Academic literature on the topic 'B-Lymphocytes B-lymfocyten'

Abstract INTRODUCTION Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood malignancy in the western countries. Epidemiological reports and animal observations suggest a possible association between maternal viral infections during pregnancy and subsequent development of childhood ALL. A maternal viral infection during pregnancy, which is transferred to the foetus in a critical time during foetal hematopoesis, could initiate a preleukemic clone. A postnatal molecular event, during maximum stress on lymfocyte precursor proliferation, could then expand the preleukemic clone. A possible infectious agent should be able to cross the placenta and induce genomic instability in the foetal lymphocytes, without causing severe foetal abnormalities. Candidate viruses could be the Human Polyoma viruses (JC Virus and BK virus), Human Parvovirus B 19, Human Herpes virus 6 (HHV 6), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Cytomegalo virus (CMV). In order to investigate if children who later develop ALL were prenatally infected with these viruses, Guthrie cards taken at birth were analysed by PCR. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS Capillary blood routinely collected at 3–5 days of age and stored on Guthrie cards, were retrieved from 54 patients who later developed ALL. A total of 50 of these children had been diagnosed as pre-B ALL (either CD10+, CD20+, FAB LI or L2) and four were diagnosed as T-ALL (CD3+ or CD8+). The median age of diagnosis was 5 years (range from 9 months to 17 years, mean 5,9 years). These children had been admitted for treatment at four different Paediatric Oncology Swedish Centres from 1980–2001. The control group were 47 healthy controls matched for age and birth place. DNA was extracted from the original Guthrie cards, using Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) to eluate the blood. Presence of BKV and JCV DNA were analysed by a nested PCR, amplifying a 176 and 173 bp segment respectively. Presence of Parvovirus B19 DNA was analysed by the NS1-PCR, amplifying a 284 bp segment. Presence of HHV 6 DNA was analysed by a nested PCR, amplifying a 173 bp segment. Presence of EBV DNA was analysed by a nested PCR, amplifying a 208 bp segment. Presence of CMV DNA was analysed by a Real Time PCR. To exclude the possibility of negative results due to failure to extract DNA, all samples were tested by a HLA-DQ PCR. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In order to detect if a viral in utero infection could initiate the development of ALL we analysed presence of BKV, JCV, HHV 6, Parvorirus B19 and CMV by PCR in from Guthrie cards at birth, in 54 patents that later developed ALL and 47 matched healthy control patients. No viral DNA was detected in the samples from ALL patients or in the healthy controls. All samples contained amplifiable DNA when tested by HLA-DQ PCR. Thus, it is less likely that childhood ALL is associated to an in utero infection of BKV, JCV, HHV 6, Parvorirus B19, EBVor CMV. However, it is not possible to exclude an association with a latent utero infection with very low levels of circulating virus at birth. In view of the epidemiological evidence between childhood ALL and infection, the search for a viral etiology must continue.

Syfte: Att ta reda på hur relationen ser ut för B- respektive T-lymfocyter i biopsier av rotfyllda tänder med apikal parodontit med bedömd låggradig inflammation. Denna studie kommer även att analysera hur den inflammatoriska bilden ser ut i förhållande till beskrivna symtom i dessa biopsier. Material &amp; metod: En pilotstudie utfördes på 10 biopsier från rotfyllda tänder med apikal parodontit med bedömd låggradig inflammation enligt Danesh et al 2019 klassificeringssystem. Biopsierna hämtades från Malmö universitets biobank. Immunhistokemisk infärgning av antigenerna CD20+ och CD3+ utfördes samt analyserades med hjälp av digitalmikroskop. Jämförelsen av symtomen från remisserna skedde efter att de histologiska resultaten sammanställts. Resultat: Det fanns fler T-lymfocyter än B-lymfocyter i 6 stycken av biopsierna. I de resterande 4 biopsierna var de lika många. I remisserna hade symtombilden inte angetts föralla biopsier. Slutsats: Enligt vår pilotstudie ser vi tendenser till att T-lymfocyter är fler än B-lymfocyter eller att de är lika många. Inga slutsatser kunde dras gällande symtombilden. Ett större material från olika remittenter krävs för definitiva slutsatser. En vidare infärgning av CD4+ samt CD8+ skulle vara intressant.<br>Aim: To investigate the relation between B- and T- lymphocytes in biopsies of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis with assessed low-grade inflammation. This study will also analyse what the inflammation looks like in relation to the symptoms described in these biopsies.  Study design: A pilot study was performed on 10 biopsies of root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis with assessed low-grade inflammation according to the classification system of Danesh et al 2019. The biopsies were collected from Malmö University's biobank. An immunohistochemical staining of antigens CD20+ and CD3+ were performed and analysed by a digital microscope. A comparison of the symptoms from the referrals were performed once the histological results were compiled. Results: There were more T-lymphocytes than B-lymphocytes in 6 of the biopsies. In the remaining 4 biopsies there were an equal amount of B- and T-lymphocytes. The symptoms were not stated for all biopsies in the referrals.  Conclusion: According to our pilot study, we see tendencies that T lymphocytes are more than B lymphocytes or that they are equal. No conclusions could be drawn regarding the symptom picture. Larger material from different referrers is required for definitive conclusions. A further staining of CD4 + and CD8 + would be interesting.