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-, Ronny, Nadia L. Destifani, Edho Yuwono, Forman E. Siagian, and Retno Wahyuningsih. "Profil dan Prevalensi Blastocystis hominis di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia." Majalah Kedokteran UKI 36, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i2.3093.
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Abstrak
Blastocystis hominis merupakan emerging disease yang terdistribusi luas di dunia, dengan prevalensi 10% di negara maju hingga 60% di negara berkembang. Perannya sebagai mikroorganisme patogen masih kontroversial. Diduga angka kejadian B. hominis lebih banyak didapatkan pada curah hujan yang rendah dan daerah tropis/ sub-tropis. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, profil B. hominis di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia, serta hubungan antara angka kejadian infeksi B. hominis dengan curah hujan dan kelembaban pada musim penghujan dan kemarau. Penelitian potong lintang deksriptif berdasarkan data pemeriksaan feses di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia selama 20 tahun sejak Januari 2000 sampai dengan Desember 2019. Sampel feses diperiksa dari sediaan basah dengan pewarnaan eosin dan lugol, dan hasilnya dilaporkan dengan sistem skoring semi kuantitatif. Data curah hujan dan kelembaban didapatkan dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Stasiun Meteorologi Kemayoran Jakarta.Didapatkan 3270 sampel, dengan hasil sampel positif B. hominissebanyak 440 sampel (14%), Prevalensi pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki dan terbanyak pada kelompok usia 21-60 tahun (67,4%). Persentase tertinggi ditemukan pada feses dengan konsistensi cair. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara prevalensi infeksi B. hominis dengan curah hujan (P=0,285) dan kelembaban (P=0,204).
Kata kunci: prevalensi, konsistensi, curah hujan, kelembaban, musim
Profile and Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis at Parasitology Laboratory, Medical Faculty Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Abstract
Blastocystis hominis is an emerging disease that is widely distributed in the world, with a prevalence of 10% in developed countries to 60% in developing countries. Its role as a pathogen is still controversial. It is suspected that the incidence of B. hominis is mostly found in low rainfall and tropical/ sub-tropical areas. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and profile of B. hominis in the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.and the relationship between incidence of B. hominisinfection with rainfall and humidity in the rainy and dry seasons.This descriptive cross-sectional study was based on fecal examination data at the FK UKI Parasitology Laboratory for 20 years. from January 2000 to December 2019. Stool examination was carried out by making eosin and lugol wet preparations to examine intestinal protozoa, and the results were reported using a semi-quantitative scoring system.Rainfall and humidity data are obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency of the Stasiun MeteorologiKemayoran, Jakarta. As many as3270 samples were obtained, feses with B. hominis positive results was 440 samples (14%). Based on gender, 53.1% of B. hominisinfected were women and most patients were found in the age range from 21 to 60 years (67.4%). The highest percentage was found in watery stool. There was no statistically significant between the prevalence of B. hominis infection with rainfall (p= 0.285) and humidity (p= 0.204).
Key words: prevalence, consistency, rainfall, humidity, season
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Stenzel, D. J., and P. F. Boreham. "Blastocystis hominis revisited." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 9, no. 4 (October 1996): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.4.563.
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Blastocystis hominis is a unicellular organism found commonly in the intestinal tract of humans and many other animals. Very little is known of the basic biology of the organism, and controversy surrounds its taxonomy and pathogenicity. There morphological forms (vacuolar, granular, and ameboid) have been recognized, but recent studies have revealed several additional forms (cyst, avacuolar, and multivacuolar). The biochemistry of the organism has not been studied to any extent, and organelles and structures of unknown function and composition are present in the cells. Several life cycles have been proposed but not experimentally validated. The form used for transmission has not been defined. Infections with the organism are worldwide and appear in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. Symptoms generally attributed to B. hominis infection are nonspecific, and the need for treatment is debated. If treatment appears warranted, metronidazole is suggested as the drug of choice, although failures of this drug in eradicating the organism have been reported. Infection is diagnosed by light microscopic examination of stained smears or wet mounts of fecal material. Most laboratories identify B. hominis by observing the vacuolar form, although morphological studies indicate that other forms, such as the cyst form and multivacuolar form, also should be sought for diagnosis.
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Yoshikawa, Hisao, Niichiro Abe, Mizue Iwasawa, Syoko Kitano, Isao Nagano, Zhiliang Wu, and Yuzo Takahashi. "Genomic Analysis of Blastocystis hominisStrains Isolated from Two Long-Term Health Care Facilities." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1324-1330.2000.
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The genotype Blastocystis hominis is highly polymorphic. Therefore, a genetic marker would be a powerful tool for the identification or classification of B. hominis subtypes and could be used as a means to resolve the transmission route or origin of the parasite. To this end, 32 B. hominis isolates were collected from patients and/or staff members of two long-term health care facilities (facilities A and B), and these organisms were subjected to genotype analysis based on diagnostic PCR primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of small subunit rRNA gene (rDNA). Based on PCR amplification using diagnostic primers which were developed from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of known strains of B. hominis, the 32 isolates of B. hominis were classified into three different subtypes. Thirty isolates, including twenty-four that were isolated from patients and a staff member, from facility A and all isolates isolated from six patients from facility B showed the same genotype. Two of six patients of facility B had been transferred from facility A, and these two patients also had the same-genotype B. hominis that corresponded to 24 isolates from facility A. This genotype strain may have been transmitted by these two patients from facility A to facility B, suggesting human-to-human transmission. In contrast, 2 of 26 isolates from facility A showed distinct genotypes, suggesting that the colonization by these two isolates is attributable to another infectious route. These different subtypes were subjected to RFLP analysis, and the RFLP profiles were correlated with the results obtained by diagnostic PCR primers. This study presents the first molecular evidence of possible human-to-human B. hominisinfection between and/or among two small communities.
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Zierdt, C. H. "Blastocystis hominis--past and future." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 1991): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.4.1.61.
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The history of B. hominis is unique. Few infectious agents have provoked the many misconceptions that plague this enigmatic parasitic ameba. Conflicting descriptions of its nature and pathogenesis have continued throughout the 20th century. As seen by the greatly expanded number of reports in recent years, B. hominis is now a major subject of study, particularly for evidence of disease causation. Physicians are treating patients with intestinal disease caused by B. hominis. Many mild cases resolve in about 3 days without treatment, but others are acute and chronic disease is common. As with E. histolytica, the carrier state is often seen without symptoms. Treatment is usually with metronidazole, but emetine (for refractory infections), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and pentamidine are also effective. In fecal samples, this complex protozoan appears in a variety of cell forms which makes microscopic diagnosis difficult. As yet, no specific fluorescent-antibody test is available for diagnosis. A culture method to demonstrate the more easily recognized CB form is available, but probably not feasible for most diagnostic laboratories. The common cell forms are the CB form, the granular (mitochondria) form, and the ameba form. The unexpected size range of these forms in clinical material, from yeast size (ca. 7 microns) to giant cells of 20 to 40 microns, makes diagnosis difficult Pseudopodia may be demonstrated by the ameba form in heated microscope stage culture chambers. The anaerobic B. hominis has no cyst form. Its mitochondria are uniquely anaerobic and have no cytochrome protein or oxidative mitochondrial enzymes. Because of its many cell forms and anaerobic mitochondria, B. hominis is an organism of great interest for morphologic and biochemical study. Reproduction is asexual, usually by binary fission. Shizogony occurs in cultured cells. The CB appears to be an organelle whose specific purpose is for reproduction by shizogony. From 2 to 30 progeny are derived from schizogony. The ameba form reproduces by plasmotomy; it has no CB. The pathology of B. hominis infections has been studied in gnotobiotic guinea pigs in which inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and invasion of the superficial layers were seen. Only limited studies of human pathology are available. Those who have studied mucosal histopathology report inflammation and cellular changes that resolve after treatment. More study in this area is strongly indicated (32, 44, 57, 62, 67, 75). Ultrastructural details of B. hominis major forms, except for the schizont, are complete. The organism has no cell wall. The concentric CB takes up as much as 95% of the cell. The major organelles, which include multiple nuclei, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, fat, and other inclusions, are confined in two or four opposed pods in a thin band of peripheral cytoplasm between the spherical entire plasma membrane and the CB membrane. The pods buldge the CB membrane inward. There is evidence of a bacteroid endosymbiont. Education about B. hominis is needed. Entry of recent findings into new textbooks is imperative for its understanding among medical practitioners. Laboratory workers need to be aware of it for many reasons. The College of American Pathologists includes B. hominis in its proficiency testing samples and requires that it be reported from clinical samples.
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Torres, Patricio, Juan C. Miranda, Luisa Flores, Javier Riquelme, René Franjola, José Perez, Sadi Auad, Claudia Hermosilla, and Samuel Riquelme. "Blastocistosis y otras infecciones por protozoos intetinales en comunidades humanas ribereñas de la cuenca del rio Valdivia, Chile." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 34, no. 6 (December 1992): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651992000600010.
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Entre marzo y octubre de 1987 se examinaron muestras coprológicas de 970 personas (20, 9% de la población) pertenecientes a 209 grupos familiares de las comunidades ribereñas de la cuenca del rio Valdivia, Chile; con el propósito de determinar las prevalencias de infección por Blastocystis hominis y otros protozoos intestinales para establecer relaciones con la edad y sexo de los hospedadores, saneamiento ambiental y porcentaje de individuos infectados por grupo familiar. Un 72, 5% de las personas presentó una o más especies de protozoos intestinales. La mayor prevalencia se registró para B. hominis (61, 8%), que se incrementó con la edad del hospedador al igual que en las infecciones por Endolimax nana y Entamoeba coli. No se demostró asociación entre el sexo del hospedador y la prevalencia de infección por B. hominis y otras especies de protozoos. La prevalencia de B. hominis fue mayor en individuos que habitaban viviendas cuya disposition de excrementos era no sanitaria. Más del 60% de los integrantes de los grupos familiares presentaron infección por B. hominis en el 53, 1% de las familias encuestadas en contraposición al 2,4%-21,8% observado en infecciones por otros protozoos. El examen de 45 muestras de excrementos de cerdos, reveló infección por Blastocystis en el 22,2% de estos animales.
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NASIRUDEEN, A. M. A., K. S. W. TAN, M. SINGH, and E. H. YAP. "Programmed cell death in a human intestinal parasite, Blastocystis hominis." Parasitology 123, no. 3 (March 2001): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008332.
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Although programmed cell death (PCD) has been associated with multicellular organisms, there have been more reports of its presence in some protozoans. Our study shows the existence of PCD in an intestinal protozoan, Blastocystis hominis. Light and electron microscopy, biochemical and flow cytometry studies showed apoptosis-like death in B. hominis cells exposed to a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (MAb 1D5). B. hominis cells displayed key morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, namely, nuclear condensation and in situ fragmentation, reduced cytoplasmic volume, some externalization of phosphatidylserine and maintenance of plasma membrane integrity. No oligonucleosomal DNA laddering was observed in gel electrophoresis. This study supports earlier observations that the cellular machinery that is required to carry out PCD may have existed before the advent of multicellularity. Our study also ascribes a novel function for the B. hominis central vacuole in apoptosis; it acts as a repository where apoptotic bodies are stored before being released into the extracellular space.
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FISCHER, R. ""Gastrospirillum hominis": another four cases." Lancet 335, no. 8680 (January 1990): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90195-b.
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Idris, Nikmah Salamia, Pramita Gayatri Dwipoerwantoro, Agnes Kurniawan, and Mardjanis Said. "Intestinal parasitic infection of immunocompromised children with diarrhoea: clinical profile and therapeutic response." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 05 (May 9, 2010): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.275.
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Background: Parasitic gastrointestinal infections have been variably reported among immunocompromised adults while data on children have been limited. This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess the clinical profile of intestinal parasitic infections among immunocompromised children with diarrhoea and their treatment response. Methodology: Two freshly voided stool samples taken for two consecutive days were examined by direct and formalin-ether concentrated smears. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to detect Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli, and Cyclospora cayetanensis. Blastocystis hominis was identified using in vitro culture. Subjects positive for stool parasite(s) received standard therapy according to the aetiology and were evaluated afterward. Results: Forty-two subjects from Jakarta, Indonesia were included in this study, mostly aged one to five years (78%) and HIV infected (52%). Parasites were found in 24/42 (57%) subjects in which B. hominis comprised the largest proportion (23/24 = 96%). Cryptosporidium was identified in two subjects who were HIV infected with CD4 percentages of < 15%. No helminth infestations were found. Parasites were most frequently found in preschool age children (16/23), in those with recurrent or watery diarrhoea (23/24 and 14/18, respectively), and in HIV subjects not receiving antiretrovirals (16/22). Of 13 subjects evaluated for response to a 10-day metronidazole course for B. hominis infection, seven achieved clinical remission and nine had their parasites eradicated. Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in immunocompromised children with persistent and/or recurrent diarrhoea is moderately high and dominated by B. hominis infection. Clinical remission and parasite eradication can be achieved in B. hominis infection treated with metronidazole.
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Nascimento, Solange Aparecida, and Maria da Luz Ribeiro Moitinho. "Blastocystis hominis and other intestinal parasites in a community of Pitanga City, Paraná State, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 47, no. 4 (August 2005): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652005000400007.
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The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis, to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques for its diagnosis as well as to estimate the prevalence of other intestinal parasites in the community of Campo Verde, a district of Pitanga. The work was carried out from August to October 2004. Samples of feces from children and adults were collected and submitted to the techniques of direct wet mount, flotation in zinc sulphate solution, tube sedimentation, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by Kinyoun and iron hematoxylin methods. From 181 studied individuals, 128 (70.7%) showed protozoa and/or helminths in stool samples. The most prevalent species were Endolimax nana (33.7%); B. hominis (26.5%); Giardia lamblia (18.2%); Entamoeba coli (17.1%); Ascaris lumbricoides (16.6%); Iodamoeba bütschlii (9.4%); and ancylostomatidae (7.7%). B. hominis was only identified by the techniques of direct wet mount, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by iron hematoxylin, though the latter was less sensitive than the other methods. The high frequency of B. hominis demonstrated by this study indicates the need to include laboratory techniques that enable identification of the parasite on a routine basis.
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Fernandes, Nelson Luis Mello, Vanete Thomaz Socol, Simone Benghi Pinto, João Carlos Minozzo, and Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira. "Resposta imune-humoral e celular em bovinos da raça Nelore imunizados com extrato de larvas (L2 e L3) de Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781)." Ciência Rural 37, no. 3 (June 2007): 789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782007000300029.
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As larvas da Dermatobia hominis provocam lesões ulcerativas, danificando o tecido subcutâneo e conseqüentemente a pele do hospedeiro. O couro é o subproduto que sofre maior depreciação, o que, muitas vezes, impossibilita seu aproveitamento na industrialização. Atualmente o controle químico é utilizado como forma de combate à dermatobiose, entretanto, leva ao acúmulo de substâncias tóxicas nos animais e no ambiente. No presente trabalho, foram avaliadas as respostas imune-humoral e celular de bovinos imunizados com extrato antigênico preparado com larvas de D. hominis. Três grupos de oito bezerras da raça Nelore com 10 meses de idade foram usados, tendo o primeiro grupo (A) recebido aplicação de extrato imunogênico de larvas de D. hominis, com intervalos de quinze dias; o grupo (B), utilizado como controle, não recebendo nenhum tipo de tratamento; e o grupo (C) recebendo o tratamento ectoparasiticida à base de Dichlorvos associado a Cypermetrina. Neste mesmo período, foram avaliados o leucograma e os níveis de IgG contra D. hominis pela técnica de enzimoimunoensaio-ELISA. Quanto à avaliação da imunidade humoral, verificou-se que os animais do grupo A apresentaram maior produção de IgG contra D. hominis, com níveis máximos de anticorpos circulantes aos 45 dias após a primeira imunização. Estes animais também apresentaram maior produção de neutrófilos, eosinófilos e monócitos que os dos grupos B e C. O número de nódulos de larvas encontrado nos animais do grupo C foi 148,3% maior que nos animais dos grupos A e B. A comprovação da resposta imune celular e humoral, parcialmente caracterizadas, bem como a redução do número de nódulos, são indicadores que a imunização contra D. hominis foi parcialmente protetora para os bovinos imunizados.
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Zierdt, Charles H. "Taxonomic status of Blastocystis hominis: reply." Parasitology Today 9, no. 1 (January 1993): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(93)90157-b.
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Bozo, Naila, Christen Ravn, Ulrik Stenz Justesen, and Line Dahlerup Rasmussen. "Mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis in a patient with hypogammaglobinaemia and rheumatoid arthritis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 1 (January 2021): e237798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237798.
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We describe the case of Mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis in a 58-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis on immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab. Treatment with anti-CD20 antibodies (eg, rituximab) leads to an immediate depletion of B cells and hence risk of reductions in immunoglobulins and increased risk of infections. This effect may last long after drug cessation. M. hominis is commensal to the genitourinary tract in sexually active adults. Extragenital M. hominis infections including septic arthritis are rare, but hypogammaglobulinaemia is a predisposing factor. As M. hominis requires extended culture, special media or PCR analysis, it is not tested routinely, which in many cases delays diagnosis and correct treatment. In our case, a diagnosis of M. hominis septic arthritis was made after 9 weeks by PCR analysis and culture of joint fluid. The patient responded well to an 8-week treatment course of moxifloxacin and doxycycline.
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Logan, R. P., R. J. Polson, J. H. Baron, and M. M. Walker. "New spiral bacterium in the gastric mucosa: Gastrospirillum hominis." Journal of Clinical Pathology 43, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.43.3.262-b.
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Asfaram, Shabnam, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Reza Saberi, Seyede Mahboobeh Hoseiny, Masoud Soosaraei, and Mehdi Sharif. "Geospatial analysis and epidemiological aspects of human infections with Blastocystis hominis in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran." Epidemiology and Health 41 (March 28, 2019): e2019009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019009.
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OBJECTIVES: Blastocystis hominis is a very common large intestinal protozoan with global prevalence in humans and non-human hosts. No precise statistics exist regarding the geographical distribution of Blastocystis that would enable the identification of high-risk communities. Therefore, the current research aimed to characterize the spatial patterns and demographic factors associated with B. hominis occurrence in northern Iran.METHODS: The current study was performed among 4,788 individuals referred to health centers in Mazandaran Province, from whom stool samples were obtained. Socio-demographic data were gathered using a questionnaire. Samples were examined by a direct wet mount, the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, and trichrome staining. Moran local indicators of spatial association and a geographically weighted regression model were utilized to analyze the results.RESULTS: Generally, the infection rate of Blastocystis parasites was 5.2%, and was considerably higher in the age group of 10-14 years (10.6%) than in other age groups (p=0.005). Our data showed important associations between the occurrence of B. hominis and age, residence, job, contact with domestic animals, anti-parasitic drug consumption, and elevation above sea level (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The current study characterized for the first time the infection rate and risk of B. hominis in the north of Iran, and produced a prediction map. It is expected that this map will help policymakers to plan and implement preventive measures in high-risk areas and to manage already-infected patients.
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Iebba, Valerio, Floriana Santangelo, Valentina Totino, Fabrizio Pantanella, Anatole Monsia, Veronica Di Cristanziano, David Di Cave, Serena Schippa, Federica Berrilli, and Rossella D'Alfonso. "Gut microbiota related to Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba spp. and Blastocystis hominis infections in humans from Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2016): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.8179.
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Introduction: Literature data provide little information about protozoa infections and gut microbiota compositional shifts in humans. This preliminary study aimed to describe the fecal bacterial community composition of people from Côte d’Ivoire harboring Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba spp., and Blastocystis hominis, in trying to discover possible alterations in their fecal microbiota structure related to the presence of such parasites. Methodology: Twenty fecal samples were collected from people inhabiting three different localities of Côte d’Ivoire for copromicroscopic analysis and molecular identification of G. duodenalis, Entamoeba spp., and B. hominis. Temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) was used to obtain a fingerprint of the overall bacterial community; quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to define the relative abundances of selected bacterial species/group, and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to correlate all data. Results: Cluster analysis revealed a significant separation of TTGE profiles into four clusters (p < 0.0001), with a marked difference for G. duodenalis-positive samples in relation to the others (p = 5.4×10-6). Interestingly, qPCR data showed how G. duodenalis-positive samples were related to a dysbiotic condition that favors potentially harmful species (such as Escherichia coli), while Entamoeba spp./B. hominis-positive subjects were linked to a eubiotic condition, as shown by a significantly higher Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-Escherichia coli ratio. Conclusions: This preliminary investigation demonstrates a differential fecal microbiota structure in subjects infected with G. duodenalis or Entamoeba spp./B. hominis, paving the way for using further next-generation DNA technologies to better understand host-parasite-bacteria interactions, aimed at identifying potential indicators of microbiota changes.
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Gonçalves, Alessandra Queiroga, João da Costa Viana, Edna Maria Pires, Márcio Neves Bóia, José Rodrigues Coura, and Edward Félix Silva. "The use of the antifungal agent miconazole as an inhibitor of Blastocystis hominis growth in Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar cultures." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 49, no. 3 (June 2007): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652007000300013.
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In regions with high prevalence, Blastocystis hominis is frequently found in association with Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar in xenic cultures. Its exacerbated growth is often superimposed on the growth of amebas, thus impeding the continuation of the amebas in the culture, within a few generations. The present study reports on the excellent efficacy (100%) of the antifungal agent miconazole in eliminating B. hominis from cultures of E. histolytica/E. dispar, thereby maintaining the integrity of the trophozoites of the amebas. Nystatin presented low efficacy (33.3%).
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Park, Yeo-bin, Chang Beohm Ahn, Yun-Leong Park, Ji-Won Baek, Won-Ho Kong, Bo-Sung Kim, Bong-ho Lee, et al. "Comparative Observational Study on the Effects of Intra-articular Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture and Acupoint Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture for Knee Osteoarthritis Patients." Journal of Acupuncture Research 38, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/jar.2020.00451.
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The aim of this case report was to observe the effects of intra-articular hominis placenta pharmacopuncture (HPP). Based on the medical records patients who received intra-articular treatment or received acupoint pharmacopuncture treatment, a comparison was made. There were 35 patients who were hospitalized for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee joint from the 1<sup>st</sup> October 2019 to 26<sup>th</sup> September 2020. There were 14 patients who were treated with HPP in the intra-articular joint space (Group A), and 14 patients who were treated with HPP at specific acupoints (Group B). The outcome effects were measured using the Korean Western Ontario and Mc (KWOMAC) the visual analog scale (VAS) before the first treatment, and after the fifth treatment. The KWOMAC (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the VAS scores (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in Groups A and B significantly improved after treatment compared with before treatment. When comparing Group A improvement with Group B improvement using the KWOMAC there was no statistically significant difference however, when using the VAS scores, Group A treatment was statistically more effective compared with Group B (<i>p</i> = 0.002). This study indicated that HPP may be an effective treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Moreover, intra-articular HPP may be more effective than acupoint HPP for knee osteoarthritis.
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Kuznetsova, K. Yu, F. M. Shikhbabaeva, Marya M. Aslanova, A. V. Rudinsky, and A. V. Zagaynova. "ABOUT THE HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE MONITORING." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 11 (March 27, 2019): 1097–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1097-1098.
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There are presented data on the prevalence of blastocysts (Blastocystis hominis) in persons with clinical indications for examination and examined prophylactically. There is established a high level of infestation. Healthcare institutions are recommended to use special methods of laboratory diagnosis according to the standard of specialized medical care for irritable bowel syndrome. The relevance of the study is emphasized by WHO guidelines on the control of epidemic safety of water in terms of B. hominis. In Russia there are no official base for the observations for morbidity blastocysts and circulation of blastocysts in the environment.
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Devera, Rodolfo Antonio, Virma Josefina Velásquez, and Maritza Justina Vásquez. "Blastocistosis en pre-escolares de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 14, no. 2 (April 1998): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1998000200016.
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Para determinar la prevalencia y relevancia clínica de la blastocistosis en una muestra de niños en edad pre-escolar, fueron evaluados 169 alumnos del pre-escolar "Los Coquitos" de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Las muestras fecales fueron estudiadas mediante la técnica de examen directo y métodos de concentración de Faust y Willis. Se encontraron 72 niños parasitados, de ellos 32 (29,09%) con Blastocystis hominis. Se determinó una prevalencia de infección por este protozoario de 18,93% ± 5,93%. No hubo predilección por el sexo y la edad de los pre-escolares parasitados (ji² = 1.84 DF = 3; p>0.05). Se diagnosticó mayormente como parásito único (53,13%); Giardia lamblia fue el parásito más frecuentemente identificado (39,13%) junto con B. hominis. En el 94,12% de los casos, se observó en un número mayor de 5 células por campo. El 70,58% de los pre-escolares tenía manifestaciones clínicas, sin embargo, la cantidad de Blastocystis presente no fue determinante en su aparición, pero si en la severidad de ellas. Luego del tratamiento, hubo respuesta clínica y parasitológica favorable en el 80% y 90% de los casos, respectivamente. Se concluye que B. hominis es un patógeno de relativa alta frecuencia en el grupo de niños estudiados.
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Requena, Ixora, Yessica Hernández, Mario Ramsay, Carmen Salazar, and Rodolfo Devera. "Prevalencia de Blastocystis hominis en vendedores ambulantes de comida del municipio Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 19, no. 6 (December 2003): 1721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2003000600016.
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Para determinar la prevalencia de Blastocystis hominis en una muestra de vendedores ambulantes de comida, aparentemente sanos, se realizó un estudio seccional con 415 personas que acudieron al Ambulatorio Urbano tipo III "Manoa" (Municipio Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela), Programa de Higiene del Adulto, a solicitar el certificado de salud para trabajar como vendedores de comida. Una muestra de heces obtenida por evacuación espontánea fue analizada mediante la técnica de examen directo y método de concentración de Willis. Se encontraron 150 personas parasitadas (36,14%), de ellas 107 (25,78%) con B. hominis. No se observó predilección por el sexo (p > 0,05), pero sí con relación a la edad, siendo las personas de 18 a 27 años las más afectados (ji² = 12,17; g.l. = 4). En el 71,02% de los casos se encontró como parásito único y en 28,98% de los casos asociados a otros parásitos, siendo el más frecuentemente asociado Giardia lamblia (2,41%). En la mayoría de las personas parasitadas (85%) el protozoario se observó en un número menor de cinco células por campo. Se concluye que B. hominis es un parásito frecuente en manipuladores de alimentos del Municipio Caroní, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela.
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Autier, Brice, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, and Florence Robert-Gangneux. "Evaluation of the AllplexTM Gastrointestinal Panel—Parasite Assay for Protozoa Detection in Stool Samples: A Retrospective and Prospective Study." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040569.
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This study aims at evaluating the performances of the multiplex PCR AllplexTM Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay (GIPPA), which detects G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica, D. fragilis, B. hominis, and C. cayetanensis, by comparison to microscopy. A retrospective evaluation was conducted on a series of positive clinical samples (n = 99) stored at −80 °C or at +4 °C. A five-month prospective study was then conducted on all samples sent to our lab for parasite detection (n = 586). In the retrospective cohort, sensitivity was 81% for both G. duodenalis (26/32) and D. fragilis (21/26) and 100% for Cryptosporidium spp. (26/26, including 6 different species), B. hominis (26/26), and C. cayetanensis (4/4). During the prospective study, 95 samples were positive by microscopy and 207 by multiplex PCR assay. The molecular assay showed a significantly higher sensitivity of PCR, especially for G. duodenalis (100% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.01), D. fragilis (97.2% vs. 14.1%, p < 0.001), and B. hominis (99.4% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.001) but also for E. histolytica (100% vs. 50.0%). The sensitivity of the AllplexTM GIPPA on the first stool sample was equivalent to the sensitivity of microscopy on multiple stool samples but inferior to multiplex PCR on multiple stool samples. Taken together, the AllplexTM GIPPA is suitable for the routine detection of protozoa in fecal samples.
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Pramestuti, Nova, and Dewi Saroh. "Blastocystis hominis: Protozoa Usus Potensial Penyebab Diare." Sel Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan 4, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/sel.v4i1.1409.
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Blastocystis hominis merupakan protozoa usus yang sering menyebabkan diare dan manifestasi gastrointestinal seperti nyeri perut, muntah, dan perut kembung. Penularan melalui makanan dan air yang terkontaminasi oleh kista dengan rute oral-fekal. Manifestasi klinis baru timbul ketika sistem imun dalam tubuh menurun. Prevalensi Blastocystis lebih tinggi pada negara berkembang terkait dengan personal higiene yang kurang, paparan dari binatang, dan konsumsi air minum yang terkontaminasi parasit. Infeksi dapat terjadi secara tunggal atau bersamaan dengan infeksi parasit lain, dan menyertai pada orang yang terkena HIV ketika imunitas menurun. Penularan B. hominis dari manusia ke manusia lain dapat dicegah dengan menjaga kebersihan perorangan, kebersihan fasilitas umum, mencegah kontaminasi feses dalam makanan dan air, mengupas dan mencuci buah dan sayuran mentah.
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CHANDRAMATHI, S., K. SURESH, S. SHUBA, A. MAHMOOD, and U. R. KUPPUSAMY. "High levels of oxidative stress in rats infected with Blastocystis hominis." Parasitology 137, no. 4 (December 7, 2009): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991351.
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SUMMARYObjective: Numerous studies have revealed the presence of oxidative stress in parasitic infections. However, such studies were lacking in the Malaysian population. Previously, we have provided evidence that oxidative stress is elevated in Malaysians infected with intestinal parasites. Stool examinations revealed that about 47·5% of them were infected with the polymorphic protozoa, Blastocystis hominis. However, they were found to have mixed infection with other intestinal parasites. Methodology: Therefore, in order to investigate the role of B. hominis alone in affecting oxidative stress status, here we compared the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine and blood samples between uninfected and B. hominis-infected rats. Results: Infected rats exhibited elevated levels of oxidative indices namely advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) indicating that their overall oxidative damage level was higher. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was elevated at the initial stage of infection but decreased significantly during the last week of study duration suggesting that the antioxidant status of the host may be overwhelmed by oxidative damage. Conclusion: To date, this is the first comprehensive in vivo study to provide evidence for Blastocystis infection to correlate with significant oxidative burst leading to oxidative stress.
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Raof, Shatha Abdul Wahab. "Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia Parasites in Patients of Four Regions in East – South Baghdad." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 35, no. 2 (December 29, 2011): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v35i2.579.
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A total of 250 stool specimens from patients live in Al-Ameen, Al-Mashtal, Al-Baladiyat and Al-Nahrawan, districts of Baghdad city were collected. The watery and loose specimens were wet mounted with normal saline and buffered methylene blue then all specimens concentrated and examined with Lugol's iodine solution. The protozoal parasites of medical importance Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were respectively detected in 59 (24.6%) and 42 (17.5%), samples with mixed infection were in eight samples. Differences due to district lacked significance. Statistical significance was observed when the influence of age category was tested (P<0.05). The highest infestation percentage with both parasites was noticed in the 5 – 10 years category whereas the lowest percentage was in the 19 – above years category. Seasonal variations and sex of the infected patients with both protozoa did not reach statistical significance. Significant differences were observed between number of infected patients with B. hominis and G. lamblia in the age categories of respectively Al-Ameen and Al-Baladiyat districts. Significance was recorded in the differences between percentages of the age categories' females as well as of the age category 5 – 10 years males and females that were infected with G. lamblia Similar significance marked the percentages of infection of both sexes with B hominis in the age categories
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Eroglu, Fadime, and Ismail Soner Koltas. "Evaluation of the transmission mode of B. hominis by using PCR method." Parasitology Research 107, no. 4 (June 11, 2010): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1937-4.
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Karakalpakis, D., K. Kostaras, K. Asonitis, D. Dimitriadi, T. Pittaras, E. Charvalos, G. Daikos, M. Mantzourani, and K. Pappa. "Antibiotic resistance profiles from isolated bacteria in outpatient infertility clinic in Greece." Hellenic Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 17, no. 2 (March 3, 2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33574/hjog.1516.
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Aim: To investigate the prevalence of common aerobic gram positive and gram negative bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis in symptomatic and asymptomatic Greek patients and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 316 adult men examined at the Assisted Reproduction Department of IASO- Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic in Athens, Greece. Sperm have been collected and proceed to culture and antibiotic sensitivity at the Central Laboratories following a standard protocol. Results: Twelve inappropriate out of 316 samples were excluded from the study. Out of the remaining 304 sperm samples 111 (37.5 %) were positive. Antibiotic sensitivity testing detected resistances to some commonly used antibiotics such as b-lactams and the quinolones. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were the most frequently isolated bacteria (45%), followed by Enterobacteriaceae (40%) and Enterococci 12.6%. The majority of 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, were Escherichia coli (31 strains/68%) corresponding to 27.9% of the total number of positive cultures. One infection to Chlamydia trachomatis was detected by an immunochromatic rapid test, one Candida sp, one Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two M. hominis and three Streptococcus group B. Escherichia coli were resistant to b lactams in about 38.7% due to b-lactamase, and 22.5%, 9.6%, 6.4%, were resistant to nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin respectively. Enterococci have shown resistance due to b-lactamase and PBP 5 alteration/hyperproduction. Ureaplasmas were resistant to the fluoroquinolones tested ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, at 72.2% and 62.3% respectively. Conclusion: Carriage of bacteria in sperm is controversial for its contribution in sperm quality and fertility. In our IVF unit, we follow a protocol of isolation and antibiotic profiling of bacteria from sperm culture regardless of their concentration in sperm and giving the numbers/ml. This helps doctors to distinguish carriage or infection and to decide about potential therapy. Given the antibiotic resistances shown by this study, the importance of culture against empiric therapy in assisted reproduction patients is also clearly demonstrated.
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Bebear, C. M., J. M. Bové, C. Bebear, and J. Renaudin. "Characterization of Mycoplasma hominis mutations involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41, no. 2 (February 1997): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.41.2.269.
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Fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of Mycoplasma hominis were selected in vitro from the PG21 susceptible reference strain either by multistep selection on increasing concentrations of various fluoroquinolones or by one-step selection on agar medium with ofloxacin. The quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of the structural genes encoding the A and b subunits of DNA gyrase were amplified by PCR, and the nucleotide sequences of eight multistep-selected resistant strains were compared to those of susceptible strain PG21. Four high-level resistant mutants that were selected on norfloxacin or ofloxacin contained a C-to-T transition in the gyrA QRDR, leading to substitution of Ser-83 by Leu in the GyrA protein. Analysis of the sequence of the gyrB QRDR of the eight multistep-selected mutants did not reveal any difference compared to that of the gyrB QRDR of the reference strain M. hominis PG21. Similar analyses of eight one-step-selected mutants did not reveal any base change in the gyrA and gyrB QRDRs. These results suggest that in M. hominis, like in other bacterial species, a gyrA mutation at Ser-83 is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
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GEURDEN, T., B. LEVECKE, S. M. CACCIÓ, A. VISSER, G. DE GROOTE, S. CASAERT, J. VERCRUYSSE, and E. CLAEREBOUT. "Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in non-outbreak related cases of diarrhoea in human patients in Belgium." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (July 27, 2009): 1161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009990436.
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SUMMARYStool samples from Belgian patients suffering from abdominal pain and/or diarrhoea were examined for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Cryptosporidium-positive samples were genotyped using the 70 kDa heat shock protein and the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) genes: C. hominis was identified in 54·2% and C. parvum in 45·8% of the samples. Sequencing at the GP60 locus indicated that subgenotype IbA10G2 of C. hominis and subgenotype IIaA15G2R1 of C. parvum were the most prevalent, although several other subgenotypes were identified. For Giardia, sequencing at the β-giardin, triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes revealed assemblage B as the most prevalent (74·4%) in human patients. A high degree of heterogeneity was found, especially on the β-giardin gene, and to a lesser extent on the GDH gene. Furthermore, using a novel species-specific PCR based on the TPI gene, mixed infections with both assemblage A and B were detected in a large number (32·4%) of human patients, which might have important epidemiological implications.
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Salem, Aziza I., Hend A. El-Taweel, Marwa A. Madkour, Naglaa F. Abd El-Latif, and Ebtesam S. Abd-Elrazeq. "Irritable bowel syndrome in Egyptian patients: plausible risk factors and association with intestinal protozoa." Tropical Doctor 49, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475519837112.
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The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not yet clear. Our study suggested parasitic infection and other plausible risk factors among Egyptian IBS patients. We studied 40 IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome III criteria (Group I), 40 with other gastrointestinal symptoms (Group II) and 40 healthy controls (Group III). Stool samples were examined using direct wet smear, sedimentation technique, trichrome stain and immune-chromatographic tests for Cryptosporidium parvum. IBS patients displayed a significantly greater percentage of Blastocystis hominis infection (45%) than non-IBS patients (20%) and healthy controls (10%). Dientamoeba fragilis was identified in two IBS patients. Detection of B. hominis was independent of demographic characters, IBS subtype, Helicobacter pylori infection or medications, but with a positive association with a history of antibiotic intake with IBS.
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Ferraz da Costa, Maria do Socorro, Marcos Pezzi Guimarães, Walter dos Santos Lima, Ana Julia Ferraz da Costa, Elias Jorge Facury Filho, and Ricardo Nascimento Araujo. "Seasonal Variation and Frequency Distribution of Ectoparasites in Crossbreed Cattle in Southeastern Brazil." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014 (October 8, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/759854.
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The aims of this study were to evaluate the seasonal variation and frequency distribution of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Haematobia irritans, and Dermatobia hominis on crossbred heifers under field conditions in the northeast of Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. From November 2007 to September 2009 (23 months), 40 heifers aged 16.6±2.4 months were divided into groups A (1/4 Holstein × 3/4 Gir) and B (1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir) and had the monthly infestation estimated along with the climatic conditions. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures were 28.5 and 19°C, respectively. The ectoparasites were present on animals in all months of the year. The levels of ticks on the animals were low (3.0±0.2 ticks/animal), with the highest density in midwinter. The temperature was the climatic factor that most influenced the tick levels. The population of H. irritans (13.9±0.3 flies/animal) and D. hominis (1.5±0.2 larvae/animal) on heifers was more influenced by rainfall and exhibited two population peaks during the year. 1/2 Holstein heifers harbored significantly more H. irritans and D. hominis than 1/4 Holstein heifers. The results are discussed considering the most appropriate periods to apply ectoparasiticides and the genetic make-up of the animals.
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Sari, Ika Puspa, Sacha Audindra, Aqila S. Zhafira, Arin A. Rahma, Cut V. Syarira, and Sri Wahdini. "Nutritional Status of School-aged Children with Intestinal Parasite Infection in South Jakarta, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (February 18, 2021): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5711.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection still high in Indonesia and lead to nutritional disorder, especially in the school-aged children.
AIM: This research conducted to find the association of intestinal parasitic infection to the nutritional status of the children.
METHODS: This was a cross sectional study, conducted in January 2016 in one primary school in South Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, by collecting the children’s stool from 1st to 5th grade. Direct examination of the stool was conducted in the Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, by Lugol and eosin staining. Nutritional status categorized using BMI chart. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Statistical Product, and Service Solutions version 20.
RESULTS: From the total 157 stool examined in the laboratory, there were 60 (38.2%) children positively infected with various kinds of intestinal parasites. Mostly the infection is caused by Blastocystis hominis, which infects 44 children (69.4%). The other infection is caused by Giardia lamblia (15.3%), Trichuris trichiura (1.4%), and hookworm (1.4%), and mixed infection of B. hominis and Escherichia coli (4.2%) and B. hominis with G. lamblia (4.2%). From the total of infected children, 17 children (28.3%) have BMI below 5th percentile, and it was considered as malnourished. Moreover, 67 uninfected children have normal nutritional status. Statistically, there is an association between intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status in school-aged children in South Jakarta (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection in school-aged children is 38.2%. Moreover, 28.3% of the infected children were malnourished and it is suggested that children with intestinal parasite infection have low nutritional status.
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Sultana, Asma, Hamida Khanum, Priyanka Barua, and Rashidul Haque. "Comparison of direct microscopy and in vitro culture for the detection of Blastocystis hominis among the slum children of Dhaka city." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v24i2.46324.
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Multiple stool samples were collected from 2980 children of Mirpur slum area. The direct microscopy and xenic in vitro culture (XIVC) for 48 hours were done for each of the sample. The prevalence of Blastocystis hominis was found 5.1% in direct microscopy and the highest prevalence was observed in May, 2013 among the children of 9 ‐ 11 years. In culture method, 10.93% children were found positive for the organism. Most affected age group was 9 ‐ 11 years and prevalence was highest in August. In culture, morphological cyst forms were most commonly observed. Data analysis showed that there was a significant association between age group and infection ratio. By comparing the direct microscopy with in vitro culture, it was seen that culture was the most sensitive and reliable diagnostic method for the identification of B. hominis.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 169-175, 2015 (July)
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Kim, Tae Ho, Jun-Yong Choi, Kyun Ha Kim, Min Jung Kwun, Chang-Woo Han, Ran Won, Jung Ju Lee, Jong-In Kim, and Myungsoo Joo. "Hominis placenta Suppresses Acute Lung Inflammation by Activating Nrf2." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 46, no. 04 (January 2018): 801–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x18500428.
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Hominis placenta (HP), a dried human placenta, has been known to target liver, lung, or kidney meridians, improving the functions associated with these meridians in traditional Chinese or Asian medicine (TCM). Since recent studies implicate an HP extract in suppressing inflammation, we investigated whether an aqueous HP extract can ameliorate inflammation that occurred in the lungs. When administered with a single intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), C57BL/6 mice developed an acute neutrophilic lung inflammation along with an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. However, this was diminished by the administration HP extract via an intraperitoneal route 2 h after LPS treatment. Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that while suppressing the activity of a proinflammatory factor NF-[Formula: see text]B marginally, the HP extract strongly activated an anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2, with concomitant expression of Nrf2-dependent genes. Mechanistically, the HP extract suppressed the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Nrf2, functioning similarly to a 26S proteasome inhibitor, MG132. Collectively, these results suggest that the HP extract suppresses inflammation in mouse lungs, which is in part related to the HP extract perturbing the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Nrf2 and thus increasing the function of Nrf2.
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Zaporozhchenko, M. B., D. Y. Parubina, and A. V. Sidorenko. "Infectious aspects of tissues of leiomyomatous nodules removed in women of reproductive age, patients with uterine leiomyoma." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(1)-05.
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The state of the microbial ecology of genital organs in women of reproductive age deserves special attention of the doctor-clinician. Infections of the genital tract are recognized as one of the triggers of uterine myoma. Leiomyoma of the uterus can arise as a result of lesions of the myometrium by inflammatory processes. The goal is to examine the tissues of distant leiomyomatous nodules for the presence of an associated microbial flora in women of reproductive age who suffer from asymptomatic and symptomatic clinical course of the uterine leiomyoma. The presence of infectious flora in the vaginal contents and cervical channel of 216 women of reproductive age, patients with uterine leiomyoma, and in 30 distant leiomyomatous nodules of the uterus was investigated. In the vaginal content of Virus herpes simplex was 30.6% in the IIA group and 32.4% in the group IIB, Cytomegalovirus, respectively — in 27.8% and 28.7%. The result to Chlamidia trachomatis was positive in 25.0% of women in the IIA group and 26.9% — in group IIB, Mycoplasma hominis — in 12.96% and 15.7%, Ureaplasma urealyticum — in 4.6% and 8.3 %, Virus papilloma hominis oncogenic type — in 3,7% and 5,6%. The dominant infections of the cervical canal of women of reproductive age, patients with uterine leiomyoma, were Virus herpes simplex in the IIA group — 34.3% and in group IIB — 38.0%, Chlamidia trachomatis — 32.4% and 37.0%, Cytomegalovirus — 33.3% and 32,4%, Mycoplasma hominis — 13.9% and 17.6%, Ureaplasma urealyticum — 6.5% and 10.2%, Virus papilloma hominis — 3.7% and 6.5% respectively. In the tissues of the leiomyomatous nodules, Mycoplasma hominis DNA was detected in 43.3%, Chlamidia trachomatis — in 40.0%, Ureaplasma urealyticum — in 36.7%, Cytomegalovirus and Mycoplasma hominis by 30.0%, Virus papilloma homynis — in 23.3%, Candida albicans — in 6.7% of cases of observations. Titres Enterococcus fec., St. epidermidis in the tissues of the leiomyomatous nodules were 108 CFU/ml. These pathogens in vaginal content were sown in titres 1010 and 105 CFU/ml, respectively. The viral flora in the tissues of the leiomyomatous nodules was determined 1.8 times more often, and the amount of CFU / ml was 1.7 times greater than in the vaginal contents. Streptococcus B, D, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides sp., Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis in the tissues of the leiomyomatous nodules were determined on average with a frequency of 32.8%, and in the vaginal content — 15.7%, which is 2.1 times was more. The frequency of Mycoplasma hominis in the tissues of the leiomyomatous nodules was in 3 and 2.8 times, or 28.9% and 27.6% greater than the posterior vaginal vault and cervical canal, Ureaplasma urealyticum — in 5.6 and 4.4 times, or 30.2% and 28.4%, Virus papilloma homynis oncogenic type 16 of 18 — in 5.1 and 4.6 times, or 18.8% and 18.2% respectively. The results obtained indicate that infections in the tissues of the leiomyomatous nodules could have been given by intracanalicular, hematogenous, lymphogenous pathways. It is possible that these infections were in the body of a woman in an active form in the past. In the algorithm for monitoring patients with uterine leiomyoma at reproductive age, it is advisable to include bacteriological, PCR studies of the vaginal microbiocenosis, cervical canal, urethra in observation dynamics, tissues of remote leiomyomatous nodules by identifying microflora in order to prevent the occurrence of concomitant diseases of the urogenital tract and correction of organ biocenosis, which can to prevent the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, such as the occurrence of uterine fibroids and the transition of tumor growth from simple type in the proliferative and is one of the stages of pathogenetically substantiated prevention of uterine leiomyoma.
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Barbieri, Jonata De Melo, Yuly Andrea Caicedo Blanco, Renato Ribeiro de Lima, Marcos Aurélio Lopes, Eduardo Mitke Brandão Reis, Christiane Maria Barcellos Magalhães da Rocha, Adriana De Souza Coutinho, and Antônio Marcos Guimarães. "Effects and costs of a strategic selective treatment for controlling ecto - and hemoparasitosis in Holstein Friesian calves." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 5 (October 26, 2016): 3133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p3133.
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This work assessed the effectiveness and net operational costs of a strategic selective treatment for controlling ectoparasites (Rhipicephalus microplus, as well as Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae) and hemoparasites (Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp.) in Holstein Friesian calves. Thirty calves were equally distributed in two groups: ST) strategic selective treatment and CT) conventional treatment. From birth, calves were monitored biweekly until 12 months of age. The CT group was subjected to parasite control according to directions provided by the veterinarian at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Lavras (FE/UFLA), whereas parasite control of the ST group followed criteria we had previously established. The ST group experienced fewer changes in physical traits on average and lower globular volume (GV) than the CT group (p < 0.05). Approximately 23% of ST calves exhibited external omphalitis, compared with 48% CT calves (p < 0.001). Additionally, ST calves were less affected than CT calves (p < 0.05) by R. microplus females and D. hominis larvae. Seropositivity rates from the indirect immunofluorescence reaction for A. marginale and B. bovis were similar for both groups (ST: 85.6% and 87.8%, respectively; CT: 83.2% and 83.2%). Additionally, subclinical (asymptomatic infection) anaplasmosis predominated in both groups during the dry period of the year. The daily average weight gains (DWG) were identical among ST (580 g) and CT (570 g), but the effective operational cost (EOC) was 3.7 times greater in ST (R$ 406.58/animal) compared with CT (R$ 110.90/animal). Laboratory exams to monitor the animals represented the largest share of the cost (82.7%) in ST, whereas drug expenses represented the highest costs (49.8%) in CT. Despite having a greater EOC, ST was more efficient at reducing parasite burdens than CT. Calves in the former group presented fewer R. microplus or D. hominis, and experienced a lower percentage of hemolytic anemia (VG < 24%). However, ST no affected the dynamic of A. marginale- and B. bovis-related infections, indicating that the FE/UFLA may be characterized as enzootically stable for these species.
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Devera, Rodolfo, Verónica Angulo, Ernesto Amaro, Miguel Finali, Gabriela Franceschi, Ytalia Blanco, Rosa María Tedesco, Ixora Requena, and Virma Velásquez. "Parásitos intestinales en habitantes de una comunidad rural del Estado Bolívar, Venezuela." REVISTA BIOMÉDICA 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v17i4.465.
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Introducción. Las parasitosis intestinales constituyen un importante problema de salud pública por sus altas tasas de prevalencia y amplia distribución mundial, sobre todo en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales, siendo la población infantil la mayormente afectada. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en habitantes de Aripao, comunidad rural del estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Materiales y Métodos. En abril de 2005 se realizó un estudio transversal con 155 habitantes de ambos sexos. De cada uno se obtuvo una muestra fecal la cual fue analizada mediante la técnica de examen directo, métodos de concentración de Kato y formol-éter, cultivo en placa de agar y coloración de Kinyoun. Resultados. La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal fue de 83.9% (130/155). Las prevalencias por grupos de edad fueron similares (χ2 = 3.037; g.l. = 5). Ambos sexos fueron afectados por igual (p › 0.05). Se diagnosticaron 15 especies de parásitos y/o comensales. Los protozoarios fueron más prevalentes que los helmintos. Blastocystis hominis fue el parásito intestinal más prevalente con 60%. Se diagnosticaron 9 casos de Cryptosporidium parvum y 2 de Cyclospora cayetanensis. Entre los helmintos Ascaris lumbricoides (20%), Trichuris trichiura (9%) y Strongyloides stercoralis (4.5%) resultaron los más comunes. De los parasitados 75.4% resultó poliparasitado (98/130). En este último grupo los parásitos más frecuentemente asociados fueron Blastocystis hominis (75.5%) y Entamoeba coli (48.9%). Conclusión. Se determinó una elevada prevalencia (83.9%) de parásitos intestinales en habitantes de la comunidad rural de Aripao, estado Bolívar, Venezuela, sin predilección por el sexo o la edad y con predominio de los protozoarios, en particular de B. hominis.
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Yoshikawa, Hisao, Niichiro Abe, and Zhiliang Wu. "PCR-based identification of zoonotic isolates of Blastocystis from mammals and birds." Microbiology 150, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26899-0.
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The genotype of Blastocystis isolated from humans and animals is highly polymorphic. Therefore, it is important to compare the genotypes of Blastocystis isolates from humans and animals to determine the zoonotic potential of animal isolates. PCR-based genotype classification using known sequence-tagged site (STS) primers allows identification of zoonotic isolates of animal origin. To this end, 51 isolates from monkeys, cattle, pigs, chickens, quails and pheasants were subjected to genotype analysis using seven kinds of STS primers. Out of the 51 isolates, 39 were identified as one of the known genotypes, four showed mixed genotypes, and eight were unknown genotypes as these were negative for all STS primers. When these results were combined with previous studies on 41 isolates from animals and compared with the diversity of genotypes of 102 human Blastocystis hominis isolates, 67·4 % (62/92) of isolates from mammals and birds were identical to human B. hominis genotypes. Since the unknown genotype of human origin had been placed into an additional clade in the small-subunit rRNA gene phylogeny, further molecular study on the eight isolates of unknown genotype from the present study will facilitate our understanding of their zoonotic potential.
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Pinto, Simone Benghi, Vanete Thomaz Soccol, Eliane Vendruscolo, Roberto Rochadelli, Paulo Bretanha Ribeiro, Alaércio Freitag, Carlos Henemann, and Márcio Uemura. "Bioecologia de Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) em Palotina, Paraná, Brasil." Ciência Rural 32, no. 5 (October 2002): 821–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782002000500013.
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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na UFPR - Campus Palotina, no Paraná, e em três propriedades rurais do mesmo município, durante o período de novembro de 1997 a maio de 1999. O experimento foi delineado com os objetivos de avaliar: a) a flutuação de larvas de Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) em bovinos da raça Holandesa Preto e Branco criados no município de Palotina, e a distribuição desses ectoparasitos na superfície corporal de bovinos; e b) a sazonalidade dos principais dípteros vetores de ovos de D. hominis. Para a captura dos insetos vetores, foram utilizados dois tipos de armadilhas: MAGOON e orientada pelo vento (wind oriented trap = WOT). Um total de 346 larvas foram expulsas por meio de compressão manual, sendo que a intensidade de larvas foi maior no lado esquerdo do animal, onde foi constatado um total de 240 nódulos (69,36%). Analisadas as freqüências de nódulos de berne nos animais, ficou demonstrado que houve diferença significativa (p>0,001) na tendência parasitária. Três regiões corpóreas foram mais parasitadas. A primeira é formada pelos membros torácicos, paletas e costelas; a segunda é formada pelo pescoço e flancos, e a terceira, formada pelas regiões dos membros pélvicos, barbela, ventre, cauda e tórax. Durante o período experimental foram capturados, nas armadilhas WOT e de MAGOON, 5.887 dípteros pertencentes a diferentes famílias. Verificou-se que as famílias Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae e Muscidae foram as mais prevalentes.
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Bell, Susan Givens. "Linezolid." Neonatal Network 28, no. 3 (May 2009): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.28.3.187.
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THE MOST RECENT DATA FROM THE National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network revealed that in late-onset sepsis events in very low birth weight neonates proven by blood culture, 70 percent were caused by Gram-positive organisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci accounted for 68 percent of these Gram-positive infections, and Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, and Group B Streptococcus were isolated in the remainder.1Staphylococcus epidermidis continues to be the most common coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated in culture, and S. capitis, S. warneri, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis have also been implicated in neonatal infection.
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Arani, Abolfath Shojaei, Reza Alaghehbandan, Lame Akhlaghi, Maryam Shahi, and Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari. "Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a population in south of Tehran, Iran." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 3 (June 2008): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000300003.
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The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic characteristics of intestinal parasites in a population in south of Tehran, Iran. A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with suspicious intestinal parasitic infections referred to the Zakaria Razi Laboratory in Shahre-Ray, southern Tehran, Iran, was conducted from April 21, 2004 to October 20, 2005. All stool samples were examined and socio-demographic informations were retrieved. Of 4,371 referred patients, 466 (239 males and 227 females) were laboratory diagnosed with intestinal parasites, with a period prevalence of 10.7%. Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis) and Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) were the most frequent intestinal parasites. More than half of patients aged ³ 18 years had a low level of educational attainment (e.g. illiterate, primary school, high school) (170/331, 54.1%). Further, majority of patients were homemakers (42.3%, 140/331) or workers (28.1%, 93/331) employed in various business settings such as food industry and construction. Findings of this study showed that intestinal parasitic infections are still a major public health challenge in Iran that needs to be addressed. We believe that public education, improving sanitation conditions of underdeveloped areas/communities, community involvement, and supporting evidence-based practice/programs are the major keys to success in preventing the spread of intestinal parasitic infections in Iran.
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Jumas-Bilak, Estelle, Philippe Bouvet, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Fabien Aujoulat, Paul A. Lawson, Hélène Jean-Pierre, and Hélène Marchandin. "Rarimicrobium hominis gen. nov., sp. nov., representing the fifth genus in the phylum Synergistetes that includes human clinical isolates." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_11 (November 1, 2015): 3965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000520.
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Five human clinical isolates of an unknown, strictly anaerobic, slow-growing, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped micro-organism were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogeny showed that the isolates grouped in a clade that included members of the genera Pyramidobacter, Jonquetella, and Dethiosulfovibrio; the type strain of Pyramidobacter piscolens was the closest relative with 91.5–91.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The novel strains were mainly asaccharolytic and unreactive in most conventional biochemical tests. Major metabolic end products in trypticase/glucose/yeast extract broth were acetic acid and propionic acid and the major cellular fatty acids were C13 : 0 and C16 : 0, each of which could be used to differentiate the strains from P. piscolens. The DNA G+C content based on whole genome sequencing for the reference strain 22-5-S 12D6FAA was 57 mol%. Based on these data, a new genus, Rarimicrobium gen. nov., is proposed with one novel species, Rarimicrobium hominis sp. nov., named after the exclusive and rare finding of the taxon in human samples. Rarimicrobium is the fifth genus of the 14 currently characterized in the phylum Synergistetes and the third one in subdivision B that includes human isolates. The type strain of Rarimicrobium hominis is ADV70T ( = LMG 28163T = CCUG 65426T).
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Ting, Patricia T., and Benjamin Barankin. "Cutaneous Myiasis from Panama, South America: Case Report and Review." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 12, no. 3 (May 2008): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2008.07027.
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Background: Myiasis is a cutaneous infestation with larvae of Diptera, the two-winged arthropod order. Eggs and/or larvae are transmitted directly from the environment or via arthropod vectors. Larvae are able to burrow into the dermis of intact skin or external body orifices. Three clinical variants of myiasis are furuncular, migratory (creeping), and infestation of wounds. Methods: A 35-year-old male presented with a 1-month history of worsening furuncles on the left knee and posterior thigh following his return from Panama, South America. Clinical examination revealed tender 6 cm and 2 cm erythematous to violaceous furuncles with surrounding desquamation and central puncta draining serosanguinous fluid. Five-millimeter punch biopsies and tissue swabs were performed. Results: All larvae were of the Dermatobia hominis species. The patient was empirically treated with cephalexin and ciprofloxacin for secondary bacterial cellulitis. Tissue swabs later cultured group B streptococcus. A tetanus booster was recommended. Conclusion: This case report describes a relatively rare cutaneous infestation with D. hominis, a Central and South American endemic larva of the human botfly. Increasing trends toward immigration and global travel to tropical and subtropic areas will likely increase the frequency of encounters with such parasitic cutaneous infestations in North American outpatient dermatology clinics.
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Vakkachan, Amala Panaparambil, Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar, Reshma Kalarical Janardhanan, Anusree Velappan Nair, Sayooj P., and Vijayagopal P. "Revisiting Substrate Specificity Concept in Microbial Screening Methodologies for Fish Waste Management." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 21, no. 07 (April 7, 2021): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_7_02.
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Microbial and enzymatic processing is an attractive area for production of valuable byproducts from fish waste. Functional screening methodologies for the purpose are still based on activities in non-specific substrates, and concept of substrate specificity is not yet validated. Therefore, reliability of using non-specific substrate for the purpose was checked. Results revealed the existence of a limited number of mutually inclusive positive isolates in non-specific and specific substrate based assays (13% for fish proteolysis and 22% for fish lipolysis), with no significant positive correlations (P>0.05). Further, using non-specific substrates in screening assays missed 57.1% and 53.33% of fish proteolytic and fish lipolytic microbes respectively, signifying the use of same substrates. Beyond methodological perspectives, the paper forms the first report on fish proteolytic activity of Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus vallismortis, Paenibacillus alvei, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis. Similarly, fish oil hydrolyzing capacities of B. tropicus, Cronobacter sakazakii, P. alvei, Paenibacillus pinisoli, Pantoea stewartii, S. hominis and Staphylococcus caprae are recorded for the first time. Further, the paper points out 6 and 3 potential microbial species producing > 1 protease units/ml and >1 enzymatic index for fish proteolytic and lipolytic activities, without any optimization, warranting future use in fish waste management.
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Chatwani, Ashwin, Paul Nyirjesy, and Soheil Amin-Hanjani. "Chronic Endometritis and Positive Mycoplasma Cultures: Is There a Correlation?" Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 3, no. 1 (1995): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1064744995000226.
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Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the impact of mycoplasma strains (Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum) on the development of chronic endometritis.Methods: Fifty-eight patients with acute pelvic infection were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Endometrial cultures and biopsies were obtained on admission and 5–7 and 21–28 days after completion of treatment.Results: Of 148 samples, 40 were positive for mycoplasma strains (group A) and 58 were positive for mycoplasma with other pathogens (group B). Twenty-seven samples were positive for other pathogens only (group C). Chronic endometritis was seen in 7 (17.5%), 30 (51.7%), and 10 (37%) in group A, B, and C patients, respectively.Conclusions: The presence of mycoplasma strains in the endometrial cavity was not found to be associated with an increased incidence of chronic endometritis.
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Shahid, SB, A. Wazib, A. Chowdhury, SM Shamsuzzaman, and KZ Mamun. "A Study on Different Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Intestinal Protozoal Infections." Bangladesh Medical Journal 40, no. 2 (April 4, 2014): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i2.18510.
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This cross sectional study was done from January 2009 to June 2010 in Microbiology department of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka on different laboratory methods for diagnosis of intestinal protozoal infections and their distribution among selected study population. Of the 375 stool samples evaluated, 103 (27.5%) samples were positive for the intestinal protozoa. The prevalence of G. intestinalis was highest (25.78%) followed by E. histolytica/dispar (8.98%). Other protozoa found were, E. coli (1.56%), B. hominis (1.95%), C. mesnilli (1.17%) and C. parvum (0. 78%). lron-hematoxyline stain showed highest sensitivity for detection of protozoa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i2.18510 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2011 Vol.40(2): 47-49
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Woolley, P. D., G. R. Kinghorn, K. W. Bennett, and A. Eley. "Significance of Barteroides Ureolyticus in the Lower Genital Tract." International Journal of STD & AIDS 3, no. 2 (March 1992): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249200300206.
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In a study to determine the significance of Bacteroides ureolyticus in the lower urogenital tract using a new selective and differential medium, this organism was isolated from 30.1% of asymptomatic men, 37.8% of men with genital warts, and 26.3% of men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Using the same selective medium B. ureolyticus was isolated from 49% of women attending the same genitourinary clinic with symptoms of vaginal discharge and/or pruritis vulvae, 44.1% of asymptomatic women, and 50% of asymptomatic women attending a local family planning clinic. Furthermore, this organism was isolated from 27.1% of women whose vaginal specimens isolated commensal organisms only, 43.2% with C. albicans, 59.4% with U. urealyticum, 74.4% with M. hominis, and 76.8% with G. vaginalis. On testing with the API ATB 32A test strips, 86% of the positive isolates of B. ureolyticus from the female genital tract were indistinguishable from those isolated from the male genital tract indicating that this organism is common to the lower genital tract of both sexes. These results indicate that B. ureolyticus is a commensal in the lower genital tract.
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Salehi, Mitra, Jalal Mardaneh, Hamid Reza Niazkar, Mohammadhaasan Minooeianhaghighi, Elahe Arshad, Fateme Soleimani, and Alireza Mohammadzadeh. "Prevalence and Subtype Analysis of Blastocystis hominis Isolated from Patients in the Northeast of Iran." Journal of Parasitology Research 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8821885.
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Blastocystis hominis is the most common intestinal parasite found in humans and many other hosts. Pathogenicity of Blastocystis spp. remains controversial, and it has been suggested that it may be associated with specific subtypes of the organism. This study identified the B. hominis subtypes and their prevalence rates in the northeast of Iran. A total of 1878 samples were collected from the northeast of Iran from January to December 2017. The patients’ demographic details were recorded. Samples were examined by a wet mount, and genomic DNA was extracted from positive samples. Also, PCR was done on the positive samples, and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were subsequently performed. From 1878 collected stool samples, 152 (8.1%) Blastocystis samples were detected by the microscopic method. Of the 152 samples, Blastocystis spp. were found in 53.6% of the men and 28.9% of the women who showed clinical gastrointestinal symptoms, and a significant relationship was observed between gender and clinical symptoms ( P = 0.002 ). A meaningful relationship was found between the season and infection with this parasite ( P value = 0.003). The results of the sequencing of 22 PCR products showed the dominance of ST3, which was isolated from 10 (45.45%) patients, while ST1, ST2, and ST7 were found in 4 (18.19%), 7 (31.81%), and 1 (4.55%) patients, respectively. In this study, ST7 had a low prevalence in the northeast of Iran, and similar to previous studies, ST3 was the dominant subtype.
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Kasai, Nobuko, Solange Maria Gennari, Sandra Mayumi Nishi, and João Pamphilo Di Giacomo. "Eficácia e persistência da associação de cipermetrina 4,5 % + DDVP 50% (Ectofarma®) no controle do Boophilus microplus e de larvas de Dermatobia hominis em bovinos leiteiros, mestiços, naturalmente infestados." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 34, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-3659.v34i1p44-47.
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Testou-se a sensibilidade da cepa de B. microplus do campus de Pirassununga da USP ao Ectofarma®, na diluição 1:400 através dobiocarrapaticidograma. A ovipostura no grupo tratado (A) foi reduzida em 95,34%, em relação ao grupo-controle (B) e a eclosão de larvas provenientes dos ovos do grupo B foi de 100%, enquanto no grupo A não ocorreu eclosão. Diante desse resultado, efetuou-se o teste a campo, utilizando dois grupos de nove bovinos mestiços. No dia 0 os números médios de B. microplus a 5 mm e de bernes nos animais dos dois grupos eram estatisticamente iguais. Os bovinos do grupo A foram aspergidos com o produto na mesma diluição utilizada no teste in vitro. Os carrapatos foram contados nos dias 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 e os bernes no 3fi dia pós-tratamento (dpt) e depois, semanalmente, até a 68 semana. Houve redução drástica no número médio de carrapatos do grupo A do primeiro ao 210 dpt, aumentando a partir de 28® dpt. A redução do número médio de larvas de D. hominis chegou a 65% no 35 dpt, nos animais do grupo tratado, e embora a eficácia do produto tenha sido baixa, o número médio de bernes no grupo A foi sempre menor do que no grupo B, após o tratamento.
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Kukhtyn, M. D., Y. V. Horyuk, V. V. Horyuk, T. Y. Yaroshenko, O. I. Vichko, and O. S. Pokotylo. "Biotype characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and dairy products of private production in the western regions of Ukraine." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2017): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021760.
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Prevention of foodborne diseases is a priority for the world health system. In the process of manufacturing milk and dairy products, the most important factor endangering their safety is seeding with a conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Listeria and other microorganisms that reproduce in dairy products without changing their organoleptic properties are a particular danger. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic, conditionally pathogenic microorganism that often contaminates raw milk and dairy products. The aim of the research presented in this article was to determine the dissemination of S. aureus in milk and milk products of household production in the western regions of Ukraine, to identify the biotypes of S. aureus, production of enterotoxins and the presence of methicillin-resistant strains. S. aureus was isolated on BD Baird-Parker Agar. The biotypes of S. aureus were determined according to Meer. The determination of MRSA was carried out on the chromogenic Agar chromID MRSA ("Biomerioux", Russia). The mecA gene was determined using the LightCycler MRSA Advanced Test with LightCycler 2.0 primer (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Germany). To determine staphylococcal enterotoxins, the test system RIDASCREENSET A, B, C, D, E (R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) was used. We isolated saprophyte staphylococci from milk of raw and dairy products in western regions of Ukraine in 82.7–97.4% of samples. S. aureus is much more rarely isolated from these dairy products, so it was isolated from sour cream at 62.8 ± 0.9%, from milk at 35.5 ± 1.3% and cottage cheese at 23.0 ± 1.6%. Of the most well0known biotypes of S. aureus present in milk of raw and dairy products of domestic production, two ecological types were distinguished: human and cattle. In this case S. aureus var. hominis was isolated more often than in S. aureus var. bovis. This gives grounds to believe that the main source of contamination with milk staphylococci of raw and dairy products of domestic production is people. Enterotoxin type A, which causes foodborne toxemia, was produced by S. aureus in 40.0 ± 0.5% of cases. Consequently, home-produced dairy products can spread staphylococcal toxicity caused by S. aureus var. hominis. It was found that 17.8 ± 0.6% of S. aureus var. hominis were resistant to methicillin, which is 1.8 times greater than that of S. aureus var. bovis. This gives grounds to consider that there is a risk of MRSA infection to consumers of home-produced dairy products. All methicillin-resistant staphylococci studied produced enterotoxins.
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MOLINI, UMBERTO, DONATO TRAVERSA, GIUSEPPE CESCHIA, RAFFAELLA IORIO, LUCIANO BOFFO, AURELIO ZENTILIN, GIOIA CAPELLI, and ANNUNZIATA GIANGASPERO. "Temporal Occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Northern Adriatic Italian Lagoons." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.2.494.
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In order to evaluate the temporal occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Ruditapes philippinarum clams bred along the northeastern Italian Adriatic coast and molecularly characterize the isolates, 2,160 specimens (180 clams per month) were collected from three clam farms from January to December 2004. Two farms (sites A and B) were located in Venice (Chioggia, Veneto region) and one (site C) in the Marano Lagoons (Friuli Venezia Giulia region). Clams from 36 pools (i.e., one pool of 60 clams per month per site) were subjected to a high-sensitivity seminested PCR assay specific for a 360-bp diagnostic region internal to the Cryptosporidium spp. outer wall protein gene. Positive amplicons were sequenced and analyzed. Cryptosporidium DNA was found in clams from seven pools (sites A and B) during 1 month of sampling at site A and 6 months of sampling at site B, with Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum being detected. The expected infection rate of the clams was 0.36%. Site B showed a significantly higher expected infection rate (1.15%) than did the other sites (A = 0.14% and C = 0%). Given its high sensitivity and specificity, this seminested PCR assay can be considered a reliable tool for detecting and distinguishing species within the Cryptosporidium genus. The seasonal pattern of contamination and the related public health risks are of particular concern.