Relevant bibliographies by topics / Azo compounds. Graphite. Cast-iron

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Academic literature on the topic 'Azo compounds. Graphite. Cast-iron'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Azo compounds. Graphite. Cast-iron"

1

Riposan, Iulian, Mihai Chisamera, Stelian Stan, Eduard Stefan, and Cathrine Hartung. "Role of Lanthanum in Graphite Nucleation in Grey Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.19.

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Specific investigations concerning La-contributions in graphite nucleation process in Ca,Al,La-FeSi inoculated grey cast irons were performed by using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM, EDS). It was re-confirmed that complex (Mn,X)S compounds act as major nucleation sites for graphite flakes. La was mainly concentrated in the first formed oxide-based micro-inclusions (similarly to Al), but also at an important level in the shell of (Mn,X)S compounds (accompanying Ca). It is assumed that La forms micro-inclusions later than Al, as La-reached phase surrounded Al-reached phase. Complex Al-La small micro-inclusions, as possible better nucleation sites for (Mn,X)S compounds and La-Ca presence in the shell/body of these sulphides, possible better nucleation sites for flake graphite, appear to be the peculiar effects of ferrosilicon based inoculants, which include these active elements, promoting type-A graphite, inclusively in low S-grey iron.
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2

Riposan, Iulian, Mihai Chisamera, and Stelian Stan. "The Role of Compounds in Graphite Formation in Cast Iron - A Review." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.3.

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The paper reviews original data obtained by the authors, from recent separate publications, specifically concerning graphite formation in the solidification pattern of industrial cast irons, focussing on grey iron versus ductile iron. Additional unpublished data and selected data from literature are represented in the paper. Complex compounds act as nucleation sites in commercial cast irons, generally in a three-stage graphite formation, but with different sequences: (1) first micro-compound formation is oxide/silicate in grey iron and sulphide in ductile iron; (2) the second compound nucleates on the first one, as complex manganese sulphide in grey iron and complex silicates in ductile iron; (3) graphite nucleation on the sides of stage 2 compounds, which have low crystallographic misfit with graphite. Resulphurization (Mn/S control), preconditioning with strong oxide forming elements (Al, Zr), more potent inoculants and inoculation enhancement with S, O and oxy-sulphide forming elements were found to be beneficial treatments especially in critical solidification conditions
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3

Kim, K. T., H. W. Kim, H. Y. Chang, B. T. Lim, H. B. Park, and Y. S. Kim. "Corrosion Inhibiting Mechanism of Nitrite Ion on the Passivation of Carbon Steel and Ductile Cast Iron for Nuclear Power Plants." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/408138.

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While NaNO2addition can greatly inhibit the corrosion of carbon steel and ductile cast iron, in order to improve the similar corrosion resistance,ca.100 times more NaNO2addition is needed for ductile cast iron compared to carbon steel. A corrosion and inhibition mechanism is proposed wherebyNO2-ion is added to oxidize. TheNO2-ion can be reduced to nitrogen compounds and these compounds may be absorbed on the surface of graphite. Therefore, since nitrite ion needs to oxidize the surface of matrix and needs to passivate the galvanic corroded area and since it is absorbed on the surface of graphite, a greater amount of corrosion inhibitor needs to be added to ductile cast iron compared to carbon steel. The passive film of carbon steel and ductile cast iron, formed by NaNO2addition showed N-type semiconductive properties and its resistance, is increased; the passive current density is thus decreased and the corrosion rate is then lowered. In addition, the film is mainly composed of iron oxide due to the oxidation byNO2-ion; however, regardless of the alloys, nitrogen compounds (not nitrite) were detected at the outermost surface but were not incorporated in the inner oxide.
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4

Chisamera, Mihai, Iulian Riposan, Stelian Stan, Cristina Militaru, and Michael Barstow. "Influence of Iron Powder Addition on the Structure Characteristics of Hypereutectic Grey Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.96.

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Slightly hypereutectic grey irons (< 4.5%CE), solidified in resin and metal moulds, after an addition of iron powder, either alone or with Ca,Ba,Al-FeSi inoculation (double treatment) were characterized by structure. Iron powder had a role in limiting the carbide presence, while the supplementary inoculation led to the fewest carbides in metal mould samples. No carbides were in resin mould solidification, while graphite morphology progressed from (C + B) in the base iron up to the type (B + A) in double treated iron. Polygonal (Mn,X)S compounds acting as graphite nuclei, whose characteristics depended on the applied treatment, were found: larger size/low compactness [base iron], irregular polygonal with tendency to the highest size and complex morphology [iron powder treatment] and compact polygonal/smallest size [double treatment]. Iron powder has a negative influence on the graphite nuclei and eutectic cell characteristics, but favours austenite dendrite formation, as a reinforcement for eutectic cells. It has a limited graphitizing effect, witnessed only at high cooling rates. A double addition [iron powder + inoculant] appears to be an efficient treatment, with beneficial effects on both the austenite and graphite nucleation, affecting the final structure and chill tendency.
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Haubner, Roland, Susanne Strobl, Paul Linhardt, and Erich Halwax. "Investigations on a Defect Sewer Pipe, Attacked by Microbiologically Produced Acid." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.275.

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A nodular cast iron (German designation GGG) sewer pipe leaked within a short time of use (13 years). The pipe was destroyed by sulphuric acid induced corrosion. Microbes form hydrogen sulphide and further oxidation leads to H2SO4. Sewer pipes are coated inside with a protective alumina cement layer, which was attacked firstly, followed by a corrosion of cast iron. Spongiose is a corrosion of cast iron, thereby ferrite is destroyed and graphite and cementite are remaining unattacked. Spongiose is observed commonly in grey cast iron, but is unusual for nodular cast iron. The alumina cement coated GGG tube, the corrosion products and their different graduations were investigated. In the corroded spongiose-layer the crystalline phases graphite, cementite, hematite and magnetite were identified. In the rust-layer deposits of lepodocrocite and goethite are the main phases but also sulphur, gypsum and other sulphuric compounds were observed.
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6

Ng, Kok Long, Hideaki Sasaki, Hisao Kimura, Takeshi Yoshikawa, and Masafumi Maeda. "Heterogeneous Nucleation of Graphite on Rare Earth Compounds during Solidification of Cast Iron." ISIJ International 58, no. 1 (2018): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-398.

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7

Stefan, Eduard, Iulian Riposan, Mihai Chisamera, and Stelian Stan. "Lanthanum Role in the Graphite Formation in Gray Cast Irons." Minerals 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10121146.

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The present paper reviews original data obtained by the authors from recent separate publications with additional unpublished data, specifically concerning the Lanthanum (La)’s role in the solidification pattern and graphite formation in gray cast irons. Iron melting at 0.018–0.056%S, a 3.7–4.1% carbon equivalent (CE) and less than 0.005%Alresidual are inoculated with La-bearing FeSi alloys at different associations with other inoculating elements. Complex Al-La small inclusions as possible better nucleation sites for (Mn,X)S compounds and La-Ca presence in the body of these sulfides, which possibly provide better nucleation sites for flake graphite, are identified in 0.026%S cast iron. At a lower sulfur content (0.018%S), La,Ca,Al-FeSi alloy still has a high efficiency, but more complex La-bearing alloys are recommended for a higher dendritic austenite amount (LaBaZrTi–FeSi) or for lower eutectic recalescence (LaBaZr–FeSi). La has limited but specific benefits at 0.05–0.06%S irons, including favorable graphitizing factors (a higher amount of graphite precipitated at the end of solidification), lower eutectic recalescence, and a lower value of the first derivative at the end of solidification. When La,Ca,Ba,Al,Zr,S-FeSi treatment (0.035%S base iron) is used, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis finds that the first formed micro-compound is a complex Al-silicate (Zr,La,Ca,Ba presence), which supports the nucleation of the second compound (Mn,Ca,La)S type. At the sulfide-graphite interface, there is a visible thin (nano size) Al-silicate layer (O-Al-Si-Ca-La system), which is more favorable for graphite nucleation (it has better crystallographic compatibility). La is identified in all three important areas of nucleants (the first is formed oxidic nucleus, the second is nucleated Mn-sulfide and the third is a sulfide-graphite interface), thereby increasing the efficiency of graphite nucleation sites.
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8

Kimata, T., Keisuke Uenishi, Akira Ikenaga, and Kojiro F. Kobayashi. "Dissimilar Joining of Nickel Aluminide Intermetallic Compound with Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron by Using Combustion Synthesis." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.193.

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Nickel aluminide based intermetallic compounds were combustion synthesized from a powder mixture of elemental Al, Ni, and Si and were simultaneously bonded with spheroidal graphite cast iron substrate (FCD). Addition of Si to the elemental mixture of Al and Ni was confirmed to be effective both to the densification of combustion synthesized intermetallic compounds and to the joining between compounds and FCD. When the composition of precursor was Ni-69at%Al-9at%Si (Al/Si is the ratio of the eutectic composition), Al3Ni and Al6Ni3Si were mainly combustion synthesized. In the interface between compounds and FCD, reaction layers were formed to the thickness of 10 µm and the constituent phases were identified as Al7Fe2Si, FeAl3 respectively. In the four point bending test of the dissimilar joints prepared by heating at 973 K for 300 s, the brittle fracture did not occurred around the joint interface but mainly in the inside of nickel aluminide coating. The interface of reaction layers with 10 µm were chemically well bonded. The sample with Ni-69at%Al-9at%Si coating exhibited highest bonding strength of about 56 MPa because of the smallest void ratio of the obtained compounds.
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9

Chisamera, Mihai, Iulian Riposan, Stelian Stan, Irina Anton, and Michael Barstow. "Effects of Iron Powder Addition on the Solidification Behaviour of Hypereutectic Grey Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.90.

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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the solidification pattern of slightly hypereutectic grey irons (CE = 4.35 - 4.45%) after an addition of a commercial iron powder, and also in a double treatment with inoculation. Chill wedges with a 0.11 - 0.43 cm cooling modulus (CM), from using resin sand and metal moulds, were used along with different thermal analysis cups (CM = 0.75 and 0.43 cm). Relative clear/mottled/total chill measurement criteria were applied. Unfavourable Mn and S contents [(%Mn) x (%S) = 0.016] and a reduced Al residual (0.0015%) led to relatively high eutectic undercooling and chill in the base iron, especially at high cooling rates (CR). With the lower CM of cups, there was more undercooling in the entire solidification range and more difference between irons. Thermal analysis and chill parameter relationships are normal, except only for iron powder treatment and resin mould solidification, where chill is higher for a relatively lower undercooling. Conventional inoculation after addition of iron powder (double treatment) showed a strong graphitizing effect, as these irons had the lowest undercooling and chill levels, in all the irons tested. It reflects the improved properties of (Mn,X)S compounds as nucleation sites for graphite [10]. This paper is the first of two papers reporting on this study.
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10

Shen, Zhi Qing, Hong Liang Zheng, Tong Tong Li, Yan Xu, Rong Fu Xu, and Xue Lei Tian. "The Influence of the Residual Mg Content in the Ductile Cast Iron on the Formation Law of Spherodial Graphite." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.907.

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The residual Mg content ,spherodize ratio and nuclei of spherodial graphites(abbreviated SG) were studied by casting a series of similar composition ductile iron rods and white samples with different holding time of spheroidizing. The results indicate that the residual Mg content in the ductile iron was less and less as the holding time grows ,which causing the morphology of graphites transfer from spherodial to oval. Spherodize ratio change law is not continuous as increasing the residual Mg content which is divided at the 0.02%. The morphologies of nuclei of SGs core are typical examples of the highly magnified structure of spherical and irregular polygons; the diameters are about 0.5~2μm, consisting of (Mg, Ca)S along with CeO2and MgO. Disregistry δ between the nucleus compounds and graphite are low,which indicates that nucleus compounds are good nucleating site for SGs.The Mg element in nuclei of SG just act as nucleation substrates.it is the Mg which maybe simple substance in the metallic matrix that act as the role of spherodizer determines the graphite shape.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Azo compounds. Graphite. Cast-iron"

1

Ye, Jianchang. "Roles of graphite in the reduction of azo-aromatic compounds with elemental iron." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 137 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1172118261&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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