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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Azimuth and elevation angles

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Academic literature on the topic 'Azimuth and elevation angles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Azimuth and elevation angles"

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Tayem, Nizar. "Azimuth/Elevation Directional Finding with Automatic Pair Matching." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5063450.

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We addressed the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) elevation and azimuth angles estimation for multiple uncorrelated signals using L-shaped antenna array configuration. The key points of the proposed method are the following: (1) it obtains azimuth and elevation angles through construction of three cross-correlation matrices from the collected data of the received signals; this implies that the noise reduces significantly in the reconstructed data matrices; (2) it derives a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model and applies trilinear least squares method to avoid pair matching problem between 2D DOA azimuth and elevation angles for multiple sources; (3) it does not require spectral peak searching; and (4) it has better 2D DOA estimation compared with signal parameters via rotational invariance technique and fourth-order signal parameters via rotational invariance technique. Simulation results demonstrate the estimation accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Yan, Jiangzehui, Luping Xu, Chunhua Li, Weihao Tie, and Xuerong Sun. "Ultrawideband Discharge Source DOA Estimation Method Using Multiple Baseline Wideband Time-Domain Interferometry with Hilbert Transform." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9754032.

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The research interest of ultrawideband (UWB) discharge source location estimation has increased these years. In this paper, a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method using multiple baseline wideband time-domain interferometry with Hilbert transform for UWB discharge source is proposed based on time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of radiated RF electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) from discharge sources. Monte Carlo simulations are then carried out; the results indicate that, the proposed method provides a better performance in UWB discharge source DOA estimation than the traditional time-domain method, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Moreover, the influences of antenna array configurations and incident angles of radiated EMPs on the estimation precision are also studied. It has been shown that, the accuracy of both elevation angle and azimuth angle estimation improves with the increase of the antenna element number and baseline length. As for the influence of incident angles, the estimation accuracy of elevation angle enhances when real elevation angle increases, while that of azimuth angle tends to be opposite. Meanwhile, the real azimuth angle has little effect on the DOA estimation. Finally, an experimental setup for discharge source DOA estimation is introduced and the experiment results are illustrated.

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Zhang, Yanqi, and Zhaoming Zhang. "Unsteady Aerodynamic Characteristics of Antenna Rotating in Different Elevation Angles." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5503330.

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The aerodynamic characteristics of radar antennas should be considered in computing their wind resistance and designing pedestal servo systems. In this paper, the aerodynamic characteristics of a flat plate antenna with azimuthal rotation are explored using a wind tunnel, and the effects of the antenna elevation angle and reduced frequency on the aerodynamic coefficients are analyzed. The corresponding results of numerical simulation are given to compare with the experimental results. The variation of aerodynamic coefficients with respect to the azimuth angle is found to depend on the reduced frequency and the antenna elevation angle. When the increase in antenna elevation angle is slight, the mean and root mean square values of the aerodynamic coefficients are not monotonic with respect to increases in elevation angle and may increase at individual elevation angles. When the elevation angle increases significantly, the mean, maximum, and root mean square values of the aerodynamic coefficients all significantly decrease. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which verify the feasibility of using unsteady numerical simulations to obtain the flow field structure when the antenna is rotating. This approach allows the influence mechanism of the elevation angle change on the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotating antenna to be identified.

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Badriasl, Laleh, and Kutluyil Dogancay. "Three-dimensional target motion analysis using azimuth/elevation angles." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50, no. 4 (2014): 3178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2014.120251.

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Hendrix, Claudia, and Woodrow Barfield. "Spatial Discrimination in Three-Dimensional Displays as a Function of Computer Graphics Eyepoint Elevation and Stereoscopic Viewing." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39, no. 4 (1997): 602–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872097778667915.

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In this study we investigate the effects of computer graphics eyepoint elevation, display type (perspective vs. stereoscopic), and location of computer-generated images within a particular quadrant on the accuracy of spatial judgments. Twelve volunteer participants judged the azimuth and elevation separation between two computer-generated cubes using different computer graphics eyepoint elevation angles and either a stereoscopic or perspective display. The results indicated that eyepoint elevations between 15|dG and 45|dG led to the best overall performance for judgments of both elevation and azimuth. Whereas an eyepoint elevation of -15|dG resulted in significantly degraded judgments in azimuth because of depth compression, an eyepoint elevation of 75|dG resulted in significantly degraded judgments in elevation because of vertical compression. Furthermore, when objects were located in the quadrant closest to the computer graphics eyepoint, significant degradation in elevation judgments were observed because of vertical compression. In addition, the data indicated that stereoscopic viewing did not enhance performance over perspective displays because the monocular depth cues in the scene were effective in aiding participants in their performance of the spatial tasks. We discuss the implications of the results for display design.

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Oh, Raegeun, Taek Lyul Song, and Jee Woong Choi. "Batch Processing through Particle Swarm Optimization for Target Motion Analysis with Bottom Bounce Underwater Acoustic Signals." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041234.

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A target angular information in 3-dimensional space consists of an elevation angle and azimuth angle. Acoustic signals propagating along multiple paths in underwater environments usually have different elevation angles. Target motion analysis (TMA) uses the underwater acoustic signals received by a passive horizontal line array to track an underwater target. The target angle measured by the horizontal line array is, in fact, a conical angle that indicates the direction of the signal arriving at the line array sonar system. Accordingly, bottom bounce paths produce inaccurate target locations if they are interpreted as azimuth angles in the horizontal plane, as is commonly assumed in existing TMA technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effect of the conical angle on bearings-only TMA (BO-TMA). In this paper, a target conical angle causing angular ambiguity will be simulated using a ray tracing method in an underwater environment. A BO-TMA method using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for batch processing to solve the angular ambiguity problem.

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Tayem, Nizar, Khaqan Majeed, and Ahmed A. Hussain. "Parallel Factor-Based Model for Two-Dimensional Direction Estimation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1813497.

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Two-dimensional (2D) Direction-of-Arrivals (DOA) estimation for elevation and azimuth angles assuming noncoherent, mixture of coherent and noncoherent, and coherent sources using extended three parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs) is proposed. Most of the existing schemes have drawbacks in estimating 2D DOA for multiple narrowband incident sources as follows: use of large number of snapshots, estimation failure problem for elevation and azimuth angles in the range of typical mobile communication, and estimation of coherent sources. Moreover, the DOA estimation for multiple sources requires complex pair-matching methods. The algorithm proposed in this paper is based on first-order data matrix to overcome these problems. The main contributions of the proposed method are as follows: (1) it avoids estimation failure problem using a new antenna configuration and estimates elevation and azimuth angles for coherent sources; (2) it reduces the estimation complexity by constructing Toeplitz data matrices, which are based on a single or few snapshots; (3) it derives parallel factor (PARAFAC) model to avoid pair-matching problems between multiple sources. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Li, Jianfeng, and Defu Jiang. "Joint Elevation and Azimuth Angles Estimation for L-Shaped Array." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2016.2582922.

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Zhuravlev, Alexander, Alexander Golovkov, Polina Terenteva, Victor Malyshev, Michail Shmyrin, and Nikolay Stenyukov. "Antenna system with omnidirectional radiation pattern for systems with phase algorithms of direction finding." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005021.

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Ommidirectional in azimuth plane antennas with horizontal polarization are used in communication systems of McWILL standard, digital television systems of DVB-T2 standard, radio monitoring systems, semi-active ranging using the target illumination with the television broadcast signal, and many other cases. In many cases, radar and radio monitoring systems use phase methods to determine the azimuth and elevation angle of the target. To view all azimuthal angles, ring arrays consisting of omnidirectional emitters, usually also represented by ring arrays, are used. This paper studies the characteristics of an omnidirectional radiating element of electrically small horizontal dipole elements. An expression is derived that relates the radius of the dipole ring array to the number of dipoles and the variation of the resulting radiation pattern. The results are confirmed by experimental studies.

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Al-Jazzar, Saleh O., Zoubir Hamici, and Sami Aldalahmeh. "Two-Dimensional AOA Estimation Based on a Constant Modulus Algorithm." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3214021.

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We propose a two-dimensional (2D) angle of arrival (AOA) estimator using the algebraic constant modulus algorithm (ACMA). This algorithm was originally introduced to estimate the one-dimensional (1D) AOA. An extension to estimate and automatically pair the elevation and azimuth angles for different sources is derived and proved in this paper. The ACMA method factorises a matrix into two different matrices; one is of constant modulus and contains the azimuth AOA information; however the second was previously ignored. In this paper we will prove that this second matrix contains the elevation AOA information. Thus, 2D AOA estimation is proved possible using the ACMA method. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed method’s performances under different conditions.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Azimuth and elevation angles"

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Amara, Ashwini. "Object Detection and Tracking Using Uncalibrated Cameras." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1184.

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This thesis considers the problem of tracking an object in world coordinates using measurements obtained from multiple uncalibrated cameras. A general approach to track the location of a target involves different phases including calibrating the camera, detecting the object's feature points over frames, tracking the object over frames and analyzing object's motion and behavior. The approach contains two stages. First, the problem of camera calibration using a calibration object is studied. This approach retrieves the camera parameters from the known locations of ground data in 3D and their corresponding image coordinates. The next important part of this work is to develop an automated system to estimate the trajectory of the object in 3D from image sequences. This is achieved by combining, adapting and integrating several state-of-the-art algorithms. Synthetic data based on a nearly constant velocity object motion model is used to evaluate the performance of camera calibration and state estimation algorithms.

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Bandarupalli, Sowmya. "Vehicle detection and tracking using wireless sensors and video cameras." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/989.

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This thesis presents the development of a surveillance testbed using wireless sensors and video cameras for vehicle detection and tracking. The experimental study includes testbed design and discusses some of the implementation issues in using wireless sensors and video cameras for a practical application. A group of sensor devices equipped with light sensors are used to detect and localize the position of moving vehicle. Background subtraction method is used to detect the moving vehicle from the video sequences. Vehicle centroid is calculated in each frame. A non-linear minimization method is used to estimate the perspective transformation which project 3D points to 2D image points. Vehicle location estimates from three cameras are fused to form a single trajectory representing the vehicle motion. Experimental results using both sensors and cameras are presented. Average error between vehicle location estimates from the cameras and the wireless sensors is around 0.5ft.

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Abdalla, Hisham A. N. "Estimation of elevation and azimuth in a neuromorphic VLSI bat echolocation system." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9604.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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DiBenedetto, Michael Francis. "Development of critical-area criteria for protecting microwave landing system azimuth and elevation antenna guidance signals." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1175268091.

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Modaresi, Mahyar. "System and Method for Passive Radiative RFID Tag Positioning in Realtime for both Elevation and Azimuth Directions." Thesis, KTH, Communication Systems, CoS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24562.

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<p>In this thesis, design and realization of a system which enables precise positioning of RFID tags in both azimuth and elevation angles is explained. The positioning is based on measuring the phase difference between four Yagi antennas placed in two arrays. One array is placed in the azimuth plane and the other array is perpendicular to the first array in the elevation plane. The phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the azimuth array is used to find the position of RFID tag in the horizontal direction. For the position in the vertical direction, the phase difference of the signals received from the antennas in the elevation plane is used. After that the position of tag in horizontal and vertical directions is used to control the mouse cursor in the horizontal and vertical directions on the computer screen. In this way by attaching one RFID tag to a plastic rod, a wireless pen is implemented which enables drawing in the air by using a program like Paint in Windows. Simulated results show that the resolution of the tag positioning in the system is in the order of 3mm in a distance equal to 0.5 meter in front of the array with few number of averaging over the received phase data. Using the system in practice reveals that it is easily possible to write and draw with this RFID pen. In addition it is argued how the system is totally immune to any counterfeit attempt for faked drawings by randomly changing the transmitting antenna in the array. This will make the system a novel option for human identity verification.</p><br>QC 20100920

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Siddiq, Muhammad. "Deployment of chaff in centroid mode against anti-ship missiles using a variable azimuth and elevation launcher." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25814.

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Uher, Ondřej. "Servomechanické řízení pohybu fotovoltaických panelů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229662.

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Thesis deals with the introduction to the production of electricity using photovoltaic panels and the relative position between panels and the Sun. The project aim was to design equipment to ensure the vertical position of the solar panels towards the Sun during the day so as to achieve maximum energy gain from sunlight. Pointing mechanism will be governed by the date and time.

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Svensson, Olle. "Experimental results from the Lysekil Wave Power Research Site." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179098.

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This thesis presents how experimental results, from wave power research performed offshore at the Lysekil research site, were obtained. The data were used to verify theoretical models as well as evaluate the feasibility of wave power as a future sustainable energy source. The first experiments carried out at the research site was the measurement of the force in a line where one end was connected to a buoy with a diameter of 3 m and the other end to a set of springs with limited stroke length. The system is exposed to high peak forces compared to average forces. The maximum measured force in the line, when the buoy motion is limited by a stiff stopper rope is ten times the average force in that particular sea state. The experiment performed on the first wave energy converter tested at the Lysekil Research Site is described. The infrastructure of the site is presented where the central connection point is the measuring station. The key finding is that it is possible to transform the motions of ocean waves into electrical energy and distribute it to land. Many wave energy converters must be interconnected if large amounts of energy are to be harvested from the waves. The first submerged substation intended for aggregation of energy from wave power converters is described, with focus on the measurement and control system placed inside the substation. During this experiment period the generators were equipped with many different sensors; these measurements are explained in the thesis. The system that aggregates power from the studied wave energy converter is regularly exposed to peak power of up to 20 times the maximum average output from the converter. Vertical and horizontal movement of the buoy has been measured in different ways. The result is that the vertical displacement of the buoy can be measured with a simple accelerometer circuit but it is much more complicated to measure the horizontal displacement. A special method for measuring the horizontal displacement has been implemented by measuring the strain in the enclosure and the force in the line.<br>Den här avhandlingen berättar om hur experimenten vid Lysekils forskningsområde för vågkraft har utförts. Insamlade mätdata har använts för att verifiera teoretiska samband som modulerats vid Elektricitetslära, Uppsala universitet. De teoretiska och praktiska resultaten har visat på att vågkraft har förutsättningarna att implementeras som en hållbar framtida energikälla. Intressanta mätmetoder har utvecklas och påfrestningarna på utrustningin och dess samband med medel effekten har studerats.<br>Lysekils projektet

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Lind, Hampus, and Lukas Flenéus. "Ny generation av GPS-transponder." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51594.

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Detta projekt har utförts på uppdrag av Saab Dynamics. Syftet med projektet var att skapa ett system för att ersätta den befintliga utrustning som fanns för att simulera radar vid testning av vissa vapensystem. Systemet byggdes upp med hjälp av GPRS, GPS och transportprotokollen TCP och UDP. Huvuddelen av arbetet berörde GPS och GPRS. Denna rapport är en redogörelse för systemets framtagning och de verktyg och metoder som användes, samt en fördjupning i ämnena GPS, GPRS och deras olika protokoll. Rapporten tar även kort upp alternativa lösningar till datasamtal. Slutsatsen som kan dras utifrån resultatet av detta projekt är att systemet fungerar och kan vara användbart i framtiden efter vidareutveckling.<br>This project has been carried out on behalf of Saab Dynamics. The purpose of the project was to create a system to replace the existing equipment for simulating radar when testing certain weapon systems. The system was created using GPRS, GPS and the transport protocols TCP and UDP. GPS and GPRS were used the most. This report is a description of the system's design and the tools and methods used to create it, as well as an in depth look into the subjects of GPS, GPRS and their various protocols. The report also briefly discusses some alternative solutions that could have been used instead of data calls. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this project is that the system works and can be useful in the future with further development.

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Cheng, Chun Wei, and 程俊維. "The Study on the Power Efficiency of Photovoltaic Panel in Different Azimuth Positions and Elevation Angles in Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44470063768604548876.

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碩士<br>樹德科技大學<br>建築與環境設計研究所<br>99<br>Using solar power to replace traditional energy has already becomed the trend of the energy policy in Taiwan. Photovoltaic systems are easy to be established in terms of renewable energy devices. The photovoltaic panels frequently used in Taiwan are mainly of single crystal and poly crystal, and the efficiency of electricity generation is between 10% and 20%. Amorphous systems are slightly lower than single crystalline ones, and the difference is approximately 2%. The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels mainly depends on the solar radiation, solar illumination angles, and climate of a region, and the daily solar radiation is limited to solar illumination time. Kaohsiung was regarded as the research scope in this study, in which the photovoltaic systems, whose azimuth positions and elevation angles were adjustable, to measure the amount of electricity generated in Kaohsiung. The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels will be influenced directly or indirectly by seasons or the environment, weather, and suspended particulates in the air of different regions. Therefore, actual measurement and computer analyses were employed in this study to analyze the efficiency of the electricity generation of the photovoltaic systems in Kaohsiung as well as the amount of electricity generated in different seasons and discover the optimal azimuths and elevations for photovoltaic panels in order to achieve the optimal efficiency of the electricity generation of photovoltaic systems. When photovoltaic panels are installed, it is easy for environmental factors to influence the efficiency of the electricity generation. Through the actually measurement of the amount of electricity generated in Kaohsiung, it was found that due to the changes of solar impact angles in winter and summer, the positions of panel should be either greater than 22 degrees or smaller than 15 degrees to obtain the maximum efficiency of electricity generation. However, photovoltaic systems are aimed at annual electricity generation. According to the actual measurement, the optimal amount of electricity generated was obtained from the system with the azimuth of south and the elevation between 15 degrees and 22 degrees, and the top second one was of the azimuth of southwest.

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Books on the topic "Azimuth and elevation angles"

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Burns, R. E. Solution of the angles-only satellite tracking problem. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1997.

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Burns, R. E. Solution of the angles-only satellite tracking problem. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1997.

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Burns, R. E. Solution of the angles-only satellite tracking problem. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1997.

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Burns, R. E. Solution of the angles-only satellite tracking problem. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Burns, R. E. Solution of the angles-only satellite tracking problem. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1997.

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Siddiq, Muhammad. Deployment of chaff in centroid mode against anti-ship missiles using a variable azimuth and elevation launcher. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Azimuth and elevation angles"

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Kreczmer, Bogdan. "Estimation of Azimuth and Elevation Angles of Ultrasonic Signal Arrival by Indirect Phase Determination." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40971-5_33.

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Christopher, P. "Constellations for High Elevation Angles." In Mission Design & Implementation of Satellite Constellations. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5088-0_6.

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Rothacher, M., W. Gurtner, S. Schaer, R. Weber, W. Schlüter, and H. O. Hase. "Azimuth- and Elevation-Dependent Phase Center Corrections for Geodetic GPS Antennas Estimated from GPS Calibration Campaigns." In GPS Trends in Precise Terrestrial, Airborne, and Spaceborne Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80133-4_56.

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Cui, Xunxue, Kegen Yu, and Songsheng Lu. "TDOA-Based Acoustic Direction Finding." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3528-7.ch005.

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This chapter focuses on estimating the azimuth and elevation angles of a sound emitter based on time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements using an array of acoustic sensors. The TDOA-based direction-finding problem is appropriate because in a range of scenarios the source only emits a transient signal and TDOA measurements provide a simple method of finding the direction of the received signal. Given the measurement of TDOA, three methods for calculating the actual bearing of an acoustic source are considered—algebraic calculations based on trigonometric functions, linear least squares, and nonlinear least squares—and these results are also compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of TDOA-based direction-finding methods is presented with regard to different application conditions, while their estimation performances are analysed with both simulation and field experimental results produced by 3-D microphone array.

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"Appendix C: Elevation Effects on Azimuth Error." In Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/sbcs504e_appendixc.

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Ida, Nathan. "Appendix C: Elevation effects on azimuth error." In Transceiver and System Design for Digital Communications, 5th Edition. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbte080e_appendixc.

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Brady, Michael, Xiao-Bo Pan, Veit Schenk, Melissa Terras, Paul Robertson, and Nicholas Molton. "Shadow Stereo, Image Filtering, and Constraint Propagation." In Images and Artefacts of the Ancient World. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197262962.003.0003.

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It is agreed that stilus tablets are very important documentary sources, however they are the most difficult to decipher. The difficulties in deciphering them is due to the rough surface of the tablets, the low brightness contrast of the incisions, the dense wood-grain lines, and the badly stained and pitted nature of the tablets. All of these posit a challenge for conventional two-dimensional (2D) image analysis. This chapter aims to provide a system that would aid the historian in interpreting stilus tablets by improving the legibility of the tablets. It provides novel ways of determining the texts incised on the tablets. One of these is the use of three-dimensional (3D) image analysis techniques. Such a technique is capable of detecting incisions, compared to the 2D image analysis, and is portable and inexpensive. Another method that can be used is the use of shadow stereo. This method employs low raking angle light close to the plane of the tablet at different elevations. The chapter also discusses the image formation process and the process of choosing elevations for each azimuth direction. The chapter also includes a discussion on realizing the shadow stereo algorithm.

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Jiang, Fei. "Extended-aperture multisource azimuth-elevation estimation with automatic pairing using a sparse uniform array." In Advances in Energy Equipment Science and Engineering. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19126-463.

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Karadimas, Petros. "Stochastic Modeling of Narrowband Fading Channels with Three Dimensional Diffuse Scattering." In Handbook of Research on Heterogeneous Next Generation Networking. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-108-7.ch016.

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This chapter studies a composite stochastic model, in which the diffuse component arises from three dimensional (3-D) multipath scattering. That case occurs especially in dense scattering environments, in which the tall obstacles cause arrival of multipath power in the elevation plane, besides that arriving in the azimuth one. Also the multipath components are assumed to arrive at the mobile receiver in specific angular sectors at the azimuth receiver’s plane. The last is physically justified by multipath power blocking due to the channel obstacles (shadow fading), or/and lack of scattering objects at specific angular directions, or/and directional antennas utilization. An extended Suzuki model, where the Rician process for the diffuse scattering component is multiplied by a lognormal one, is considered as an appropriate composite model. The most important metrics of the model are presented, according to its assumptions. More specifically, from the closed form autocorrelation function, the Doppler power spectral density (PSD) of the diffuse component can be analytically derived. Afterwards exact solutions for the envelope and phase probability density functions (PDF’s) are presented. Exact solutions are also derived for the second order statistics, i.e. the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average duration of fades (ADF’s). An efficient deterministic simulation scheme will be presented, which implements the analytical model on a digital computer. Finally a curve fitting of the LCR to real world data, drawn from channel measurements, will demonstrate the flexibility and usefulness of the extended Suzuki model.

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Barua, Shouman, and Robin Braun. "Direction of Arrival (DOA) and Channel Estimation." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0239-5.ch009.

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Future fit demand combined with a flexible technical solution that is by latest wireless technology stands for. Estimating of the user's location is going to be an integral system with the upcoming mobile technology. This chapter shows some techniques for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) with mathematical elaboration and simulation results as well. Estimating the DOA in this chapter is regarded to the purpose of using Smart antenna system. It is possible to estimate the location of a user by considering the uplink transmission system of the mobile communication system. Estimating the channel and accurate path delay is also an important task which might be done by using 1D Uniform Linear Array (ULA) or 2D Uniform Rectangular (URA) array antenna system. In this chapter, 1D ULA is considered in order to utilize some popular techniques. The performance of a communication system between two ends is substantially determined by the behaviors of the channel characteristics. It determines signal transformation while propagating through the channel between receivers and transmitters. Accurate channel information is crucial for both the transmitter and receiver ends to perform their best services. The ultimate focus of this chapter is to estimate the channel based on 2D parameter estimation. Uniform Rectangular Array (URA) is used to perform the 2D parameter estimation. It is possible to estimate Azimuth and Elevation of a source by using URA model.

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Conference papers on the topic "Azimuth and elevation angles"

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Uzunovic, Tarik, Jasmin Velagic, Nedim Osmic, Almir Badnjevic, and Emir Zunic. "Neural networks for helicopter azimuth and elevation angles control obtained by cloning processes." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2010.5641800.

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Sirota, Mark J., and Peter M. Thompson. "Azimuth/Elevation Servo Design Of The W.M. Keck Telescope." In 1988 Los Angeles Symposium--O-E/LASE '88, edited by James E. Kimbrell. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.944220.

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Porozantzidou, M. G., and M. T. Chryssomallis. "Azimuth and elevation angles estimation using 2-D MUSIC algorithm with an L-shape antenna." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2010.5560953.

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Van Yem Vu, A. Judson Braga, Bernard Huyart, Xavier Begaud, and Nguyen Bich Huyen. "Elevation/Azimuth Propagation Angle Measurements Using Five-Port Wave Correlators." In 2006 First International Conference on Communications and Electronics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cce.2006.350870.

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Wong, K. T. "Polarization-beamspace self-initiating MUSIC for azimuth/elevation angle estimation." In Radar Systems (RADAR 97). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971689.

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Lin, Chun-Hung, Wen-Hsien Fang, Kuo-Hsiung Wu, and Jen-Der Lin. "Fast Algorithm for Joint Azimuth and Elevation Angles, and Frequency Estimation via Hierarchical Space-Time Decomposition." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.366422.

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Noroozi, Ali, Mohammad Mahdi Navebi, and Rouhollah Amiri. "Target Localization in Distributed MIMO Radar from Time Delays, Doppler Shifts, Azimuth and Elevation Angles of Arrival." In 2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2019.8786435.

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Yilmazer, N., R. Fernandez-Recio, and T. K. Sarkar. "Simultaneously estimating azimuth and elevation angles along with the wavelength of the incoming signals by using matrix pencil method." In 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2006.1711118.

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Miller, Markus, Alfred Nischwitz, and Rüdiger Westermann. "Deep Light Direction Reconstruction from single RGB images." In WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3002.4.

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In augmented reality applications, consistent illumination between virtual and real objects is important for creatingan immersive user experience. Consistent illumination can be achieved by appropriate parameterisation of thevirtual illumination model, that is consistent with real-world lighting conditions. In this study, we developed amethod to reconstruct the general light direction from red-green-blue (RGB) images of real-world scenes using amodified VGG-16 neural network. We reconstructed the general light direction as azimuth and elevation angles. Toavoid inaccurate results caused by coordinate uncertainty occurring at steep elevation angles, we further introducedstereographically projected coordinates. Unlike recent deep-learning-based approaches for reconstructing the lightsource direction, our approach does not require depth information and thus does not rely on special red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) images as input.

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Keskin, Fesih, and Tansu Filik. "3D V-shaped Array Design for Fully Isotropic Azimuth and Elevation Angle Estimation." In 2019 27th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2019.8806470.

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Reports on the topic "Azimuth and elevation angles"

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Riley, Daniel, and Clifford Hansen. Sun-relative pointing for dual-axis solar trackers employing azimuth and elevation rotations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177037.

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Helmick, Ronald E., and Theodore R. Rice. Alignment of a 3-D Sensor and a 2-D Sensor Measuring Azimuth and Elevation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252120.

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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

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Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 > 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.

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