jammu and Kashmir based on their morphological characters and yield. The present study was carried out in the field of National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC Islamabad from October 2017 to March 2018. The study showed great diversity among the germplasm for days to germination, primary branches, secondary branches, maturity, plant height, number of silique, seeds per silique, yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The genotypes 026509, 026514 and 026548 showed maximum yield and other better morphological responses, so these genotypes should be used in future to enhance the production of this crop. Brassica rapa is an important crop of Azad Jammu and Kashmir which is a major source of vegetable and oil. The study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity among Brassica rapa germplasm grown in Azad Jammu and Kashmir based on their morphological characters and yield. The present study was carried out in the field of National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC Islamabad from October 2017 to March 2018. The study showed great diversity among the germplasm for days to germination, primary branches, secondary branches, maturity, plant height, number of silique, seeds per silique, yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The genotypes 026509, 026514 and 026548 showed maximum yield and other better morphological responses, so these genotypes should be used in future to enhance the production of this crop.

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Alam, Muhammad, Javed Akhtar Qureshi, Garee Khan, Manzoor Ali, and Shaheen Shah. "The Evaluation of Geotechnical Properties of Precambrian Hazara Slates, Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.273.

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The fold and thrust belt of the eastern Hazara division characterised the sedimentary rocks of Precambrian toPaleocene age. The sequence and formation of Precambrian signify the oldest rock unit as Hazara Slate. Geologicalmap of the study area was prepared at the scale of 1:75,000 for about 140 square kilometre area located inMuzaffarabad (Azad Kashmir) district and Lohargali of Abbottabad (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) district. The lab analysisshows that it is not rational to use Hazara slates as aggregate material due to its mineral accumulation and composition.Los Angele’s Abrasion Value, Impact Value, Crushing Value, Specific Gravity, Water Absorption, Flakiness Index,Elongation Index, Porosity Value, California Bearing Ratio test and Grain Size Analysis were done and co-related withB.S standards and the parameters were deduced. It was observed that the mineral composition of Hazara Slates rangesfor illite, kaolinite, quartz and carbonate. Kaolinite and illite are clay minerals which haveswelling potential to causeconstruction material damage the material. The presence of Carbonate and Quartz gives strength to the material, but itspercentage is low. Reserves calculation of different localities was also done for the quarry development.

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Alam, Muhammad, Javed Akhtar Qureshi, Garee Khan, Manzoor Ali, and Shaheen Shah. "The Evaluation of Geotechnical Properties of Precambrian Hazara Slates, Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.273.

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The fold and thrust belt of the eastern Hazara division characterised the sedimentary rocks of Precambrian toPaleocene age. The sequence and formation of Precambrian signify the oldest rock unit as Hazara Slate. Geologicalmap of the study area was prepared at the scale of 1:75,000 for about 140 square kilometre area located inMuzaffarabad (Azad Kashmir) district and Lohargali of Abbottabad (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) district. The lab analysisshows that it is not rational to use Hazara slates as aggregate material due to its mineral accumulation and composition.Los Angele’s Abrasion Value, Impact Value, Crushing Value, Specific Gravity, Water Absorption, Flakiness Index,Elongation Index, Porosity Value, California Bearing Ratio test and Grain Size Analysis were done and co-related withB.S standards and the parameters were deduced. It was observed that the mineral composition of Hazara Slates rangesfor illite, kaolinite, quartz and carbonate. Kaolinite and illite are clay minerals which haveswelling potential to causeconstruction material damage the material. The presence of Carbonate and Quartz gives strength to the material, but itspercentage is low. Reserves calculation of different localities was also done for the quarry development.

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28

Nadeem-ur-Rehman, Syed, Uzma Hafeez, Mumtaz Ahmad Khan, and Masood Ahmad Bukhari. "ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM: CURRENT STATUS IN AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR- 2018." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 9, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v9i2.316.

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Background: The State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJ&K) is polio free since October 2000.The objectives of our study is to review of existing Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System in Azad Jammu &Kashmir, identify the strong & weak points of the existing system and suggest course of action for efficient performance of the existing system. Methods: This qualitative & quantitative evaluation was conducted at Provincial Disease Surveillance &Response Unit (PDSRU) Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu & Kashmir during March -April 2019. The database of AFP cases during 2018 was reviewed and relevant stakeholder's interviews were conducted consulting guidelines formulated by the Centre for Disease Control & prevention(CDC) in 2001 for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. Results: In 2018, a total of 265 AFP cases were registered. The mean age was 65 months (range 01 - 180 months). 59 % (n=157) were male children. 58% of cases were under 05 year's age. Standardized case definition and data format with simple information flow was found. System was flexible enough to incorporate measles and neonatal tetanus cases since 2009. Data quality was excellent (100% zero and monthly reports). A close coordination was observed amongst all relevant stakeholders. Sensitivity was 200%. No polio case was identified and therefore, PPV was zero. Majority of cases were reported by public sector (93%).Sufficient financial as well as skilled human resources were available and hence system found stable. Timeliness of reporting found 90%. Conclusion: The performance of AFP surveillance system in AJ&K is up to the mark. However, there is constant threat of reintroduction of polio virus from adjacent area of Punjab & Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces. Highly vigilant AFP surveillance system with capacity of rapid response is the solution. Furthermore, it is vital to sustain the AFP Surveillance till the goal of global polio eradication is achieved.

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Latif, Zahid, Junaid Jamshed, and Muhammad Mushtaq Khan. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of cigarette smoking among university students in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Scientific Reports 3, no. 9 (August 29, 2017): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20174089.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Smoking is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking killed more than 6 million people, about 80% in the developing countries such as Pakistan in 2011. Now it has become major public health issue in the world.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 students at University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan from July to December 2015. The data were collected using a pre-tested, self-administered, validated questionnaire requiring information about socio-demographic characteristics, practice and patterns of cigarette smoking, knowledge about its harmful effects and attitude towards smoking control and prevention measures. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of cigarette smoking among students was 49.5%. The mean age for starting cigarette smoking was 19.2±2.73 years. Cigarette smoking constituted 61.3% and shisha constituted 18.4%. The main reason for cigarette smoking was peer pressure (35.0%) followed by family influencing (24.5%). About 79.5% of the smokers had intension to quit smoking. There was no significant difference (p value=0.484) between prevalence of cigarette smoking in different faculties of University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The majority of the students (84.3%) knew that smoking is harmful for their health. However, rates of non-smoking students who knew the adverse effects of smoking were significantly higher than that of students who smoke. A high rate of students showed positive attitude towards smoking prevention and control measures.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> High prevalence of cigarette smoking was reported among students. There is a need to implement an anti-smoking program among students at University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

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Ashraf, Shagufta, Iftikhar Hussain, and Masood Ahmed Malik. "Making the Best of It? Human Resource Management Practices in Universities of Azad Jammu & Kashmir." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 4, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v4i4.6163.

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Pakistan is one of those developing countries, whose literacy rate is very low. It is in a dire need of providing high quality educational facilities to the university students. In today’s competitive world, highly educated and technical human resources are required to manage and operate developmental infrastructure. It is only possible through universities having high educational standards and faculty members with strong organizational commitment. The aim of the current study is to find out that, is there a significant relationship between HRM practices implemented and the ranking of universities and to compare HRM practices namely, job definition, training and development, compensation, team work, employee participation, performance appraisal and Promotion Practices in AJKU and MIU of Azad Kashmir. The data were collected through questionnaire comprising of 38 items namely job definition, training, compensation, team work, employee participation, promotion practices and performance appraisal. Overall sample was 44, Overall sample was comprised of 44 executives (Directors/Heads of Departments) selected randomly from AJKU and MIU of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Collected data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.

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Ahmad, Zaheer, Khawaja Masood Iqbal, Mujahid Ali, Muhammad Nazar, Karim Yar Abbasi, Muhammad Ali, and Muhammad Irfan Ashraf. "Exploring Yield Potential of Raphanussativus L. By Various Organic Matter Sources." Advance in Biological Research 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/abr.2020007.

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An experiment was conducted in order evaluate the influence of various organic matter sources on radish crop at Vegetable Research Farm Singri, Bhimber Azad Kashmir, during October, 2018. The experiment was replicated three times with 4 treatments (control, chicken manure, FYM and leaf compost). The lowest non-significant results for days to germination (6.00) were observed in chicken manure and highest (8.33) in control treatment. The maximum significantly high yield was obtained where organic matter sources (chicken manure, FYM and leaf compost) were applied and significantly low yield was observed in control treatment. The non-significantly high yield (4541g, 4665g and 4599g) was obtained in chicken manure, FYM and leaf compost respectively which was significantly low (3953g) in control treatments related with vegetative growth (number of leaves and leaf length) that was more where organic fertilizer was applied. It was proved that chicken manure was best for vegetative growth of radish as well as its root growth development and FYM and leaf compost results for yield was almost same and highest under the agro-climatic conditions of district Bhimber, Azad Kashmir. Pakistan.

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., M. Rafique Khan, M. Rahim Khan ., Khurshid Ali ., Ikram Bashir ., Israr Ahmed Malik ., and Adil Mir . "Biodiversity of Butterflies from Districts Poonch and Sudhnoti, Azad Kashmir." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 3, no. 5 (August 15, 2004): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.556.560.

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Hina, Khushbakht, Noor Hazlina Ahmad, Muhammad Khalique, and Imran Khan. "Intellectual Capital in SMEs of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan." International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlic.2020.10030875.

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Hina, Khushbakht, Noor Hazlina Ahmad, Muhammad Khalique, and Imran Khan. "Intellectual capital in SMEs of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan." International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital 17, no. 3 (2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlic.2020.109921.

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Shaheen, Maqsood Ahmad. "Earthquake effects on educational institutions and libraries of Azad Kashmir." Library Review 57, no. 6 (June 27, 2008): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530810886724.

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Gardezi, Syed RA. "Notes onScleroderma, Puff balls andGeastrumof Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 38, no. 2 (May 2005): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235400400007582.

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Tanvir, Muhammad, Ghulam Murtaza, Khawaja Shafique Ahmad, and Muhammad Salman. "Floral diversity of District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan." Universal Journal of Plant Science 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujps.2014.020101.

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Sheikh, Ab Hamid. "Trade between Kashmir and Central Asia via Traditional Corridors of Ladakh." International Journal of Culture and History 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v2i2.8060.

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<p>Kashmir valley with great geo-strategic significance, was an economic hub, connecting Indian sub-continent with Central Asia and rest of the world, since ancient times. However, this exchanging center lost it relevance with the Partition of Indian sub-continent in 1947, ‘Greater Jammu & Kashmir’ was divided into Azad Jammu Kashmir administered by Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir Administered by India and the State moved from main to margin as all the routes were closed for trade and traffic including Zojila Pass. Indian Administer Kashmir (J&K) became wholly and solely dependent on Jawahar Tunnel for import and export. The people of J&K still remain behind curtain for number of days due to climatic hazards, communal and political tension, in the age of globalization, modernization and regional integration. The author attempted to put forth historical significance and arguments for reviving traditional corridors via Ladakh on sound basis rather than making revival of ancient trade outlets subservient to peace and drug mafia. </p>

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SOHAIL, KAMRAN, WEIJIAN HUANG, and YALIN ZHANG. "A new species of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang (Hemiptera: Issidae) with morphological and molecular data." Zootaxa 4731, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.2.6.

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Kodaianellissus gibbusis sp. nov. is described from Rawlakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Pakistan), which is first record of the genus Kodaianellissus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang, 2017 from the country. Morphological characters including male genitalia structure are described and illustrated. A checklist and key to all species of Kodaianellissus are provided. A molecular analysis with morphological characters indicates its placement into the Kodaianellissus.

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SHAVRIN, ALEXEY V. "Four new species of the genus Trichodromeus Luze, 1903 from Nepal and Pakistan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini)." Zootaxa 4991, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.8.

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Four new species of the genus Trichodromeus Luze, 1903 are described and illustrated: T. acutipenis Shavrin, sp.n., T. jaegeri Shavrin, sp.n. and T. kaliyuga Shavrin, sp.n. from Nepal, and T. trilobatus Shavrin, sp.n. from Pakistan (Azad Kashmir). A key to species and distribution maps for all Nepalese species are provided. The genus is recorded from Nepal for the first time.

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Mehmood, Rashid, Saeeda Rasheed, and Mudassar Ijaz. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING ORAL HEALTH AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF AZAD KASHMIR, PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 8, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v8i1.58.

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Background: Dental carries is a major health issue experienced by 90% of school children and adults worldwide. Studies have shown that appropriate oral health education can help to cultivate healthy oral practices. Objective: To determine knowledge, attitude and practices of the secondary school students of Azad Kashmir, regarding oral health Methods: This cross sectional study was done from July 2013-February 2014. Data was collected by random sampling method using a pretested questionnaire. Results: Knowledge level of about 95% students (47% male & 48%females) was satisfactory according to recorded response. About 88% students (43% male & 45% females) were well aware about fluoride. A percentage of 41.7% clean their teeth once a day, 32.3 % twice a day, 17.7 % three times a day and 8 % more than three times a day. 63% used brush and tooth paste, 37% used only brush as oral hygiene tool. Tooth paste + brush were most common tools of oral hygiene. Dental visits were low. Consumption of sweet food was frequent. Conclusion: The oral health attitude and practice among the students in Azad Kashmir is still below the satisfactory level.

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Khan, Abdul Razzaq, Muhammad Rafique, Saeed Ur Rahman, Kimberlee J. Kearfott, and Matiullah. "A review of radon measurement studies with nuclear track detectors (NTDs) in Azad Kashmir." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 4 (January 8, 2016): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15626236.

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Inhalation of radon and its progeny are the most important component of public exposure to natural radiations. Many epidemiological studies have established the fact that radon and radon progeny are associated with increased incidence of lung cancer. Beside health concerns, radon is an important consideration in other fields, e.g. hydrological research, detection of geological fault lines, prediction of earthquake, uranium deposits and oil exploration. The importance of the subject compelled many scientists to develop methods for measurement and mitigation of radon. During last decade many studies for measurement of radon and thoron have been conducted in Azad Kashmir. In most studies, the techniques used involve the usage of solid state nuclear track detectors. Building materials, including granite, marbles, gravel aggregates, bricks, sand and soil have been characterized through radon exhalation rate studies. Several research articles have been published, reporting indoor radon measurements in dwellings and at workplaces. Though these studies have provided preliminary information about radon levels in the area, however, data obtained are still unable to convey clear information to readers. This review paper attempts to organize the radon data to provide a clearer understanding and roadmap for radon measurements in Azad Kashmir.

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shahzad, Amir, Munir ul hassan munir, Muhammad Yasin, Muhammad Umar, Syed Rameez, Rafique Samad,, Sibtan Altaf, and Yasir Sarfraz. "BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF EARLY EOCENE MARGALA HILL LIMESTONE IN THE MUZAFFARABAD AREA (KASHMIR BASIN, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR)." Pakistan Journal of Geology 1, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/pjg.02.2017.16.20.

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Bashir, Saiqa. "An evaluation of milk quality in and around Rawalakot Azad Kashmir." African Journal of Food Science 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2013): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajfs2013.1061.

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., Muhammad Umar, Waseem Akram ., Baboo Ali ., Muhammad Tariq ., and Nazar Ali Shah . "Description of Three Genera (Thripidae:Thysanoptera) from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)." Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 5 (April 15, 2003): 524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2003.524.534.

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Malkani, Muhammad Sadiq. "Mineral Resources of Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Kashmir, Pakistan: An Update." Open Journal of Geology 10, no. 06 (2020): 661–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2020.106030.

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Nasir, Saqib, Jiri Kucerik, and Zahid Mahmood. "A study on the washability of the Azad Kashmir (Pakistan) coalfield." Fuel Processing Technology 99 (July 2012): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.02.003.

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Misra, Ashutosh. "Christopher Snedden,The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 36, no. 4 (December 2013): 679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2013.846813.

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Khan, Muhammad Azam, Mir Ajab Khan, Mazhar Hussain, and Ghulam Mujtaba Ghulam. "An Ethnobotanical Inventory of Himalayan Region Poonch Valley Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)." Ethnobotany Research and Applications 8 (May 28, 2010): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/era.8.0.107-123.

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Khalique, Muhammad, Khushbakht Hina, T. Ramayah, and Jamal Abdul Nassir bin Shaari. "Intellectual capital in tourism SMEs in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan." Journal of Intellectual Capital 21, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 333–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-11-2018-0206.

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PurposeThe main aim of this study was to examine the effect of the components of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of SMEs operating in tourism sector at Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachIn this empirical study, survey approach was used and primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. A total of 300 structured questionnaire survey forms were distributed through purposive sampling technique. Two hundred and twenty usable questionnaire survey forms were returned. Six research hypotheses were constructed to achieve the objective of this study. Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) 3 was used to test the proposed research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings showed that two out of six hypotheses were supported. Precisely, customer capital has appeared as one of the most important components of intellectual capital in model. The results showed that the overall intellectual capital has effect on the organizational performance of SMEs. Results shed more light on the effects that the components of intellectual capital have on organizational performance of SMEs, particularly in the context of Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to SMEs in tourism sector in Pakistan and the data were gathered through questionnaire which used mostly subjective measures. Subsequently, findings may not be applicable to other industries. The research contributes to the development of intellectual capital literature focused on the organizational performance in the perspective of SMEs in emerging economies. Future research needs to reach beyond the boundaries and understand the effect of intellectual capital on the performance of organizations.Originality/valueThis study extended the knowledge about the prominence of intellectual capital and its effect on the organizational performance of SMEs. Moreover, this study identified the level of existence and measurement of the six components of intellectual capital in SMEs which enables practitioners to develop adequate strategies to better manage it. To author's best knowledge, this study can be the first empirical study which investigates the impact of intellectual capital on the organizational performance of SMEs operating in tourism sector in Pakistan.

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