Relevant bibliographies by topics / B. hominis

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Academic literature on the topic 'B. hominis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "B. hominis"

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-, Ronny, Nadia L. Destifani, Edho Yuwono, Forman E. Siagian, and Retno Wahyuningsih. "Profil dan Prevalensi Blastocystis hominis di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia." Majalah Kedokteran UKI 36, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i2.3093.

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Abstrak Blastocystis hominis merupakan emerging disease yang terdistribusi luas di dunia, dengan prevalensi 10% di negara maju hingga 60% di negara berkembang. Perannya sebagai mikroorganisme patogen masih kontroversial. Diduga angka kejadian B. hominis lebih banyak didapatkan pada curah hujan yang rendah dan daerah tropis/ sub-tropis. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, profil B. hominis di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia, serta hubungan antara angka kejadian infeksi B. hominis dengan curah hujan dan kelembaban pada musim penghujan dan kemarau. Penelitian potong lintang deksriptif berdasarkan data pemeriksaan feses di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia selama 20 tahun sejak Januari 2000 sampai dengan Desember 2019. Sampel feses diperiksa dari sediaan basah dengan pewarnaan eosin dan lugol, dan hasilnya dilaporkan dengan sistem skoring semi kuantitatif. Data curah hujan dan kelembaban didapatkan dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Stasiun Meteorologi Kemayoran Jakarta.Didapatkan 3270 sampel, dengan hasil sampel positif B. hominissebanyak 440 sampel (14%), Prevalensi pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki dan terbanyak pada kelompok usia 21-60 tahun (67,4%). Persentase tertinggi ditemukan pada feses dengan konsistensi cair. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara prevalensi infeksi B. hominis dengan curah hujan (P=0,285) dan kelembaban (P=0,204). Kata kunci: prevalensi, konsistensi, curah hujan, kelembaban, musim Profile and Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis at Parasitology Laboratory, Medical Faculty Universitas Kristen Indonesia Abstract Blastocystis hominis is an emerging disease that is widely distributed in the world, with a prevalence of 10% in developed countries to 60% in developing countries. Its role as a pathogen is still controversial. It is suspected that the incidence of B. hominis is mostly found in low rainfall and tropical/ sub-tropical areas. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and profile of B. hominis in the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.and the relationship between incidence of B. hominisinfection with rainfall and humidity in the rainy and dry seasons.This descriptive cross-sectional study was based on fecal examination data at the FK UKI Parasitology Laboratory for 20 years. from January 2000 to December 2019. Stool examination was carried out by making eosin and lugol wet preparations to examine intestinal protozoa, and the results were reported using a semi-quantitative scoring system.Rainfall and humidity data are obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency of the Stasiun MeteorologiKemayoran, Jakarta. As many as3270 samples were obtained, feses with B. hominis positive results was 440 samples (14%). Based on gender, 53.1% of B. hominisinfected were women and most patients were found in the age range from 21 to 60 years (67.4%). The highest percentage was found in watery stool. There was no statistically significant between the prevalence of B. hominis infection with rainfall (p= 0.285) and humidity (p= 0.204). Key words: prevalence, consistency, rainfall, humidity, season
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Stenzel, D. J., and P. F. Boreham. "Blastocystis hominis revisited." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (October 1996): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.563.

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Blastocystis hominis is a unicellular organism found commonly in the intestinal tract of humans and many other animals. Very little is known of the basic biology of the organism, and controversy surrounds its taxonomy and pathogenicity. There morphological forms (vacuolar, granular, and ameboid) have been recognized, but recent studies have revealed several additional forms (cyst, avacuolar, and multivacuolar). The biochemistry of the organism has not been studied to any extent, and organelles and structures of unknown function and composition are present in the cells. Several life cycles have been proposed but not experimentally validated. The form used for transmission has not been defined. Infections with the organism are worldwide and appear in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. Symptoms generally attributed to B. hominis infection are nonspecific, and the need for treatment is debated. If treatment appears warranted, metronidazole is suggested as the drug of choice, although failures of this drug in eradicating the organism have been reported. Infection is diagnosed by light microscopic examination of stained smears or wet mounts of fecal material. Most laboratories identify B. hominis by observing the vacuolar form, although morphological studies indicate that other forms, such as the cyst form and multivacuolar form, also should be sought for diagnosis.
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Yoshikawa, Hisao, Niichiro Abe, Mizue Iwasawa, Syoko Kitano, Isao Nagano, Zhiliang Wu, and Yuzo Takahashi. "Genomic Analysis of Blastocystis hominisStrains Isolated from Two Long-Term Health Care Facilities." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1324-1330.2000.

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The genotype Blastocystis hominis is highly polymorphic. Therefore, a genetic marker would be a powerful tool for the identification or classification of B. hominis subtypes and could be used as a means to resolve the transmission route or origin of the parasite. To this end, 32 B. hominis isolates were collected from patients and/or staff members of two long-term health care facilities (facilities A and B), and these organisms were subjected to genotype analysis based on diagnostic PCR primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of small subunit rRNA gene (rDNA). Based on PCR amplification using diagnostic primers which were developed from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of known strains of B. hominis, the 32 isolates of B. hominis were classified into three different subtypes. Thirty isolates, including twenty-four that were isolated from patients and a staff member, from facility A and all isolates isolated from six patients from facility B showed the same genotype. Two of six patients of facility B had been transferred from facility A, and these two patients also had the same-genotype B. hominis that corresponded to 24 isolates from facility A. This genotype strain may have been transmitted by these two patients from facility A to facility B, suggesting human-to-human transmission. In contrast, 2 of 26 isolates from facility A showed distinct genotypes, suggesting that the colonization by these two isolates is attributable to another infectious route. These different subtypes were subjected to RFLP analysis, and the RFLP profiles were correlated with the results obtained by diagnostic PCR primers. This study presents the first molecular evidence of possible human-to-human B. hominisinfection between and/or among two small communities.
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Zierdt, C. H. "Blastocystis hominis--past and future." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 1991): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.4.1.61.

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The history of B. hominis is unique. Few infectious agents have provoked the many misconceptions that plague this enigmatic parasitic ameba. Conflicting descriptions of its nature and pathogenesis have continued throughout the 20th century. As seen by the greatly expanded number of reports in recent years, B. hominis is now a major subject of study, particularly for evidence of disease causation. Physicians are treating patients with intestinal disease caused by B. hominis. Many mild cases resolve in about 3 days without treatment, but others are acute and chronic disease is common. As with E. histolytica, the carrier state is often seen without symptoms. Treatment is usually with metronidazole, but emetine (for refractory infections), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and pentamidine are also effective. In fecal samples, this complex protozoan appears in a variety of cell forms which makes microscopic diagnosis difficult. As yet, no specific fluorescent-antibody test is available for diagnosis. A culture method to demonstrate the more easily recognized CB form is available, but probably not feasible for most diagnostic laboratories. The common cell forms are the CB form, the granular (mitochondria) form, and the ameba form. The unexpected size range of these forms in clinical material, from yeast size (ca. 7 microns) to giant cells of 20 to 40 microns, makes diagnosis difficult Pseudopodia may be demonstrated by the ameba form in heated microscope stage culture chambers. The anaerobic B. hominis has no cyst form. Its mitochondria are uniquely anaerobic and have no cytochrome protein or oxidative mitochondrial enzymes. Because of its many cell forms and anaerobic mitochondria, B. hominis is an organism of great interest for morphologic and biochemical study. Reproduction is asexual, usually by binary fission. Shizogony occurs in cultured cells. The CB appears to be an organelle whose specific purpose is for reproduction by shizogony. From 2 to 30 progeny are derived from schizogony. The ameba form reproduces by plasmotomy; it has no CB. The pathology of B. hominis infections has been studied in gnotobiotic guinea pigs in which inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and invasion of the superficial layers were seen. Only limited studies of human pathology are available. Those who have studied mucosal histopathology report inflammation and cellular changes that resolve after treatment. More study in this area is strongly indicated (32, 44, 57, 62, 67, 75). Ultrastructural details of B. hominis major forms, except for the schizont, are complete. The organism has no cell wall. The concentric CB takes up as much as 95% of the cell. The major organelles, which include multiple nuclei, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, fat, and other inclusions, are confined in two or four opposed pods in a thin band of peripheral cytoplasm between the spherical entire plasma membrane and the CB membrane. The pods buldge the CB membrane inward. There is evidence of a bacteroid endosymbiont. Education about B. hominis is needed. Entry of recent findings into new textbooks is imperative for its understanding among medical practitioners. Laboratory workers need to be aware of it for many reasons. The College of American Pathologists includes B. hominis in its proficiency testing samples and requires that it be reported from clinical samples.
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Torres, Patricio, Juan C. Miranda, Luisa Flores, Javier Riquelme, René Franjola, José Perez, Sadi Auad, Claudia Hermosilla, and Samuel Riquelme. "Blastocistosis y otras infecciones por protozoos intetinales en comunidades humanas ribereñas de la cuenca del rio Valdivia, Chile." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 34, no. 6 (December 1992): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651992000600010.

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Entre marzo y octubre de 1987 se examinaron muestras coprológicas de 970 personas (20, 9% de la población) pertenecientes a 209 grupos familiares de las comunidades ribereñas de la cuenca del rio Valdivia, Chile; con el propósito de determinar las prevalencias de infección por Blastocystis hominis y otros protozoos intestinales para establecer relaciones con la edad y sexo de los hospedadores, saneamiento ambiental y porcentaje de individuos infectados por grupo familiar. Un 72, 5% de las personas presentó una o más especies de protozoos intestinales. La mayor prevalencia se registró para B. hominis (61, 8%), que se incrementó con la edad del hospedador al igual que en las infecciones por Endolimax nana y Entamoeba coli. No se demostró asociación entre el sexo del hospedador y la prevalencia de infección por B. hominis y otras especies de protozoos. La prevalencia de B. hominis fue mayor en individuos que habitaban viviendas cuya disposition de excrementos era no sanitaria. Más del 60% de los integrantes de los grupos familiares presentaron infección por B. hominis en el 53, 1% de las familias encuestadas en contraposición al 2,4%-21,8% observado en infecciones por otros protozoos. El examen de 45 muestras de excrementos de cerdos, reveló infección por Blastocystis en el 22,2% de estos animales.
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NASIRUDEEN, A. M. A., K. S. W. TAN, M. SINGH, and E. H. YAP. "Programmed cell death in a human intestinal parasite, Blastocystis hominis." Parasitology 123, no. 3 (March 2001): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008332.

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Although programmed cell death (PCD) has been associated with multicellular organisms, there have been more reports of its presence in some protozoans. Our study shows the existence of PCD in an intestinal protozoan, Blastocystis hominis. Light and electron microscopy, biochemical and flow cytometry studies showed apoptosis-like death in B. hominis cells exposed to a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (MAb 1D5). B. hominis cells displayed key morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, namely, nuclear condensation and in situ fragmentation, reduced cytoplasmic volume, some externalization of phosphatidylserine and maintenance of plasma membrane integrity. No oligonucleosomal DNA laddering was observed in gel electrophoresis. This study supports earlier observations that the cellular machinery that is required to carry out PCD may have existed before the advent of multicellularity. Our study also ascribes a novel function for the B. hominis central vacuole in apoptosis; it acts as a repository where apoptotic bodies are stored before being released into the extracellular space.
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FISCHER, R. ""Gastrospirillum hominis": another four cases." Lancet 335, no. 8680 (January 1990): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90195-b.

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Idris, Nikmah Salamia, Pramita Gayatri Dwipoerwantoro, Agnes Kurniawan, and Mardjanis Said. "Intestinal parasitic infection of immunocompromised children with diarrhoea: clinical profile and therapeutic response." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 05 (May 9, 2010): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.275.

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Background: Parasitic gastrointestinal infections have been variably reported among immunocompromised adults while data on children have been limited. This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess the clinical profile of intestinal parasitic infections among immunocompromised children with diarrhoea and their treatment response. Methodology: Two freshly voided stool samples taken for two consecutive days were examined by direct and formalin-ether concentrated smears. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to detect Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis. Blastocystis hominis was identified using in vitro culture. Subjects positive for stool parasite(s) received standard therapy according to the aetiology and were evaluated afterward. Results: Forty-two subjects from Jakarta, Indonesia were included in this study, mostly aged one to five years (78%) and HIV infected (52%). Parasites were found in 24/42 (57%) subjects in which B. hominis comprised the largest proportion (23/24 = 96%). Cryptosporidium was identified in two subjects who were HIV infected with CD4 percentages of < 15%. No helminth infestations were found. Parasites were most frequently found in preschool age children (16/23), in those with recurrent or watery diarrhoea (23/24 and 14/18, respectively), and in HIV subjects not receiving antiretrovirals (16/22). Of 13 subjects evaluated for response to a 10-day metronidazole course for B. hominis infection, seven achieved clinical remission and nine had their parasites eradicated. Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in immunocompromised children with persistent and/or recurrent diarrhoea is moderately high and dominated by B. hominis infection. Clinical remission and parasite eradication can be achieved in B. hominis infection treated with metronidazole.
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Nascimento, Solange Aparecida, and Maria da Luz Ribeiro Moitinho. "Blastocystis hominis and other intestinal parasites in a community of Pitanga City, Paraná State, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 47, no. 4 (August 2005): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652005000400007.

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The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis, to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques for its diagnosis as well as to estimate the prevalence of other intestinal parasites in the community of Campo Verde, a district of Pitanga. The work was carried out from August to October 2004. Samples of feces from children and adults were collected and submitted to the techniques of direct wet mount, flotation in zinc sulphate solution, tube sedimentation, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by Kinyoun and iron hematoxylin methods. From 181 studied individuals, 128 (70.7%) showed protozoa and/or helminths in stool samples. The most prevalent species were Endolimax nana (33.7%); B. hominis (26.5%); Giardia lamblia (18.2%); Entamoeba coli (17.1%); Ascaris lumbricoides (16.6%); Iodamoeba bütschlii (9.4%); and ancylostomatidae (7.7%). B. hominis was only identified by the techniques of direct wet mount, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by iron hematoxylin, though the latter was less sensitive than the other methods. The high frequency of B. hominis demonstrated by this study indicates the need to include laboratory techniques that enable identification of the parasite on a routine basis.
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Fernandes, Nelson Luis Mello, Vanete Thomaz Socol, Simone Benghi Pinto, João Carlos Minozzo, and Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira. "Resposta imune-humoral e celular em bovinos da raça Nelore imunizados com extrato de larvas (L2 e L3) de Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781)." Ciência Rural 37, no. 3 (June 2007): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782007000300029.

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As larvas da Dermatobia hominis provocam lesões ulcerativas, danificando o tecido subcutâneo e conseqüentemente a pele do hospedeiro. O couro é o subproduto que sofre maior depreciação, o que, muitas vezes, impossibilita seu aproveitamento na industrialização. Atualmente o controle químico é utilizado como forma de combate à dermatobiose, entretanto, leva ao acúmulo de substâncias tóxicas nos animais e no ambiente. No presente trabalho, foram avaliadas as respostas imune-humoral e celular de bovinos imunizados com extrato antigênico preparado com larvas de D. hominis. Três grupos de oito bezerras da raça Nelore com 10 meses de idade foram usados, tendo o primeiro grupo (A) recebido aplicação de extrato imunogênico de larvas de D. hominis, com intervalos de quinze dias; o grupo (B), utilizado como controle, não recebendo nenhum tipo de tratamento; e o grupo (C) recebendo o tratamento ectoparasiticida à base de Dichlorvos associado a Cypermetrina. Neste mesmo período, foram avaliados o leucograma e os níveis de IgG contra D. hominis pela técnica de enzimoimunoensaio-ELISA. Quanto à avaliação da imunidade humoral, verificou-se que os animais do grupo A apresentaram maior produção de IgG contra D. hominis, com níveis máximos de anticorpos circulantes aos 45 dias após a primeira imunização. Estes animais também apresentaram maior produção de neutrófilos, eosinófilos e monócitos que os dos grupos B e C. O número de nódulos de larvas encontrado nos animais do grupo C foi 148,3% maior que nos animais dos grupos A e B. A comprovação da resposta imune celular e humoral, parcialmente caracterizadas, bem como a redução do número de nódulos, são indicadores que a imunização contra D. hominis foi parcialmente protetora para os bovinos imunizados.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "B. hominis"

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Valladares, Heredia Jhonny Alberto. "“Prevalencia de enteroparásitos en niños de 8 a 13 años de edad de la Institución Educativa N° 6041 “Alfonso Ugarte” del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/699.

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Las enteroparasitosis intestinales constituyen un problema de salud pública en Perú, debido a que estos parásitos pueden ingresar al organismo por vía oral y hábitos higiénico-sanitarios deficientes que facilitan su transmisión y conservación. Cuando la carga de dichos parásitos es considerablemente alta o se acompaña de alteraciones en la inmunidad del hospedero, se pueden producir complicaciones que comprometen seriamente la salud del paciente. Sabemos que el control farmacológico de las parasitosis es efectivo y seguro. No obstante, sin autocuidado y mantenimiento sostenible de buenas condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, no es posible su erradicación. Considerando lo mencionado anteriormente, desarrollaré la presente investigación en una población escolar de la Institución Educativa N° 6041 “Alfonso Ugarte” del distrito San Juan de Miraflores para determinar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales. Se eligió una muestra representativa conformada de 116 niños de 8 a 13 años. Las muestras fecales obtenidas fueron analizadas utilizando: examen macroscópico, método directo, método de Parodi Alcaraz y test de Graham. El 85.3% de los alumnos examinados resultaron parasitados. La incidencia parasitaria fue mayor en mujeres (86.8%) comparado a los hombres (83.6%). La frecuencia parasitaria de acuerdo al Monoparasitismo de los grupos taxonómicos fueron 35.3% del Phylum Amoebozoa, 3.4% del Phylum Metamonada, 3.4% del Phylum Platyhelminthes, 0.9% del Phylum Bigyra y 0.9% del Phylum Nematoda, con las especies Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis y Enterobius vermicularis, respectivamente. La mayor frecuencia correspondiente al Biparasitismo fue la asociación de los Phyla Metamonada y Amoebozoa con 32.8%. La mayor frecuencia correspondiente al Triparasitismo fue la asociación de los Phyla Metamonada, Amoebozoa y Platyhelminthes con 1.7%. The intestinal enteroparasites constitute a public health problem in Peru, due to these parasites can enter the body by mouth and hygienic habits-poor health that facilitate its transmission and conservation. When the burden of such parasites is considerably high or is accompanied by alterations in the immunity of the host, it can produce complications which seriously compromise the health of the patient. We know that the pharmacological control of the parasitosis is effective and safe. However, self-care and sustainable maintenance of good hygienic and sanitary conditions, it is not possible to its eradication. Considering the above, I will develop this research in a school population of the Educational Institution N° 6041 "Alfonso Ugarte" of the district San Juan de Miraflores to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitism. I chosen a representative sample consisted of 116 children 8 to 13 years old. Stool samples obtained were analyzed using: macroscopic examination, direct method, Parodi Alcaraz’s method and Graham’s test. The 85.3% of the students examined were parasitized. The parasitic incidence was higher in women (86.8%) compared to men (83.6%). The frequency of parasites according the Monoparasitism of taxonomic group was 35.3% of the Phylum Amoebozoa, 3.4% of the Phylum Metamonada, 3.4% of the Phylum Platyhelminthes, 0.9% of the Phylum Bigyra and 0.9% of the Phylum Nematoda, with the species Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis nana, Blastocystis hominis and Enterobius vermicularis, respectively. The highest frequency corresponding the Biparasitism was the association of the Phyla Metamonada and Amoebozoa with 32.8%. The highest frequency corresponding the Triparasitismo was the association of the Phyla Metamonada, Amoebozoa and Platyhelminthes with 1.7%.
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Lopes, Alexandra Manuel Ferreira. "Gene evolution and regulation within the Xq21.3Yp11.2 hominid-specific homology block." Tese, Porto : [s.n.], 2006. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=FCB01&find_code=SYS&request=000093683.

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Xu, Haiming. "Loss of the Rho GTPase Activating Protein p190-B enhances hematopoietic stem cell engraftment potential." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211979515.

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Boumediene, Ahmed. "Caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l'IgA et anomalies du homing lymphocytaire dans la maladie de Berger." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO4059.

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La néphropathie à dépôts mésangieux à IgA est la forme de glomérulonéphrite la plus répandue dans le monde. Elle est une des causes les plus fréquentes de l'insuffisance rénale terminale. Elle représente un vrai problème de santé publique. Elle est caractérisée par des dépots d'IgA de nature polymérique qui se présentent souvent avec des anomalies de glycosylation. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à deux aspects qui peuvent nous éclairer sur la pathogénie de cette maladie. Le premier aspect concerne les caractéristiques propres de l'IgA qui peuvent expliquer son instabilité et sa propension à se déposer dans le mésangium. En effet, en partant d'une observation d'une patiente, nous avons conclu que les anomalies de glycosylation ne peuvent à elles seules être responsables des dépôts et des lésions rénales. Nous avons émis une hypothèse selon laquelle la nature acide des CDRs des IgA pourrait être un mécanisme à l'origine de ces dépôts. En étudiant un échantillon plus large d'IgA monoclonales, nous avons conclu que la nature acide des CDRs pourrait favoriser les dépôts d'IgA mais il doit exister d'autres facteurs non encore élucidés qui contribuent eux aussi aux dépôts d'IgA. Dans le second travail, nous avons émis l'hypothèse que des anomalies de homing lymphocytaire pourrait expliquer l'origine des IgA déposés dans le rein (IgA1 de type muqueux : polymériques et souvent hypogalactosylées). Nous avons obtenue des résultats qui suggèrent que les cellules B (essentiellement des B IgA) des sujets atteints de NIgA expriment beaucoup moins de molécules de homing muqueux. Ces cellules B vont probablement être plus nombreuses à résider dans la moelle osseuse ou dans d'autres compartiments systémiques et continuer à produire des IgA1 néphritogènes
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in the world. It is an important cause of end stage renal disease. This disease is characterized by granular deposition of polymeric IgA1 in the glomerular mesangial areas. The primary defect lies in the abnormalities of the IgA molecule. But even though considerable efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenesis of this disease, the exact etiology is still obscure and specific treatment is not available. We are interested in two aspects that can shed light on the pathogenesis of this disease. The first aspect is in connection with the characteristics of IgA which may explain its instability and propensity to deposit in the kidney. Indeed, from a patient case report, we concluded that the glycosylation defects cannot alone be responsible for deposits and renal damage. We hypothesized that the acidic nature of IgA CDRs may be a mechanism that drives these deposits. By studying more monoclonal IgA1 samples, we concluded that the acidic nature of the CDRs may promote IgA but there must be other factors not yet elucidated which also contribute to IgA1 deposits. In our second study, we hypothesized that abnormal lymphocyte homing may explain the origin of the IgA deposited in the kidney (Polymeric and hypogalactosylated IgA). Our results suggest that B cells (mainly IgA B cells) from IgAN patients express less mucosal homing receptors. These B cells are likely to take up residence in the bone marrow or other systemic compartments and continue to produce nephritogenic IgA1
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Zheng, Zhong. "ROLE OF SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B TYPE I IN THYMOPOIESIS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nutrisci_etds/12.

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T cells, which constitute an essential arm in the adaptive immunity, complete their development in the thymus through a process called thymopoiesis. However, thymic involution can be induced by a couple of factors, which impairs T cell functions and is slow to recover. Therefore, understanding how thymopoiesis is regulated may lead effort to accelerate thymic recovery and improve immune functions in thymocyte-depleted patients. In this project, we identified scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, as a novel modulator in thymopoiesis. In mice, absence of SR-BI causes a significant reduction in thymus size after puberty and a remarkable decrease in thymic output. Consequently, SR-BI-null mice show a narrowed naïve T cell pool in the periphery and blunted T cell responses, indicating that the impaired thymopoiesis due to SR-BI deficiency leads to compromised T cell homeostasis and functions. The impaired thymopoiesis of SR-BI-null mice is featured by a significant reduction in the percentage of earliest T progenitors (ETPs) but unchanged percentages of other thymocyte subtypes, suggesting that SR-BI deficiency causes a reduction in progenitor thymic entry. Further investigations reveal that SR-BI deficiency impairs thymopoiesis through affecting bone marrow progenitor thymic homing without influencing the lymphoid progenitor development in bone marrow. Importantly, SR-BI-null mice exhibit delayed thymic recovery after sublethal irradiation, indicating that SR-BI is also required for thymic regeneration. Using bone marrow transplantation models, we elucidate that it is non-hematopoietic rather than hematopoietic SR-BI deficiency that results in the defects in thymopoiesis. However, SR-BI deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia is not responsible for the impaired thymopoiesis. Using adrenal transplantation models, we found that absence of adrenal SR-BI is responsible for the impaired thymopoiesis, as shown by that adrenalectomized mice transplanted with SR-BI-null adrenal gland display reduced thymus size, decreased percentage of ETPs and delayed thymic regeneration compared with those transplanted with wild-type adrenal. Altogether, results from this study elucidate a previously unrecognized role of SR-BI in thymopoiesis. We reveal that SR-BI expressed in adrenal gland is critical in maintaining normal T cell development and enhancing thymic regeneration, providing novel links between adrenal functions and T cell development.
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Books on the topic "B. hominis"

1

Sunday homilies: Cycle B. New York, N.Y: Alba House, 1990.

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Matamala, Martí Amagat i. L'escàlem: Homilies del cicle B. Arenys de Mar: Set-Ciències, Llibreria, 1999.

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Van, John. THE MUSTARD SEED: HOMILIES YEAR B. BANGALORE: Dhyanavana Publications, 2011.

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Pickford, Martin. Louis S. B. Leakey: Beyond the evidence. London, England: Janus Pub., 1997.

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Enderle, Diacono Francisco. Homilias/homilies Domingos/Sundays Ciclo/Cycle B: (Reflexiones sobre las Lecturas Dominicales/Reflections on the Sunday Readings). Harrisburg, PA: Enderle Publishing, 2005.

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Swords, Liam. Sunday homilies: With introductions and bidding prayers : Year B. Dublin: Columba Press, 1990.

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Homilies for the Sundays of ordinary time, cycle B. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

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Sagayanathan. Launching pad: Stories for Sunday homilies : Year - A, B & C. Bangalore: Asian Trading Corp., 2009.

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Enderle, Diacono Francisco. Homilias/ Homilies Dias de Precepto/Holydays Ciclo/Cycle B: (Reflexiones sobre las Lecturas de Dias de Precepto/Relfections on the Holyday Readings). Harrisburg, PA: Enderle Publishing, 2005.

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W, Kinn James. Teach, delight, persuade: Scriptural homilies for years A, B, and C. Chicago, lll: Hillenbrand Books, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "B. hominis"

1

Cyster, J. G., V. N. Ngo, E. H. Ekland, M. D. Gunn, J. D. Sedgwick, and K. M. Ansel. "Chemokines and B-cell Homing to Follicles." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 87–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60162-0_11.

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Kannagi, Reiji, Katsuyuki Ohmori, Guo-Yun Chen, Keiko Miyazaki, Mineko Izawa, and Keiichiro Sakuma. "Sialylated and Sulfated Carbohydrate Ligands for Selectins and Siglecs: Involvement in Traffic and Homing of Human Memory T and B Lymphocytes." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 549–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_29.

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Turner, A. Neil. "Infection-associated nephropathies." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 5034–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0498.

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Infection may be a primary cause of renal disease (e.g. postinfectious glomerulonephritis) or affect the kidneys on a background of debilitating illnesses and previous medical interventions. Renal disease may arise as a consequence of immune responses to a pathogen, direct invasion by the microorganism, or the effects of infection on the systemic or local circulations. Glomerulonephritis—associated with chronic and acute bacterial infections. Shunt nephritis follows colonization of a ventriculoatrial shunt, most commonly with Staphylococcus epidermidis, leading to constitutional symptoms, an acute inflammatory response, and (most characteristically) a type 1 mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Infective endocarditis and other deep-seated bacterial infections may produce a similar renal picture, but they can mimic vasculitic syndromes and outcome is dependent on the response of the infection to treatment. Interstitial nephritis—bacteria that can cause this include leptospira (Weil’s disease), Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever), legionella, and mycobacteria. Viral infections include hantaviruses (haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and nephropathia epidemica) and, almost exclusively following renal transplantation, cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus hominis type 1 (BK) virus. HIV-associated renal disorders—these include HIV nephropathy, which is a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis of ‘collapsing’ form, occurring almost exclusively in black patients. Other morphologies are more common in other races, but interstitial disease is also common as a manifestation of infection or of drug toxicity. Hepatitis B virus—chronic infection is strongly associated with membranous nephropathy; affected individuals are HBeAg and HBsAg positive, usually with coexistent hepatitis; seroconversion from HBeAg positive to HBeAb positive (naturally or induced by treatment) is associated with remission of the renal lesion. Hepatitis C virus—chronic infection is the commonest cause of mixed essential (type II) cryoglobulinaemia in most populations.
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"9.2 Der Stammbaum der Hominini." In Taschenlehrbuch Biologie Ökologie · Evolution, edited by Katharina Munk. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-29473.

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"9.1 Voraussetzungen für die Evolution der Hominini." In Taschenlehrbuch Biologie Ökologie · Evolution, edited by Katharina Munk. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-29472.

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Ponzio, Nicholas M., and G. Jeanette Thorbecke. "Antigen-Specific and Nonspecific Patterns of B-Lymphocyte Localization." In Migration and Homing of Lymphoid Cells, 85–112. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429290763-6.

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7

"existing code correlating a whistle with the information that now is the moment to attack. The information is obvious enough: it is the only information that A could conceivably have intended to make manifest in the circumstances. Could not the repetition of such a situation lead to the development of a code? Imagine that the two prisoners, caught again, find themselves in the same predicament: again a whistle, again an escape, and again they are caught. The next time, prisoner B, who has not realised that both guards are distracted, hears pris-oner A whistle: this time, fortunately, B does not have to infer what the whistle is intended to make manifest: he knows. The whistle has become a signal associ-ated by an underlying code to the message ‘Let us overpower our guards now!’ Inferential theorists might be tempted to see language as a whole as having developed in this way: to see conventional meanings as growing out of natural inferences. This is reminiscent of the story of how Rockefeller became a million-aire. One day, when he was young and very poor, Rockefeller found a one-cent coin in the street. He bought an apple, polished it, sold it for two cents, bought two apples, polished them, sold them for four cents . . . After one month he bought a cart, after two years he was about to buy a grocery store, when he inherited the fortune of his millionaire uncle. We will never know how far hominid efforts at conventionalising inference might have gone towards establishing a full-fledged human language. The fact is that the development of human languages was made possible by a specialised biological endowment. Whatever the origin of the language or code employed, a piece of coded behaviour may be used ostensively – that is, to provide two layers of information: a basic layer of information, which may be about anything at all, and a second layer con-sisting of the information that the first layer of information has been intentionally made manifest. When a coded signal, or any other arbitrary piece of behaviour, is used ostensively, the evidence displayed bears directly on the individual’s intention, and only indirectly on the basic layer of information that she intends to make manifest. We are now, of course, dealing with standard cases of Gricean communication. Is there a dividing line between instances of ostension which one would be more inclined to describe as ‘showing something’, and clear cases of communica-tion where the communicator unquestionably ‘means something’? One of Grice’s main concerns was to draw such a line: to distinguish what he called ‘natural meaning’ – smoke meaning fire, clouds meaning rain, and so on – from ‘non-natural meaning’: the word ‘fire’ meaning fire, Peter’s utterance meaning that it will rain, and so on. Essential to this distinction was the third type of communi-cator’s intention Grice mentioned in his analysis: a true communicator intends the recognition of his informative intention to function as at least part of the audi-ence’s reason for fulfilling that intention. In other words, the first, basic, layer of information must not be entirely recoverable without reference to the second. What we have tried to show so far in this section is that there are not two distinct and well-defined classes, but a continuum of cases of ostension ranging from ‘showing’, where strong direct evidence for the basic layer of information is provided, to ‘saying that’, where all the evidence is indirect. Even in our very." In Pragmatics and Discourse, 158. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203994597-29.

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