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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Azotobacter – Analysis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Azotobacter – Analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Azotobacter – Analysis"

1

Itzigsohn, Robin, Oded Yarden, and Yaacov Okon. "Polyhydroxyalkanoate analysis inAzospirillum brasilense." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 13 (December 15, 1995): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-171.

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The considerable industrial interest in the qualitative and quantitative production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms has led to the characterization of those synthesized in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter paspali. In contrast to some other bacterial species, Azospirillum brasilense does not produce copolymers of hydroxyalkanoates when grown under the different carbon sources assayed, namely n-alkanoic acids, hydroxyalkanoates, and sugars with varying C:N ratios. Rather, only homopolymers of polyhydroxybutyrate were detected, comprising up to 70% of the cell dry mass. No copolymers were detected in Azotobacter paspali. Quantitative analyses of poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) are also presented.Key words: Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter paspali, polyhydroxyalkanoate analysis, PHA, PHB.

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Maldonado, R., A. Garzón, D. R. Dean, and J. Casadesús. "Gene dosage analysis in Azotobacter vinelandii." Genetics 132, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.4.869.

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Abstract For more than a decade, Azotobacter vinelandii has been considered a polyploid bacterium on the basis of physical studies of chromosome size and DNA content per cell. However, as described in the present work, many genetic operations can be performed in A. vinelandii without the constraints expected in a polyploid bacterium: (i) reversion of transposon-induced mutations is usually associated with loss of the transposable element; (ii) revertants retaining the transposon always carry secondary transpositions; (iii) heterozygotic transconjugants and transformants are unstable and segregate homozygotic colonies even in the absence of selection. Physical monitoring of segregation, achieved by colony hybridization, indicates that phenotypic expression of an allele is always correlated with its physical presence, thus ruling out the existence of either threshold dosage requirements or transcriptionally inactive DNA. Chromosomal lac fusions constructed by double crossover with a linearized plasmid show a segregation pattern consistent with the inheritance of one or several chromosomes per daughter cell. Analysis of the delay required for the expression of recessive chromosomal mutations such as rif, nal and str provides further evidence that A. vinelandii is not a polyploid bacterium.

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Loveless, Telisa M., and Paul E. Bishop. "Identification of genes unique to Mo-independent nitrogenase systems in diverse diazotrophs." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-007.

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A number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria were screened using PCR for genes (vnfG and anfG) unique to the V-containing nitrogenase (vnf) and the Fe-only nitrogenase (anf) systems. Products with sequences similar to that of vnfG were obtained from Azotobacter paspali and Azotobacter salinestris genomic DNAs, and products with sequences similar to that of anfG were obtained from Azomonas macrocytogenes, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Azotobacter paspali DNAs. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of anfG and vnfG genes shows that each gene product forms a distinct cluster. Furthermore, amplification of an internal 839-bp region in anfD and vnfD yielded a product similar to anfD from Heliobacterium gestii and a product similar to vnfD from Azotobacter paspali and Azotobacter salinestris. Phylogenetic analysis of NifD, VnfD, and AnfD amino acid sequences indicates that AnfD and VnfD sequences are more closely related to each other than either is to NifD. The results of this study suggest that Azotobacter salinestris possesses the potential to express the vanadium (V)-containing nitrogenase (nitrogenase 2) and that R. rubrum, Azomonas macrocytogenes, and H. gestii possess the potential to express the Fe-only nitrogenase (nitrogenase 3). Like Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter paspali appears to have the potential to express both the V-containing nitrogenase and the Fe-only nitrogenase.Key words: Mo-independent nitrogenase systems, diverse diazotrophs, vnfG, anfG.

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Baral, Bandhu Raj, and Parbati Adhikari. "Effect of Azotobacter on Growth and Yield of Maize." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 11, no. 2 (March 21, 2014): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18409.

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A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Azotobacter on growth and yield of maize (variety Rampur composite) at farmland of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during the winter season of 2007-08 and 2008-09. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with eight treatments each replicated three times. The treatments were control, 120:60:40 kg NP2O5K2O ha-1, Azotobacter seed inoculation, Azotobacter soil application, Azotobacter +10 t FYM ha-1, 10 t FYM ha-1, 120:60:40 kg NP2O5K2O ha-1 + Azotobacter, 120:60:40 kg NP2O5K2O ha-1 + Azotobacter + 10 t FYM ha-1. Analysis of variance showed that grain yield, plant height, ear height, ear length, kernel per rows and 1000 grain weight were significantly affected with treatments. Only inoculation of Azotobacter increased 15 to 35% grain yield over non inoculated treatments. The benefit of Azotobacter inoculation was higher in the absence of chemical fertilizer application. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18409 SAARC J. Agri., 11(2): 141-147 (2013)

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Jain, Devendra, Jyoti Sharma, Gunnjeet Kaur, Ali Asger Bhojiya, Surya Chauhan, Vimal Sharma, Archna Suman, Santosh Ranjan Mohanty, and Elina Maharjan. "Phenetic and Molecular Diversity of Nitrogen Fixating Plant Growth Promoting Azotobacter Isolated from Semiarid Regions of India." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686283.

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In the present study, 24 Azotobacter strains were isolated from soils of different areas of southern Rajasthan and characterized at biochemical, functional, and molecular levels. The isolated Azotobacter strains were gram negative and cyst forming when viewed under the microscope. These strains were also screened for their plant growth promoting activities and the ability of these isolates to survive under abiotic stress conditions viz. salt, pH, temperature, and drought stress. All the isolates showed IAA, siderophore, HCN, and ammonia production, whereas seven Azotobacter strains showed phosphate solubilization. Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) revealed significant diversity among Azotobacter strains and the dendrogram obtained differentiated twenty-four of the strains into two major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.64. Qualitative and quantitative N2 fixation abilities of these strains were also detrained, and the amounts of acetylene reduced by Azotobacter strains were in the range of 1.31 to 846.56 nmol C2H4 mg protein−1 h−1. The strains showing high nitrogen fixation ability with multiple PGP activities were selected for further pot studies, and these Azotobacter strains significantly increased the various plant growth parameters of maize plantlets. Furthermore, the best Azotobacter isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and confirmed their identities as Azotobacter sp. The indigenous Azotobacter strains with multiple PGP activities could be further used for commercial production.

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Caldwell, Jane M., and Hosni M. Hassan. "Azotobacter chroococcum does not contain sodA or its gene product Mn-superoxide dismutase." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-003.

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Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter vinelandii grown in Burk medium with 1% mannitol (BM) or in BM supplemented with 2.2 mg/mL ammonium acetate (BM+N) were found to have only iron-containing and CuZn-containing superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, genomic DNA from A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii were subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis using sodA- and sodB-specific primers and yielded only a sodB product. These results dispute the assertion by Buchanan and Lees (Can. J. Microbiol. 26: 441447, 1980) that A. chroococcum contains Mn-superoxide dismutase.Key words: FeSOD, Cu-ZnSOD, MnSOD, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter vinelandii.

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Bageshwar, Umesh K., Ramesh Raina, Nirupam Roy Choudhury, and H. K. Das. "Analysis of upstream activation of thevnfHpromoter ofAzotobacter vinelandii." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-011.

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BAL-31 deletion products of the DNA fragment containing the vnfH promoter and upstream region, when cloned in a transcriptional fusion vector and analyzed for vnfH expression in Azotobacter vinelandii, revealed that the upstream activator sequence of the vnfH promoter lies about 140 nucleotides upstream of the promoter. Subsequent substitution and deletion analysis by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in the upstream region of the vnfH promoter showed that sequences 5'-GTACCATGCGGAAC-3' and 5'-GTACCTGCGGGTAC-3', located 170 and 140 nucleotides upstream of the vnfH promoter, respectively, are both required for vnfH expression. Addition of four nucleotides in the intervening sequence between the vnfH promoter and the putative VnfA (analog of NifA of the conventional molybdenum-dependent nitrogen-fixation pathway) binding site resulted in a drastic reduction of expression from the vnfH promoter in Azotobacter vinelandii, where as addition of 10 nucleotides in the intervening sequence did not affect the expression. Therefore, the face of the helix-dependent contact appeared to be important. DNA bending seemed to play a crucial role in expression from vnfH promoter. The intervening sequence exhibited characteristics of sequence-dependent intrinsically curved DNA, as shown by anomalous low gel mobility with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and computer simulated curvature analysis. Distamycin at very low concentrations significantly reduced the anomaly in electrophoretic mobility of the intervening DNA sequence.Key words: Azotobacter vinelandii, vnfA, vnfH, promoter-lacZ fusion, DNA bending.

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Le, O., B. Shen, S. E. Iismaa, and B. K. Burgess. "Azotobacter vinelandii mutS: nucleotide sequence and mutant analysis." Journal of Bacteriology 175, no. 23 (1993): 7707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.23.7707-7710.1993.

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9

Dhevagi, P., S. Priyatharshini, A. Ramya, and M. Sudhakaran. "Biosorption of lead ions by exopolysaccharide producing Azotobacter sp." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/1/mrn-1231.

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Aim: Removal of lead from wastewater using Azotobacter species and optimisation of various parameters to maximise the adsorption of lead by response surface methodology as a tool. Methodology: The bacterial isolate UBI-7 recovered from sewage water irrigated soil was examined for its biosorption potential towards lead. The lead removal efficiency of Azotobacter salinestris was studied with respect to metal concentration (50-250 mg l-1), contact time (24-120 hrs), and pH (4-8).Using response surface methodology, these factors were optimized and R2 value obtained was 0.9710 for lead ions, which indicates the validity of the model. Observation with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope imaging (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic analysis (EDX) were carried out to confirm lead biosorption by Azotobacter salinestris. Results: The lead tolerant bacterium isolated from sewage water irrigated soil (UBI-7) was recognized as Azotobacter salinestris by 16S rRNA based gene sequence analysis. The highest removal percentage of Pb (61.54) was 50 mg l-1 in 72 hrs equilibration period. Interaction effect between different levels of Pb and different contact time of the solution were found to be significant. Lead biosorption by the organism was confirmed by the changes in stretching intensities of functional groups as well as appearance of strong OH stretching at 3291.69 cm-1. Images obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic studies of the bacteria (UBI-7) before and after biosorption clearly indicated lead adsorption. Interpretation: Current study proves that the functional groups of Azotobacter salinestris are involved in lead biosorption from aqueous solution which was confirmed through FTIR.EDX analysis also elucidated the lead absorption by the bacterial cells. Hence, this could be effectively utilized for decontamination of lead from the polluted environment. Key words: Azotobacter salinestris, Biosorption, Lead, Response surface methodology

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10

Morgan, T. V., D. J. Lundell, and B. K. Burgess. "Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I: cloning, sequencing, and mutant analysis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, no. 3 (January 1988): 1370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57312-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Azotobacter – Analysis"

1

Dong, Hanqing. "Structural and functional analysis of metalloproteins in Azotobacter vinelandii." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11062007-105105/.

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2

Ford, Christopher Michael. "The biochemical and genetic analysis of hydrogenase in Azotobacter chroococcum." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328319.

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Du, Lisheng. "Sequences and genetic analysis of several accessory genes from the Azotobacter chroococcum hydrogenase gene cluster." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41332.

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In Azotobacter chroococcum the hydrogenase gene (hup) cluster spans about 14 kb of DNA. In this study about 12 kb of the hup region beginning immediately downstream of the structural genes (hupSL) were sequenced. This revealed 14 additional open reading frames (ORFs) which we designated hupZMNOQRTVABYCDE. All of them are transcribed from the same strand as hupSL and are closely linked. The polypeptides predicted from all these genes are homologous to products of the gene clusters of membrane-bound (NiFe) hydrogenases from other bacteria, including Azotobacter vinelandii, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhizobium leguminosarum and Escherichia coli. The products of hupR and hupZ may be involved in hydrogenase-linked electron transport since they are similar to rubredoxins and b-type cytochromes, respectively.
Site-directed mutagenesis of hupB, hupY, hupD and hupE abolished Hup activity with either O$ sb2$ or methylene blue as the electron acceptor whereas two insertions downstream of the hupE gene had no effect on Hup activity. A 10.5 kb fragment of DNA beginning in hupR was able to complement hupD and hupE mutants, supporting earlier evidence for a promoter downstream of hupSL.
Mutations in hupB, hupY and hupD had little effect on $ beta$-galactosidase activity in a strain also carrying a hupL-lacZ fusion, indicating that hupB, hupY and hupD are probably not involved in regulating the transcription of hupSL.
Adding nickel to the medium restored wild-type Hup activity to a hupB mutant and about half of the activity in a hupA mutant, indicating that the hupB and hupA gene products may be involved in Ni metabolism.

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4

Shivaji, Sangeetha. "Functional analysis of a modC homolog in the Azotobacter vinelandii nif-gene cluster." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11052008-165140.

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Perry, Susan Elizabeth. "A site directed mutagenic analysis of the regulatory flovoprotein NifL from Azotobacter vinelandii." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247106.

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6

Johnson, Deborah Cumaraswamy. "Controlled Expression and Functional Analysis of the Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthetic Machinery in Azotobacter vinelandii." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27755.

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A system was developed for the controlled expression of genes in Azotobacter vinelandii by using genomic fusions to the sucrose catabolic regulon. This system was used for the functional analysis of the A. vinelandii isc genes, whose products are involved in the maturation of [Fe-S] proteins. For this analysis the scrX gene, contained within the sucrose catabolic regulon, was replaced by the A. vinelandii iscS, iscU, iscA, hscB, hscA, fdx, iscX gene cluster, resulting in duplicate genomic copies of these genes, one whose expression is directed by the normal isc regulatory elements (Pisc) and the other whose expression is directed by the scrX promoter (PscrX). Functional analysis of [Fe-S] protein maturation components was achieved by placing a mutation within a particular Pisc-controlled gene with subsequent repression of the corresponding PscrX-controlled component by growth on glucose as the carbon source. This experimental strategy was used to show that IscS, IscU, HscBA and Fdx are essential in A. vinelandii and that their depletion results in a deficiency in the maturation of aconitase, an enzyme that requires a [4Fe-4S] cluster for its catalytic activity. Depletion of IscA results in null growth only when cells are cultured under conditions of elevated oxygen, marking the first null phenotype associated with the loss of a bacterial IscA-type protein. Furthermore, the null growth phenotype of cells depleted for HscBA could be partially reversed by culturing cells under conditions of low oxygen. These results are interpreted to indicate that HscBA and IscA could have functions related to the protection or repair of the primary IscS/IscU machinery when grown under aerobic conditions. Conserved amino acid residues within IscS, IscU, and IscA that are essential for their respective functions and/or display a partial or complete dominant-negative growth phenotype were also identified using this system. Inactivation of the IscR repressor protein resulted in a slow growth phenotype that could be specifically attributed to the elevated expression of an intact [Fe-S] cluster biosynthetic system. This system was also used to investigate the extent to which the two [Fe-S] biosynthetic systems in A. vinelandii, Nif and Isc, can perform overlapping functions. Under normal laboratory growth conditions, no cross-talk between the two systems could be detected. However, elevated expression of Isc components as a consequence of inactivation of the IscR repressor protein results in a modest ability of the Isc [Fe-S] protein maturation components to replace the function of Nif-specific [Fe-S] protein maturation components. Similarly, when expressed at very high levels the Nif-specific [Fe-S] protein maturation components could functionally replace the Isc components. Oxygen levels were also found to affect the ability of the Nif and Isc systems to perform common functions. Nevertheless, the lack of significant reciprocal cross-talk between the Nif and Isc systems when they are produced only at levels necessary to satisfy their respective physiological functions, indicates a high level of target specificity with respect to [Fe-S] protein maturation.
Ph. D.

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7

Bennett, Lisa Tracy. "Genetic analysis of nifF and nifA and site-directed mutagenesis of nifE in Azotobacter vinelandii." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40938.

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Nitrogenase-catalyzed nitrogen fixation is a biochemically and genetically complex process requiring the participation of a number of different nif (nitrogen fixation) gene products. The nifF (electron transport), nifA (nif gene regulation) and nifE (FeMo-cofactor biosynthesis) genes from Azotobacter vinelandii were genetically analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of the nifF gene, which encodes a flavodoxin, was determined. Specific mutation strains indicated that in A vinelandii flavodoxin is not the unique physiological electron donor to nitrogenase. The nifF gene appears to be constitutively expressed but under nitrogen fixing conditions nifF gene expression is stimulated.

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8

Chung, Young Kyung. "The interaction of 5'-Fluorosulfonyl benzoyl adenosine with iron protein of Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27608.

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Book chapters on the topic "Azotobacter – Analysis"

1

Maier, Robert J., and Farhad Moshiri. "Molecular Analysis of Components Responsible for Protection of Azotobacter Nitrogenase from Oxygen Damage." In New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation, 383–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_38.

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Rudnick, P., R. Colnaghi, A. Green, and C. Kennedy. "Molecular Analysis of the glnB, amtB, glnD and glnA Genes in Azotobacter Vinelandii." In Biological Nitrogen Fixation for the 21st Century, 123–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5159-7_40.

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Maier, R. J., F. Moshiri, R. G. Keefe, and C. Gabel. "Molecular analysis of terminal oxidases in electron-transport pathways of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azotobacter vinelandii." In Nitrogen Fixation, 301–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6432-0_31.

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Tal, Sara, Jia-ge Li, Teresa Chun, Amy Robinson, and Barbara Burgess. "Analysis of Azotobacter vinelandii strains containing defined deletions in nif genes required for FeMo-co biosynthesis." In Nitrogen Fixation, 79–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6432-0_8.

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Mayer, S. M., P. C. Dos Santos, L. C. Seefeldt, and D. R. Dean. "Strategies for the Functional Analysis of the Azotobacter Vinelandii MoFe Protein and its Active Site FeMo-Cofactor." In Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation, 141–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3611-8_6.

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Jiménez-Vicente, Emilio, Julia Sanchez Martin Del Campo, Zhi-Yong Yang, Valerie L. Cash, Dennis R. Dean, and Lance C. Seefeldt. "Application of affinity purification methods for analysis of the nitrogenase system from Azotobacter vinelandii." In Enzymes of Energy Technology, 231–55. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.007.

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Pena, Carlos, Tania Castillo, Cinthia Nunez, and Daniel Segur. "Bioprocess Design: Fermentation Strategies for Improving the Production of Alginate and Poly-β-Hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Azotobacter vinelandii." In Progress in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering - From Analysis and Modeling to Technology Applications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/20393.

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Conference papers on the topic "Azotobacter – Analysis"

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Melnichuk, T. N., A. A. Gongalo, A. Yu Egovtseva, E. R. Abdurashytova, and E. N. Turin. "Impact of microbial preparations on the activity of rhizosphere and the productivity of oil flax under no-till." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.16.

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Microbial preparations improve mineral nutrition of plants, protect against phytopathogens, and increase their resistance to stress factors. The aim of our research is to study the effect of microbial preparations on the biological activity of rhizosphere and the productivity of oil flax under no-till in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere of oil flax showed that there is a tendency to increase the number of microorganisms of various ecological and trophic groups both under the conditions of the conventional farming system (CFS) and no-till when seeds are inoculated with a complex of microbial preparations (CMP). Under CFS, the number of microorganisms using mineral forms of nitrogen as nutrition increased by 28 %; pedotrophs – by 37 %; ammonifiers and oligotrophs increased under both farming systems. The total number of nitrogen fixers increased by 29 % under CFS as a result of biological preparations use, while under no-till there was only a trend towards increasing the amount of azotobacter. The number of actinomycetes increased under the influence of CMP by 50% under direct sowing; micromycetes decreased under both farming systems. The number of cellulose-degrading microorganisms increased by 18 and 27 % under no- till and CFS, respectively. The yield of oilseed flax under no-till was 0.11 t/ha (12.9 %) higher than under conventional farming system. On average, over three years (2017-2019), an increase in yield amounted to 0.12 t/ha (19%) due to the use of microbial preparations.

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