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Facchi, A., M. Rienzner, S. Cesari de Maria, A. Mayer, E. A. Chiaradia, D. Masseroni, S. Silvestri, and M. Romani. "Exploring scale-effects on water balance components and water use efficiency of toposequence rice fields in Northern Italy." Hydrology Research 49, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 1711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.125.
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Abstract Water use efficiencies (WUEs) between 20% and 60% are commonly reported for single rice paddies. When larger spatial domains are considered, higher WUE than minimum values observed for individual fields are expected due to water reuse. This study investigates scale-effects on water balances and WUEs of four adjacent rice fields located in Northern Italy and characterized by different elevations (A ≅ B + C > D). Water balance terms for the paddies were quantified during the agricultural season 2015 through the integrated use of observational data and modelling procedures. Following a Darcy-based approach, percolation was distinguished from net seepage. Results showed net irrigation of about 2,700 and 2,050 mm for fields A and B, and around 640 and nearly 0 mm for C and D. WUE of A, B, C and D amounted, respectively, to 21, 28, 66 and >100%. Values for C and D were due to less permeable soils, to seepage fluxes providing extra water inputs and to the shallow groundwater level. When the group of paddies ACD was considered (B was not included since it was separated by a deep channel), net irrigation and WUE were found to reach 1,550 mm and 39%, confirming the important role of water reuses in paddy agro-ecosystems.
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Febrianti, Salsabila Atikah, and Mardiyah Hayati. "Penguatan Kelembagaan Bumdes Wartim Maslahah Melalui Pendampingan Tata Kelola Bumdes Desa Waru Timur Kabupaten Pamekasan Jawa Timur." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Indonesia 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2023): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54082/jamsi.640.
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Permasalahan pada kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyrakat (PKM) adalah belum terbentuknya BUMDesa di Desa Waru Timur. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat bertujuan pada penguatan pendirian BUMDesa, serta mendaftarkan pengajuan sertifikasi badan hukum atau legalitas agar BUMDesa di Desa Waru Timur memiliki badan hukum sehingga dapat diakui secara hukum. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pengarahan dan melakukan pendampingan dalam proses pembentukan BUMDes serta memperoleh legalitas BUMDess Berbadan Hukum. Hasil dari kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah a.) Perangkat desa dan pengurus BUMDesa memahami mekanisme pengusulan Badan Hukum sebagai faktor utama penguatan kelembagaan BUMDesa, b.) Terbentuknya BUMDesa dengan nama Wartim Maslahah, c.) Terbentuknya tim pengelola BUMDesa beserta unit usaha, dan d.) Tersusunnya Perdes. Program ini diharapkan melibatkan masyarakat secara langsung dalam pengelolaan BUMDesa agar dapat mendukung dan membantu perekonomian berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat.
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SKINNER, GUY E., TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY, EDUARDO PATAZCA, VIVIANA LOEZA, LINDSAY A. HALIK, KRISTIN M. SCHILL, and N. RUKMA REDDY. "Effect of High Pressures in Combination with Temperature on the Inactivation of Spores of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Types B and F." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-175.
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ABSTRACT The impact of high pressure processing on the inactivation of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum is important in extended shelf life chilled low-acid foods. The three most resistant C. botulinum strains (Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F) were selected for comparison of their thermal and pressure-assisted thermal resistance after screening 17 nonproteolytic C. botulinum strains (8 type B, 7 type E, and 2 type F). Spores of strains Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F were prepared using a biphasic media method, diluted in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.00) to 105 to 106 CFU/mL, placed into a modified sterile transfer pipette, heat sealed, and subjected to a combination of high pressures (600 to 750 MPa) and high temperatures (80 to 91°C) using laboratory and pilot-scale pressure test systems. Diluted spores from the same crops were placed in nuclear magnetic resonance tubes, which were heat sealed, and subjected to 80 to 91°C in a Fluke 7321 high precision bath with Duratheram S oil as the heat transfer fluid. After incubation for 3 months, survivors in both studies were determined by the five-tube most-probable-number method using Trypticase–peptone–glucose–yeast extract broth. The highest (>5.0) log reductions in spore counts for Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F occurred at the highest temperature and pressure combination tested (91°C and 750 MPa). Thermal D-values of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F decreased as the process temperature increased from 80 to 87°C, decreasing to <1.0 min at 87°C for these strains. Pressure-assisted thermal D-values of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F decreased as the process temperature increased from 80 to 91°C with any pressure combination and decreased to <1.0 min as the pressure increased from 600 to 750 MPa at 91°C. Based on the pressure-assisted thermal D-values, pressure exerted a more protective effect on spores of Ham-B, Kap 9-B, and 610-F when processed at 83 to 91°C combined with pressures of 600 to 700 MPa when compared with thermal treatment only. No protective effect was observed when the spores of Ham-B, Kap9-B, and 610-F were treated at lower temperatures (80 to 83°C) in combination with 750 MPa. However, at higher temperatures (87 to 91°C) in combination with 750 MPa, a protective effect was seen for Ham-B, Kap9-B, and 610-F spores based on the calculated pressure-assisted thermal D-values.
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Spanel, Donald B., and Alan K. Bowman. "Egypt after the Pharaohs: 332 B. C.-A. D. 642." Journal of the American Oriental Society 112, no. 1 (January 1992): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604595.
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Ferri, Gian-Luca, Jorma Isola, Peter Berger, and Gabriele Giro. "Direct Eye Visualization of Cy5 Fluorescence for Immunocytochemistry and In Situ Hybridization." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 3 (March 2000): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800314.
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Cyanine 5.18 (or Cy5) is a fluorochrome emitting in the long-red/far-red range, usually regarded as unsuitable for direct observation by the human eye. We describe here the optimization of a direct visualization approach to Cy5 labeling, based on a standard fluorescence microscope with mercury light excitation and applicable to both immunocytochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Crucial factors were (a) an excitation path in the microscope not absorbing light in the orange-red range, up to 640 nm, (b) a 588-640-nm excitation filter range, distinctly below the excitation optimum for Cy5, (c) a 650-700-nm emission filter range, transmitting the low-wavelength portion of Cy5 emission, and (d) high-efficiency filter set components allowing a narrow gap between excitation and emission ranges without visible cross-talk of excitation light in the emission path.
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SKINNER, GUY E., KRISTIN M. MARSHALL, TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY, VIVIANA LOEZA, EDUARDO PATAZCA, N. RUKMA REDDY, and JOHN W. LARKIN. "Combined High Pressure and Thermal Processing on Inactivation of Type E and Nonproteolytic Type B and F Spores of Clostridium botulinum." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 2054–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-259.
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The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of multiple strains of the three nonproteolytic types of Clostridium botulinum (seven strains of type E, eight of type B, and two of type F) spores exposed to combined high pressure and thermal processing. The resistance of spores suspended in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7) was determined at a process temperature of 80°C with high pressures of 600, 650, and 700 MPa using a laboratory-scale pressure test system. Spores of C. botulinum serotype E strains demonstrated less resistance than nonproteolytic spores of type B or F strains when processed at 80°C and 600 MPa for up to 15 min. All C. botulinum type E strains were reduced by >6.0 log units within 5 min under these conditions. Among the nonproteolytic type B strains, KAP 9-B was the most resistant, resulting in reductions of 2.7, 5.3, and 5.5 log, coinciding with D-values of 7.7, 3.4, and 1.8 min at 80°C and 600, 650, and 700 MPa, respectively. Of the two nonproteolytic type F strains, 610F was the most resistant, showing 2.6-, 4.5-, and 5.3-log reductions with D-values of 8.9, 4.3, and 1.8 min at 80°C and 600, 650, and 700 MPa, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to examine the genetic relatedness of strains tested and to determine if strains with similar banding patterns also exhibited similar D-values. No correlation between the genetic fingerprint of a particular strain and its resistance to high pressure processing was observed.
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REDDY, N. RUKMA, KRISTIN M. MARSHALL, TRAVIS R. MORRISSEY, VIVIANA LOEZA, EDUARDO PATAZCA, GUY E. SKINNER, KATHIRAVAN KRISHNAMURTHY, and JOHN W. LARKIN. "Combined High Pressure and Thermal Processing on Inactivation of Type A and Proteolytic Type B Spores of Clostridium botulinum." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-538.
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The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of multiple strains of Clostridium botulinum type A and proteolytic type B spores exposed to combined high pressure and thermal processing and compare their resistance with Clostridium sporogenes PA3679 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TMW-2.479-Fad-82 spores. The resistance of spores suspended in N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (ACES) buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.0) was determined at a process temperature of 105°C, with high pressures of 600, 700, and 750 MPa by using a laboratory-scale pressure test system. No surviving spores of the proteolytic B strains were detected after processing at 105°C and 700 MPa for 6 min. A >7-log reduction of B. amyloliquefaciens spores was observed when processed for 4 min at 105°C and 700 MPa. D-values at 105°C and 700 MPa for type A strains ranged from 0.57 to 2.28 min. C. sporogenes PA3679 had a D-value of 1.48 min at 105°C and 700 MPa. Spores of the six type A strains with high D-values along with C. sporogenes PA3679 and B. amyloliquefaciens were further evaluated for their pressure resistance at pressures 600 and 750 MPa at 105°C. As the process pressure increased from 600 to 750 MPa at 105°C, D-values of some C. botulinum strains and C. sporogenes PA3679 spores decreased (i.e., 69-A, 1.91 to 1.33 min and PA3679, 2.35 to 1.29 min). Some C. botulinum type A strains were more resistant than C. sporogenes PA3679 and B. amyloliquefaciens to combined high pressure and heat, based on D-values determined at 105°C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was also performed to establish whether strains with a similar restriction banding pattern also exhibited similar D-values. However, no correlation between the genomic background of a strain and its resistance to high pressure processing was observed, based on PFGE analysis. Spores of proteolytic type B strains of C. botulinum were less resistant to combined high pressure and heat (700 MPa and 105°C) treatment when compared with spores of type A strains.
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Garcia-Manero, Guillermo, Raoul Tibes, Yi-Lin Chiu, Hao Xiong, Qin Qin, Peter Ansell, Daniel H. Albert, et al. "Phase 1 Study of ABT-348, A Dual Aurora/VEGF-Receptor Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2617.2617.
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Abstract Abstract 2617 Introduction: ABT-348 is a potent, novel, adenosine triphospate competitive inhibitor of Aurora A, B and C kinases. ABT-348 is also a potent inhibitor of all members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families. ABT-348 has demonstrated strong antitumor activity in a variety of preclinical cancer cell line models, in vitro and in vivo, including leukemias as monotherapy and in combination with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, azacitidine. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study are to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of orally and IV administered ABT-348 as monotherapy or in combination with azacitidine in patients (pts) with advanced hematologic malignancies. Secondary objectives include determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and exploration of biomarkers associated with ABT-348 activity. Methods: This phase 1 dose-escalation study of ABT-348 utilizes a modified continual reassessment method in pts with advanced hematologic malignancies: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplasia (MDS). Adult pts with histological or cytological confirmed disease, ECOG status 0–2, adequate hematological, renal and hepatic function and without significant hypertension or proteinuria are eligible. This study has four arms consisting of ABT-348 administered on a 28-day (D) cycle. Pts receive ABT-348 monotherapy once daily (QD, Arm A) or twice daily (BID; Arm B) on Days (D) 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle under fasting conditions. In Arm C, ABT-348 is given on the same schedule as Arm A in combination with azacitidine (75 mg/m2) administered IV or SC on Days 1 – 7 of each 28-day cycle. In Arm D, pts receive ABT-348 monotherapy on the same schedule as Arm A, but via IV administration. Samples are collected for PK and biomarker analyses. Pts are treated until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. Adverse event (AE) severity is graded using NCI-CTCAE v4.0. Results: 39 pts (median age, 66 y [45–86]) have enrolled (Arm A, n=32; Arm B, n=4; Arm C, n=3). Of these pts, 27 had AML, 11 had MDS and 1 had CML. Pts received a median of 4 prior therapies (range, 1 – 8). Best response to last prior therapy was: complete or partial response in 3 pts, stable disease in 11 pts, PD in 24, and not determined in 1. Dose escalation is shown in the table. The first dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of grade 3 pancreatitis was observed at 640 mg in Arm A. Due to this DLT, along with a second case of grade 3 pancreatitis, further enrollment in Arm A was held and Arms B and C were opened. A DLT of grade 4 acute kidney injury was seen at 440 mg in Arm C. ABT-348-related AEs in greater than 2 pts were proteinuria (23%), nausea (21%), diarrhea (18%), hypertension (13%), vomiting (10%) and fatigue (8%). Grade 3/4 ABT-348-related AEs were hypertension (13%), pancreatitis (5%), acute kidney injury (3%) and diarrhea (3%). One patient in Arm A achieved a CRi (640 mg). Five of 32 pts in Arm A were treated for ≥4 cycles, including 2 of 7 pts at ABT-348 doses ≥ 640 mg. Based on preliminary PK analyses, Cmax and AUC of ABT-348 were approximately dose proportional in the dose range studied (10–690 mg); co-administration of azacitidine had no apparent effect on ABT-348 PK. Evidence of dual aurora/VEGF receptor kinase inhibition has been demonstrated by induction of polyploidy and PlGF, respectively. 33 pts have discontinued and 6 remain on study. Conclusions: ABT-348 has demonstrated on-target biomarker and clinical activity in pts with advanced hematologic magnancies, and was well tolerated at doses below 640 mg in Arm A. PK appears to be dose-proportional. Dose escalation is ongoing in Arms B and C (with azacitidine); an IV formulation of ABT-348 will also be evaluated. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Clofarabine in AML. Tibes:Abbott: Research Funding. Chiu:Abbott: Employment, Owns stocks Other. Xiong:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Qin:Abbott: Employment. Ansell:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Albert:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Tse:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Oliver:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stock Other. Sajwani:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stocks and participated in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation and reviewing approving study documents related to ABT-348 programs. Other. McKee:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stocks Other. Ricker:Abbott: Employment, own Abbott stocks Other.
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Apata, E. S., O. O. Osidibo, O. C. Apata, and A. O. Okubanjo. "Effects of Different Solar Drying Methods on Quality Attributes of Dried Meat Product (Kilishi)." Journal of Food Research 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n1p80.
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<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of four methods of sundrying kilishi after preparation. They included Direct Sundrying Method (DSM) as control, Gujarat Energy Development Agency Method (GEDAM), National Institute of Oceanography Method (NIOM) and Kwatia Drying Method (KDM) each of the methods constituted a treatment viz, A, B, C and D. Meat (Beef) weighing 640 g was purchased and used for this study. The meat was divided into 4 equal parts of 160 g per treatment. They were sliced into length between 0.17 and 0.20 cm in thickness and dried between 4 and 5 hours to reduce the moisture to at least 40% before slurry infusion. The slurry ingredient components were ground and mixed to form a paste. Semi-dried meat were immersed in the slurry for one hour and later stabilized by roasting on charcoal fire for 5 minutes and later dried out in drying media tested in this study. The yield, chemical and sensory properties of kilishi were determined. The results showed that method B gave the highest (P < 0.05) yield of kilishi, chemical attributes as well as sensory properties of kilishi followed by method C. It is suggested that method B and C be developed and produced in commercial quantity for use in drying kilishi in the tropics due to their high efficiency.</p>
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Fukutome, Asuka, Haruo Kawamoto, and Shiro Saka. "Molecular mechanisms for the gas-phase conversion of intermediates during cellulose gasification under nitrogen and oxygen/nitrogen." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2016): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160325018f.
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Gas-phase conversions of volatile intermediates from cellulose (AvicelPH-101) were studied using a two-stage experimental setup and compared with those of levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-b-D-glucopyranose). Under N2or 7% O2/N2flow, vapors produced from the pyrolysis zone (500?C) degraded in the secondary reaction zone at 400,500, 600 or 900?C (residence time:0.8-1.4 s). The 69.3% (C-based) of levoglucosan was obtained at 400?C under N2flow along with 1,6-anhydro-b-D-glucofuranose (8.3 %, C-based), indicating that these anhydrosugars are the major volatile intermediates from cellulose pyrolysis. Levoglucosan and other volatiles started to fragment at 600?C, and cellulose was completely gasified at 900?C. Most gas/tar formations are explained by gas-phase reactions of levoglucosan reported previously, except for some minor reactions originating from the molten-phase pyrolysis, which produced benzene, furans and 1,6-anhydro-b-D-glucofuranose. Synergetic effects of O2and volatiles accelerated fragmentation and cellulose gasification was completed at 600?C, which reduced benzene and hydrocarbon gas productions. The molecular mechanisms including the action of O2as a biradical are discussed. These lines of information provide insights into the development of tar-free clean gasification that maintains high efficiency.
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Abadi, Agung, Novela W. Romboisano, Yati M. Lalaem, Ernawati, Intannurfemi B. Hismayasari, Asthervina W. Puspitasari, and Saidin. "PENINGKATAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN SPESIFIK IKAN LELE (Clarias sp) DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI VITAMIN C PADA PAKAN." Journal of Fish Nutrition 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jfn.v2i1.1383.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi vitamin C pada pakan terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) dan pertambahan bobot ikan (BWI). Tingginya produksi ikan lele membutuhkan peningkatan pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menambahkan vitamin C pada pakan sebesar 200 mg/L (A), 400 mg/L (B), 600 mg/L (C) dan Kontrol (K). Penambahan vitamin C pada pakan dilakukan dengan melarutkan vitamin C pada air kemudian ditambahkan pada pakan sesuai dosis. Hasil analisi anova data menggunakan SPSS 16 menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata sig>0.05 dengan nilai pada Laju pertumbuhan Spesifik (SGR) berturut B 5,41 %bw/d, C 4,90 %bw/d, A 2,41 %bw/d, dan K 1, 69 %bw/d, begitu juga dengan nilai BWI berturut-turut B 89%, C 86%, A 62% dan K 45%. Suplementasi vitamin C pada pakan secara statistik tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peningkatan laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan prosentase indek pertambahan berat.
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Spencer, Charles S., and Elsa M. Redmond. "The Chronology of Conquest: Implications of New Radiocarbon Analyses from the Cañada de Cuicatlán, Oaxaca." Latin American Antiquity 12, no. 2 (June 2001): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972055.
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Recently obtained radiocarbon determinations from the Cañada de Cuicatlán, Oaxaca, Mexico, have made it possible to revise the chronological placement of the Perdido phase (from 600-200 B. C. to 750-300 B. C.) and the Lomas phase (from 200 B. C.-A. D. 200 to 300 B. C.-A. D. 200), the latter being the phase for which substantial evidence of a Zapotec conquest of the Cañada has been recovered. The revised chronology brings the Lomas phase into close alignment with the Late Monte Albán I (300-100 B. C.) and the Monte Albán II (100 B. C.-A. D. 200) phases, during which the early Zapotec state emerged with its capital at Monte Albán in the Oaxaca Valley. The new Cañada dates support the proposition that territorial expansion outside the Oaxaca Valley played a major role very early in the process of Zapotec primary state formation. This strategy of extra-Valley expansion appears to have been initiated before all areas within the Oaxaca Valley were fully integrated into the Zapotec state.
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Jirjahn, Burkhard, Henry Hildebrandt, and Gert Heller. "Bis-und Tris[μ-nitrido-bis(diorganylphoshinato-O,O′)]- element( 1+)-Kationen / Bis- and Tris[μ-nitrido-bis(diorganylphosphinato-O,O′)]-element(1+) Cations." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0119.
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The following compounds have been prepared and characterized by crystal structure analyses:Two modifications of bis[μ-nitrido-bis(diphenylphosphinato-O,O′)]boronium (1+) triiodide (A and B): A (monoclinic, P21/c; a = 1908.8, b = 1652.7, and c = 1719.4 pm; β = 109.54°; Z = 4; = 10.3%) and B (triclinic, P 1̄, a = 981.8, b = 1148.9, and c = 2353.7 pm; α = 80,91°, β = 81.09°, γ = 74.58°, Z = 2, wR = 7.4%).Tris[μ-nitrido-bis(diphenylphosphinato-O,O′)]aluminium( 1 +) triiodide (C) and tris[μ-imidobis(diphenylphosphinato-O,O′)]aluminium (1+)bis(hydrogenphosphate) dioxane adduct (D): C (monoclinic, P21/n ,a = 1332.4, b = 4087.6, an d c = 1368.1 pm; β = 93.17°; Z = 4; R = 10.4%) and D (orthorhombic, Pc21b, a = 1798.7, b = 2151.1, and c = 1948.7 pm; Z = 4; R = 12,8%).Two modifications of tris[μ-nitrido-bis(diphenylphosphinato-O,O′)]stannium (1+) perchlorate (E and F): E (triclinic, P 1̄, a = 1468.7, b = 1480.2, and c = 1629.8 pm; α = 99.75°, β = 90.77°, and γ = 92,65°, Z = 2, wR = 6,0%) and F (hexagonal, a = 1224 and c = 2110 pm). Bis[μ-nitridobis(diethylphosphinato-O,O′)]boronium (1+) triiodide has been characterized by IR, FIR, 1H - and 31P NMR, as well as by mass spectra
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Di Fiore, Adolfo, Stefano Sivolella, Elena Stocco, Vittorio Favero, and Edoardo Stellini. "Experimental Analysis of Temperature Differences During Implant Site Preparation: Continuous Drilling Technique Versus Intermittent Drilling Technique." Journal of Oral Implantology 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00077.
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Implant site preparation through drilling procedures may cause bone thermonecrosis. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate, using a thermal probe, overheating at implant sites during osteotomies through 2 different drilling methods (continuous drilling technique versus intermittent drilling technique) using irrigation at different temperatures. Five implant sites 13 mm in length were performed on 16 blocks (fresh bovine ribs), for a total of 80 implant sites. The PT-100 thermal probe was positioned 5 mm from each site. Two physiological refrigerant solutions were used: one at 23.7°C and one at 6.0°C. Four experimental groups were considered: group A (continuous drilling with physiological solution at 23.7°C), group B (intermittent drilling with physiological solution at 23.7°C), group C (continuous drilling with physiological solution at 6.0°C), and group D (intermittent drilling with physiological solution at 6.0°C). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test (2-tailed) was used to compare groups. While there was no difference between group A and group B (W = 86; P = .45), statistically significant differences were observed between experimental groups A and C (W = 0; P =.0001), B and D (W = 45; P =.0005), and C and D (W = 41; P = .003). Implant site preparation did not affect the overheating of the bone. Statistically significant differences were found with the refrigerant solutions. Using both irrigating solutions, bone temperature did not exceed 47°C.
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Banu, Mst Nasrin, Md Bazlar Rashid, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Fahima Binte Aziz, Md Rakibul Islam, and Md Anowarul Haque. "Effect of anti-prolactin drug and peppermint on broodiness, laying performance and egg quality in indigenous hens." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 4 (January 23, 2017): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i4.30995.
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The study was conducted to determine the effect of antiprolactin drug (Bromergon®) and Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on broodiness, laying performance and egg quality in indigenous hens. The effect of modulation of prolactin concentration on egg production, sequence length and inter sequence pauses were studied by analyzing the oviposition records. Total sixty indigenous laying hens (30-40 weeks of age), were assigned for treatment with peppermint solution and Bromergon®. Sixty laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) and each group remained 15 hens. Group A was kept for control, Group B was treated with bromocriptine (Bromergon® SANDOZ) orally @ 640 ?g per bird per day, Group C with 50% peppermint solution @ 10 g per bird orally and Group D was with peppermint and Bromergon® combined at previous dose. Over the course of trial, incremental dietary peppermint (Group C) significantly (p?0.05) increased egg production, body weight of treated indigenous hens than other groups. Egg shell percentage, thickness and haugh unit of hens fed diets supplemented with peppermint were greater than that of hens fed the control diet. However, peppermint supplementation did not influence other egg quality characteristics like albumen and yolk percentages and albumen height. The treated birds had comparatively longer sequences and fewer pauses. It is concluded that the physiological pauses occur during ovulatory sequences can be disrupted effectively using Bromergon® and peppermint. Prolactin levels modulated which may interfere with follicular recruitment and subsequent oviposition thereby improves egg laying potential of the indigenous hens.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 547-554
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Xi, Qiu Ping, Xi Sheng Xie, Ling Zhang, Rui Zhang, Yue Fei Xiao, Cheng Gang Jin, Yan Bo Li, Lin Wang, Xiao Xuan Zhang, and Shu Tong Du. "Impact of Different Levels of iPTH on All-Cause Mortality in Dialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism after Parathyroidectomy." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6934706.
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Background. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) usually required parathyroidectomy (PTX) when drugs treatment is invalid. Analysis was done on the impact of different intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) after the PTX on all-cause mortality. Methods. An open, retrospective, multicenter cohort design was conducted. The sample included 525 dialysis patients with SHPT who had undergone PTX. Results. 404 patients conformed to the standard, with 36 (8.91%) deaths during the 11 years of follow-up. One week postoperatively, different levels of serum iPTH were divided into four groups: A: ≤20 pg/mL; B: 21–150 pg/mL; C: 151–600 pg/mL; and D: >600 pg/mL. All-cause mortality in groups with different iPTH levels appeared as follows: A (8.29%), B (3.54%), C (10.91%), and D (29.03%). The all-cause mortality of B was the lowest, with D the highest. We used group A as reference (hazard ratio (HR) = 1) compared with the other groups, and HRs on groups B, C, and D appeared as 0.57, 1.43, and 3.45, respectively. Conclusion. The all-cause mortality was associated with different levels of iPTH after the PTX. We found that iPTH > 600 pg/mL appeared as a factor which increased the risk of all-cause mortality. When iPTH levels were positively and effectively reducing, the risk of all-cause mortality also decreased. The most appropriate level of postoperative iPTH seemed to be 21–150 pg/mL.
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Liu, Yanhong, Lincheng Zhou, Xinping Hui, Zhenwen Dong, Hao Zhu, Yanming Shao, and Yanfeng Li. "Fabrication of magnetic amino-functionalized nanoparticles for S-arylation of heterocyclic thiols." RSC Adv. 4, no. 90 (2014): 48980–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08782h.
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Bagnall, Roger S., and Alan K. Bowman. "Egypt after the Pharaohs, 332 B. C.-A. D. 642: From Alexander to the Arab Conquest." American Journal of Archaeology 91, no. 4 (October 1987): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505301.
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Nakamura, Yuka, Rui Kano, Shinichi Watanabe, and Atsuhiko Hasegawa. "Molecular Analysis of CAP59 Gene Sequences from Five Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 3 (2000): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.3.992-995.2000.
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The nucleotide sequences of CAP59 genes from five serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans were analyzed for their phylogenetic relationships. Approximately 600-bp genomic DNA fragments of the CAP59 gene were amplified from each isolate by PCR and sequenced. The CAP59 nucleotide sequences of C. neoformans showed more than 90% similarity among the five serotypes. By phylogenetic analysis, their sequences were divided into three clusters: serotypes A and AD, serotypes B and C, and serotype D. In addition, the results of reduced amino acid sequences were similar to the nucleotide sequence data. These data revealed that serotype AD was genetically close to serotype A rather than serotype D, although it had been considered to be a mixed type of serotype A and D by serological analysis. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequences of the serotype B and C isolates of C. neoformanswere very similar to each other. These results indicated that serotype B and C isolates belonging to C. neoformans var.gattii were genetically homogeneous and closely related. The molecular analysis of the CAP59 gene will provide useful information for the differentiation of serotypes of C. neoformans and for an understanding of their phylogenetic relationships.
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Mutiah, Roihatul, Yen Yen Ari Indrawijaya, Tanaya Jati Dharma, and Jamilah Damaiyanti. "In Silico Study on the Effect of Heliannuol A, B, C, D, E Compounds of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Dual PI3K/mTOR (5OQ4) Enzyme." Majalah Obat Tradisional 26, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.57411.
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Heliannuol is a sesquiterpene that has a benzoxepine ring, oxepin. Many derivatives of benzoxepine compounds show anticancer activity by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These enzymes play a role in cell proliferation and growth. The study aims to predict the physicochemical properties using Lipinski’s Rule of Five parameters on phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K/Mtor; PDB 5OQ4) enzyme and the toxicity of Heliannuol A, B, C, D, E compounds. The process uses the pkCSM online tool. The validation of receptor 5OQ4 is done using the value parameter RMSD < 2 (Å). Protox online tool dan pkCSM online tool is employed to predict the toxicity using parameter LD50, skin sensitization, Ames toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and toxicity class. The interaction of ligan and enzyme is tested using Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0. Heliannoul A, B, C, D, E compounds fulfill Lipinski’s Rule of Five. The receptor 5OQ4 is known valid using the value of RMSD 0,923 (Å). Heliannuol A, B, C, D, E compounds inhibit Dual PI3K / mTOR enzyme less than Bimiralisib. As a result of the toxicity test of compounds Helliannouls A, B, C, E, and Bimiralisib compounds are included in class 4, while Helliannouls D compounds are included in class 5.
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Waseem, Uzma, Syeda Rizwana Jafri, Sarah Khalid, Fauzia Qureshi, Nadia Majeed, and Ursula Akif. "Anti-inflammatory activity of acacia catechu-bark aqueous solution in aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rodents." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 5649. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214551.
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Background: Aspirin is amongst the most widely used drugs and has many adverse effects on gastric mucosa. Anti-inflammatory properties of Acacia catechu have been established already. Objective was to evaluate the histopathological changes induced by aspirin in the stomach of albino rats and to assess the protective effect of different doses of Acacia catechu.Methods: Experimental study Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore for 21 days. Forty-eight adult albino rats, both males and female, were divided into four groups A, B, C and D randomly; each comprising of 12 rats. Group A was control, group B was given aspirin 100 mg/kg and group C and D were given aspirin 100 mg/kg along with Acacia catechu 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively by oral route. The rats from individual group were sacrificed on 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day and stomachs were examined under light microscope to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.Results: Gross and microscopic findings on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar. Control groups A1, A2 and A3 showed normal healthy gastric mucosa and the least number of inflammatory cells. In group B, aspirin produced ulcerations and linear breaks; with highest inflammatory infiltrates. On microscopic examination, numerous inflammatory cells were noted. Group C and D rats had minimum ulcer index and fewer inflammatory cells.Conclusions: Acacia catechu has protective role against gastric injury by inhibiting inflammation.
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Amadori, D., F. Schittulli, A. Paradiso, E. Scarpi, P. Sismondi, A. Ravaioli, A. Rocca, R. Maltoni, P. Serra, and R. Silvestrini. "Randomized phase III trial of adjuvant epicirubicin (E) followed by cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF followed by E in patients with N- or ≤ 3 N+ rapidly proliferating breast cancer (RPBC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.560.
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560 Background: Antimetabolites are active in proliferating cells, and the adjuvant schedule CMF is highly effective in RPBC, whereas the sequential administration of doxorubicin (D) and CMF is superior to CMF–>D, especially in indolent tumors. In a phase III study, we evaluated whether adjuvant E followed by CMF is superior to the inverse sequence in RPBC. Methods: Patients with N-, T > 1 cm or ≤ 3 N+ and any T RPBC (defined by thymidine labeling index or grade or S-phase or Ki67/MIB1) were randomized to receive E (100 mg/m2 i.v. d 1, q 21 days for 4 cycles) followed by CMF (600, 40, 600 mg/m2 i.v. d 1 and 8, q 28 days for 4 cycles) (arm A) or CMF followed by E (arm B) or CMF (600, 40, 600 mg/m2 i.v. d 1 and 8, q 28 days for 6 cycles) (arm C). Arm C was closed after the EBCTCG 2000 meta-analysis (data not shown). The main endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the study had 80% power to detect a 7% absolute increase in 5-year OS with 400 patients per arm. Results: From November 1997 to December 2004, 1066 patients were enrolled (arms A/B/C: 440/438/188): N- 53%, estrogen receptor positive 63%, grade 3, 77%. At a median follow up of 69 months, 5-year disease-free survival was 80% in both arms (A and B) (p = 0.93, logrank test), with adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.99 (95% CI 0.73–1.33, Cox model), and OS was 91% in arm A and 93% in arm B (p = 0.66, logrank), with AHR 0.88 (95% CI 0.58–1.35, Cox model). Adverse events were similar, apart from a small increase in grade 4 neutropenia in arm B. Conclusions: No relevant differences in clinical outcome were observed with the 2 different sequences. Further subgroup analyses are ongoing to verify the efficacy of each sequence as a function of biomolecular and hormonal profiles. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Febrina, Asti, Andi Maryam, and Khadijah Khadijah. "Karakteristik Brownies dengan Perbedaan Lama Fermentasi Tepung Mocaf sebagai Bahan Subtitusi." JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL 8, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jah.v8i2.6751.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the content of mocaf flour with different fermentation times on the quality of brownies. This study used a completely randomized design method. The samples used were mocaf flour brownies which were then handed over to the panelists, each panelist getting 4 samples of mocaf flour brownies. Sample codes to be given are A (24), B (48), C (72), and D (96). Analysis of mocaf flour brownies, namely water content and protein content. The results of the organoleptic test showed that sample D was the most preferred brownie with a percentage of 6.40 (Aroma), 6.90 (Taste), 6.87 (Texture). The results of the water content test are that the water content in sample A is 10.87%, sample B is 10.67%, sample C is 10.32% and sample D is 9.63%. The difference in fermentation time affects the protein content of mocaf flour. It can be seen from the test results obtained that sample A is 0.19%, sample B is 0.35%, sample C is 0.19% and sample D is 0.12%. It can be seen from the results of the brownie protein content test that the sample A obtained was 2.31%, sample B was 2.78%, sample C was 3.63% and sample D was 4.32%. It can be concluded that there is an effect of mocaf fermentation time on the moisture content and protein content of brownies.
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Park, S. O., J. M. Bokosi, and D. P. Coyne. "Identification of RAPD Markers Linked to Major Gene for Indeterminate Growth Habit using Bulked Segregant Analysis in Common Bean Cross." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 623c—623. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.623c.
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Plant growth habit is an important trait. Our objective was to identify RAPD markers linked to major gene for indeterminate growth habit using bulked segregant analysis in an F2 population from a bean cross Chichara (indeterminate growth habit × PC-50 (determinate growth habit). A total of 132 RAPD primers (600 RAPD primer screened) showed polymorphisms between bulked DNA derived from indeterminate and determinate plants. All markers showed coupling linkage with indeterminate growth habit. RAPD markers of A-8, A-17, C-7, C-15, D-4, D-5, F-6, F-16, G-9, H-3, H-20, and I-7 were 2.2 cM distant from the gene for indeterminate growth habit. Markers of B-7, B-16, B-17, C-8, E-1, F-1, F-20 and H-l9 primers were 4.6 cM distant from the gene for indeterminate growth habit.
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PATRICK EJIKE, Ide, Ugwuanti-nnadi OBİAGELİ, and Eje Brendan EKETE. "Effect of Fermentation on Drying Characteristics of Three Varieties of Trifoliate Yam." Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1093126.
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This study determined the effect of fermentation on drying characteristics of trifoliate yam varieties (white, yellow and deep-yellow trifoliate yam). Thin layer drying method was adopted using oven dry method at constant drying temperature of 700C with air velocity of 2.35 m s-1 and relative humidity 35%. The unfermented samples shoed lower values of drying constant than the fermented samples. The drying constant of unfermented samples of Trifoliate Yam A, B and C (A= Deep-Yellow, B= White, C= Yellow) were -0.729, 1.3972 and 0.2787, respectively. While, the drying constant of fermented samples of Trifoliate Yam D, E and F (D= Deep-Yellow, E= White, F= Yellow) were -0.776,-0.763 and 1.5815, respectively. The drying rate of the samples solely dependent on the magnitude of drying constants sequel to this, fermented samples with larger magnitude of drying constant will dry faster than the unfermented samples with lower drying constant. Best fit equations and relationship between moisture content and drying time were developed with correlation coefficient (R2) higher than 0.94. The sample A, B, C, D, E and F reached a constant moisture ratio of 0.021, 0.015, 0.021, 0.015, 0.014 and 0.016 at drying time of 540, 600, 600, 480, 540 and 540 minutes, respectively. Sample B and C had highest drying time followed by sample A, E and F while sample D had the lowest value of drying time. The fermentation had significant effect on the drying characteristics of trifoliate yam slices and drying of trifoliate yam samples occurred solely in the falling rate period which showed that internal moisture diffusion phenomenon is dominant and controlled the drying process.
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Erfle, J. D., R. M. Teather, P. J. Wood, and J. E. Irvin. "Purification and properties of a 1,3-1,4-β-d-glucanase (lichenase, 1,3-1,4-β-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.73) from Bacteroides succinogenes cloned in Escherichia coli." Biochemical Journal 255, no. 3 (November 1, 1988): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2550833.
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A 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (lichenase, 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.73) from Bacteroides succinogenes cloned in Escherichia coli was purified 600-fold by chromatography on Q-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite. The cloned enzyme hydrolysed lichenin and oat beta-D-glucan but not starch, CM(carboxymethyl)-cellulose, CM-pachyman, laminarin or xylan. The enzyme had a broad pH optimum with maximum activity at approx. pH 6.0 and a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C. The pH of elution from a chromatofocusing column for the cloned enzyme was 4.7 (purified) and 4.9 (crude) compared with 4.8 for the mixed-linkage beta-D-glucanase activity in B. succinogenes. The Mr of the cloned enzyme was estimated to be 37,200 by gel filtration and 35,200 by electrophoresis. The Km values estimated for lichenin and oat beta-D-glucan were 0.35 and 0.71 mg/ml respectively. The major hydrolytic products with lichenin as substrate were a trisaccharide (82%) and a pentasaccharide (9.5%). Hydrolysis of oat beta-D-glucan yielded a trisaccharide (63.5%) and a tetrasaccharide (29.6%) as the major products. The chromatographic patterns of the products from the cloned enzyme appear to be similar to those reported for the mixed-linkage beta-D-glucanase isolated from Bacillus subtilis. The data presented illustrate the similarity in properties of the cloned mixed-linkage enzyme and the 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase from B. subtilis and the similarity with the 1,4-beta-glucanase in B. succinogenes.
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Marokházi, Judit, Katalin Lengyel, Szilvia Pekár, Gabriella Felföldi, András Patthy, László Gráf, András Fodor, and István Venekei. "Comparison of Proteolytic Activities Produced by Entomopathogenic Photorhabdus Bacteria: Strain- and Phase-Dependent Heterogeneity in Composition and Activity of Four Enzymes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (December 2004): 7311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7311-7320.2004.
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ABSTRACT Twenty strains (including eight phase variant pairs) of nematode-symbiotic and insect-pathogenic Photorhabdus bacteria were examined for the production of proteolytic enzymes by using a combination of several methods, including gelatin liquefaction, zymography coupled to native and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and activity measurement with two chromogen substrate types. Four protease activities (∼74, ∼55, ∼54, and ∼37 kDa) could be separated. The N-terminal sequences of three of the proteases were determined, and a comparison with sequences in databases allowed identification of these proteases as HEXXH metallopeptidases. Thus, the 74-kDa protease (described formerly as Php-B [J. Marokházi, G. Kóczán, F. Hudecz, L. Gráf, A. Fodor, and I. Venekei, Biochem. J. 379:633-640, 2004) is an ortholog of OpdA, a member the thimet oligopeptidase family, and the 55-kDa protease is an ortholog of PrtA, a HEXXH+H peptidase in clan MB (metzincins), while the 37-kDa protease (Php-C) belongs to the HEXXH+E peptidases in clan MA. The 54-kDa protease (Php-D) is a nonmetalloenzyme. PrtA and Php-C were zymographically detected, and they occurred in several smaller forms as well. OpdA could not be detected by zymography. PrtA, Php-C, and Php-D were secreted proteases; OpdA, in contrast, was an intracellular enzyme. OpdA activity was found in every strain tested, while Php-D was detected only in the Brecon/1 strain. There was significant strain variation in the secretion of PrtA and Php-C activities, but reduced activity or a lack of activity was not specific to secondary-phase variants. The presence of PrtA, OpdA, and Php-C activities could be detected in the hemolymph of Galleria melonella larvae 20 to 40 h postinfection. These proteases appear not to be directly involved in the pathogenicity of Photorhabdus, since strains or phase variants lacking any of these proteases do not show reduced virulence when they are injected into G. melonella larvae.
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Wu, Tingting, Paul R. Armstrong, and Elizabeth B. Maghirang. "Vis- and NIR-Based Instruments for Detection of Black-Tip Damaged Wheat Kernels: A Comparative Study." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12432.
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Abstract. Black-tip (BT) is a non-mycotoxic fungus that attacks wheat kernels, forming a dark brown or black sooty area at the tip of the kernel. Visual inspection, which is the approved reference method for determining the amount of BT in wheat, requires substantial time and has high potential for subjective evaluation. Three spectrometers covering the spectral ranges 950-1636 nm (Spec1), 600-1045 nm (Spec2), and 380-780 nm (Spec3) were evaluated for their ability to predict the presence of BT. Kernels were quantified into four levels: (A) sound, (B) low black-tip symptoms (BTS), (C) high BTS, and (D) BT damaged (BTD). Discriminant classification models were developed to evaluate combinations of levels. The combinations were (1) levels A, B, C, and D separately; (2) A, B+C, and D; and (3) A+B and C+D. Spectral data for 2,760 kernels obtained from 23 hard red winter (HRW) wheat samples, each comprising 30 kernels that were visually selected for each of the four levels of black-tip severity (A, B, C, and D), were collected with each spectrometer. Discriminant calibration models for each spectrometer and classification category were developed based on (1) three combinations of 17 HRW wheat samples, with the six remaining samples used for independent validation, and (2) combinations of 20 randomly selected kernels from each of the 23 HRW wheat samples as calibration samples, with the remaining ten kernels used as validation samples. Discriminant analysis was based on five wavelengths for each model. Spectra pretreatment was the standard normal variate (SNV). Results showed that all three spectrometers were capable of detecting BT damage on wheat kernels. BT classification accuracy was observed to have been affected by wheat varieties for Spec1 and Spec2 (both with NIR wavelengths) but not for Spec3, which was entirely in the visible region. The two-category classification (A+B, C+D) provided higher accuracy than the three-category (A, B+C, D) and four-category (A, B, C, D) classifications. Based on the percent correct classification and Youden’s index, Spec2 performed better in detecting sound and BTD wheat kernels, with classification accuracies of the best two-category classification calibration model ranging from 85.6% to 87.5%, compared to Spec1 at 74.8% to 78.4% and Spec3 at 76.7% to 79.2%. This study also showed the potential of using a five-wavelength model, which equates to the potential for developing simple, less expensive, high-speed photoelectric detection instruments. These instruments can serve as important tools in plant breeding, grading, or grain processing facilities to enable BT detection and, with proper selection of wavelengths, may also find applications in simultaneous single-kernel detection, measurement, and segregation of other chemical characteristics, such as protein and starch content. Keywords: Black-tip damage, NIR, VIS, Spectroscopy, Wheat. Keywords: Black-tip damage, NIR, VIS, Spectroscopy, Wheat.
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Seshamamba, Burla Sunitha Venkata, Peruri Veera Venkata Satyanarayana, and Chandra Bala Sekaran. "Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Quantification of Solifenacin Succinate: Application to Tablet Dosage Forms." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 15 (September 2013): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.15.167.
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Four sensitive, precise and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of solifenacin succinate (SFS) have been developed. Method A describes the interaction of SFS with potassium permanganate in alkaline medium to give green colored manganate ion with absorption maxima at 610 nm. Methods B and C are based on the formation of ternary complexes of SFS with, copper (II)/eosin (method B) and ammonium molybdate/ammonium thiocyanate (method C), respectively which are extracted into chloroform and have absorption maxima at 545 nm (method B) and 465 nm (method C). Method D was based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complex between bromocresol green and SFS in dichloromethane medium with absorption maxima at 415 nm. Regression analysis of Beer's law plot showed good correlation in the concentration range of 5-50, 2.5-50, 10-100 and 2-20 μg/mL for methods A, B, C and D, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the analysis of SFS in tablets dosage forms. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical excipients.
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Seshamamba, Burla Sunitha Venkata, Peruri Veera Venkata Satyanarayana, and Chandra Bala Sekaran. "Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Quantification of Solifenacin Succinate: Application to Tablet Dosage Forms." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 15 (June 29, 2013): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-0t227j.
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Four sensitive, precise and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of solifenacin succinate (SFS) have been developed. Method A describes the interaction of SFS with potassium permanganate in alkaline medium to give green colored manganate ion with absorption maxima at 610 nm. Methods B and C are based on the formation of ternary complexes of SFS with, copper (II)/eosin (method B) and ammonium molybdate/ammonium thiocyanate (method C), respectively which are extracted into chloroform and have absorption maxima at 545 nm (method B) and 465 nm (method C). Method D was based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complex between bromocresol green and SFS in dichloromethane medium with absorption maxima at 415 nm. Regression analysis of Beer's law plot showed good correlation in the concentration range of 5-50, 2.5-50, 10-100 and 2-20 μg/mL for methods A, B, C and D, respectively. Different variables affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the analysis of SFS in tablets dosage forms. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical excipients.
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Larouche, Jennifer, Marie-Hélène Deschamps, Linda Saucier, Yolaine Lebeuf, Alain Doyen, and Grant W. Vandenberg. "Effects of Killing Methods on Lipid Oxidation, Colour and Microbial Load of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae." Animals 9, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040182.
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Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae represent a promising alternative ingredient for animal feed. Post-production processing can, however, affect their quality. This project aimed to optimize larval killing by comparing the effects on the nutritional and microbiological quality of 10 methods, i.e., blanching (B = 40 s), desiccation (D = 60 °C, 30 min), freezing (F20 = −20 °C, 1 h; F40 = −40 °C, 1 h; N = liquid nitrogen, 40 s), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP = 3 min, 600 MPa), grinding (G = 2 min) and asphyxiation (CO2 = 120 h; N2 = 144 h; vacuum conditioning, V = 120 h). Some methods affected the pH (B, asphyxiation), total moisture (B, asphyxiation and D) and ash contents (B, p < 0.001). The lipid content (asphyxiation) and their oxidation levels (B, asphyxiation and D) were also affected (p < 0.001). Killing methods altered the larvae colour during freeze-drying and in the final product. Blanching appears to be the most appropriate strategy since it minimizes lipid oxidation (primary = 4.6 ± 0.7 mg cumen hydroperoxide (CHP) equivalents/kg; secondary = 1.0 ± 0.1 mg malondialdehyde/kg), reduces microbial contamination and initiates dehydration (water content = 78.1 ± 1.0%). We propose herein, an optimized protocol to kill BSF that meet the Canadian regulatory requirements of the insect production and processing industry.
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Ghimire, Monika, Art Stoecker, Tracy A. Boyer, Hiren Bhavsar, and Jeffrey Vitale. "An Integration of GIS and Simulation Models for a Cost Benefit Analysis of Irrigation Development." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 4 (September 23, 2016): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p58.
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<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">This study incorporates spatially explicit geographic information system and simulation models to develop an optimal irrigation system. The purpose of the optimized irrigation system was to save depleted ground water supplies. ArcGIS was used to calculate the area of potential irrigable soils, and EPANET (a hydrological simulation program) was used to calculate energy costs. Crop yield response functions were used to estimate the yield of cotton to the amount of irrigation and the accumulation of soil salinity over a 50-year period. Four irrigation designs (A, B, C, and D) were analyzed with different irrigation schedules.</span></p><p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">Design A allowed all producers to irrigate simultaneously at 600 gallons per minute (gpm) or 2,271 liters per minute (lpm) while designs B and C divided the irrigable areas into two parts. Design D divided the areas into four parts to allow producers to irrigate one part at a time at 800 gpm (3,028 lpm). Irrigation scheduling not only lessened the water use and cost, but also amplified the profitability of the irrigation system. In design A, if all producers adopted 600 gpm (2,271 lpm) pivots and operated simultaneously, the cost of the 360,000 gpm (1363,000 lpm) pipeline would be prohibitive. In contrast, designs B, C, and D increased net benefits and lowered the breakeven price of cotton. The 50-year net present value for designs A, B, C, and D was profitable over 75, 70, 70, and 65 cents of cotton price per pound (454 g), respectively. Thus, this study endorses irrigation scheduling as a tool for efficient irrigation development and management, and increases water conservation.</span></p>
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Roomi, MW, T. Kalinovsky, V. Ivanov, M. Rath, and A. Niedzwiecki. "A nutrient mixture prevents acetaminophen hepatic and renal toxicity in ICR mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 3 (March 2008): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327108090276.
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Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is often fatal, leading to fulminant hepatic and renal tubular necrosis in humans and animals. We studied the effect of a nutrient mixture (NM) containing, among other nutrients, lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and green tea extract, which has previously been demonstrated to exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties on APAP-induced hepatic and renal damage in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice. Seven-week-old male ICR mice were divided into four groups (A–D) of five animals each. Groups A and C mice were fed a regular diet for 2 weeks, while groups B and D mice were supplemented with 0.5% NM (w/w) during that period. Groups A and B received saline i.p., while groups C and D received APAP (600 mg/kg) i.p. All animals were killed 24 h after APAP administration, serum was collected to assess the liver and kidney functions, and the livers and kidneys were excised for histology. Mean serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratios were comparable in groups A and B, increased markedly in group C and significantly lower in group D compared with group C. APAP caused significant centrilobular necrosis and glomerular damage in unsupplemented animals, while NM prevented these alterations. The results indicate that NM has potential to protect against APAP-induced liver and kidney damage.
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Paetzold, Peter, Jutta Kiesgen, Karl Krahé, Hans-Ulrich Meier, and Roland Boese. "Ringerweiterungs- und -verengungsreaktionen bei BN-Vier- und -Sechsringen / Expansion and Contraction Reactions with BN Four- and Six-Membered Rings." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0703.
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By the addition of iminoboranes RB≡NR′ (1a—d) to the corresponding diazadiboretidines (RBNR′)2 (2a—d), a ring expansion is observed, borazines (RBNR′)3 (3a—d) being formed. The particular iminoborane iPrB≡NiPr (la) can be added to the diazadiboretidines 2c—g to give borazines B3N3R2R′2iPr2 with an unsymmetrical set of ligands. From PhB=NtBu (1j) and (PhBNtBu)2 (2j), the Dewar borazine 3j′ is formed, which crystallizes in the space group P2,/c. The diazadiboretidines 2b—i, the borazines 3b—d,f, and the Dewar borazine 3e′ are split into the corresponding iminoboranes RB≡NtBu at 500-600 °C in the gas phase. The molten borazines 3b—d,f and Dewar borazines 3e′, j′ are contracted to the corresponding diazadiboretidines 2b—f, j at 160-320 °C. [Ligands R/R′: iPr/iPr (a), Me/tBu (b), Et/tBu (c), Pr/tBu (d), ¡Pr/ tBu (e), Bu/tBu (f), iBu/tBu (g), tBu/tBu (h), tBu(Me3Si)N/tBu (i), Ph/tBu (j).]
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Denisenko, Yuriy G., Victor V. Atuchin, Maxim S. Molokeev, Alexander E. Sedykh, Nikolay A. Khritokhin, Aleksandr S. Aleksandrovsky, Aleksandr S. Oreshonkov, et al. "Exploration of the Crystal Structure and Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Monoclinic Praseodymium Sulfate Pr2(SO4)3." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 3966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27133966.
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Praseodymium sulfate was obtained by the precipitation method and the crystal structure was determined by Rietveld analysis. Pr2(SO4)3 is crystallized in the monoclinic structure, space group C2/c, with cell parameters a = 21.6052 (4), b = 6.7237 (1) and c = 6.9777 (1) Å, β = 107.9148 (7)°, Z = 4, V = 964.48 (3) Å3 (T = 150 °C). The thermal expansion of Pr2(SO4)3 is strongly anisotropic. As was obtained by XRD measurements, all cell parameters are increased on heating. However, due to a strong increase of the monoclinic angle β, there is a direction of negative thermal expansion. In the argon atmosphere, Pr2(SO4)3 is stable in the temperature range of T = 30–870 °C. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition process of praseodymium sulfate octahydrate Pr2(SO4)3·8H2O was studied as well. The vibrational properties of Pr2(SO4)3 were examined by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy methods. The band gap structure of Pr2(SO4)3 was evaluated by ab initio calculations, and it was found that the valence band top is dominated by the p electrons of oxygen ions, while the conduction band bottom is formed by the d electrons of Pr3+ ions. The exact position of ZPL is determined via PL and PLE spectra at 77 K to be at 481 nm, and that enabled a correct assignment of luminescent bands. The maximum luminescent band in Pr2(SO4)3 belongs to the 3P0 → 3F2 transition at 640 nm.
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Lay, Donald C., and Stacey A. Enneking. "PSV-9 Exploring the use of sodium nitrite as a humane method for mass euthanasia of poultry." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.415.
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Abstract When disease outbreaks that threaten the poultry industry require mass euthanasia, it is imperative to ensure humane methods of euthanasia. Current methods are not practical on a large scale. Sodium nitrite ingested at high concentrations prevents the transport of oxygen in the blood and thereby renders the animal unconscious and then dead. Laying hens (n=8 per treatment, 18 wk of age) were subjected to 1 of 4 treatments: A, 75 mg/kg BW; B, 150 mg/kg BW; C, 300 mg/kg BW; or D, 600 mg/kg BW of sodium nitrite in feed. Behavior was recorded via direct observation and video recording. The D hens spent more time lying/sitting, less time standing, and more time inactive alert then C hens (P < 0.03), but not A and B hens. However, A, B, and C hens spent more time standing compared to lying/sitting (P < 0.01), whereas D hens spent equal time in both behaviors. The D hens spent less time eating and drinking, and had fewer drinking events compared to the A, B, and C hens (P < 0.04). Only 1 hen, a D hen, died. She stopped eating 1 min after eating, was lying on her side by 2 min, had total loss of posture and feather erection at 2.5 min, and tremors and wing flapping 5 s later, with subsequent (1 s later) lack of palpebral reflex. The greatest dose of sodium nitrite caused hens to be lethargic and eat and drink less. This could be due to sedation and aversion to the taste of sodium nitrite. The hen that died did so in an apparently humane manner; however, with only 1 hen dying it is not possible to say if sodium nitrite is a humane method of euthanasia and future research should investigate feeding in an encapsulated form.
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Papaldo, Paola, Massimo Lopez, Enrico Cortesi, Eugenio Cammilluzzi, Mauro Antimi, Edmondo Terzoli, Giuseppe Lepidini, et al. "Addition of Either Lonidamine or Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Does Not Improve Survival in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With High-Dose Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2003): 3462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.03.034.
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Purpose: Lonidamine (LND) can enhance the activity of anthracyclines in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial was designed to determine whether the association of LND with high-dose epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC) could improve disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with early breast cancer (BC) compared with EC alone. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was added to maintain the EC dose-intensity. Patients and Methods: From October 1991 to April 1994, 506 patients with stage I/II BC were randomly assigned to four groups: (A) epirubicin 120 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 administered intravenously on day 1 every 21 days for four cycles (124 patients); (B) EC plus LND 450 mg/d administered orally (125 patients); (C) EC plus G-CSF administered subcutaneously (129 patients); (D) EC plus LND plus G-CSF (128 patients). Results: Median follow-up was 55 months. Five-year DFS rate was similar for LND (B+D groups; 69.6%) versus non-LND arms (A+C groups; 70.3%) and G-CSF (C+D groups; 67.2%) versus non–G-CSF arms (A+B groups; 72.9%). Five-year overall survival (OS) was comparable in LND (79.1%) versus non-LND arms (81.3%) and in G-CSF (80.6%) versus non–G-CSF arms (79.6%). DFS and OS distributions in LND and G-CSF arms did not change according to tumor size, node, receptor, and menopausal status. G-CSF dramatically reduced hematologic toxicity without having a significant impact on dose-intensity (98.1% v 95.5% for C+D and A+B groups, respectively). Conclusion: EC is active and well tolerated in patients with early breast cancer. The addition of LND or G-CSF does not improve DFS or OS.
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Pimentel, Breno Pontes, and Andréa Teresa Riccio Barbosa. "ETIQUETAGEM ENÉRGÉTICA DE UMA EDIFICAÇÃO MILITAR PELAS METODOLOGIAS DOS REGULAMENTOS BRASILEIROS RTQ-C E INI-C." Revista Gestão & Sustentabilidade Ambiental 9 (May 29, 2020): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/rgsa.v9e02020631-647.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é etiquetar o Projeto de um Pavilhão do Exército Brasileiro (EB) localizado em Campo Grande, MS, por meio da nova Instrução Normativa INMETRO para Classe de Eficiência Energética de Edificações Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicas (INI-C), que substituirá o Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para o Nível da Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos (RTQ-C). O Projeto dessa edificação obtinha ENCE (Etiqueta Nacional de Conservação de Energia) Geral Nível “A” segundo RTQ-C. Pela INI-C, obteve-se ENCE Geral de Projeto Classe “A” e houve melhoramento da ENCE Parcial da Envoltória do Lado Leste do Pavilhão, de Nível “B” segundo o RTQ-C para Classe “A” segundo a INI-C. As demais ENCE Parciais se mantiveram as mesmas pelos dois métodos. No quesito “Aquecimento de Água”, o qual era analisado apenas para “Bonificações” no RTQ-C, segundo INI-C obteve-se ENCE Parcial Classe “D”. Compararam-se os regulamentos, concluindo-se que a metodologia Simplificada da INI-C é mais completa que a Prescritiva do RTQ-C, uma vez que começou a ser utilizada uma rede neural artificial para o cálculo da carga térmica anual e do consumo energético da edificação, o que antes era feito por índices de consumo, sem significado físico.
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Sidana, Shivani, Mohammad Ashraf Ganie, and Moomin Hussain Bhat. "PSAT173 Evaluation of efficacy and safety of different doses of cholecalciferol supplementation in healthy adults- a single blind randomized control trial." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.411.
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Abstract Background Vitamin-D (VD) has been shown to be associated various skeletal and non-skeletal benefits. Despite synthesis in the body, 70-80% of population has been found to be VD deficient, due to poor sunlight exposure, increasing environmental pollution, indoor habits etc. Institute of medicine recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 600 IU/day, while Endocrine society recommends a daily intake of 1500-2000 IU/day for age group 19-70 years. In the absence of mandatory food fortification with VD, supplementation is an effective alternate strategy to mitigate the issue of VD deficiency. Optimal supplementation dose for achieving and maintaining sufficient VD levels in Indian adults is still not known. Aim To evaluate optimal dose of oral cholecalciferol supplementation to achieve and maintain serum hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] sufficiency in Indian adults. Methodology In this single center blinded randomized control study, a total of 168 healthy subjects age (18-60 years) were randomized in four groups (A, B, C and D). Subjects were supplemented with 600, 1000, 2000 IU/day and 60,000 IU/month of cholecalciferol to group A, B, C and D in two phases, winter phase and summer phase of three months each with a washout period of three months in between. Serum 25(OH)D, iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels and urine calcium/creatinine ratio was assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 36 weeks. Results The mean increase in serum 25(OH)D following supplementation was 21.67±6.54, 32.50±7.33 and 27.72±5.64 ng/ml after three months, 25.96±7.95, 31.52±8.95, 48.05±9.88 and 40.73±12.96 ng/ml after six months of supplementation in group A, B, C and D respectively, with 9.1%, 16.2%, 50% and 39.5% of subjects achieved levels of >30ng/ml after three months and 27.3%, 59.5%, 93.8% and 76.3% after six month of VD supplementation in group A, B, C and D respectively. Supplementation with VD at various doses raised serum 25(OH)D levels in a dose dependent manner, with an average rate constant of 1.79±0.79 ng/ml/100IU/day. Higher BMI and baseline serum 25(OH)D levels negatively associated with gain in serum VD levels. Overall, secondary hyperparathyroidism decreased from 29.3 to 8·6% post-supplementation. No significant difference in urinary Ca/Cr ratio between baseline and post supplementation was noted. Conclusion In accordance with the level of treatment, various oral cholecalciferol regimens improved serum 25(OH)D levels in all the subjects, but the 2000 IU/day achieved the best results while being safe. Daily supplementation with 2000 IU of oral cholecalciferol does meet the RDA requirement of achieving serum 25(OH)D of >30ng/ml in 94% subjects. Whether RDA of 600 IU/day, recommended by IOM is sufficient to combat VD deficiency in our population, is debatable. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
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Vardiman, Arnold B., David J. Wallace, Grant A. Booher, Neil R. Crawford, Jessica R. Riggleman, Samantha L. Greeley, and Charles G. Ledonio. "Does the accuracy of pedicle screw placement differ between the attending surgeon and resident in navigated robotic-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery?" Journal of Robotic Surgery 14, no. 4 (September 21, 2019): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11701-019-01019-9.
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Abstract Robotic assistance with integrated navigation is an area of high interest for improving the accuracy of minimally invasive pedicle screw placement. This study analyzes the accuracy of pedicle screw placement between an attending spine surgeon and a resident by comparing the left and right sides of the first 101 consecutive cases using navigated robotic assistance in a private practice clinical setting. A retrospective, Institutional Review Board-exempt review of the first 106 navigated robot-assisted spine surgery cases was performed. One attending spine surgeon and one resident performed pedicle screw placement consistently on either the left or right side (researchers were blinded). A CT-based Gertzbein and Robbins system (GRS) was used to classify pedicle screw accuracy, with grade A or B considered accurate. There were 630 consecutive lumbosacral pedicle screws placed. Thirty screws (5 patients) were placed without the robot due to surgeon discretion. Of the 600 pedicle screws inserted by navigated robotic guidance (101 patients), only 1.5% (9/600) were repositioned intraoperatively. Based on the GRS CT-based grading of pedicle breach, 98.67% (296/300) of left-side screws were graded A or B, 1.3% (4/300) were graded C, and 0% (0/300) were graded D. For the right-side screws, 97.67% (293/300) were graded A or B, 1.67% (5/300) were graded C, and 0.66% (2/300) were graded D. This study demonstrated a high level of accuracy (based on GRS) with no significant differences between the left- and right-side pedicle screw placements (98.67% vs. 97.67%, respectively) in the clinical use of navigated, robot-assisted surgery.
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Huyton, Trevor, and David I. Roper. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of VanA from Enterococcus faecium BM4147: towards the molecular basis of bacterial resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444999007155.
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A recombinant form of Enterococcus facieum BM4147 D-alanine-D-lactate ligase (VanA) has been prepared and crystallized. VanA was found to crystallize only in the presence of a phosphinate inhibitor analogue of D-alanine-D-alanine. The crystals grow in 40–45% ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M 3-(N-morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid pH 6.0 and reach dimensions of 0.4 × 0.2 × 0.1 mm. The crystals diffract to at least 2.5 Å and are in the centred orthorhombic space group C2221, with unit-cell dimensions a = 123.2, b = 225.4, c = 72.4 Å.
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Obama, Kazutaka, Hiroshi Okabe, Shigeru Tsunoda, Shigeo Hisamori, Eiji Tanaka, and Yoshiharu Sakai. "Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein Level After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: From a Viewpoint of Intra-Abdominal Complications." International Surgery 100, no. 9-10 (September 1, 2015): 1332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00007.1.
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In this retrospective study, we investigated whether postoperative intra-abdominal infectious complications (IIC) after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) is predictable in an early postoperative period using C-reactive protein (CRP). Intra-abdominal infectious complication after gastrectomy is caused mainly by anastomotic leakage or pancreatic injury associated with peripancreatic lymph node (LN) dissection, which may sometimes result in serious outcomes. C-reactive protein is widely used to evaluate the inflammatory status. However, the relationship between the CRP level and postoperative IIC following LG remains unclear. White blood cell count (WBC), CRP counts, and clinical data were available for 229 consecutive patients undergoing LG with lymphadenectomy. We compared CRP and WBC between patients with (Group A) and without (Group B) IIC to check whether these could be used to predict IIC in an early postoperative period. Using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated. On postoperative day 1 (POD1), increased CRP levels were associated with IIC (Group A: 9.6 mg/dL, Group B: 6.0 mg/dL; P = 0.000048), while WBC did not differ significantly. On POD3, the difference in CRP between both groups increased (A: 20.2 mg/dL, B: 10.7 mg/dL; P = 1.6 × 10−8). The optimal cutoff value was 14.9 mg/dL on POD3 (sensitivity: 0.79, specificity: 0.78), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.86. Measurements of CRP on POD1 and 3 are helpful for detecting possible IIC after LG, compared with WBC. It is necessary to pay attention to CRP levels for earlier detection of IIC.
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MENDES-CAMPOS, LUIZ EDUARDO, and CLARISSA MARINA BIAGIONI. "Efeito broncodilatador do salbutamol inalado através de espaçadores com e sem tratamento antiestático." Jornal de Pneumologia 27, no. 5 (September 2001): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-35862001000500004.
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Objetivos: Comparar o efeito broncodilatador do salbutamol inalado através de aerossol dosimetrado acoplado a espaçadores com e sem tratamento antiestático prévio. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, aleatório, aberto e cruzado, no Ambulatório de Pneumologia do Hospital Júlia Kubitschek-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Onze pacientes com asma estável leve a moderada foram submetidos a quatro testes de inalação com 100mig de salbutamol: A) boca aberta, B) espaçador de pequeno volume (50ml) sem tratamento antiestático prévio, C) espaçador de pequeno volume (50ml) com tratamento antiestático prévio e D) espaçador de grande volume (750ml) Fisonair<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ò</FONT> com tratamento antiestático prévio. O tratamento antiestático consistiu em mergulhar o espaçador em uma solução de água e detergente por dez minutos e deixá-lo secar livremente, sem enxágüe. O principal parâmetro de avaliação foi a variação do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), 15 minutos após cada teste, em valores absolutos, % do previsto e % do basal. Resultados: A mediana (mín.-máx.) de variação absoluta do PFE foi de 25 (5-85), 40 (0-70), 70 (25-83) e 60 (15-90) l/min para os testes A, B, C e D, respectivamente. A mediana de variação do PFE % do basal foi de 7,6, 11,0, 15,0 e 13,3, e a mediana de variação do PFE % do previsto foi de 6,0, 8,7, 12,7 e 10,7 para os testes A, B, C e D, respectivamente. Os resultados dos testes C e D foram significativamente superiores aos dos testes A e B (p < 0,01) nos três métodos analisados. Não houve diferença significativa entre os resultados dos testes C e D. Conclusão: O tratamento antiestático de um espaçador de pequeno volume com solução de água e detergente pode aumentar o efeito antiasmático de drogas inaladas através de aerossol dosimetrado, como ocorreu com o salbutamol neste estudo. Tal fato pode tornar-se ainda mais relevante no tratamento da asma com corticóide inalatório.
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Sanguino, A. M., A. Y. Bedikian, S. S. Legha, M. A. Detry, N. E. Papadopoulos, P. Hwu, W. Hwu, and K. B. Kim. "Long-term clinical results of the combination of cisplatin (C), vinblastine (V), DTIC (D) and interferon-alfa (I) with or without tamoxifen (T) for metastatic melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 8039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8039.
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8039 Background: According to 2001 AJCC data, 1-yr, 2-yr, 5-yr, and 10-yr survival of melanoma patients (pts) with stage M1c were 40.6%, 23.6%, 9.5% and 6.0%, respectively. Previously, we reported the interim results of a randomized phase II trial comparing the response rates (RR) of CVDI vs. CVDI +T. Here we report long-term survival results of these pts. Methods: Chemo-naïve pts between 16 and 75 yrs of age, with histologically documented diagnosis of advanced melanoma and without symptomatic brain metastasis, were randomized to receive either CVDI (group A) or CVDI+T (group B). The dose of each drug is as follows: C 15 mg/m2 IV (d 2–5), V 1.2 mg/m2 IV (d 1–5), D 600 mg/m2 IV (d 1), I 5 MU/m2 SQ 3 times a wk and T 20 mg twice a day. The treatment was administered every 3–4 wks. After the interim analysis, the arm with a higher RR was selected for an expansion cohort (group C). The primary endpoint was the RR of CVDI regimen with or without T. The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS) evaluation. Results: A total of 104 pts were enrolled, among which 36 and 34 were randomized to group A and B, respectively. After interim analysis of 70 pts, the CVDI regimen was selected for group C. There were no significant differences in both RR (p= 0.126) and OS (p= 0.095) between group A and B. When all 104 pt data were combined, the overall response rate (ORR) was 37.5% with a complete response rate (CRR) of 8.7% and the median survival of 10.4 months. One-yr, 2-yr, 5-yr, and 10-yr OS were 43%, 20%, 7% and 4%, respectively. Conclusions: Although the combination of CVDI with or without T is an active regimen for treatment for metastatic melanoma, long-term survival of pts receiving this regimen is similar to historical controls. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Matusiewicz, P., and A. Czarski. "Spatial Distribution of Cementite Particles in Fe-0.67% C Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2013-0049.
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The particles arrangement in material space is represented by point field determined by the particle reference points, i.e., particle centers which can be described by the pair-correlation function (PCF) g3(r); r - correlation distance. Information about g3(r) can be obtained by stereological method based on the PCF g2(r), which describes the point field on the planar section determined by the centers of particle planar sections. In this paper the arrangement of cementite (Fe3C) particles during coarsening in Fe - 0,67%C steel at 715ºC in a form of two materials (A, B) of different microstructure of the coarse spheroidite (with different matrix grain size and particles position) was investigated. In material A, the particles are mainly at grain (subgrain) boundaries of fine-grained matrix. In material B, particles are mainly inside grains of coarse-grained ferrite. For material A, the empirical PCF g2(r) for a long time of coarsening (600 hours) is shifted towards larger r and is more flat near the g2(r) =1 than the one of coarsening for 50 hours. For material B, the g2(r) for both annealing times are not significantly different. This is consistent with the results of the probability density function f2(d) analysis for diameter (d) of the particle sections. Obtained PCF g2(r) are similar to the PCF g2(r) for planar section of the Stienen model. This means that for both type of microstructures the PCF - g3(r) =1, i.e., particles are distributed randomly in space and the sizes of the neighboring particles are correlated with each other.
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Prakash, Satya, Dibyajyoti Sahoo, Debasish Mishra, Sumansudha Routray, Gopal Krushna Ray, Pankaj Kumar Das, and Somnath Mukherjee. "Association of transfusion transmitted infections with ABO and Rh D blood group system in healthy blood donors: a retrospective analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204743.
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Background: Transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) involves several adverse consequences. Studies have shown that ABO blood groups have some association with various infectious and non-infectious diseases. Few blood groups even can act as a receptor and ligand for infectious agents. The objective of the study was to find out any significant association of TTIs with various ABO and Rh D blood group system.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from July 2016 to October 2018. Blood donors’ blood was tested for ABO and Rh D grouping and five mandatory TTI markers as per Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Chi-square test was performed to look for any association of TTIs with ABO and Rh D blood group.Results: 10,510 healthy donors were screened for TTI and 199 (1.89%) were positive for various TTIs. Hepatitis B had maximum prevalence (102 cases, 0.97%) followed by Hepatitis C (44 cases, 0.41%) and HIV (37 cases, 0.35%). Maximum TTI seroreactive donors were found among ‘B’ blood group (2.21%, 77 cases) followed group ‘A’ donors (2.16%, 53 cases), ‘O’ donors (1.57%, 60 cases) and ‘AB’ donors (1.17%, 9 cases), respectively. However, the risk of association of TTI was not statistically significant with ABO and Rh D blood group.Conclusions: Although no significant association was observed between ABO and Rh D blood groups with TTIs, Hepatitis B was found to be most common infection in blood donors. This high prevalence points towards critical need of comprehensive public health approach to achieve elimination of TTI.
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Marwaha, Raman K., Mahendra K. Garg, Gomathy Sethuraman, Nandita Gupta, Ambrish Mithal, Navin Dang, Mani Kalaivani, et al. "Impact of three different daily doses of vitamin D3supplementation in healthy schoolchildren and adolescents from North India: a single-blind prospective randomised clinical trial." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 5 (January 29, 2019): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518003690.
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AbstractIn India, there is a lack of information about the adequate daily dose of vitamin D3supplementation in school children. Hence, we undertook this study to evaluate the adequacy and efficacy of different doses of vitamin D3in schoolchildren. A total of 1008 vitamin D-deficient (VDD) children, aged 6–16 years with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <50nmol/l, were cluster randomised into three groups (A-344, B-341 and C-232) for supplementation (600, 1000 and 2000 IU daily) of vitamin D3under supervision for 6 months. Of the 1008 subjects who completed the study, 938 (93 %) were compliant. Baseline and post-supplementation fasting blood and urine samples were evaluated for Ca, phosphates, alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH)D and parathormone and urine Ca:creatinine ratio. The mean age of the subjects was 11·7 (sd2·4) years, and the overall mean baseline serum 25(OH)D level was 24·3 (SD9·5)nmol/l. Post-supplementation rise in serum 25(OH)D in compliant group was maximum with 2000 IU (70·0 (SD30·0)nmol/l), followed by 1000 IU (46·8 (SD22·5)nmol/l) and 600 IU (36·5 (SD18·5)nmol/l), and serum 25(OH)D levels of ≥50nmol/l were achieved in 71·5, 81·8 and 92·9 % by groups A, B and C, respectively. Secondary hyperparathyroidism decreased from 31·7 to 8·4 % post-supplementation. Two participants developed hypercalciuria, but none developed hypercalcaemia. Children with VDD benefit maximum with the daily supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D3. Whether recommendations of 400 IU/d by Indian Council of Medical Research or 600 IU by Indian Academy of Pediatrics or Institute of Medicine would suffice to achieve vitamin D sufficiency in children with VDD remains debatable.
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Jadczyk, Tomasz, Jiri Wolf, Martin Pesl, Filip Soucek, Frantisek Lehar, Jiri Jez, Tomas Kulik, et al. "Reduced Radiation Exposure Protocol during Computer Tomography of the Left Atrium Prior to Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation." Diagnostics 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030612.
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(1) Background: Computer tomography (CT) is an imaging modality used in the pre-planning of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) procedure in patients with cardiac arrhythmias. However, it is associated with a considerable ionizing radiation dose for patients. This study aims to develop and validate low-dose CT scanning protocols of the left atrium (LA) for RFA guidance. (2) Methods: 68 patients scheduled for RFA of atrial fibrillation were sequentially assigned to four groups of ECG-gated scanning protocols, based on the set tube current (TC): Group A (n = 20, TC = 33 mAs), Group B (n = 18, TC = 67 mAs), Group C (n = 10, TC = 135 mAs), and control Group D (n = 20, TC = 600 mAs). We used a 256-row multidetector CT with body weight-dependent tube voltage of 80 kVp (<70 kg), 100 kVp (70–90 kg), and 120 kVp (>90 kg). We evaluated scanning parameters including radiation dose, total scanning procedure time and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). (3) Results: The average effective radiation dose (ED) was lower in Group A in comparison to Group B, C and D (0.83 (0.76–1.10), 1.55 (1.36–1.67), 2.91 (2.32–2.96) and 9.35 (8.00–10.04) mSv, p < 0.05). The total amount of contrast media was not significantly different between groups. The mean SNR was 6.5 (5.8–7.3), 7.1 (5.7–8.2), 10.8 (10.1–11.3), and 12.2 (9.9–15.7) for Group A, B, C and D, respectively. The comparisons of SNR in group A vs. B and C vs. D were without significant differences. (4) Conclusions: Optimized pre-ablation CT scanning protocols of the LA can reduce an average ED by 88.7%. Three dimensional (3D) models created with the lowest radiation protocol are useful for the integration of electro-anatomic-guided RFA procedures.
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Bott, Raymond C., Graham A. Bowmaker, Robbie W. Buckley, Peter C. Healy, and M. C. Senake Perera. "Synthesis, Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of 1 : 1 Complexes of Gold(I) Halides with Trimesitylphosphine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 3 (2000): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99165.
Full textAbstract:
Monomeric two-coordinate gold(I) complexes, [Au(P(mes)3)X] (P(mes)3 = tris(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)phosphine, X = Cl, Br and I), have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations, far-infrared spectroscopy and solution and solid-state CPMAS 31 P n.m.r. spectroscopy. X-Ray structure determinations show that crystals obtained from solutions of [NBu4] [AuX2] and P(mes)3 in acetonitrile for X = Cl, Br and I and in dimethylformamide (dmf) for X = Br and I form an isomorphous series of complexes, crystallizing in space group P21/c with a ª 8, b ª 22, c ª 13 Å, b ª 98˚ (a form). Crystallization of the chloride from dimethylformamide yields the solvated complex [Au(P(mes)3)X]·(dmf) in space group P2/a with a 15.224(2), b 10.070(1), c 18.210(4) Å, b 100.42(2)˚. Electrochemical synthesis of the complexes for X = Cl and Br yield two new crystalline phases; the chloride in space group P21/c with a 10.249(2), b 8.189(2), c 31.844(3) Å, b 91.68(1)˚ (b form) and the bromide in space group Pbca with a 19.208(4), b 15.586(3), c 16.962(4) Å ( g form). The Au–P bond lengths increase in the order Cl < Br < I with distances c. 0.02–0.03 Å longer than average values for other [Au(PR3)X] complexes, reflecting steric congestion by the P(mes)3 ligand. For the unsolvated complexes, the Au–X distances are c. 0.02 Å shorter than average values. For the Cl/dmf solvate, both Au–P and Au–X bond lengths increase. For the a complexes, far-infrared spectra show n(Au 35,37 Cl) 336, 329 cm –1 , n(AuBr) 234 cm –1 and n(AuI) 195 cm –1 and solid-state 31 P CPMAS n.m.r. spectra yield broad peaks with d–3.9 (Cl), –0.6 (Br) and +6.0 I). For the Cl/dmf solvate, n(Au 35,37 Cl) are 334, 327 cm –1 and d is –4.4. Solution 31 P n.m.r. spectra in CDCl3 give sharp single peaks at d –5.0 (Cl), –1.4 (Br) and +5.5 (I) with the similarity of the values with those for the solid-state spectra consistent with similar conformational structures for the [Au(P(mes)3)X] molecules in the two states.
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Drullinsky, P., M. N. Fornier, S. Sugarman, G. D'Andrea, T. Troso-Sandoval, A. D. Seidman, J. Yuan, S. Patil, L. Norton, and C. Hudis. "Dose-dense (DD) cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) at 14-day intervals: A pilot study of every 14- and 10–11-day dosing intervals for women with early-stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.590.
Full textAbstract:
590 Background: CMF (C 600 mg/m2, M 40 mg/m2, F 600 mg/m2) is an option for adjuvant therapy for patients with low risk early stage breast cancer. DD regimens as predicted by mathematical models of cancer growth and treatment response are superior. We previously demonstrated the safety of DD EC (epirubicin/cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel at 10–11 day (d) intervals. We investigated the feasibility of administering DD adjuvant CMF every 14 d and then every 10–11 d in a 2-stage phase II trial. Methods: An initial cohort (A) was treated q 14 d with PEG-filgrastim (Neulasta) support. A second cohort (B) was treated every 10–11 d with filgrastim/Neupogen x 5 d and then, based on feasibility, modified (cohort C) to use 7 d filgrastim. The primary end point was feasibility defined as having ANC > 1.5 x 103/uL on day 1 of planned treatment for all 8 cycles with no grade 3 or higher non-hematologic toxicity. All three cohorts were tested using a Simon's two-stage optimal design with type I and type II errors set at 10%. This design would effectively discriminate between true tolerability (as protocol-defined) rates of< 60% and> 80%. Cohort A: 38 pts with early stage breast cancer were accrued from 3/2008 though 6/2008. Cohort B: 7 pts were accrued from June 2008 through August 2008. Cohort C: Is still open with 16 pts accrued from August 2008 through December 5, 2008. Results: Median age 51: range 38 to 78. Cohort A: 29/38 pts completed 8 cycles of CMF. The regimen was considered feasible. 2 other pts completed 7 cycles and were withdrawn for depression and grade 2 transaminitis. The 7 other pts completed between 1 and 6 cycles of CMF were withdrawn as follows: 3 personal, 1 (grade 3) bone pain, 2 allergy unrelated to CMF, and 1 seizure. Cohort B: 7 pts were accrued. 6 out of 7 pts could not complete 8 cycles of chemotherapy secondary to neutropenia and 1 secondary to grade 3 ALT elevation. Cohort C: Accrual has not been completed. 16 pts are currently enrolled. Conclusions: Dose dense adjuvant CMF is feasible at 14 d intervals with PEG-filgrastim support. Adjuvant CMF every 10–11 days with filgrastim given for 5 days beginning day 2 is not feasible. Accrual is ongoing for CMF at 10–11 days with filgrastim x 7 days. Updated results will be available for Cohort C. [Table: see text]