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Academic literature on the topic 'Azimuth-altitude sun tracker'
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Journal articles on the topic "Azimuth-altitude sun tracker"
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Shufat, Salem Alaraby Ali, Erol Kurt, and Aybaba Hancerlioğulları. "Modeling and Design of Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Solar Tracker for Maximum Solar Energy Generation." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, no. 1 (2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.7-13.
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The sun tracking system that lets Parabolic Dish or PV panel orthogonal to the sun radiation during the day, can raise the concentrated sun radiation by up to 40%. The fixed Parabolic Dish cannot generally track the sun trajectory, also the single-axis tracking system can follow the sun in the horizontal direction (azimuth angle), while the two-axis tracker tracks the sun path in both azimuth and altitude angles. Dual axis automated control tracking system, which tracks the sun in two planes (azimuth and altitude) to move a Concentrated Parabolic Dish system to the direction of ray diffusion of sun radiation is studied and designed. The designed tracking system constructed of microcontroller or programmable logic control (PLC) with a digital program that operates sun tracker using driver, gear box to control the angular speed and mechanical torque, supports and mountings. Two steeper motors are modelled to guide the parabolic dish panel perpendicular to the sun's beam. In the present study, simulation scheme of two axis sun tracking system has been developed by operating under Matlab/Simulink. The program models and studies the effectiveness of overall system. The designed tracker has been studied with real data of sun trajectory angles (azimuth and altitude) as well as a Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) to improve the effectiveness of parabolic dish panel by adding the tracking features to those systems according to the present site.©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reservedArticle History: Received May 18th 2018; Received in revised form October 8th 2018; Accepted January 6th 2019; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Shufat, S.A., Kurt, E, and Hancerlioğulları, A. (2019) Modeling and Design of Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Solar Tracker for Maximum Solar Energy Generation. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 8(1), 7-13.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.1.7-13
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Mohammed, Gzing Adil, and Zana Saleem Mohammed. "Modeling Horizontal Single Axis Solar Tracker Upon Sun-Earth Geometric Relationships." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.5.
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Many investments and commitments have recently been set to use renewable energy source, overcome energy crisis and align with climate target. Solar power development and deployment make investment in power generation sustainability. The goal of this study is harvesting energy by rotating solar panel toward the sun direction. Astronomical formula is derivate to calculate the sun altitude and azimuth depending on given latitude, longitude coordination. The photovoltaic (PV) panels rotate horizontally and track the sun direction in 9 positions regarding to their actual time and calculated azimuth angle. Partial shaded effectiveness that produces between the adjacent panels due to PV panel’s inclination is calculate accordingly. The total increment of power production from fix to tracked panel structure is 17.3% per day. The extra power generation is distributed over the period between solar noon times.
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Ahmed, Rhif. "A SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR A SENSORLESS TRACKER: APPLICATION ON A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM." International Journal of Control Theory and Computer Modelling (IJCTCM) 2, no. 2 (2012): 01–14. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijctcm.2012.2201.
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The photovoltaic sun tracker allows us to increase the energy production. The sun tracker considered in this study has two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) and especially specified by the lack of sensors. In this way, the tracker will have as a set point the sun position at every second during the day for a period of five years. After sunset, the tracker goes back to the initial position (which of sunrise). The sliding mode control (SMC) will be applied to ensure at best the tracking mechanism and, in another hand, the sliding mode observer will replace the velocity sensor which suffers from a lot of measurement disturbances. Experimental measurements show that this autonomic dual axis Sun Tracker increases the power production by over 40%.
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Suboh, S. M., Lim Che Er, and J. Sardi. "Power Controller for Dual-axis Solar Tracking System using PID." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012068.
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Abstract Solar energy is one of the rich and unlimited energy sources in Malaysia which can generate power instead of the burning of fossil fuels which can cause air pollution. In this study, a dual-axis solar tracking system is proposed to improve the harvested power. To encourage the maximum output power is produced, PID controller is used. Its function is to achieve the reference power where the angle of the horizontal and vertical axes is considered. The solar radiation is studied from 7 a.m. (0700) to 5 p.m. (1700) according to the habit of solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle in Perlis, Malaysia. There is two PID controllers are developed for the orientation and inclination axis of the solar tracker. The output power between the dual-axis and single-axis of solar tracking system are compared through the simulation in MATLAB Simulink. In conclusion, the dual-axis solar tracker has a better performance than the single-axis solar tracker due to the higher degree of freedom to follow the motion of sun. This maximum power can keep going to the reference power of the photovoltaic module during the greatest radiation of sun depending on the solar altitude and azimuth angle.
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Robinson, John, Dan Smale, David Pollard, and Hisako Shiona. "Solar tracker with optical feedback and continuous rotation." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 11 (2020): 5855–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5855-2020.
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Abstract. Solar trackers are often used by spectrometers to measure atmospheric trace gas concentrations using direct sun spectroscopy. The ideal solar tracker should be sufficiently accurate, highly reliable, and with a longevity that exceeds the lifetime of the spectrometer that it serves. It should also be affordable, easy to use, and not too complex should maintenance be required. In this paper we present a design that fulfils these requirements using some simple innovations. Our altitude–azimuth design features a custom coaxial power transformer, enabling continuous 360∘ azimuth rotation. This increases reliability and avoids the need to reverse the tracker each day. In polar regions, measurements can continue uninterrupted through the summer polar day. Tracking accuracy is enhanced using a simple optical feedback technique that adjusts error offset variables while monitoring the edges of a focused solar image with four photodiodes. Control electronics are modular, and our software is written in Python, running as a web server on a recycled laptop with a Linux operating system. Over a period of 11 years we have assembled four such trackers. These are in use at Lauder (45∘ S), New Zealand, and Arrival Heights (78∘ S), Antarctica, achieving a history of good reliability even in polar conditions. Tracker accuracy is analysed regularly and can routinely produce a pointing accuracy of 0.02∘.
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Away, Y., A. Novandri, and M. S. Rizal. "Investigation of energy-proportional on ANFIS-based tetrahedron-tracker." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1510, no. 1 (2025): 012060. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1510/1/012060.
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Abstract Sun tracker is a system designed to optimize the position of Photovoltaic (PV) panels so that they continuously face the sun, thereby increasing the efficiency of solar energy harvesting. The energy generated by PV is divided into two categories: energy-proportional and energy-operational. Energy-proportional is the energy produced by the PV and stored in the battery. Meanwhile, energyoperational is used to operate the mechanical and electronic components of the sun tracker system. However, current sun tracker systems have yet to achieve optimal efficiency because a portion of the captured energy is used to operate the tracker. To address this issue, a dual-axis sun-tracking system was developed, incorporating an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) algorithm to improve the overall efficiency of solar panels. ANFIS is a hybrid model combining Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) principles and fuzzy logic. ANFIS leverages the strengths of both approaches, making it more effective for applications that require handling uncertain data and can model complex and non-linear systems. The system detects the sun’s position using three Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors arranged in a tetrahedron geometry. Using the ANFIS algorithm, the system continuously adjusts the azimuth and altitude angles to stay aligned with the sun. Energy-proportional is calculated by subtracting the tracker’s energy consumption from the total solar energy. Testing showed that the ANFIS-based tracker system more accurate follows the sun’s path, demonstrating high performance. When tested with a 10 Wp solar panel, the system achieved energyproportional levels between 87.99% and 94.84% due to optimized energy management in the tracker’s motor and controller. These results show that the ANFIS-based sun tracker system can minimize energy-operational consumption while increasing energy-proportional, thus improving overall system efficiency and optimizing PV performance in absorbing solar energy.
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Bramstedt, Klaus, Thomas C. Stone, Manfred Gottwald, Stefan Noël, Heinrich Bovensmann, and John P. Burrows. "Improved pointing information for SCIAMACHY from in-flight measurements of the viewing directions towards sun and moon." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 7 (2017): 2413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2413-2017.
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Abstract. The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on Envisat (2002–2012) performed nadir, limb, solar/lunar occultation and various monitoring measurements. The pointing information of the instrument is determined by the attitude information of the Envisat platform with its star trackers together with the encoder readouts of both the azimuth and the elevation scanner of SCIAMACHY. In this work, we present additional sources of attitude information from the SCIAMACHY measurements itself. The basic principle is the same as used by the star tracker: we measure the viewing direction towards celestial objects, i.e. sun and moon, to detect possible mispointings. In sun over limb port observations, we utilise the vertical scans over the solar disk. In horizontal direction, SCIAMACHY's sun follower device (SFD) is used to adjust the viewing direction. Moon over limb port measurements use for both the vertical and the horizontal direction the adjustment by the SFD. The viewing direction is steered towards the intensity centroid of the illuminated part of the lunar disk. We use reference images from the USGS Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) to take into account the inhomogeneous surface and the variations by lunar libration and phase to parameterise the location of the intensity centroid from the observation geometry. Solar observations through SCIAMACHY's so-called sub-solar port (with a viewing direction closely to zenith) also use the SFD in the vertical direction. In the horizontal direction the geometry of the port defines the viewing direction. Using these three type of measurements, we fit improved mispointing parameters by minimising the pointing offsets in elevation and azimuth. The geolocation of all retrieved products will benefit from this; the tangent heights are especially improved. The altitudes assigned to SCIAMACHY's solar occultation measurements are changed in the range of −130 to −330 m, the lunar occultation measurements are changed in the range of 0 to +130 m and the limb measurements are changed in the range of −50 to +60 m (depending on season, altitude and azimuth angle). The horizontal location of the tangent point is changed by about 5 km for all measurements. These updates are implemented in version 9 of the SCIAMACHY Level 1b products and Level 2 version 7 (based on L1b version 9).
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Voss, Karolin, Philip Holzbeck, Klaus Pfeilsticker, et al. "A novel, balloon-borne UV–Vis spectrometer for direct sun measurements of stratospheric bromine." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17, no. 14 (2024): 4507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4507-2024.
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Abstract. We report on a novel, medium-weight (∼ 25 kg) optical spectrometer coupled to an automated sun tracker for direct sun observations from azimuth-controlled balloon platforms weighing approximately 12 kg. It is designed to measure a suite of UV–Vis absorbing gases relevant in the context of stratospheric ozone depletion using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method, i.e. O3, NO2, BrO, OClO, HONO, and IO. Here, we describe the design and major features of the instrument. Further, the instrument's performance during two stratospheric deployments from Esrange near Kiruna (Sweden) on 21 August 2021 and from Timmins (Ontario, Canada) on 23 August 2022 is discussed along with the first results concerning inferred mixing ratios of BrO above balloon float altitude. Using a photochemical correction for the partitioning of stratospheric bromine ([BrO]/[Bry]) obtained by chemical transport simulations, the inferred total stratospheric bromine load [Bry] amounts to (17.5 ± 2.2) ppt, with a purely statistical error amounting to 1.5 ppt in (5.5 ± 1.0)-year old air. The latter is inferred from simultaneous measurements of N2O by the GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) mid-IR instrument, resulting in a stratospheric entry of the investigated air mass in early 2017 ± 1 year.
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Swe, Swe Mar, San Zarchi, and Mon Thuzar. "Analysis of Dual axis Solar Tracking System by using Lock Anti Phase Drive Method." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 653–59. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18594.
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Solar energy is rapidly advancing as an important means of renewable energy resource. Many of the solar panels throughout the world are positioned with the fixed angles. Solar tracking enables more solar energy to be generated because the solar panel is able to maintain a perpendicular profile to the sun's rays. Solar trackers move the solar panel to follow the sun trajectories and keep the orientation of the solar collector at an optimal tilt angle. The main objective of this research is to develop an dual axis solar tracking system azimuth angle as well as altitude angle in which solar panel will keep aligned with sunlight in order to maximize in harvesting solar power generation from the solar panel and to show for the output power with dual axis solar tracking system is higher than without tracking system in the sunny day condition. This research focus on the development of new approach to control the dual axis solar tracking system by using DC motor and controller design is simple structure and saving cost by using LM 324 op amp IC. Design and construction of a prototype for solar tracking system which detects the sunlight using Light Dependent Resistors LDR and DC motor is used to control the appropriate position of the panel where it can receive maximum sunlight. In this dual axis control system, lock anti phase drive method is used for H bridge. From the hardware testing, the solar tracker is proven more effective for capturing the maximum sunlight source for solar harvesting applications. Swe Swe Mar | Zarchi San | Thuzar Mon "Analysis of Dual-axis Solar Tracking System by using Lock Anti-Phase Drive Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18594.pdf
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Kashan, Karam Abdulwahed, and Fadhil Abbas M. Al-Qrimli. "Improving Photovoltaic Panel (PV) Efficiency via Two Axis Sun Tracking System." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 4 (2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.04.09.
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In this paper two axis sun tracking method is used to absorb maximum power from the sun's rays on the solar panel via calculating the sun’s altitude and azimuth angles, which describe the solar position on the Iraqi capital Baghdad for the hours 6:00, 7:00, 8:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 17:00 per day. The angles were calculated in an average approach within one month, so certain values were determined for each month. The daily energy achieved was calculated for the solar tracking method compared with the fixed tracking method. Designed, modeled and simulated a control circuit consisting of reference position truth table, PI Controller and two servomotors that tracked the sun position to adjust the PV panel perpendicular on the rays of the sun. The results obtained by a simulation software MATLAB/Simulink.
Conference papers on the topic "Azimuth-altitude sun tracker"
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Kulkarni, Sudhir, Saurabh Tonapi, Pierre Larochelle, and Kunal Mitra. "Effect of Tracking Flat Reflector Using Novel Auxiliary Drive Mechanism on the Performance of Stationary Photovoltaic Module." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42973.
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General ways of cost reduction in solar power generation are Solar Tracked Photovoltaic (PV) arrays and concentrator systems. The PV array tracking becomes infeasible with increase in the size of the array and concentrated system is ineffective for continuous power generation as it requires external cooling system. Proposed approach here is to employ a novel auxiliary mirror drive mechanism to track the sun and reflect the rays on to stationary PV arrays. The performance is compared with same PV module without reflector under the same environmental conditions. Solarex SX 38 PV module and cleardome solar reflector (96% reflectivity) are used for the experiments. PV module is connected to electrical load through Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) and data acquisition system for voltage and current measurements. Incident radiation is measured using Li-Cor pyranometers located on the plane of the module and horizontal plane. A shadow band device is used for the measurement of diffuse solar radiation. The PV module is placed facing south at a tilt angle equal to the latitude angle. A reflector is placed facing north and oriented using the novel Mirror Positioning Device (MPD). The MPD is a five bar spherical mechanism used for solar tracking. This mechanism has two degrees of freedom which allows for tracking the sun along its azimuth and altitude. The mechanism is driven by two servo motors which actuate two links. The actuated link 1 helps in achieving the altitude gained by the sun while the actuated link 2 helps to attain the azimuth (or horizontal movement). The reason for using a spherical mechanism is due to the virtue of its architecture; it allows for carrying a larger payload and also helps in reducing weight. Its advantages are that it requires less power than traditional PV array tracking; there is no need for sensors to determine the position of the sun and also that it being a two degree of freedom spherical mechanism yields a large singularity free mirror orienting workspace. Solar radiation, efficiency, and temperature are plotted as a function of time for analysis. Average diffuse solar radiation is found to be in the range of 15 to 20% of total solar radiation. Different experiments are performed to find out the optimum cycle speed for reflector. Measurements show that output from the PV panel can be increased in the order of 22% with the use of tracking reflector. This work has succeeded in its goal in realization that the considerable increase in output power from PV modules can be achieved.
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St-Amour, Amélie, Pamela Woo, Ludwik A Sobiesiak, et al. "ALTIUS Attitude and Orbit Control System Software and System-Level Test Results." In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-084.
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The Atmospheric Limb Tracker for Investigation of the Upcoming Stratosphere (ALTIUS) project is ESA’s ozone-monitoring mission developed as part of ESA’s Earth Watch programme and is planned for launch in 2025. The small satellite will use a high-resolution spectral imager and limb-sounding techniques to profile the ozone and other trace gases within the upper atmosphere, while supporting weather forecasting and monitoring long-term ozone trends. To carry out these mission objectives, the Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) software must provide the spacecraft with high agility, high autonomy and fine pointing accuracy. The ALTIUS satellite platform and its AOCS software are an evolution of the ESA Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA) series of satellites, which have near 45 combined years of successful in-orbit experience from PROBA-1 (launched in October 2001), PROBA-2 (launched in November 2009) and PROBA-V (launched in May 2013). Building upon its PROBA predecessors, ALTIUS ensures a high-level of on-board autonomy to the spacecraft, minimising the need of ground station commands. To complete the mission objectives, ALTIUS requires several AOCS software innovations compared to the previous PROBA missions. The autonomous novelties implemented for ALTIUS include the following: •Limb Looking Mode: Limb Looking mode is an Earth atmosphere observation mode during which the AOCS software autonomously orients the spacecraft such that the payload line of sight points to a desired tangent point at a fixed altitude above the Earth surface. It includes nine submodes dictating the desired direction of the tangent point, including for instance Backwards Limb Looking (BLL) for anti-velocity limb pointing and Pole Limb Looking (PLL) for observation towards the North or South poles. •Augmented Bdot Safe Mode: The previous PROBA satellites offer two Safe modes: Bdot and 3-Axis Magnetic modes. The Bdot mode uses the magnetic field to reduce angular rates and to roughly align, along the orbit normal, a momentum bias generated by maintaining the reaction wheels at a constant speed. The 3-Axis Magnetic mode is based on the Bdot algorithm with an additional pointing of a third axis to nadir. It requires spacecraft position knowledge. As a novelty on ALTIUS, an additional Safe mode is included: the Augmented Bdot mode. This mode is similar to the Bdot mode but additionally roughly aligns a user-specified spacecraft axis (perpendicular to the reaction wheel momentum bias axis) with the Earth’s magnetic field. This mode offers 3-axis pointing with respect to the magnetic field and the orbit normal and is more robust than the 3-Axis Magnetic mode because it does not require spacecraft position knowledge. •Thruster Management with Off-Modulation: The ALTIUS spacecraft is equipped with 4 thrusters aligned in the same direction. The AOCS software is designed to command the 4 thrusters of the spacecraft, falling back to a 2-thruster configuration in case of thruster failure, for ΔV manoeuvres while performing off-modulation of the thrusters to contribute to the attitude control and avoid wheel saturation due to disturbing torques. •Occultation Event Prediction: Time and orientation (in terms of azimuth and elevation angles) prediction of the next occultation entry and exit for up to 10 celestial targets and the Sun, where occultation is defined as the event during which a celestial target is visible from the spacecraft within lower (-10km) and upper (+100km) tangent altitude limits with respect to the Earth’s horizon. •Occultation Event Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of the elevation angle for up to 10 celestial targets and the Sun. •Stellar Occultation Mode: -Standby Submode: aligns the spacecraft with the anticipated orientation of the next occultation start and avoids blinding of the star trackers and payload. -Tracking Submode: tracks a celestial target such as the Sun, a star, a planet, or the moon through the Earth’s atmosphere during occultation. After an overview of the ALTIUS mission, its AOCS software and its novelties, this paper will focus primarily on three of the above-mentioned novelties: Limb Looking mode, Augmented Bdot Safe mode and thruster management with off-modulation. It will discuss challenges associated with their design and present their performance based on the AOCS Software System-Level Tests (SST) results. The SST campaign has been performed on a closed-loop MATLAB/Simulink simulator and has been completed in January 2023. The SST results for the other novelties, namely the occultation event prediction and monitoring and the Stellar Occultation mode, are not detailed in the present paper as they are the subject of another paper to be published and presented at the 45th Annual AAS Guidance & Control Conference in Breckenridge, Colorado, USA in February 2023.