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Journal articles on the topic 'Azeotropic distillation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Taipabu, Muhammad Ikhsan, Wei Wu, Karthickeyan Viswanathana, Nikmans Hattu, Ervina Rumpakwakra, and Micky Kololu. "SEPARATION OF ETHANOL-WATER AZEOTROPE MIXTURES USING EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION METHOD." ALE Proceeding 6 (November 1, 2023): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ale.6.2023.198-203.

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Extractive distillation is a specialized distillation process that involves adding an additional component (extractive agent or solvent/entrainer) to the mixture in order to alter the relative volatilities of the components and enable their separation, even when they form azeotropes. This technique is commonly used to separate azeotropic mixtures, such as ethanol-water azeotropes. The ethanol-water azeotrope is a well-known example, where the mixture contains around 95.6 wt% ethanol and 4.4 wt% water. Traditional distillation methods cannot separate these components efficiently due to the azeotropic behavior. However, extractive distillation offers a solution by introducing a third component (entrainer) that forms a ternary azeotrope, which has different properties compared to the binary azeotrope (ethanol-water). This study presents the effect of the operating parameters (e.g., column configuration, pressure, entrainer type) on energy consumption while the purity of ethanol is set to 99.5 wt%. Appropriate entrainers (i.e., glycerol, ethylene glycol) are chosen to extract water from methanol at different compositions. The optimum design of ethanol-water azeotrope separation is obtained by using sensitivity analysis in Aspen Plus simulation. The results indicate the trade-off between solvent and reboiler duty consumption. An advanced comparison study is recommended, including the mixing of both solvents as entrainer.

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2

Tien Thi, Luot. "ENTRAINER SELECTION FOR SEPARATION OF AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES BY DISTILLATION METHODS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 4A (October 19, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/4a/12952.

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Azeotropic or close – boiling mixtures often preclude conventional distillation as a method of separation. Instead, extractive or azeotropic distillations are commonly used to separate azeotropic or close – boiling mixtures. For the design of those separation units, selecting suitable entrainers (solvents) is a key step. The traditional method for solving this problem is to use experimentation which is time – consuming and expensive. Currently available selection criteria are inadequate. They contradict one another and often lead to incorrect conclusions. Indeed, for a minimum boiling azeotrope, the existing entrainer selection rules state that one should use a high boiling component that introduces no additional azeotrope (Benedict & Rubin, 1945), an intermediate boiling component that introduces no additional azeotrope (Hoffman, 1964), a component which introduces no distillation boundary between the azeotropic constituents (Doherty & Caldarola, 1985), and either a low boiling component that introduces no additional azeotrope or a component that introduces new minimum boiling azeotrope (Stichlmaric, Fair & Bravo, 1989).In this work, Aspen Plus simulator was used to propose an entrainer selection procedure based on the criteria: 1) A good entrainer is a component that eliminates the azeotrope easily (i.e. even when it’s concentration is small). 2) A component that yields high relative volatilities αAB between the two azeotrope constituents.

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3

Mahdi, Taha, Arshad Ahmad, Mohamed M. Nasef, and Adnan Ripin. "Simulation and Analysis of Process Behavior of Ultrasonic Distillation System for Separation Azeotropic Mixtures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 677–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.677.

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The performance of an ultrasonic distillation (USD) system is evaluated in Aspen Plus simulation environment. To facilitate the flowsheet development, a mathematical model of a single stage USD developed using Aspen Custom Modeler software is exported to Aspen Plus process simulator. As a case study, the separation of ethanol-ethyl acetate mixture that is known to form azeotrope 55 mole % of ethyl acetate at minimum boiling point of 71.8oC is considered. Simulation results revealed the achievable purity of ethyl acetate of 99 mole % from azeotropic mixture, thus reinforcing the anticipated potentials of sonication phenomena in intensifying distillation process to overcome azeotropes.

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4

Sutijan, Sutijan, Megan Jobson, and Robin Smith. "Synthesis of Ternary Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Sequences: Entrainer Selection." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 12, no. 1 (August 6, 2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49752.

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This paper presents a methodology for automatic selection of entrainers for separating binary azeotropic mixtures using homogeneous azeotropic distillation. A new classification system for ternary mixtures based on the termini of distillation boundaries and the type (stability) of products and azeotropes is proposed. The new characterisation system is able to link candidate entrainers to flowsheet structures which can facilitate the separation. Existing entrainer selection criteria are extended to accommodate other promising entrainers, including light, intermediate and heavy-boiling entrainers.

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5

Mahdi, Taha, Arshad Ahmad, Adnan Ripin, Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef, and Olagoke Oladokun. "Aspen Plus Simulation of Ultrasound Assisted Distillation for Separating Azeotropic Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.710.

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Earlier works have proved the potentials of altering the vapor liquid equilibrium of azeotropic mixture by sonication phenomena. In this work a mathematical model of a single stage vapor-liquid equilibrium system developed in Aspen Custom Modeler is exported to Aspen Plus to represent one stage of ultrasonic flash distillation (USF). The USF modules are connected serially to mimic a distillation process. As a case study, the separation of ethanol-ethyl acetate mixture is considered. The final targeted composition of 99 mole % of ethyl acetate was achieved when 27 USF modules were used despite the fact that the mixture form azeotrope at 55 mole % ethyl acetate. The results reinforced the anticipated potentials of sonication phenomena in intensifying distillation process to overcome azeotropes, and provide useful insights for the development of a pilot-scaled facility that is currently under development.

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6

Fan, Zhi Dong, Xu Bin Zhang, Lu Yang Zhao, Wang Feng Cai, and Fu Min Wang. "Study on the Separation of Azeotrope of Tetrahydrofuran-Water Using a Combined Method of Extractive and General Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 803 (September 2013): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.803.149.

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As an important solvent, tetrahydrofuran has broad applications. Due to its process of production, water will be mixed into the product and should be removed. However, tetrahydrofuran will form a minimum boiling azeotrope with water, which has a boiling point of 63.4°C, so general distillation can not separate them. Common methods to solve this include extractive distillation, pressure swing distillation, azeotropic distillation, pervaporation and so on. In this experiment, we coupled extractive distillation and general distillation, selecting ethylene glycol as the extractant, and successfully dehydrated the azeotrope. The mass fraction of water is reduced from 18% to less than 500ppm,which matches the requirement.

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7

Raper, D. "Azeotropic distillation apparatus." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 1 (April 19, 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010110.

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8

Tóth, András József, Ágnes Szanyi, Enikő Haaz, and Péter Mizsey. "Separation of Process Wastewater with Extractive Heterogeneous-Azeotropic Distillation." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 44, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2016-0003.

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Abstract The application of vapour-liquid equilibria-based separation alternatives can be extraordinarily complicated for the treatment of process wastewaters containing heterogeneous-azeotropic. Despite dissimilar successfully tested methods for separation, there is possibility to get better distillation method by enabling the separation of more and more specific process wastewater. Extractive heterogeneous-azeotropic distillation (EHAD) is a new advance in treatment of fine chemical wastewater showing special features to cope with the treatment of highly non-ideal mixtures. This method combines the worth of heterogeneous-azeotropic and extractive distillations in one apparatus without addition of any extra materials. The study of the separations of ternary component process wastewater from the fine chemical industry shows both in the modelled and experimental results that EHAD can be successfully applied. The measured and modelled compositions at extreme purities, that is, close to 0% or 100%, can be different because of the inaccuracies of the modelling. This highlights the paramount importance of the experiments if special extra-fine chemicals with almost no impurities, e.g. of pharmacopoeial quality are to be produced by special distillation technique. This study expands the application of EHAD technique, this new field is the separation of process wastewaters.

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9

Li, Jun, Jun Wang, Zhan Hua Ma, and Lan Yi Sun. "Environmental Performance Assessment for Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Partitioned Distillation Column." Advanced Materials Research 485 (February 2012): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.229.

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A heterogeneous azeotropic distillation partitioned distillation column (HADPDC) for alcohol dehydration was investigated compared to a conventional heterogeneous azeotropic distillation sequence (CHADS) from environmental performance perspective by using the software Aspen Plus. HADPDC can eliminate the condenser of the second column and decrease the degree of back-mixing. The optimal design of HADPDC guaranteed the minimum energy consumption, which is related to the minimum CO2 emissions.

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10

Widagdo, Soemantri, and Warren D. Seider. "Journal review. Azeotropic distillation." AIChE Journal 42, no. 1 (January 1996): 96–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420110.

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11

Sun, Lan Yi, Ru Jun Wang, Cheng Zhai, and Qing Song Li. "Study on Heat Integrated Azeotropic Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.80.

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In this paper, the design and optimization procedures of a heterogeneous heat integrated azeotropic distillation sequence with side stripper (HIADS-SS) for the purification of isopropanol are investigated. The proposed procedures can detect the optimal values of the design variables and thereby guarantee the minimum energy consumption. The procedures are applied to the study of the separation of azeotropic mixtures using the two distillation sequences. In the HIADS-SS, the top end of the side stripper has both liquid and vapor exchange with the main column, which eliminates a condenser compared with the conventional heterogeneous azeotropic distillation sequence (CHADS). The results show that reductions in energy consumption can be obtained using the HIADS-SS.

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12

Hu, Xianbing, Lingjie Sun, Chengyang Yuan, Man Li, Hongsheng Dong, Lunxiang Zhang, Lei Yang, Jiafei Zhao, and Yongchen Song. "Principle and Feasibility Study of Proposed Hydrate-Based Cyclopentane Purification Technology." Energies 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2023): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16124681.

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The separation of azeotropic mixtures has conventionally been one of the most challenging tasks in industrial processes due to the fact that components in the mixture will undergo gas–liquid phase transition at the same time. We proposed a method for separating azeotropes using hydrate formation as a solid–liquid phase transition. The feasibility of hydrate-based separation is determined by analyzing the crystal structure and chemical bonds of hydrate. Taking the azeotrope cyclopentane and neohexane in petroleum as an example, cyclopentane (95%) was purified to 98.56% yield using the proposed hydrate-based cyclopentane purification technology. However, this is difficult to achieve using conventional distillation methods. The proposed method is simple in operation and yields a good separation effect. This study provides a new method for separating cyclopentane and neohexane.

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13

Feng, Quan Li, Xue Qian Wang, Yu Jia, and Ping Ning. "Study on Microwave Desorption Azeotropic Distillation of Ethanol-Loaded Activated Carbon under Vacuum Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1240.

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The microwave desorption azeotropic distillation was used to recover ethanol in waste water from ethanol industry under vacuum condition. The flow charts for microwave desorption azeotropic distillation of ethanol-loaded activated carbon under vacuum condition were designed. Activated carbon is used in adsorption of low concentration ethanol in water, and the saturated carbon is regenerated by microwave irradiation under vacuum condition. The results showed that the ethanol-loaded activated carbon can be desorbed nearly completely after 100s; the microwave power has an important effect on the outlet concentration curve of ethanol; the mass defect of the regenerated carbon is lower than 5%. After several processes of activated carbon adsorption and microwave desorption azeotropic distillation under vacuum condition, the concentration of ethanol can come up to 98%.

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14

Liu, Zi Li, Qian Wen Dai, Sheng Zhou Chen, and Zhe Guo. "Agglomeration Eliminating Antimony Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) Nanoparticles by Different Drying Methods." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.543.

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Antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were synthesized via complex-homogeneous coprecipitation. Then different drying methods (such as azeotropic distillation, infrared drying and microwave drying, etc.) were used to eliminate the agglomeration. The nanoparticles were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements (BET). The result shows that ATO nanopaticles with tetragonal rutile phase structure are all well crystallized after the drying processes above, and the average grain size is between 29.30 nm and 71.52 nm. The grain size estimated by BET method is similar to the result of Scherrer equation, and the nanoparticles prepared by azeotropic distillation have better crystallinity comparing to other methods. With the extension of the distillation time, the grain size increases, and the colour changes from grey blue to light grey. Moreover, the combination of azeotropic distillation and infrared drying can prepare smaller and better crystalline ATO nanoparticles.

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15

Hartanto, Dhoni, Prima Astuti Handayani, Akhmad Sutrisno, Viona Widya Anugrahani, Asalil Mustain, and Ianatul Khoiroh. "Isopropyl Alcohol Purification through Extractive Distillation using Glycerol as an Entrainer: Technical Performances Simulation and Design." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i2.23477.

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Isopropyl alcohol is widely used as industrial chemical intermediates and common solvents in households, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and medical purposes. The high purity of isopropyl alcohol requires special separation from its impurity i.e. water due to isopropyl alcohol and water form an azeotropic point, which is difficult to separate using a conventional distillation method. The azeotropic point of this mixture is at isopropyl alcohol mole fraction of 0.68 and temperature of 353.4 K. One of the optimum methods to separate an azeotrope point is through the extractive distillation which use a third component as a solvent. Glycerol is one of the solvents which can be used as a potential entrainer in the extractive distillation. Glycerol is produced in the biodiesel production as a by-product. Moreover, glycerol is an eco-friendly chemical. In this work, the simulation of the extractive distillation of isopropyl alcohol/water system with glycerol as an entrainer was simulated using Aspen Plus. The Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model was used as thermodynamic model in the simulation. The effect of stage number, binary feed stage, entrainer feed stage, and reflux ratio to the purity of isopropyl alcohol, and reboiler-condenser duties were examined to achieve the optimum design for the extractive distillation column with less energy requirements. The simulation results showed that the optimum configurations in the extractive distillation column design are at 25 theoretical stages, binary feed stage (BFS) of 20, entrainer feed stage (EFS) of 2, and reflux ratio (RR) of 0.5 to produce isopropyl alcohol with the purity of 99.27%. The design and sizing of the extractive distillation column were also proposed in this work.

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16

Georgoulaki, A., and W. J. Korchinsky. "Simulation of Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 75, no. 1 (January 1997): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387697523273.

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17

Mattson, Guy, and George R. Hertel. "Drying ethanol by azeotropic distillation." Journal of Chemical Education 67, no. 1 (January 1990): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed067p46.

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18

Ahmad, Berit S., and Paul I. Barton. "Homogeneous multicomponent azeotropic batch distillation." AIChE Journal 42, no. 12 (December 1996): 3419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690421212.

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19

Laroche, L., H. W. Andersen, M. Morari, and N. Bekiaris. "Homogeneous azeotropic distillation: Comparing entrainers." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 69, no. 6 (December 1991): 1302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450690611.

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20

De Guido, Giorgia, Chiara Monticelli, Elvira Spatolisano, and Laura Annamaria Pellegrini. "Separation of the Mixture 2-Propanol + Water by Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation with Isooctane as an Entrainer." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175471.

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Advanced processes, which are alternatives to ordinary distillation, are essential to dehydrate azeotropic alcoholic mixtures for biofuel production. In that regard, this work focuses on the analysis of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation for the separation of a 2-propanol + water mixture in order to recover the alcohol with a sufficiently low water content. By comparing the performances of various entrainers on the basis of ternary maps, isooctane was selected for further process analysis. An advantage it poses is related to the fact that traces of it within the recovered dehydrated alcohol are highly welcome with a view to its subsequent use as a fuel. Aspen Plus® V11 software was employed for the simulation of the process, thus filling the gap existing in the literature due to the lack of studies on the process analysis of the heterogeneous azeotropic distillation of the 2-propanol + water system using isooctane as an entrainer.

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21

Patil, Ganesh N., and Nirmala Gnanasundaram. "Energy-Saving Investigation of Entrainer Enhanced Vacuum Reactive Distillation for Ethyl Acetate Production." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 9841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.9841ecst.

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An entrainer-assisted vacuum reactive distillation simulation is presented to synthesise high-purity ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol. This process has the advantages of both heterogeneous azeotropic distillation and reactive distillation. Cyclohexane is used as an entrainer to break the water-ethanol azeotrope and extract water from the reactive part more efficiently. The feasibility of cyclohexane is evaluated using the residue curve map technique. The influence of various process parameters, such as reflux ratio, distillate to feed ratio, feed location of reactants and number of reactive stages on reboiler duty requirement, total annual cost, and purity of the product, were investigated. Comparison of EIARD and EIVRD configurations showed that EIVRD configuration showed 24.19% savings in reboiler duty per kg of product, 20% saving in total operating cost, and 6.59% saving in TAC.

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22

Sutijan, Sutijan, Megan Jobson, and Robin Smith. "Synthesis of Ternary Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Sequences: 2. Flowsheet Identification." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 13, no. 1 (September 25, 2013): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49724.

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This paper presents a systematic methodology for flowsheet generation for separating binary azeotropic mixtures using homogeneous azeotropic distillation. A new classification system for ternary mixtures using ‘standard distillation line maps’ defined in Sutijan et al. (2012) is employed. The new characterisation system is able to link candidate entrainers to flowsheet structures which can facilitate the separation. The sequences considered include pressure-swing distillation, two and three-column flowsheets with or without boundary crossing and the use of single and double-feed columns. For a given ternary mixture, suitable flowsheet structures that can facilitate the separation can be automatically identified. The method is illustrated using examples.

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23

Klauzner, P. S., D. G. Rudakov, E. A. Anokhina, and A. V. Timoshenko. "Application of diabatic extractive distillation schemes with preliminary separation of azeotropic components for separation of acetone-toluene-<i>n</i>-butanol mixture." Fine Chemical Technologies 18, no. 2 (May 26, 2023): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2023-18-2-83-97.

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Objectives. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the use of various options for organizing the process of diabatic distillation in the separation of a mixture of acetone-toluene-n-butanol by extractive distillation using dimethylformamide as an entrainer in a scheme with preliminary separation of azeotropic components.Methods. As the main research method, mathematical modeling in the Aspen Plus V. 12 software package was used. As a model for describing vapor-liquid equilibrium, the local composition Non-Random Two Liquid equation model was used. Parametric optimization of diabatic schemes was carried out according to the criterion of reduced energy costs.Results. Based on the scheme for extractive distillation of an acetone-toluene-n-butanol mixture with preliminary separation of azeotropic components, five options for organizing diabatic distillation schemes were considered, both with and without use of a compressor to reach a required flows temperature.Conclusion. It is shown that the use of diabatic schemes in the extractive distillation of a acetone-toluene-n-butanol mixture with dimethylformamide makes it possible to diminish the reduced energy costs by 8.9-43.5%. Meanwhile the maximum reduction in energy consumption is achieved in a scheme where upper vapor flows of two other columns are used to heat the azeotropic components separating column.

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24

Yu, San San, Zhou Zhao, Shuang Ming Li, and Wen Xiu Li. "Separation of Azeotropic Systems by Distillation-Crystallization Coupling Process." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2975.

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Distillation-crystallization coupling process is a new kind of separation technology based on vapor-liquid equilibrium and solid-liquid equilibrium. The separation of azeotropic systems composed with Acetic acid and N-neptane by distillation-crystallization process (DCC) was studied in this paper. We apply the orthogonal experiment to search for the optimal technique process. The final results demonstrate that the DCC process can purify the heavy and light components over 90 wt% respectively, verifying the advantage of the DCC for the azeotropic systems separation.

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25

Wróblewska, Agnieszka, Joanna Wajzberg-Prokowska, Ewelina Ławro, and Eugeniusz Milchert. "Isolation of 1,2-epoxybutane-3-ol and 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol from post-reaction mixtures." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0014-1.

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Isolation of 1,2-epoxybutane-3-ol and 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol from post-reaction mixtures Attempts were made to isolate 1,2-epoxybutane-3-ol and 2,3-epoxybutane-1-ol from post-reaction mixtures left after the epoxidation of 1-butene-3-ol and 2-butene-1-ol with hydrogen peroxide by thin film distillation. From the raw mixture containing about 8.3 wt% of the epoxide at the first stage the concentration of epoxide is increased to 32 wt%. At the second stage of distillation the epoxide fraction is concentrated to about 76 wt%. After the third stage of thin film distillation the epoxide fraction of 99.6% purity can be obtained. The concentration of this fraction by azeotropic distillation with n-propanol as an azeotropic agent permits obtaining epoxide of 99.6 wt% purity.

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26

Varlam, Carmen, Diana Bogdan, Irina vagner, and Diana Costinel. "INFLUENCE OF WATER EXTRACTION METHODS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES ON MEASURED TRITIUM LEVEL." SMART ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT 24, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46390/j.smensuen.24221.441.

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In order to validate the laboratory routine procedure of tritium activity concentration determination in tissue free water of environmental samples, parallel measurements were performed in water extracted from wild vegetation by two methods: azeotropic distillation and lyophilization (recommended by a French standard method). The sample humidity was established using the drying procedure to constant mass of the sample, and isotopic effect that may occur during lyophilization procedure was investigated by deuterium ratio determination in sample and extracted water. Traces of toluene in extracted water by azeotropic distillation made deuterium ration determination useless.

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27

Chen, Yi Feng, and Ji He Yang. "Simulation and Optimization on the Process of Acetic Acid Dehydration via Extraction Combined with Azeotropic Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.349.

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Some azeotropic entrainers in the process of acetic acid dehydration could extract acetic acid from its dilute solution; this text would observe the ability of extraction about these entrainers mentioned in the literatures. By using the EXTRACT module in Aspen Plus, it is found that isopropyl acetate was the most effective extracting agent. The process of acetic acid dehydration via extraction combined with azeotropic distillation by using isopropyl acetate was established. Acetic acid was first extracted from its dilute solution and then was distilled in the azeotropic column, finally acetic acid having 99.8%(weight percent) purity was obtained. This process avoided evaporating a lot of water from the solution, and the entrainer’s existence effectively enhanced the relative volatility between acetic acid and water. The simulation result indicated that when dealing with the acetic acid solution used in this research, the total heat exhaustion was reduced from 11.73MW to 2.98MW and the number of theoretical plates needed in the distillation was also reduced from 65 to 34 compared with simple distillation.

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28

Oprea, Florin, and Ionut Stoica. "Production of Anhydrous Ethanol Using Azeotropic Distillation with Petroleum Cuts or Gasoline Pool." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 2 (March 9, 2008): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.2.1740.

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It is now a fact that biofuels have a certain future, whether it is about �biodiesel� or �bioethanol�. EU intends to impose continuous increase of biofuels proportion in commercial products. Ethanol can be used �per se� in commercial gasoline (in different proportions) or can be used instead of methanol in etherification reaction. In both cases it is necessary to use anhydrous ethanol. There are several drying processes: azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, pressure swing distillation, and adsorption. Present work proposes azeotropic distillation using like entrainer petroleum cuts or commercial gasoline pool. Finally, anhydrous ethanol contains hydrocarbons in several proportions and can be used like commercial gasoline component. The main advantage of this process is that the separation alcohol-hydrocarbons is not so tight, resulting important reducing of the energy consumption in process. There is used a rigorous thermodynamic model as the results are very trusted.

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29

Guo, Ying, and Lei Wang. "Research Progress on Azeotropic Distillation Technology." Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 09, no. 04 (2019): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2019.94024.

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30

Serafimov, L. A., A. K. Frolkova, and D. I. Bushina. "Extractive distillation of binary azeotropic mixtures." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 42, no. 5 (October 2008): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579508050059.

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31

GOODING, CHARLES H., and FADI J. BAHOUTH. "MEMBRANE-AIDED DISTILLATION OF AZEOTROPIC SOLUTIONS." Chemical Engineering Communications 35, no. 1-6 (May 1985): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986448508911232.

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32

Ciric, Amy R., Hassan S. Mumtaz, Grafton Corbett, Matthew Reagan, Warren D. Seider, Leonard A. Fabiano, David M. Kolesar, and Soemantri Widagdo. "Azeotropic distillation with an internal decanter." Computers & Chemical Engineering 24, no. 11 (November 2000): 2435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(00)00603-7.

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33

Lee, Moonyong, Cornelius Dorn, George A. Meski, and Manfred Morari. "Interesting Dynamics in Azeotropic Distillation Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 11 (June 1998): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)44916-0.

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34

Lee, Moonyong, Cornelius Dorn, George A. Meski, and Manfred Morari. "Limit Cycles in Homogeneous Azeotropic Distillation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 38, no. 5 (May 1999): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie980093h.

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35

Andersen, Henrik W., Lionel Laroche, and Manfred Morari. "Dynamics of homogeneous azeotropic distillation columns." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 30, no. 8 (August 1991): 1846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00056a026.

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36

Widagdo, Soemantri, Warren D. Seider, and Donald H. Sebastian. "Bifurcation analysis in heterogeneous azeotropic distillation." AIChE Journal 35, no. 9 (September 1989): 1457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350906.

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37

Rovaglio, Maurizio, and Michael F. Doherty. "Dynamics of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation columns." AIChE Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1990): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360107.

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38

Widagdo, Soemantri, Warren D. Seider, and Donald H. Sebastian. "Dynamic analysis of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation." AIChE Journal 38, no. 8 (August 1992): 1229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380810.

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39

Ahmad, Berit S., Yong Zhang, and Paul I. Barton. "Product sequences in azeotropic batch distillation." AIChE Journal 44, no. 5 (May 1998): 1051–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690440506.

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40

Mussati, M. C., P. A. Aguirre, J. Espinosa, and O. A. Iribarren. "Optimal design of azeotropic batch distillation." AIChE Journal 52, no. 3 (2006): 968–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10696.

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41

Kruber, Kai Fabian, and Mirko Skiborowski. "Topology-Based Initialization for the Optimization-Based Design of Heteroazeotropic Distillation Processes." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081482.

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Distillation-based separation processes, such as extractive or heteroazeotropic distillation, present important processes for separating azeotropic mixtures in the chemical and biochemical industry. However, heteroazeotropic distillation has received much less attention than extractive distillation, which can be attributed to multiple reasons. The phase equilibrium calculations require a correct evaluation of phase stability, while the topology of the heterogeneous mixtures is generally more complex, comprising multiple azeotropes and distillation regions, resulting in an increased modeling complexity. Due to the integration of distillation columns and a decanter, even the simulation of these processes is considered more challenging, while an optimal process design should include the selection of a suitable solvent, considering the performance of the integrated hybrid process. Yet, the intricate mixture topologies largely impede the use of simplified criteria for solvent selection. To overcome these limitations and allow for a process-based screening of potential solvents, the current work presents a topology-based initialization and optimization approach for designing heteroazeotropic distillation processes. The systematic initialization enables an efficient evaluation of different solvents with different mixture topologies, which is further exploited for optimization-based sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization. Three case studies are analyzed with about 170 individually optimized process designs, including stage numbers, feed locations, phase ratios, and heat duties.

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42

Mahdi, Taha, Arshad Ahmad, Adnan Ripin, and Mohamed M. Nasef. "Ultrasonic Enhancement of Separation Azeotropic Mixtures via Single Distillation Column." Advanced Materials Research 909 (March 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.909.83.

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The separation of azeotropic mixtures is conventionally one of the most challenging tasks in industrial processes as their separation by a simple distillation is basically impossible. Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) equations with ultrasonic technique was based on a number of assumptions need to be built model on MATLAB software and compared the results with experimental work to validity the model. As a case study, the influence of ultrasonic intensity and frequency on the VLE of ethanolethyl acetate mixture was investigated, and a combination of five ultrasonic intensities (from 100 and 500 W/cm2) and three frequencies (from 25 to 70 kHz) were used. It is noted that with increase the ultrasound intensity and decrease the frequency can be improved the azeotropic point and relative volatility of the mixture. The results revealed that ultrasonic waves had the potential to enhance separation of azeotropic mixtures in a distillation column.

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43

Tabanelli, Tommaso, Simone Cailotto, Jyah Strachan, Anthony F. Masters, Thomas Maschmeyer, Alvise Perosa, and Fabrizio Cavani. "Process systems for the carbonate interchange reactions of DMC and alcohols: efficient synthesis of catechol carbonate." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 7 (2018): 1971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00119g.

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Ma, Heng. "Research progress and optimization prospect of constant boiling distillation technology." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129003025.

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Coboiling distillation is a special distillation method of separating the azeotropic system mixture, which is widely used in petroleum refining and chemical production. This paper reviewed the selection and characteristics of azeoliling agents, and introduced the research progress of home and abroad in detail. The system compares the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional constant boiling distillation and the new heat pump, compare the advantages, and presents the prospect of constant boiling distillation.

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Jia, Ruilong, Qizhuozhuo Hua, Xiaonan Ma, and Guangfu Liao. "A salting-out strategy for the efficient separation of an azeotropic mixture of allyl alcohol and water." Journal of Chemical Research 47, no. 3 (May 2023): 174751982311756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17475198231175620.

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Allyl alcohol and water can form the lowest boiling point azeotrope, but it is very hard to acquire high-purity allyl alcohol by normal distillation methods. Herein, a separation and purification protocol is developed for perfectly separating an azeotropic mixture of allyl alcohol and water using the salting-out method, in which three potassium phosphate salts, K5P3O10, K3PO4, and K4P2O7, are systematically investigated as salting-out agents, and finally a product consisting of > 99% allyl alcohol is obtained. A thermodynamic study demonstrates that this process involves endothermy and increment entropy. There is a good correlation between the solubility of allyl alcohol and the molar concentration of salt (mol per 1 kg water), and the solubility of the allyl alcohol in the organic phase or the water phase can be forecast using the mass percentage of salts. This work provides a new methodology for the efficient separation of an azeotropic mixture of allyl alcohol and water.

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Zhao, Lei, Xinyu Lyu, Wencheng Wang, Jun Shan, and Tao Qiu. "Comparison of heterogeneous azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation methods for ternary azeotrope ethanol/toluene/water separation." Computers & Chemical Engineering 100 (May 2017): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.02.007.

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47

Wyczesany, Andrzej. "Simulation of N-Propanol Dehydration Process Via Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Using the NRTL Equation." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0013.

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Abstract Numerical values of the NRTL equation parameters for calculation of the vapour - liquid - liquid equilibria (VLLE) at atmospheric pressures have been presented for 5 ternary mixtures. These values were fitted to the experimental VLLE and vapour - liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to describe simultaneously, as accurately as possible, the VLE and the liquid - liquid equilibria (LLE). The coefficients of this model called further NRTL-VLL were used for simulations of n-propanol dehydration via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. The calculations performed by a ChemCAD simulator were done for 4 mixtures using hydrocarbons, ether and ester as an entrainer. In majority simulations the top streams of the azeotropic column had composition and temperature similar to the corresponding experimental values of ternary azeotropes. The agreement between the concentrations of both liquid phases formed in a decanter and the experimental values of the LLE was good for all four simulations. The energy requirements were the most advantageous for the simulation with di-npropyl ether (DNPE) and isooctane. Simulations were performed also for one mixture using the NRTL equation coefficients taken from the ChemCAD database. In that case the compositions of the liquid organic phases leaving the decanter differed significantly from the experimental LLE data.

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Schastnyy, Y. O., N. A. Romanova, and R. R. Gizatullin. "Evaluation of the possibility of separating commercial phenol from the phenolic fraction of coal tar." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126602011.

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This article is about the possibility of concentrating commercial coal phenol with a concentration of 99% by the weight method of rectification from the phenolic fraction of coal tar. The sufficiency of phenol is ensured by the kumol method, however, the consumption of phenol increases. Modeling of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of double and triple mixtures of components using the NRTL model showed the presence of the following positive homogeneous azeotropic mixtures: phenol-indane, phenol-indene. Modeling of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of double and triple mixtures of components using the NRTL model showed the presence of the following positive homogeneous azeotropic mixtures: phenol-indane, phenol-indene. The compositions and temperatures of these azeotropes are determined. The authors propose the isolation of phenol from the fraction and its purification from indane and indene by a clear rectification method. The technological scheme consisting of four devices is based on the analysis of the component composition of the initial mixture and the existing azeotropes. Modeling of the technological scheme showed that this scheme provides the release of phenol by 99% of the mass, which meets the requirements for coal phenol. After optimizing the technological parameters of the distillation columns, the estimated extraction costs will amount to 5.64 Gcal per ton of commercial phenol.

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Sanchez-Segado, Sergio, María José Salar-García, Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Martínez, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos, Francisco José Hernández-Fernández, and Luis Javier Lozano-Blanco. "Evaluation of Ionic Liquids as In Situ Extraction Agents during the Alcoholic Fermentation of Carob Pod Extracts." Fermentation 5, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5040090.

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Anhydrous ethanol is a promising alternative to gasoline in fuel engines. However, since ethanol forms an azeotrope with water, high-energy-consumption separation techniques such as azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation, and molecular sieves are needed to produce anhydrous ethanol. This work discusses the potential development of an integrated process for bioethanol production using ionic liquids and Ceratonia siliqua as a carbohydrate source for further fermentation of the aqueous extracts. A four-stage counter-current system was designed to improve the sugar extraction yield to values close to 99%. The alcoholic fermentation of the extracts showed ethanol concentrations of 95 g/L using the microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisae. The production of anhydrous ethanol through extractive distillation with ethylene glycol was simulated using CHEMCAD software, with an energy consumption of 13.23 MJ/Kg of anhydrous ethanol. Finally, several ionic liquids were analyzed and are proposed as potential solvents for the recovery of bioethanol for the design of an integrated extraction–fermentation–separation process, according to their ability to extract ethanol from aqueous solutions and their biocompatibility with the microorganism used in this study.

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Toth, Andras Jozsef, Botond Szilagyi, Eniko Haaz, Szabolcs Solti, Tibor Nagy, Agnes Szanyi, Judit Nagy, and Peter Mizsey. "Enhanced separation of maximum boiling azeotropic mixtures with extractive heterogeneous-azeotropic distillation." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 147 (July 2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2019.05.002.

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