Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aztèques'
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Hosotte, Paul. "Histoire des Aztèques : le dogme et le pouvoir." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0034.
Full textIn 1325, after a "long march" of three centuries, the aztecs discover, on a small, swampy island of the lagoon of texcoco, the signe of the promise, a raising eagle on a nopal, showing them the place choosen by their god for the establishment of its power. For one century longer, they will lead a precarious life, among hostiles populations. In 1428, the master of azcapotzalco, then withholding the power, is about to be done with them. Aztecs prepare themselves for slavery, when, at the last minute, a young prince, tlacaelel, intervenes and, by his action, reverses the situation and leads his people to victory. From this victory to his death, in the background of five successive tlatoanis, he will exercise the real power. Mixing old observances and beliefs to new "articles of faith", he creates a new "dogma" under wich the little tribal god, huitzilopochtli, pulled up to the top of the nahuatl pantheon, takes over the fifth sun and entrusts his people of its survival by daily offerings of human hearts and blood. For this, they will have to cross borders, the nature of their mission forbidding aztecs to offer up themselves as a sacrifice, suicidal conduct wich would only hasten the death of the sun and its people : from wich the necessity of ceaseless campaigns, leading to an endless expansion of the empire and the sacrifice of victims more and more numerous, durind an impressive ceremonial wich was the key element of a real state-terrorism. Thus, the dogma becames apparent as what it is in fact : a mask behind wich heads an expansionist and totalitarian enterprise, expression of a relentless will of power
Vié-Wohrer, Anne-Marie. "Xipe totec, tlacaxipehualizti. Etude glyphique d'un complexe divin azteque : la fete, le dieu." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://books.openedition.org/cemca/6805.
Full textThe dissertation is about the god xipe totec and its ritual which was giving rise to a festival performed during the second month of the year, since the ancient post-classical period. Part of the work puts into practice a method created by j. Galarza and his team, the object of which is the analysis of aztec images. The theoretical background of this method is the assumption that the images, which they call pictographs, are "words" which can be read as such. The present dissertation, however, limits its scope to the preparatory analusis of the data which, eventually, should lead to a full reading. The data consist of drawings, together with texts in latin characters (narrations and indian words) drawn from sources of the xvith and xviith centuries
Lalaurie, Brigitte. "Panthéon féminin aztèque." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20091.
Full textThis thesis explores the universal link between mankind and religious phenomena, using the aztec cosmology as a basis of investigation. It presents a study of an amerindian civilization which created a new culture on a virgin continent, a civilization which in temporal terms is close to our own. It takes up the aztlan culture as its mythic place of origins, examining the origins of the word "aztlan", and it concludes with the arrival of the spanish. The study is divided into two major sections: - the first includes : a chronological study of the structuring of the religious mind in three stages: migration, settlement in mexico-tenochtitlan and the influence of military annexations ; a study of the female divinities and of their increasing complexity, as they were integrated into the pantheon through certains myths ; a studie of the rites of the solar year. - the second treats a particular goddess, tlazolteotl, who is of special interest because of her sulphurous origins and because of the importance accorded to her by the aztecs of strict morality
Ragot, Nathalie. "Les au-delà Aztèques : approches sur la Mort et le devenir des morts (Mexique)." Paris, EPHE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPHEA006.
Full textVauzelle, Loïc. "Tlaloc et Huitzilopochtli : éléments naturels et attributs dans les parures de deux divinités aztèques aux XVe et XVIe siècles." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP006.
Full textThe deities honored by the Aztecs of Central Mexico were numerous and complex. In order to better understand these entities, Mesoamericanists have addressed this topic from different approaches over the past decades, but the materiality of the gods’ costumes has remained a little-explored subject. Despite the fact that the importance of the attributes is acknowledged by scholars, no study to this date has ever proposed a global and systematic analysis of the materials that composed the deities and of their meanings. However, they were a central part of the deities, given that most of them embodied natural phenomena and showed themselves in the world of men by means of physical forms made of materials taken from nature. In that case, they could be represented or personified by men who wore the costumes of these entities. The contribution of my dissertation is based on the development of a methodology to study the deities from an emic perspective and decipher the meaning of their costumes, which implies a systematic analysis of the natural elements they used or symbolized. By decomposing the costumes of Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, this work emphasizes the meanings of the natural elements in relation to the forms they took (i.e. the attributes worn) and the gods’ bodies, in order to understand what these two entities represented for the Aztecs and why their costumes could vary depending on the context. What comes to light is a conception of Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli that can be different from the one we had, inherited from the Spanish missionaries and conquerors
Muchembled, Fany. "La posesión predicativa en lenguas yutoaztecas." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0009/document.
Full textThe concept of possession is a subject that shows linguistic, cognitive and cultural implications. There is a certain variety of possessive notions and possessive structures, translinguistically and intralinguistically speaking. This dissertation aims at comparing the predicative (both verbal and non verbal) possession ressources of uto-aztecan languages, one of the most important linguistic stock on the American continent and in Mexico particularly. This comparison is supported by a typological, cognitive and diachronic perspective, thanks to cognitive linguistics and grammaticalization theory. This investigation, indeed, intends to describe, at first, the several structures of predicative possession in uto-aztecan languages, as well as their semantic use, with a typological goal. Secondly, we intend to describe the cognitive models that originate formally and conceptually these constructions. For that purpose, we make use the work by Heine (1997), who presents six conceptual Schemas that can possibly originate the actual forms and meanings of predicative possession. These schemas can be postulated thanks to a comparative work of research upon anterior states of languages and proto-languages reconstruction. We then aim at describing and comparing the different schemas found in uto-aztecan languages, within a typological perspective, from our corpus of data extracted from contemporary as well as colonial grammars and dictionaries, as well as from works about proto-languages reconstructions
Coillard, Jean-Christophe. "La pensée scientifique aztèque en matière de minéralogie et de zoologie." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20081.
Full textGilonne, Michel. "Aigle royal et oiseaux d'après les connaissances ornithologiques aztèques : tentatives d'approche ethno-ornithologiques." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0301.
Full textThouvenot, Marc. "Codex xolotl : étude d'une des composantes de son écriture : les glyphes : dictionnaire des éléments constitutifs des glyphes." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0071.
Full textThe xolotl codex, from the valley of mexico, which is now in the bibliotheque nationale in paris, is a traditional aztec xvith century pictographic document. It is made up of images which transcribe the nahuatl language. These images can be divided into three categories: persons, glyphs and links. This study deals exclusively with the 2500 glyphs present in this document. These glyphs were analysed to show their caracteristics and the elements which compose them. They were brought together with quotations which enable the deduction of their reading, the naming of the composing elements and their phonetic values. 347 elements were identified and commentated and they were classified according to three criteria in order to study them and compare them with other pictographic documents in nahuatl. The fact that the elements are usely clearly in relation with reality permits the first division: classification by subject. The second classification is graphic and third alphabetic. The results obtained were synthesized as tables. In order to enable a flexible use of the informations and to facilitate future research the textual data have been computerized
Solis, Salcedo Javier Orlando. "Les sacrifices humains chez les Aztèques la construction du discours colonial espagnol d'après les sources du XVIe siècle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2612.
Full textLecouvey, Marie. "Nos ancêtres les Aztèques? : des usages des images des indiens préhispaniques dans la construction d'une identité nationale mexicaine (1860-1910)." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070033.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the ambiguous place Natives are given in the building of the Mexican national identity, through Academy iconography. The building of national representations is achieved through several modes of expression, as chapter one reminds us - that chapter emphasizes the role history and archaeology are given in that process where private initiatives meet the interests of the state. The Academy, an organ of artistic production and spreading, is more and more controlled by the state - the second chapter examines its relations with the successive governments. Art critique participates in the shaping of a public opinion by debating identity questions. The fourth chapter présents a statistical and thematic study of thé corpus of historical images representing thé Natives, images produced and exhibited by artists linked to the Academy. The paintings, sculptures, engravings and monuments of that half-century tend to build up some national identity in which the natives are emblems of patriotism, as well as geographical centralism and, in a way, power concentration. Chapter 5 studies the iconographie refocusing on the Aztecs and their transformation into ancient characters so as to give Mexico an Antiquity akin to that of Europeen nations. Indeed, the country must prove it has reached a degree of civilization high enough to make ail annexation useless - the visual arts are a means to achieve that. Although those images enhance the Aztec civilization, they also assert the necessity and fatality of the Conquest, and transform history into archaeology - and Natives into a bygone civilization confined in the passed by evangelization and evolution. Those images petrify the Natives, a way to exclude them from national identity by including them only in patrimony and not in national history. Thus, the Aztecs are not elevated as ancesters of Mexicans but more as predecessors
Lesbre, Patrick. "Tezcoco-Aculhuacan face à Mexico-Tenochtitlan d'après les sources historiques, 1431-1521." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0118.
Full textThis work consists in the analysis of little-studied historical documents and a critical study of the religious, political and military exaggerations or fabrications of colonial chronicles. Human sacrifices have been cleverly elluded and parallels with christianity intentionally stressed in order to se the acolhua apart from the mexica. The rediscussion of the conquests attributed to the mexica is a snesitive subject. At this moment there are no lists of the conquests of nezahualcoyotl and nezahualpilli. The present demonstration of a acolhua decline, founded upon a reading of pintura de merxico, seems questionable: this document is artificially opposed to the mendoza codex to establish an evolution of the balance of power inside the triple alliance. Establishing this moves to be most difficult considering the lack of doculents. The question of the sharing out of tributes implies recalling a transcription of the lists of cities paying tribute, a pictographic manuscrit, wich counterbalances the mendoza codex and confirms the importance of the triple alliance and the complexity of distributions ratios. Analysing the versions of a mexica absolutism leads to draw out its constants in colonial historiography, and put into the decadence of the end of nezahualpilli's rule, the enmity wich is said to have opposed him to moctezuma, the a2lleged crisis of the succession to the trone of tezcoco and ixtlixochitl's pseudo-rebellion. This is confirmed by the detailed study of the conquest: the triple alliance remains, the acolhua resist cortes. All this counterbalances the complete falsifications about tezcoco facing the spanish conquerors. This work aims to bring out the role and importance of tezcoco in xvth century central mexico, while destroying the deep-rooted mystifications of acolhua chronicles
Albert, Palacios Hilda Graciela. "Personne et société Mexica (Azteque) dans la "Huehuetlahtolli" préhispanique recueillie par des franciscains." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20079.
Full textSergheraert, Maëlle. "L'expansion mexica, 1430-1520 après J. C. : la question du contrôle impérial dans les provinces extérieures de l'Empire." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010614.
Full textVillegas, Pascale. "Commerce, conquête et interaction culturelle entre le plateau central et la zone maya : une étude comparative entre Teotihuacan et Tenochtitlan." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20027.
Full textIn Mesoamerica, long distance trade between Central Plateau and the maya zone make possible the product and cultural exchange. During the Classic, long distance trade between Teotihuacan and the maya zone serves to establish cultural interaction. The particular study of cylindrical tripod permit to privilege this hypothesis more than the military conquest of Teotihuacan against maya cities. During Tenochtitlan epoch, long distance trade continue between the Central Plateau and the maya zone, this permit to explain why the existence of architectural, linguistic, mythological similarities between the Aztec and the maya culture. Nevertheless, these similarities could be due not to direct influence between Aztec and maya but to teotihuacan reminiscence. The Spanish arrival put a final term of ancestral culture and long distance trade don't escape of this overthrow. During the XVI century, it reorganises and permits one more time the cultural interaction between Spanish and autochthones
Billard, Claire. "Le Vieux Dieu : vies et morts d'une divinité ignée sur les Hauts Plateaux mexicains : étude diachronique de l'iconographie et de la symbolique d'une entité pré-hispanique par une approche comparée des sources, ethnohistoriques et ethnographiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010614/document.
Full textThe Old God would probably be an igneous divinity, appeared since 9th century BC and which would have been already present in the Pantheon of the former Mexicans upon the arrival of the Spaniards. There, it would have adopted the names of Xiuhtecuhtli or Huehueteotl. The interest of this thesis is to undertake a diachronic study, through all the mexican Highlands, about this or these gods, to understand the evolutions and the interactions and finally to answer a main question : is there only one and the same divinity of fire since Middle Formative until the arrival of the Spaniards in 1521 ? The diachronic and multidisciplinary aspect of this work directs our approach and our methodology as the data of Late Postclassic will be analysed thanks to ethnohistorical and ethnographic information. The corpus of former times will be handled in a systematic way by a structural, technical, iconographical and finally symbolic approach
Peperstraete, Sylvie. "La chronique X: reconstitution et analyse d'une source perdue capitale sur l'histoire aztèque, d'après l'Historia de las Indias de Nueva España de D. Duran (1581) et la Crónica mexicana de F.A. Tezozomoc (ca. 1598)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210978.
Full textDoctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Contel, José. "Tlalloc : l'"incarnation de la terre", naissance et métamorphoses." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20082.
Full textOlivier, Guilhem. "De la métamorphose des dieux dans l'ancien Mexique : essai sur Tezcatlipoca, le "seigneur au miroir fumant"." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20068.
Full textOssant, Héliette. "Les images de Tlaloc et de Chac dans le monde maya "classique" (250-900 ap. J. -C. ) : Antécédents et postérité." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0242.
Full textBy studying representations of Tlaloc and Chac ; Aztec and Maya entities, during Classic period, period III, this thesis emphasizes continuity of their representation from period I – where we note existence of a proto-Tlaloc and a proto-Chac – to period V. So, from 1200 BC to the Conquest in 1519. We note a double continuity: of representation and of meaning. This continuity shows the structuring role of Nahua in the whole Mesoamerica. The semantic field of Tlaloc and Chac is the request for rain, therefore for fertility; but also for sacrifice: through the union “water-fire”, atl-tlachinolli, Nahua concept of sacrifice’s war
Saurin, Patrick. "Teocuicatl les chants des dieux des anciens mexicains." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20062.
Full textIn this work, we have transcribed, translated and commented on twenty teocuicatl, "sacred songs" of ancient mexicans. This material contained in a manuscript entitled "primeros memoriales" was collected by fray bernardino de sahagun, a franciscan, in the middle of the xvith century in tepepulco's valley. Firstly, we have tried to answer to a certain number of questions wich motivated our research : - what kind of knowledge do these songs give about divinities? - what are the relationships between these songs and rituals? - what does these poems reflect concerning the exoteric and esoteric aspects of religion? - do these songs resist to any political influence? - what do they teach us about prehispanic societies way of life? secondly, we have been interested in the very statement of songs. Basing our study on concepts such as act, context and performance, we could verify that each teocuicatl simultuaneously realized the effective presence of the god, the actualisation of the myth, and the accomplishment of the rite. Finally, our approch made us remark that these songs rejoin around three essential preoccupations : hunting, war and the cycle of maize and life in general, but that they also convey paradigms we also find in the maya civilization, for instance, the cycle of the maize god
Lucero, Paola. "Analyse chimique des matières résineuses employées dans le domaine artistique pré-hispanique au Mexique : application aux échantillons archéologiques aztèque et maya." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959989.
Full textDupey-Garcia, Elodie. "Les couleurs dans les pratiques et les représentations des Nahuas du Mexique central (XIVe-XVIe siècles)." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5014.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis focuses on the singularity of the relationship the Nahuas of ancient Mexico had with colour, by analysing the representations and the practices formed around this multifarious phenomenon. In the first place, it attempts to reconstruct their imaginary of colour, the coloured, and the multicoloured, by carrying out an investigation into the vocabulary and its polysemy, then on the place reserved for colour in art and, finally, on the values of the colourful in cosmology and mythology. The second part of this work studies the chromatic terminology of the Nahuas. It aims at rediscovering the organisation of the coloured universe into categories and their preferences in matter of colour, but also at recognizing the sensations and connotations that were attached to some of them. The last section of the study is devoted to the polychrome paintings that decorated the bodies of the pantheon members of this Pre-Columbian society, from the double perspective of their materiality and the visual effects that they generated. It reveals the complexity of the value that the Nahuas assigned to coloured substances, also bringing to light the role played by chromatic combinations in the expression of the principal of complementarities that structured the system of the Pre-Hispanic thought
Mazzetto, Elena. "Les typologies des sanctuaires mexicas et leur localisation dans l'espace sacré du Mexique préhispanique : lieux de culte et parcours cérémoniels dans les fêtes des vingtaines à Mexico-Tenochtitlan." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010672.
Full textLara, Galicia Aline. "Xiuhpoualli : el calendario mesoamericano en las manifestaciones rupestres del valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, México." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0070.
Full textThe work explains the understanding of the symbolic space of the Valley of Mezquital, Mexico, from the distribution of rock art sites. To this is interpreted that these paintings was a transcript of an Aztec and Hñähñü- Otomi Mesoamerican prehispanic calendar: The Xiuhpohualli. Includes a reading at 110 rock art sites. The glyph convention's revealed two aspects of importance: first, that the ensembles can are ordered for to reading; second, an icon can represent an action. The function of rock art was to convey religious information about one of the most important activities throughout Mesoamerica. The emphasis on the characteristics of the Mesoamerican, such sacred geography inscribed in the symbolic space-time, the figures which represent the gods end emphasizing their identity, their festivals, but also a model that represents the universe as a kind of space-time clock or rotation, including the design of a cosmographic world with the figure of quinqunce, that is to say, the sacred space was divided by a center and four directions of the universe with their four corners. Also, the representation of the body, sacrifice, nahualism, it is represents in the writing system based on icons or glyphs as conceptual aspect that could be understood by all groups and that this writing allowed political language, economic and sacred
Ricard, Lanata Xavier. "Les voleurs d'ombre : chamanisme dans le massif de l'Ausangate (Andes sud-peruviennes)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0194.
Full textThis thesis considers the problem of the analysis of beliefs, and the so-called irrationality of magical beliefs, taking as a case study the religion of indigenous quechua speaking shephers of the Ausangate cordillera (Southern peruvian Andes). It first devotes itself to defining the centralnotions which structure the shepherd's system of representations. Then, the thesis turns to the rites, which it thoroughly describes. Rites and representations are shown as parts of a system, based on a certain ontology, upon whose coherence the thesis sheds light. Eventually, the study tackles the issue of the status of beliefs, and offers a methodological guide for teh anthropological interpretation of discourses, basedupon the "charity" principle once established by Quine, which contributes to reducing the risks of interpretative misunderstandings. All along the thesis, the shepherds are allowed to speak for themselves, and therefore become true counterparts in the anthropolgical work