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J. M. S. Al-Shahery, Nahla, and Roqaya A. Salih. "Proficiency of Broccoli (Brassice oleracea) Juice in Recovering of Testosterone Andriol-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 31, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/31.2.1957.
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The current study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of broccoli plant in therapy of PCOS that induced for the first time by testosterone andriol (T.A).
Forty-eight immature female rats (21 days old) were divided into 6 groups (8 rats each) as follows: G1, animals were injected with sesame oil for 39 cascade days (control). G2, animals were injected with 1mg/100g b.w of T.A for 39 cascade days. G3, animals were injected with 1mg/100g b.w of T.A gathered with gavaged broccoli juice (b.j) for 39 cascade days. G4, animals were injected with sesame oil for cascade 39 days at the end of last injection were gavaged with d.w for 30 cascade days. G5, animals were injected with 1 mg/100g b.w of T.A for 39 cascade days and at the end of last injection were gavaged with d.w for 30 cascade days. G6, animals were injected with 1mg/100g b.w of T.A for 39 days and at the end of the last injection were gavaged with b.j for 30 cascade days. T.A-induced PCOS rats (G2 and G5) in comparison with controls (G1 and G4) exhibited that had a significant (P≤0.01) increase in the b.w, ovarian, uterine and fat pads weights as well as the fat cells diameter. Additionally, these groups had acyclicity, high numbers of ovarian cysts, atretic and preantral follicles in the ovaries, lowering the number and the diameter of C.L., and uterine changes. The levels of T, E and LH, an insulin, glucose, LDL, cholesterol in the serum were increased whereas the levels of FSH, LDH were decreased.
Therefore, T.A PCOS model could be appropriated for studied all the features of syndrome i.e, ovarian, metabolic and endocrinologiccal disturbances. Whereas all these measurements of G3 and G6 were ameliorated and recovered into their normalcy. Our findings have shown the benefit of consuming broccoli in the protection (G3) and prevention (G6) of PCOS.
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Ilic, Ana, Dusan Todorovic, Slavica Mutavdzin, Novica Boricic, Biljana Bozic Nedeljkovic, Sanja Stankovic, Tatjana Simic, Predrag Stevanovic, Vera Celic, and Dragan Djuric. "Translocator Protein Modulation by 4′-Chlorodiazepam and NO Synthase Inhibition Affect Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Isoprenaline-Induced Rat Myocardial Infarction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062867.
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The possible cardioprotective effects of translocator protein (TSPO) modulation with its ligand 4′-Chlorodiazepam (4′-ClDzp) in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced rat myocardial infarction (MI) were evaluated, alone or in the presence of L-NAME. Wistar albino male rats (b.w. 200–250 g, age 6–8 weeks) were divided into 4 groups (10 per group, total number N = 40), and certain substances were applied: 1. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice), 2. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + L-NAME 50 mg/kg b.w., 3. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + 4′-ClDzp 0.5 mg/kg b.w., 4. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + 4′-ClDzp 0.5 mg/kg b.w. + L-NAME 50 mg/kg b.w. Blood and cardiac tissue were sampled for myocardial injury and other biochemical markers, cardiac oxidative stress, and for histopathological evaluation. The reduction of serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T hs cTnT and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), then significantly decreased levels of serum homocysteine Hcy, urea, and creatinine, and decreased levels of myocardial injury enzymes activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as lower grades of cardiac ischemic changes were demonstrated in ISO-induced MI treated with 4′-ClDzp. It has been detected that co-treatment with 4′-ClDzp + L-NAME changed the number of registered parameters in comparison to 4′-ClDzp group, indicating that NO (nitric oxide) should be important in the effects of 4′-ClDzp.
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Shirley, Brenda W. "Reply from B.W. Shirley." Trends in Plant Science 2, no. 1 (January 1997): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(97)82731-8.
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Nikolaeva, Valentina V. "B.W. Zeigarnik and Pathopsychology." Psychology in Russia: State of Art 5, no. 1 (2011): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2011.0010.
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Kapil Kumar, Praveen K Dixit, Harshit Takru, and Nagarajan K. "Assessment of Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Tinospora Cordifolia & Juglans Regia Composite Extract in STZ Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4356.
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The present study explored the assessment of the antidiabetic potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia composite extract in STZ induced diabetes in wistar rats. As streptozotocin -associated infiltrations of increase glucose level has been reported to be responsible for diabetes. We evaluated the glucose lowering potential of Tinospora cordifolia & Juglans regia on the basis of its anti-diabetic property. Rats were administered streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p., once) with nicotinamide (120mg/kg) to induce experimental toxicity. The development of diabetes was assessed biochemically as well as histologically 72 hours after induction of diabetes. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined in (0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th) days. Serum lipid profile and enzyme estimated, (kidney, liver, pancreas) tissue was measured at the end of the experimental period. Treatment with composite extracts TCAE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRAE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) and TCHE high dose (350 gm/kg b.w.) & JRHE high dose (800 mg/kg b.w.) were noted to be more effective against the streptozotocin- induced toxicity as compared to Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.). it may be concluded that streptozotocin-induced glucose may be accountable for the induction of diabetes toxicity in rats. Interestingly, improvement in body weight, glucose level, lipid profiles, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in kidney, liver and pancreas was observed following herbal treatment in STZ induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, composite extract of TCAE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRAE (800mg/kg b.w.) was found to be efficacious than the composite extract of TCHE (350mg/kg b.w.) & JRHE (800mg/kg b.w.).
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Siahaan, Jekson Martiar, Syaffruddin Illyas, Dharma Lindarto, and Marline Nainggolan. "The Effect of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Chayote fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) on the Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance of Male White Rat Model Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (December 15, 2020): 962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4517.
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BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) causes insulin resistance and disordered insulin secretion. Pathomechanisms of T2D consist of dysfunctional pancreatic β-cell and insulin resistance caused by free radical (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) that produced from the glucose metabolism pathway. Insulin resistance can be measured using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Oxidative stress can measure through the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
AIM: This research aims to study the potential of chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) to be used as antihyperglycemic in T2D.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted with a post-test randomized controlled group design. Eleven groups with four male rats each were used. Normal untreated rats were treated under ad libitum feeding and drinking condition. Meanwhile, the rat models were induced with the combination of 45 mg/kg b.w. streptozotocin, 110 mg/kg b.w. nicotinamide, 40.5 mg/kg b.w. metformin, high-fat diet, and/or chayote extract. The chayote extract was orally administered to the rat in the form of ethanol extract and/or ethyl acetate fraction, with three dosages of 45 mg/kg b.w., 100 mg/kg b.w., and 150 mg/kg b.w. for each extract type. The body weight, glucose level, insulin level, MDA, and SOD activities were measured. The HOMA-IR was used.
RESULTS: The lowest body weight of the rat model in week 0 was 145 ± 25.31, founded in Group H that was treated with ethyl acetate fraction of chayote extract (45 mg/kg b.w.). The lowest blood sugar level in the group with 2 h glucose load was 112.5 ± 27.00 on average, found in Group G that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract (150 mg/kg b.w.). The highest SOD in the group treated with chayote extract was 1.27 ± 0.20, founded in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest level of MDA was 0.86 ± 0.70 in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest fasting blood sugar spectrophotometer level was 150.54 ± 17.24 mg/dl in Group K with metformin treatment, followed by 155.16 ± 31.92 mg/dl in Group K treated 45 mg/kg b.w. ethanol treatment. The highest insulin level was 6.14 ± 0.71, founded in Group F that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract 100 mg/kg b.w. The lowest measurement of HOMA-IR was 0.16 ± 0.80 in Group E treated with ethanol extract of chayote 45 mg/kg b.w.
CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract and fractionation of chayote work as an antioxidant and anti-insulin resistance.
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Lerza, Roberto, Giuseppe Bogliolo, Manlio Mencoboni, Alberto Saviane, and Ivo Pannacciulli. "Studies on Hemotoxicity of Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Cis-Diamminodichloroplatinum Combined with Sodium-2-Mercaptoethane Sulfonate." Tumori Journal 74, no. 3 (June 1988): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168807400316.
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The possible protective action of sodium-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (mesna) on hemotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs was tested in normal mice. Mesna (100 mg/kg b.w.) was injected i.v. 1 h before the i.v. administration of cyclophosphamide (10, 120, and 200 mg/kg b.w.), doxorubicin (4.32, 7.2, and 12 mg/kg b.w.) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (5.4, 9, and 15 mg/kg b.w.). Results show that in this experimental model mesna does not seem to protect against toxicity of the tested anticancer drug on hemopoietic progenitor cells.
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Sindhu, Rakesh, and Sandeep Arora. "Anti-inflammatory potential of different extracts isolated from the roots of Ficus lacor buch. Hum and Murraya koenigii L. spreng." Archives of Biological Sciences 66, no. 3 (2014): 1261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1403261s.
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of Murraya koenigii root extracts petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform (MKPE, MKEA and MKCF, respectively) and Ficus lacor aerial root extracts petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol (FLPE , FLET, FLCF and FLET, respectively) at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) using animal models of acute inflammation (carrageenan-, histamine- and serotonin-induced inflammation). The results of the Murraya koenigii roots chloroform extract caused 66.4% inhibition and the ethanol extract of Ficus lacor aerial roots caused 68.3% inhibition at the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. At a higher dose of 100 mg/kg b.w., MKPE and MKCF showed 55.10% and 70.10% inhibition, respectively. FLPE and FLET showed 74.50% and 75.40% inhibition, respectively, in the carrageenan-induced inflammation model. In histamine-induced inflammation, the MKCF showed 60% inhibition, and 67.01% and 68.02% inhibition with the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts, respectively, in Ficus lacor aerial roots at the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. At a higher dose (100 mg/kg b.w.), MKCF showed 64% inhibition. FLPE and FLET showed 70.13%and 74.01% inhibition, respectively; 62.15% and 66.10% inhibition was observed with the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Ficus lacor aerial roots at 50 mg/kg b.w. At higher dose (100 mg/kg b.w.), FLPE and FLET showed 69.10% and 68.72% inhibition in serotonin-induced inflammation.
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Abed saleh, Ahmed Najim. "The analgesic activity of Mentha piperita (MP) leaves extract." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 34, no. 2 (December 30, 2010): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v34i2.633.
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In the present work, the antinociceptive action was assayed in several experiment models in mice, Hot plate, writhing and formalin test. The alcoholic extract of MP leaves at a dose of 150mg/kg B.W and 300 mg/kgB.W showed antinociceptive effects in different methods, where the dose of 300 mg/kg B.W showed significant reduction of the nociception by acetic acid. In the formalin test, the extract (300mg/kg B.W) also significantly reduced painful stimulus in both phases of the test. Treatment with extract (300mg/kg B.W) when given orally produced significant increase of the reaction time in hot plate test. These results showed that the leaves extract of MP contain active analgesic principles acting both centrally and peripherally.
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Jayaprasad, B., P. S. Sharavanan, and R. Sivaraj. "Acute Toxicity and Dose Fixation Studies on Chloroxylon swietenia Dc Bark Extracts on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats." International Letters of Natural Sciences 48 (November 2015): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.48.8.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality worldwide. Chloroxylonswietenia has been used extensively in folkloric medicine. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity of Chloroxylonswietenia bark methanol (CSBMEt) and aqueous extracts (CSBAEt) (100, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) and dose fixation of CSBMEt and CSBAEt in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w). The diabetic rats were administered with Chloroxylonswietenia bark extracts (CSBMEt and CSBAEt) (75,125 and 250mg/kg b.w) orally by intragastric intubation for 15 days. Acute toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the CSBMEt and CSBAEt. No lethality or toxic reactions found at any doses until the end of study, whereas 75 and 125 mg/kg b.w. doses of CSBMEt and CSBAEt produce no significant changes in the diabetic rats and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt have significant change in the blood glucose. The results conclude that, there was no toxicity observed up to 1000mg/kg b.w. of both the extracts and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt can be used as effective dose to treat diabetes.
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Baralić, Katarina, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic, Katarina Živančević, Evica Antonijević, Milena Anđelković, Dragana Javorac, Marijana Ćurčić, Zorica Bulat, Biljana Antonijević, and Danijela Đukić-Ćosić. "Toxic Effects of the Mixture of Phthalates and Bisphenol A—Subacute Oral Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030746.
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Phthalates and bisphenol A, classified as endocrine disruptors, have weak estrogenic, anti-androgenic properties, and affect thyroid hormone regulation. The aim of this study on male rats was to compare the subacute toxic effects of low doses of single compounds (bis (2 –ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bisphenol A (BPA)) with the effects of their mixture through different biochemical, hormonal, and hematological parameters. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: Control (corn oil), DEHP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), DBP (50 mg/kg b.w./day), BPA (25 mg/kg b.w./day), and MIX (50 mg/kg b.w./day DEHP + 50 mg/kg b.w/day DBP + 25 mg/kg b.w./day BPA). Animals were sacrificed after 28 days of oral treatment and blood was collected for further analysis. The results demonstrated that the mixture produced significant changes in lipid profile, liver-related biochemical parameters, and glucose level. Furthermore, the opposite effects of single substances on the thyroxine level have been shown in comparison with the mixture, as well as a more pronounced effect of the mixture on testosterone level. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the toxicology of mixtures and gives one more evidence of the paramount importance of mixture toxicity studies, especially in assessing the endocrine disruptive effects of chemicals.
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Igbokwe, Ugochukwu Vincent, EZE EJIKE DANIEL, Moses Dele Adams, Karima Mohammed Rabiu, Ezekiel Iliya, Prisca Ojochogu Ajeka, and Adam Moyosore Afodun. "TETRACARPIDIUM CONOPHORUM EXTRACT EXHIBITS ANTI-FATIGUE ACTIVITY IN RATS VIA REDUCED PROTEIN CATABOLISM, INCREASED ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND DELAYED LACTATE ELEVATION." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-608.
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Thirty rats of both sexes were assigned into 5 categories of six animals apiece. Animals in the unadministered (control) group were placed on distilled water. Group 1M and Group 1F animals were administered 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of T. conophorum aqueous nut extract whereas animals in Group 2M and Group 2F were administered 750 mg/kg dosage of the extricate (0.5 ml) orally once daily for 32 days. Phytoconstituents present in the extract include: saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and alkaloids. The extract at 750mg/kg b.w notably (p<0.05) raised extracellular glucose in masculine rats when matched with males that received 500 mg/kg b.w. The 500 mg/kg dose of the extract appreciably (p<0.05) elevated BUN in both sexes, but with reduction in both groups at 750 mg/kg b.w when juxtaposed with their respective untreated animals. The extract at 500 mg/kg b.w increased LDH activity in male group when compared with male rats that received 750 mg/kg dose. The 750-extract dosage did not statistically (p>0.05) alter LDH activity in both sexes. The extract at 500 and 750mg/kg b.w increased the 3rd‒6th swim in male rats. Substantive (p<0.05) rise in swimming endurance time was first noticed at the 2nd swim when matched up with the control and group treated 500 mg/kg b.w, in female rats. Sequel to these research findings, it is hypothesized that the anti-weakness effect of T. conophorum might be adduced to delayed increase in lactate and reduction in protein catabolism
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NTULI, D. B. Z., and J. A. Louw. "THE POETRY OF B.W. VILAKAZI." South African Journal of African Languages 7, sup2 (January 1987): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586741.
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Olayinka, Ebenezer Tunde, Ayokanmi Ore, Olaniyi Solomon Ola, and Oluwatobi Adewumi Adeyemo. "Protective Effect of Quercetin on Melphalan-Induced Oxidative Stress and Impaired Renal and Hepatic Functions in Rat." Chemotherapy Research and Practice 2014 (December 11, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/936526.
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One major challenge with the use of anticancer agents is the phenomenon of drug-induced toxicity. Melphalan (MPLN) is an alkylating anticancer agent, while quercetin (QCT) is an antioxidant. We investigated the protective role of quercetin against MPLN-induced toxicity. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (160–170 g) were randomized into five treatment groups; (I) control, (II) MPLN (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), (III) pre-treated with QCT (20 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days followed by MPLN (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days, (IV) cotreated with QCT (20 mg/kg b.w.) and MPLN (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days, and (V) QCT (20 mg/kg b.w.) alone. MPLN caused a significant increase in plasma bilirubin, urea, and creatinine by 122.2%, 102.3%, and 188%, respectively (P<0.05). Similarly, plasma ALP, ALT, AST, and γ-GT activities increased significantly by 57.9%, 144.3%, 71.3%, and 307.2%, respectively, relative to control. However, pre or cotreatment with QCT ameliorated the levels of renal and hepatic function indices. Hepatic ascorbic acid and GSH and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, SOD, and catalase decreased significantly by 36.2%, 188%, 46.5%, 34.4%, and 55.2%, respectively, followed by increase in MDA content by 46.5% relative to control. Pre- and cotreatment with QCT reestablished the hepatic antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. Overall, quercetin protected against MPLN-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats.
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Al-Zyadi, Atyaf J. H. "The therapeutic role of alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds on hypothyroidism state induced by thiourea and some blood parameters in adult male rabbits." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 39, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i1.187.
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This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum graecum) on thyroid gland function in adult male rabbits exposed to thiourea that induce hypothyroidism state. Thirty adult male rabbits weighing 1500-2000 gm were used, and randomly divided into five equal groups (6 rabbits/group) and treated daily for 42 days as follows: First group (control), (T1) group were treated with alcoholic extract of fenugreek seed(200mg/ kg .B.W. orally), (T2) group were treated with thiourea (10 mg/kg. B.W. orally), (T3) group were treated once thiourea daily by (10 mg/ kg. B.W) and after (3) hours given alcoholic extract of fenugreek 200 mg/kg B.W., and (T4) group were treated once thiourea daily by (10mg /kg B.W) and after (3) hour given levothyroxine (10 ug/kg B.W). Blood samples were collected at (0, 14, 28 and 42) days of the experiment for measuring the concentration of hematological parameters. Blood parameters (HB, RBC, WBC, and PCV) were analyzed in this study. The results showed significant increase in (HB, RBC, WBC and PCV) in (T1) group significantly decreased in (T2) groups, while (T3 and T4) groups showed a significant increase of these parameters and their values appeared closely to control group. In conclusion supplementation of fenugreek seeds extract and levothyroxine have therapeutic effects against harmful effect of thiourea
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Dewi, Rosita, and Rena Normasari. "Protective Effect of Cassava Leaf Extract on Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxity In Mice." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v5i3.13815.
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Abstract
Gentamicin usage can cause the damage of liver structure and function. The basic mechanism inducing liver damage from gentamicin is lipid peroxidation in cell membrane and the suppresion of antioxidant defence system in liver. Antioxidant in cassava leaf such as vitamin C, carotene, flavonoid, dan mineral can protect liver from drug toxicity effect. This research aimed to determine hepatoprotective effect of cassava leaf through microscopic observation of liver histopathology slide of mice induced by gentamicin. The research design was post test only control group design. Mice were divided into five groups, normal group, positive control (gentamicin 80 mg/kg b.w.); P1, P2, and P3 (gentamicin 80 mg/kg b.w. and cassava leaf extract 150 mg/kg b.w., 300 mg/kg b.w., 450 mg/kg b.w. respectively, for 14 days). The average score of liver cell damage was determined by microscopic observation of 200 liver cells undergoing parenchymal degeneration, hidrophic degeneration, and necrosis. One Way Anova analysis showed significant difference among the groups (p<0,05) and Post Hoc Tukey HSD test showed that cassava leaf extract at the dose level of 450 mg/kg b.w. resulted significant liver cell characteristic improvement in liver histophatology slide (p<0,05) compared to positive control group. It could be concluded that cassava leaf extract had protective effect on gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Keywords: cassava leaf extract, hepatotoxicity, gentamicin, liver histopathology
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Zlatanova, Hristina I., Ilin K. Kandilarov, Ilia D. Kostadinov, Delian P. Delev, and Maria T. Georgieva-Kotetarova. "Experimental Study of the Analgesic Effect of the Antidepressant Escitalopram." Folia Medica 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0003.
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Abstract Background: Antidepressants have been found to possess antinociceptive and analgesic properties and are prescribed in the treatment of chronic pain. Aim: To evaluate the antinociceptive properties of escitalopram after a single administration. Materials and methods: Forty Wistar rats were used in the study. They were divided into 5 groups (n=8) treated with saline solution (control group), metamizole (150 mg/kg b.w.), escitalopram (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. The nociceptive tests we used employed thermal (hot plate and plantar test), mechanical (analgesimeter) and chemical (formalin test) stimuli. Criteria for analgesic effect were increased latency in hot plate, plantar test, analgesimeter and decreased paw licking time in formalin test. Results: The reference analgesic metamizole showed significant analgesic effect in all tests excluding the first phase with formalin. Escitalopram in doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg b.w. increased paw withdrawal latency in analgesimeter at 2 hours compared to control. Escitalopram in a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. increased the duration of the stay on the hot plate at 1 hour, while doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. significantly increased this indicator at 1 and 3 hours in comparison to the saline treated group. In the plantar test, escitalopram in all used doses significantly increased the nociceptive response latency compared to control. A dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. decreased hind paw licking time during phase 1 of the formalin test, whereas doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. decreased phase 2 licking time compared to the control group. Conclusion: The antidepressant escitalopram has analgesic properties but they are not dose- or time-dependent.
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Panda, Siva Prasad, Asit Kumar Sarangi, and Uttam Prasad Panigrahy. "ISOLATION OF CUCURBITACIN-B FROM CUCUMIS CALLOSUS AND ITS HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT IN ISOLATED RAT ENTEROCYTES." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i5.25788.
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Objective: The pericarp of fruits of Cucumis callous (Rottl.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is traditionally used for curing diabetes, epilepsy, and diarrhea. It has an active compound include Cucurbitacin-B (CuB), which acts as a potent inducer of CYP450 of rat enterocytes. This study was conducted with the aim of elaborating and reconciling our previous finding on the glucose-lowering effect of Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. fruits.Methods: In vivo hypoglycemic potential for methanolic pericarp extracts from C callosus (MPCC, 350 mg/kg b.w. p. o), methanolic seed extract of C callosus (MSCC, 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o) and CuB (80 µg/kg b.w. p. o) were studied in streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg b.w. i. p) induced diabetic rats. Metformin (25 mg/kg b.w. p. o) served as reference drug. Ex vivo model of intestinal tissue preparation of Swiss albino rats named Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) technique was performed for ex vivo hypoglycemic study. The glucose levels in the serosal fluid were determined by commercially available glucose oxidase kit and compared with the standard drug metformin (0.1 mg/kg).Results: In vivo results showed that administration of MPCC (350 mg/kg b.w. p. o) and Cucurbitacin-B (80 µg/kg b.w. p. o) produced the hypoglycemic effect. The MPCC (1.4 mg/kg) and CuB (0.4 µg/kg) produced hypoglycemic effect in ex vivo technique. These effects are due to induction of 0.53 mµmoles of CYP450 proteins with maximum absorption at 454 mµ in rat enterocytes.Conclusion: The present investigation gave evidence that bitter pericarp of C callosus fruit has a hypoglycemic effect due to the presence of Cucurbitacin B as phytoconstituent but seeds did not have such effects.
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Kirsz, Katarzyna, Małgorzata Szczęsna, Edyta Molik, Tomasz Misztal, and Dorota A. Zięba. "Induction of the Secretion of LH and GH by Orexin A and Ghrelin is Controlled in Vivo by Leptin and Photoperiod in Sheep." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0041.
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Abstract The influence of leptin on orexin A and the interaction of leptin with ghrelin in regulating the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in seasonally polyestrous animals are not well understood. This study examined the effects of these factors as well as the mediating roles of specific ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA; mutant D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A) and photoperiod on luteinizing hormone (LH) and growth hormone (GH) secretion. Twenty-four ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted ewes were used in a replicated switchback design. The ewes were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 treatments (infused into the third ventricle 3 times at 0 (dusk), 1, and 2 h) as follows: control, Ringer-Locke buffer; leptin, 0.5 μg/kg b.w.; orexin A, 0.3 μg/kg b.w.; ghrelin, 2.5 μg/kg b.w.; SOLA, 50 μg/kg b.w. + orexin A, 0.3 μg/kg b.w.; and SOLA, 50 μg/kg b.w. + ghrelin, 2.5 μg/kg b.w. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected at 15-min intervals for 4 h. SOLA + orexin A resulted in an increase (P<0.01) in the LH plasma concentration during short-day (SD) and long-day (LD) photoperiods. However, ghrelin and SOLA + ghrelin had the opposite effect. SOLA + orexin A resulted in an increase (P<0.001) in the GH concentration compared with leptin or orexin A during the LD season. Ghrelin and SOLA + ghrelin increased the GH concentration (P<0.01) regardless of the season. In summary, LH and GH secretion are seasonally dependent on relationships that are subject to photoperiodic regulation, and leptin is an important regulator of the effects of ghrelin and orexin A on the activities of the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in sheep.
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Hussen, Wassan M. "Protective Role of Pomegranate Peel Extract on Testis in Adult Male Rabbits Treated with Carbon Tetrachloride." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.258.
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The aim of the present study is to prepare ethanol extract of Pomegranate peel and the effects of this extract on testicular weight to body weight ratio, Serum cholesterol, testosterone concentration and histopathological changes of testes in rabbits treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty four adult male rabbits were used. They were divided randomly into four equal groups. Animals were treated for 56 days as following: Rabbits of the 1st group were received 1 ml distal water orally once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week as control group. The second group were treated I.P with 500mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (0.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T1). The third group was received pomegranate peel extract orally (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week (group T2). The fourth group were received pomegranate peel extract (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day oral I.P with 500 mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T3). Blood samples were collected at (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56) days for measuring testosterone concentration, Serum cholesterol after treatments. Animals weighed and scarified and testis were removed and weighed, Samples of testis were taken for histopathological study. The results of the present study showed that treatment with pomegranate peel extract causes a significant (P>0.05) increase in testicular weight to body weight ratio. Also a significant (P>0.05) decreased of serum cholesterol and a significantly (P>0.05) elevation of testosterone concentration were observed. Histopathological examination of the testis was revealed that the extract of Pomegranate peel protect the testis against lesions caused by CCl4. In conclusion, Pomegranate peel extract could protect the tissue of testicles from CCl4 perhaps, by its anti-oxidative effect of pomegranate peel extract, hence eliminating the deleterious effects or toxic effect of CCl4.
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Akter, Mansura, Sajal Kumar Saha, and SM Abdur Rahman. "Gastroentero-histopathology Studies of Synthesized Naproxen Esters in Young Healthy Sprague-Dawley Rat Model." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v14i1.23735.
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Naproxen and its synthesized esters namely naproxen methyl ester, C15H16O3 (compound 1), ethyl ester, C16H17O3 (compound 2) and isopropyl ester, C17H20O3 (compound 3) were subjected to NSAID induced gastro-ulcergenecity studies on young, healthy male rat model. Rats (Rattus novergicus: Sprague-Dawley strain) of 2-months old weighing 95105 g were administered with naproxen (10 mg/kg b.w.) compound 1 (10.609 mg/kg b.w.), compound 2 (11.217 mg/kg b.w.) and compound 3 (11.826 mg/kg b.w.) twice daily for 4.5 days. The naproxen esters appeared to induce significantly less GI injury and bleeding both in microscopic and macroscopic examinations. This study can be a basis of reference for further acute, chronic or subchronic toxicity studies in various in-vivo models.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 49-53, 2015 (June)
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Donkor, Martin Ntiamoah, Samuel Yawson Ayikanle, and Samuel Adoesomdonkor. "EFFECT OF ETHANOL STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BERLINIA GRANDIFLORA HUTCH AND DALZ ON MARKER LIVER ENZYMES IN RATS TREATED WITH CCl4." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i10.27376.
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Objective: The objective of this work was to validate the traditional claim of the use of the stem bark of Berlinia grandiflora in treating liver problems by investigating the effect of its ethanol stem bark extract on maker liver enzymes in vivo.Methods: Groups of Wistar albino rats (6 in each group) were daily treated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg b.w., diluted with olive oil 1:1 v/v, intravenously), followed by oral administration of ethanol stem bark extract of Berlinia grandiflora (ESBG) at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w. respectively, 3 h after the administration of the CCl4. Serum biochemical parameters were measured 24 h at the end of the 7-day treatment period and compared to a group intoxicated with CCl4 (2 ml/kg b.w., diluted with olive oil 1:1 v/v, intravenously) alone.Results: Treatment of rats with ESBG (at doses 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg b.w. orally) reduced the impact of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity on liver maker enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. showing a significant reduction (p<0.05) compared to the group intoxicated with CCl4. The extract reversed the impact of the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by increasing the concentration of the serum Total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB), with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant increment (p<0.05) compared to the group intoxicated with the CCl4.Conclusion: The investigation of the effect of Berlinia grandiflora on CCl4 induced liver damage revealed that the ethanol extract of the stem bark of the plant was able to reverse the hepatotoxicity, with the 900 mg/kg b.w. dose showing a significant activity.
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Salama, Raghda A. M., Nesreen H. El Gayar, Sonia S. Georgy, and May Hamza. "Equivalent intraperitoneal doses of ibuprofen supplemented in drinking water or in diet: a behavioral and biochemical assay using antinociceptive and thromboxane inhibitory dose–response curves in mice." PeerJ 4 (July 19, 2016): e2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2239.
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Background.Ibuprofen is used chronically in different animal models of inflammation by administration in drinking water or in diet due to its short half-life. Though this practice has been used for years, ibuprofen doses were never assayed against parenteral dose–response curves. This study aims at identifying the equivalent intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of ibuprofen, when it is administered in drinking water or in diet.Methods.Bioassays were performed using formalin test and incisional pain model for antinociceptive efficacy and serum TXB2for eicosanoid inhibitory activity. The dose–response curve of i.p. administered ibuprofen was constructed for each test using 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The dose–response curves were constructed of phase 2a of the formalin test (the most sensitive phase to COX inhibitory agents), the area under the ‘change in mechanical threshold’-time curve in the incisional pain model and serum TXB2levels. The assayed ibuprofen concentrations administered in drinking water were 0.2, 0.35, 0.6 mg/ml and those administered in diet were 82, 263, 375 mg/kg diet.Results.The 3 concentrations applied in drinking water lay between 73.6 and 85.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the formalin test; between 58.9 and 77.8 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the incisional pain model; and between 71.8 and 125.8 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of serum TXB2levels. The 3 concentrations administered in diet lay between 67.6 and 83.8 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the formalin test; between 52.7 and 68.6 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of the incisional pain model; and between 63.6 and 92.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p., in case of serum TXB2levels.Discussion.The increment in pharmacological effects of different doses of continuously administered ibuprofen in drinking water or diet do not parallel those of i.p. administered ibuprofen. It is therefore difficult to assume the equivalent parenteral daily doses based on mathematical calculations.
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Ilçe, F., G. Gök, and D. Pandir. "Acute effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in kidney of rats and preventive role of vitamin E and sodium selenite." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 5 (January 10, 2019): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118817106.
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an endotoxin forms part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for initiating an acute inflammation after entering the living tissue. In this study, male rats were divided into eight groups: control group, vitamin E (VE) treatment group (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), sodium selenite (SS) treatment (0.35 mg/kg b.w.) group, VE + SS treatment group (200 + 0.35 mg/kg b.w.), LPS treatment group (10 mg/kg b.w.), LPS + VE (10+200 mg/kg b.w.), LPS + SS treatment (10 + 0.35 mg/kg b.w.), and LPS + SS + VE treatment (10 + 0.35 + 200 mg/kg b.w.) group. Oxidative stress parameters, pathological changes, immunohistochemical analyses, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, and changes in DNA structure with comet assay of the kidney were investigated at the end 6 h comparatively with the control group. When LPS-treated group was compared with the control group, antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, changes in histological and DNA structure and apoptosis were increased significantly at the end of 6 h. However, when LPS + SS and/or VE-treated group were compared with the LPS-treated group, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione- S-transferase activities were increased and MDA levels were decreased significantly at the end of the treatment period. Light investigations figured out pathological changes in kidneys of LPS- and LPS + SS and/or VE-treated groups. There was a decrease in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the wall of the distal and proximal tubules. As a result, it was observed that the combined use of antioxidants was more protective than their use alone against LPS.
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Maniyar, Yasmeen A., and Dasari Sriraj. "Peripheral and central analgesic activity evaluation of ethanolic extract of Vitex Negundo flowers in experimental animals." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174791.
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Background: Vitex negundo Linn (Family: Verbenaceae), locally known as ‘Nirgundi’ an important medicinal plant is a woody, aromatic shrub growing to a small tree. It commonly bears tri- or penta-foliate leaves on quadrangular branches, which give rise to bluish-purple coloured flowers in branched tomentose cymes. It has been claimed to possess analgesic activity apart from many medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate both the peripheral and central analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo flowers (EEVNF) in experimental animals.Methods: Acute toxicity test was done following the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. EEVNF (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg body weight [b.w.] p.o) was evaluated for peripheral analgesic activity by the acetic acid (0.7%) induced writhing test and central analgesic activity by the tail flick method respectively using aspirin (100mg/kg b.w. and 300mg/kg b.w.) as the standard drug.Results: EEVNF significantly decreased the number of writhing in writhing test at all the doses (p<0.001) and increased the reaction time in tail-flick method (p<0.001) at all the doses when compared to control. EEVNF in the dosage of 400mg/kg b.w. produced analgesic effects which was comparable with that of the standard drug aspirin at dose 100mg/kg b.w in writhing test and produced greater analgesic activity than that of standard drug aspirin at dose 300mg/kg b.w in tail flick method.Conclusions: EEVNF has significant peripheral and central analgesic activity.
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Tomaszewska, Ewa, Halyna Rudyk, Piotr Dobrowolski, Janine Donaldson, Izabela Świetlicka, Iwona Puzio, Daniel Kamiński, et al. "Changes in the Intestinal Histomorphometry, the Expression of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins, and the Bone Structure and Liver of Pre-Laying Hens Following Oral Administration of Fumonisins for 21 Days." Toxins 13, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060375.
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Fumonisins (FB) are metabolites found in cereal grains (including maize), crop products, and pelleted feed. There is a dearth of information concerning the effects of FB intoxication on the intestinal histomorphometry, the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, and the bone structure and liver in pre-laying hens. The current experiment was carried out on hens from the 11th to the 14th week of age. The hens were orally administered an extract containing fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) at doses of 0.0 mg/kg b.w. (body weight), 1.0 mg/kg b.w., 4.0 mg/kg b.w., and 10.9 mg/kg b.w. for 21 days. Following FB intoxication, the epithelial integrity of the duodenum and jejunum was disrupted, and dose-dependent degenerative changes were observed in liver. An increased content of immature collagen was observed in the bone tissue of FB-intoxicated birds, indicating intensified bone turnover. A similar effect was observed with regards to the articular cartilage, where enhanced fibrillogenesis was observed mainly in the group of birds that received the FB extract at a dose of 10.9 mg/kg b.w. In conclusion, FB intoxication resulted in negative structural changes in the bone tissue of the hens, which could result in worsened bone mechanics and an increase in the risk of bone fractures. Fumonisin administration, even at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg b.w., can lead to degradation of the intestinal barrier and predispose hens to intestinal disturbances later in life.
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Kulic, Milan, Nevenka Aleksic, Zoran Stanimirovic, Sinisa Ristic, and Snezana Medenica. "Examination of genotoxic effects of fumagillin in vivo." Genetika 41, no. 3 (2009): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0903329k.
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Fumagillin is an antibiotic derived from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. It has been used successfully for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-positive humans, as well as in those suffering from intestinal amebiasis and microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis. In veterinary medicine it is approved for the treatment of microsporidiosis in bees and fish. In this research fumagillin was tested for the ability to provoke chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. BALB/c mice were administered fumagillin by gastric probe in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. Water-sugary syrup was the negative and cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg b.w.) the positive control. Significantly increased frequencies (p<0.01 or p<0.001) of numerical chromosomal aberrations (aneuploidies and poliploidies) was observed both in the medium (10 mg/kg b.w.) and the highest (20 mg/kg b.w.) dose of fumagillin. Structural chromosomal aberrations (gaps, breaks and insertions) were noticeably more frequent in comparison to negative control only in the highest experimental dose of dycikloheksilamine. These results clearly showed that fumagillin in concetrations 10 and 20 mg/kg b.w. had a genotoxic potential in vivo.
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Svoboda, Martin, Zdeněk Fajt, Michaela Mruvčinská, Jan Vašek, and Jana Blahová. "The effects of buccal administration of azaperone on the sedation level and biochemical variables of weaned piglets." Acta Veterinaria Brno 90, no. 1 (2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202190010047.
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The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of buccal and parenteral administration of azaperone in order to achieve pig sedation. The type of study was prospective randomized and double blinded. A total of 40 weaned piglets were divided into 4 groups (10 each) and monitored. Group A was injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with azaperone (Stresnil®, 40 mg/ml inj., Elanco Animal Health) at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Group B (control) was given 1 ml of saline buccally. Group C received a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. of azaperone buccally. Group D was given azaperone buccally at a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. The response to defined stimulus (a blunt blow of a metal rod into the metal edge of the pen), degree of salivation, movement level, blood plasma azaperone concentration, and the haematological and biochemical variables were included in the study. We found that the buccal administration of azaperone is effective, however, a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. is required to induce a sedation level comparable to the standard 2 mg/kg b.w. i.m. administration.
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Rakitskii, V. N., T. M. Еpishina, E. G. Chkhvirkiya, T. A. Sinitskaya, and Е. A. Mukhina. "ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF TECHNICAL PRODUCT OF TRIAZINONE’S DERIVATIVE." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2019-1-39-42.
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Experimental assessment of toxicity and hazard of technical product of triazinone’s derivative at its peroral administration into warm-blooded animals’ bodies (male rats) has been conducted to determine the character of the substance biological action. Its acute peroral toxicity was at the level of LD50 -1693 ± 470 mg/kg of body weight, hazard class – 4 according to Hygienic Classification of Pesticides (Sanitary Rules & Standards 1.2.2584-10). Effective dose was 62.5 mg/kg b.w., non-effective dose (NOEL) was 12.5 mg/kg b.w. ADI was 0.1 mg/kg b.w.
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Ali, Rafid K. "The therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil on experimentally infected rabbits with hepatic coccidiosis." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 39, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i1.189.
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The present study was carried out to investigate the therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa seeds oil emulsion as against Eimeria stiedae experimentally infected rabbits. After isolation of local E. stiedae strain from infected gallbladders, a total of 90 local rabbits (6-8 weeks age) and body weighing (750-1000 gm) were used. They were divided into 6 groups as follow: Group: 1 uninfected and untreated (control group), Group: 2 infected (untreated) with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of E. stiedae, Group: 3 uninfected and given 200mg/kg B.W. N. sativa L. oil emulsion, Group: 4 infected with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of E. steidae. and treated with N. sativa L. oil emulsion of 200 mg/kg B.W on day 16, post infection, Group: 5 uninfected and given 400 mg/kg B.W N. sativa L. oil emulsion, Group: 6 infected with 10,000 sporulated oocysts of E. stiedae. and treated with N. sativa L. oil emulsion of 400 mg/ kg B.W on day 16, post infection. Fecal sample were examined for oocyst count (16 days post infection) at each period of experiment (10, 20 and 30 days) 5 animals for each group were sacrificed, and specimens for liver, were excised for histopathological examination. The E. stiedae infected group showed deleterious pathological changes in infected livers. Both treated doses of N. sativa had significant anticoccidial activities as reflected by reduced fecal oocysts shedding and remarkable improvement of liver tissue histopathology. This improvement include restoration of normal hepatic architecture and increase of the binucleated hepatocytes, disappearance of hemorrhage between the hepatic lobules, formation of foreign body granulomas and reduction in the various stages of the parasites and oocysts in the bile ducts .The result showed that changes more rapid when animals were treated with 400 mg/ kg/ B.W of N. sativa seeds oil emulsion than when treated same emulsion at dose 200 mg/ k.g/ B.W without side effects. From the results obtained in the present study N. sativa seeds oil emulsion was safe without side effects and the dose 400 mg/kg/B.W was more effective against E. stiedae infection than dose 200 mg/kg/B.W which may be recommended for use as adjuvant therapy in clinical practices.
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Bieńko, Marek, Dariusz Wolski, Alicja Lis, Radosław P. Radzki, Damian Filip, and Paweł Polak. "Densitometric, tomographic and mechanical parameters of the female Wistar rat skeletal system after lactoferrin and colostrum treatment in the condition of gonadectomy-induced osteopenia." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 9 (2016): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5557.
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Colostrum (COL) is a valuable discharge of the mammary glands of mammal females, which contains many bioactive components that are indispensable for the normal development of the young organism. Lactoferrin (LF) is one of the colostrum components serving a wide range of functions in the organism, e.g. it is involved in iron metabolism and has anti-inflammatory or immune activity. The experiment was conducted on 36 female Wistar rats in conditions of established osteopenia (60 days after gonadectomy). Females from the experimental groups were administered lactoferrin at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg b.w. and colostrum at the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 ml/100g b.w. The results indicate that application of both COL and LF in conditions of established bone tissue atrophy induced by prolonged deficiency of sex steroid hormones has an osteoprotective effect on bone tissue. LF and COL inhibit a decrease in femoral BMC and BMD and improve bone strength parameters at the doses LF=20mg/kg b.w. and COL=5 ml/100 g b.w. However, high doses LF=40 mg/kg b.w. and COL=10 ml/100g b.w. may impede the improvement of bone strength. In femoral cancellous bone tissue, LF reduces the decline in BMC and vBMD, likewise COL, which additionally inhibits atrophy of the cancellous bone tissue. Administration of LF and COL reduced body mass gain and decreased the content of adipose tissue in the OVX rats. The presented results suggest a possibility of therapeutics use of lactoferrin and colostrum for improving the condition of bone tissue.
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Ahmed, Kowan M., and Sarbast A. Mahmud. "Curative Effects of Ethanol Extract of Prosopis Farcta (Syrian Mesquite) Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats." Science Journal of University of Zakho 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2021.9.2.802.
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The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Prosopis farcta (P. farcta) ethanol fruit extract in ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in male albino rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of EG 1% in male albino rats for 28 days. Seventy eight male albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and divided into six experimental groups. Group A is a control group received standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, while, rest of groups namely group B, C, D, E, F animals received 1% EG in water for 28 days, then from day 15 to day 28 in addition to EG administration, group C received cystone, group D, E and F received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) of ethanol fruit extract of P. farcta respectively. On day 28, blood was collected for serum biochemical (serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, electrolytes measurements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) determinations. While urine was collected to microscopic analysis of formed crystals besides the kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and B.W. gain/ loss values were determined. Intermediate dose (200mg/kg B.W.) of P. farcta extract significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, MDA and non-significantly recovered SOD toward control value in group E as compared to group B, also significant elevation in kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and reduction in B.W. gains in group B occurred as compared with group A. In conclusion: P. farcta fruit extract has potentially therapeutic effects on EG induced kidney stone which can be used as effective antiurolithiatic agent rather than cystone.
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Jassim Alrawi, Saad Thabit. "Effect of potassium nitrate plus vitamin C in feed of rabbits on the some biochemical parameters." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 40, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v40i2.125.
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This study is conducted at investigating the effect of potassium nitrate and vitamin C in feed of the rabbits on the some biochemical parameters. Twenty eight adult New-Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (7 rabbits each), they were fed potassium nitrate and vitamin C for 16 weeks as follow: Group 1 (G1) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 2 (G2) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 3 (G3) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (100 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and group 4 (G4) fed basal ration as control group. Blood were collected from heart at zero, eight, twelve and sixteen weeks. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood nitrogen urea in the group that had fed potassium nitrate G1 compared with G4, whereas the groups that were fed vitamin C with potassium nitrate showed a mild decrease compared with group potassium nitrate that had been fed potassium nitrate alone (G1). In conclusion, the feeding rabbits with potassium nitrate caused an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea concentration in the serum, whereas the vitamin C ameliorates this effect.
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Khudair, Khalisa Khadim. "Effect of selenium and melatonin on some parameters Related to metabolic syndrome induced by Acryl amide in male rats (Part I)." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 40, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v40i2.126.
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This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of sodium selenite and melatonin on acryl amide induced metabolic syndrome in adult male rats. Twenty (20) adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) and were treated orally for seven weeks G1, (control group) was given distilled water, G2 were given orally 1mg/kg /B.W of Acryl amide, G3 group received 1mg/kg /B.W of Acryl amide followed by 0.5 mg/Kg/ B.W. of sodium selenite orally. G4 group received 1 mg/kg /B.W of acryl amide (orally) followed by 8 mg/Kg/ B.W. melatonin (IP/ injection). Fasting blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture at (0, 7 weeks) of the experiment for measuring serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and serum uric acid, in addition to measuring waist circumference .The results showed an occurrence of central obesity, hyper uricemia, dyslipidemia (hyper cholesterolemia, triacyleglycerolemia and lowered high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration) in acryl amide treated animals. The results also indicated the alleviation of the changes in the above- mentioned parameters related to metabolic syndrome by sodium selenite and melatonin through lowering central obesity, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, elevation of serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and lowering in serum uric acid.
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Tanuwidjaja, Tan Henny. "AKIBAT HUKUM PEWARISAN KARENA AFWEZEIGHEID TERHADAP AHLI WARIS MENURUT HUKUM PERDATA BARAT (B.W)." Jurnal HUKUM BISNIS 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31090/hukumbisnis.v3i1.831.
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The law of the inheritance of the Western Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek, hereinafter abbreviated as B.W), applies to the Foreign Eastern class of Chinese descent (Stb.1917 No.129) and other foreign easts: India, Arab etc. (Stb.1924 No. 556) applies their respective customary laws developed in Indonesia, except for the general will, as well as the European and equivalent classes, under article 163 paragraph 2 of the Indische Staats Regeling. The Law of Inheritance B.W is still the main legal source in solving the problem of the distribution of property for the class of groups, which is set forth in article 830 (B.W). In addition to inheritance under these general requirements, there is also the problem of "Afwezeigheid" inheritance, because of the legal suspicion that the heir is presumed to have died "under article 467- article 469 B.W. How to distribute the inheritance left behind by "The absentee?" To answer the problem, the journal of this law was compiled. May be useful
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Ambali, Suleiman F., Joseph O. Ayo, Samuel A. Ojo, and King AN Esievo. "Ameliorative effect of vitamin C on chronic chlorpyrifos-induced erythrocyte osmotic fragility in Wistar rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 1 (April 8, 2010): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110368415.
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Chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been shown to cause increased lipoperoxidative changes in the erythrocyte membranes. The relationship between chronic CPF-induced lipoperoxidative changes and erythrocyte fragility has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of lipoperoxidation on CPF-induced erythrocyte fragility and the ameliorative effect of vitamin C. Twenty animals divided at random into four groups of five animals each served as subject for this study. Rats in group I served as the control group and were given only soya oil at a dose of 2 mL/kg body weight (b.w.). Rats in group II were dosed with vitamin C (100 mg/kg b.w.) and then supplemented with soya oil (2 mL/kg b.w.), while those in group III were administered with CPF only at a dose of 10.6 mg/kg b.w. (∼one-eighth of the previously determined median lethal dose [LD50]). Rats in group IV were pretreated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of vitamin C, and then dosed with CPF at a dose of 10.6 mg/kg b.w., 30 min later. The different treatment regimens were orally administered daily for a period of 17 weeks. Blood collected from the animals at the end of the test period were analyzed for erythrocyte osmotic fragility and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration as an index of lipid peroxidation. The study showed that CPF caused significant increase in erythrocyte fragility and MDA concentration, which were ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C. In conclusion, the study showed that CPF-evoked erythrocyte fragility due to increased lipoperoxidative changes was ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin C.
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Saini, S., N. Nair, and MR Saini. "Effects of gestational administration of nickel on postnatal development in Swiss albino mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 33, no. 12 (March 19, 2014): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327114527627.
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Effects on postnatal development of Swiss albino mice exposed to nickel (Ni2+) ions as nickel chloride haxahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O) during the gestation periods were evaluated in this study. Administration of Ni to pregnant females by gavage (46.125, 92.25, and 184.5 mg Ni/kg body weight (b.w.)) at doses below median lethal dose during 0–5 (preimplantation period), 6–13 (organogenetic period), and 14–18 days (fetal period) postconception. The dams were allowed to deliver and raise their pups. Significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in litter size was observed after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during the three gestation periods particularly from preimplantation period as compared to organogenetic and fetal periods in comparison with the control group. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. during fetal period revealed higher mortality as compared to organogenetic period. Exposure to 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. increased the eye, limb, and tail anomalies during organogenetic period. Gestation index from preimplantation period was low at all the doses. Live birth index decreased during preimplantation and organogenetic periods after 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. The viability and weanling of pups decreased during all periods after 92.25 and 184.5 mg Ni/kg b.w. doses. A dose-dependent highly significant ( p < 0.01) decrease in the body weight of offspring from day 0 to 6 weeks of age at all the doses during different gestation periods were observed. Maximum body weight decrease was observed in offspring from organogenetic period. This study concludes that young ones are vulnerable during different gestational and lactation period which indicates that Ni ingested by mothers constitutes a great threat to the progeny.
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S. K. Majeed, A. G. Rhayf, and. "Pathological study 0f the toxic effect of paracetamol on reproductive organs in white mice." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol9iss3art111.
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In present study use 40 mice (20 male and 20 females) divided into 4 groups, each grouphas 10 mice.The first group gave distal water considered as control group. The second (lowdose group) gave 28.5 mg / kg B.W. paracetamol. The third group(intermediate dose group)gave 57 mg / kg B.W. paracetamol and fourth group(high dose group) gave 114 mg / kg B.W.paracetamol daily for 6 month. Also there was another group considerd as peracute dosegroup(supra toxic) contains from 2 males and 2 females gave 342 mg / kg B.W. (for 2weeks).The toxic and supra toxic dose 0f paracetamol caused macroscopic and microscopicchanges in male and female reproductive organs in white mice
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Åkeson, P., E. M. Larsson, D. T. Kristoffersen, E. Jonsson, and S. Holtás. "Brain Metastases — Comparison of Gadodiamide Injection-Enhanced MR Imaging at Standard and High Dose, Contrast-Enhanced CT and Non-Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging." Acta Radiologica 36, no. 3 (May 1995): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519503600318.
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The aim was to compare the abilities of contrast-enhanced CT, non-contrast-enhanced MR imaging and contrast-enhanced MR imaging using standard (0.1 mmol/kg b.w.) and high (0.3 mmol/kg b.w.) doses of Gadodiamide injection to detect brain metastases (i.e. blood-brain barrier damage). Sixteen patients with at least 2 metastases found by CT were evaluated by MR imaging using non-contrast-enhanced spin-echo, T1-weighted, T2-weighted sequences, and contrast-enhanced spin-echo T1-weighted sequences at 2 dose levels. Gadodiamide injection was first given at the dose of 0.1 mmol/kg b.w. After imaging, another 0.2 mmol/kg b.w. was given, yielding a cumulative dose of 0.3 mmol/kg b.w. No contrast media-related adverse events were recorded. The images were evaluated openly by one and blindly by 2 investigators and the number of metastases, size, delineation (open study) and diagnostic certainty (blind study) of each individual metastasis noted. High-dose MR imaging showed significantly more and smaller metastases than any other examination, and gave a higher diagnostic certainty. All high-dose images were superior to those with the standard dose MR imaging when compared blindly in pairs. We conclude that spin-echo MR imaging with a high dose of Gadodiamide injection is an efficient way to improve the detection of brain metastases, in particular of small ones.
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Kleniewska, Paulina, Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk, Lukasz Michalski, Marta Michalska, Ewa Balcerczak, Marta Zebrowska, and Anna Goraca. "Influence of Block of NF-Kappa B Signaling Pathway on Oxidative Stress in the Liver Homogenates." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/308358.
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The aim of the present study was to assess whether BAY 11-7082, a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) inhibitor, influences the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and NF-κB related signaling pathways in the liver. The animals were divided into 4 groups: I: saline; II: saline + endothelin-1 (ET-1) (1.25 μg/kg b.w., i.v.); III: saline + ET-1 (12.5 μg/kg b.w., i.v.); and IV: BAY 11-7082 (10 mg/kg b.w., i.v.) + ET-1 (12.5 μg/kg b.w., i.v.). Injection of ET-1 alone at a dose of 12.5 μg/kg b.w. showed a significant (P<0.001) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and decrease (P<0.01) in GSH level (vs. control). ET-1 administration slightly downregulated gene expression of p65 of NF-κB but potently and in a dose-dependent way downregulated p21-cip gene expression in the liver. BAY 11-7082 significantly decreased TBARS (P<0.001), H2O2(P<0.01) and improved the redox status (P<0.05), compared to ET-1 group. The concentration of TNF-αwas increased in the presence of ET-1 (P<0.05), while BAY 11-7082 decreased TNF-αconcentration (P<0.01). Inhibition of IkBαbefore ET-1 administration downregulated gene expression of p21-cip but had no effect on p65.
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Husna, Fauzul, Franciscus Suyatna, Wawaimuli Arozal, and Erni Poerwaningsih. "Anti-Diabetic Potential of Murraya Koenigii (L.) and its Antioxidant Capacity in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats." Drug Research 68, no. 11 (May 25, 2018): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0620-8210.
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Abstract Aim and Objective The present study aims to investigate whether the antihyperglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii is mediated by antioxidant properties and insulin mimetic effect. Methods Thirty Spraque-Dawley rats were induced hyperglycemia by streptozotocin and nicotinamide (STZ-NA). The STZ-NA diabetic rats were treated with an ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii 200 mg/kg b.w and 400 mg/kg b.w. One group was treated with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg b.w). After the administration of Murraya koenigii extract and glibenclamide for four weeks, the rats were sacrificed. Blood and organ samples were collected under a fasting condition. The body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Hepatic enzymes were determined using a commercial kit, protein levels were estimated by Bradford’s method, and plasma insulin was assayed by an ELISA kit. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated by the TBA-Wills method and Ellman’s method, respectively. Results Ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii showed a significant reduction in blood glucose level at both doses, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. In addition, Murraya koenigii exhibited a profound antioxidant effect with decreased MDA level and increased GSH level, particularly at the 200 mg/kg b.w. and significantly decreased the HOMA-IR index. Conclusions The present study reveals that Murraya koenigii possesses antidiabetic activity and antioxidant effects on STZ-NA induced diabetes mellitus.
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Bulboacă, Adriana Elena, Alina Porfire, Sorana D. Bolboacă, Cristina Ariadna Nicula, Dana Gabriela Feștilă, Alexandra Roman, Ruxandra Mioara Râjnoveanu, et al. "Protective Effects of Liposomal Curcumin on Oxidative Stress/Antioxidant Imbalance, Metalloproteinases 2 and -9, Histological Changes and Renal Function in Experimental Nephrotoxicity Induced by Gentamicin." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020325.
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Background: Our study aimed to assess the efficiency of Curcumin nanoformulation (LCC) on experimental nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin in rats. Methods: Six groups of seven rats were used: C—(control group) received saline solution i.p. (i.p. = intraperitoneal), G—gentamicin (G, 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), GCC1 and GCC2—with G and CC solution (single dose of 10 mg/kg b.w.-CC1, or 20 mg/kg b.w.-CC2), GLCC1 (10 mg/kg b.w.) and GLCC2 (20 mg/kg b.w.) with G and LCC administration. Oxidative stress parameters (NOx = nitric oxide, MDA = malondialdehyde, TOS = total oxidative stress), antioxidant parameters (CAT = catalase, TAC = total antioxidant capacity), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and renal function parameters (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urea) were measured. Kidneys histopathologic examination was made for each group. Results: Pretreatment with CC and LCC in both doses had significantly alleviating effects on assessed parameters (NOx, MDA, TOS, CAT, TAC, MMP-2, and -9) as compared with the untreated group (p < 0.006). Histopathological aspect and renal function were significantly improved in CC and LCC groups. Liposomal formulation (LCC) showed higher efficiency on all examined parameters compared to CC (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated improving renal function and kidney cytoarchitecture, oxidative stress/antioxidant/balance, and MMPs plasma concentrations with better dose-related efficacity of LCC than CC.
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Dejanovic, Bratislav, Vesna Vukovic-Dejanovic, Milica Ninkovic, Irena Lavrnja, Ivana Stojanovic, Milos Pavlovic, Vesna Begovic, Dusko Mirkovic, and Ivana Stevanovic. "Effects of agmatine on chlorpromazine-induced neuronal injury in rat." Acta Veterinaria Brno 87, no. 2 (2018): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201887020145.
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This study was aimed to study the potentially beneficial effects of agmatine on oxidative/nitrosative stress development in the brain of Wistar rats during subacute chlorpromazine treatment. The animals were divided into control (0.9% saline), chlorpromazine (38.7 mg/kg b.w.), chlorpromazine+agmatine (agmatine 75 mg/kg b.w. immediately after chlorpromazine, 38.7 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) and agmatine (75 mg/kg b.w.) groups. All the tested substances were administered intraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days and the rats were sacrificed by decapitation on day 15. Subacute administration of chlorpromazine resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide concentration and superoxide anion production, while completely damaging the antioxidant defence system in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. However, the combined treatment with chlorpromazine and agmatine significantly attenuated the oxidative/nitrosative stress indices and restored the antioxidant capacity to the control values in all of the examined brain regions. Western blot analysis supported biochemical findings in all groups, but the most notable changes were found in the hippocampus. Our results suggest potentially beneficial effects of agmatine, which may be useful in the modified antioxidant approach in chlorpromazine-therapy.
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Dundjerski, Jadranka, Jelena Predic, Aleksandra Cvoro, and Gordana Matic. "Rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity and induction by dexamethasone upon cadmium intoxication." Archives of Biological Sciences 55, no. 1-2 (2003): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0302003d.
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This study was focused on Cd effects on basal and dexamethasone-induced tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity in the rat liver cytosol. Cadmium (Cd), applied in the dose of 2 mg/kg b.w., stimulated both TAT activity and its induction by dexamethasone, inducing the most prominent alterations 24 h after administration. Doses lower than 2 mg Cd/kg b.w. were ineffective while the higher ones (3 and 4 mg Cd/kg b.w) led to the changes similar to those reached by 2 mg Cd/kg. The in vitro application of different Cd concentrations to the liver cytosol rendered the enzyme activity unchanged suggesting that the metal acted at the level of TAT gene transcription.
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Bernard, Goze N., N’Dri N. Mathieu, and Yapo A. Paul. "Effect of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of Terminalia superba Engl. and diels (combretaceae) on some serum biochemical parameters in rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172221.
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Background: In the framework of the valorization of traditional medicine, the biotolerance study of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of Terminalia superba (HE 70%) Engl. and Diels (Combretaceae), a medicinal plant used for the treatment of gastric ulcer in Côte d'Ivoire was carried out by oral administration repeated for 28 days to three rat groups at doses 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg per body weight (b.w.).Methods: Fifty rats were randomly divided in four groups of ten animals including three test groups and one control group. Each group included five male and five female rats. An additional satellite group of ten rats in group treated at high dose (750mg/kg b.w.) was included in order to observe reversibility, persistence or late appearance of toxic effects at least 14 days after stopping the treatment. Three doses were prepared (250; 500 and 750mg/kg b.w.) corresponding to extract concentrations (12.5; 25 and 37.5mg/ml) were given to groups B, C and D respectively. Group A, served as control group, received distilled water at 2ml/kg b.w. Groups B, C and D, received orally HE 70% extract at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg respectively. Serum AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin, total, HDL, LDL-cholesterols, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were estimated using standard methods.Results: The blood withdrawal analysis done previously (day 0) and at the end of every week on dry tubes revealed that at all weeks and for all doses, this extract do not affect serum values of total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, total, HDL, LDL-cholesterols and triglycerides. Oppositely, this extract reduced significantly (P<0.05) ALT serum rate at the 14th and 28th day at 750mg/kg b.w. respectively. In addition, at the 28th day, AST rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 750mg/kg b.w. Glycemia showed a significant (P <0.05) reduction at the 28th day at doses 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w. In contrast, urea increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 28th day at 500mg/kg b.w.Conclusions: This study showed that the use of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of T. superba would be hepatoprotective, nontoxic for kidneys, liver and hypoglycemic at the studied doses.
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Takru Harshit, Dixit Praveen K, Kumar Kapil, and Nagarajan K. "Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna & Syzygium cumini in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1870–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4392.
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We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.
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Chaudhary, Sarika, Sagarika Majhi, and Madhu Verma. "PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS SEED COATS ON PENTYLENETETRAZOLE (PTZ) INDUCED KINDLING AND BEHAVIORAL COMORBIDITIES." Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v3i4.4.
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Introduction: To investigate the preventive effect of Phaseolus vulgaris seed coats on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and behavioral comorbidities. Material and Methods: Thirty Wistar albino rats were categorized into five groups. The first group received regular saline (0.9 % w/v NaCl) p.o.; the second group received PTZ (35 mg/kg b.w.) i.p.; the third group received valproic acid (200 mg/kg b.w.) p.o.; the fourth group received P. vulgaris extract (100 mg/kg b.w.) p.o.; the fifth group received P. vulgaris extract (200 mg/kg b.w.) p.o. on an alternate day for 21 days. PTZ improved lipid peroxidase levels, decreased Glutathione level, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, increased Nitric Oxide level. Result: This study revealed that P. vulgaris (Hydroalcoholic extract) increased the anti-oxidant level of both 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg compared to the PTZ category. Histopathological findings revealed that the hippocampal section of the brain of rats receiving P. vulgaris extract had improved relative to the receiving PTZ group. Conclusion: Based on the result, it is proposed that Phaseolus vulgaris has anti-oxidant properties. This is useful for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Joël, Ngoumen Ngassa Dany, Ngondi Judith Laure, and Oben Julius Enyong. "Effect of Autranellacongolensis on Lipid Profile of Rats’ Brain with Experimentally Induced Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n4p60.
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Lipids are essentials components of the brain. Changes in brain lipid composition affect the physical and functional properties of the neuronal cell membrane and have been implicated in the physiopathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated in this study the effect of hydroethanolicbark extract of A. Congolensis on lipid profile of rats’ brain with experimentally induced AD. The experimental model consisted of female rats, which received orally for 8 consecutive weeks a single dose of 50 mg/Kg b.w./day of aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (except control group) followed by distilled water (disease control group) or doses of the extract (150 or 300 mg/Kg b.w./day) or vitamin E (100 mg/Kg b.w./day) or galanthamine (2 mg/Kg b.w. /day). Brain cholesterol, phospholipids and plasmalogenlevels and fluidity were evaluated. Brain membranes ATPase activities, Ca2+, Mg2+and glucose levels were also assayed. Significant modifications of brain lipid composition and fluidity were observed in disease control group compared with control. In addition, Na+, K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities significantly decreased, the level of intracellular Ca2+ increased, Mg2+ content decreased and brain glucose level was significantly higher. Standard drugs (vitamin E,galanthamine) showed a negative effect on brain lipid profile. The extract of 150 mg showed significant improvements of brain lipid profile and fluidity. It also indicated improved brain ATPase activities, ions and glucose brain homeostasis. The extract (150 mg/Kg b.w. dose) by maintaining the brain lipid composition may protect neuronal cell membraneand probably preventing the progression of AD.
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Egbuonu, Anthony Cemaluk C., and Gladys A. Ekwuribe. "Pulverized Mangifera indica (Mango) Seed-kernel Modulated Serum Lipid Profile in Monosodium Glutamate-challenged Rats." Journal of Applied Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jab.v5i2.11649.
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Mangifera indica seed kernel was assessed for antinutirent content and effects on serum lipid profile of monosodium glutamate-challenged rats. Group A rats received 8000 mg/kg body weight, b.w of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Group B rats received the sample extract (300 mg/kg b.w). Group C rats were sham-administered distilled water. Groups D and E rats received 8000 mg/kg b.w of MSG in addition to 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w, respectively of sample extract. Tannin (29.21±5.39 mg/100 g) was highest (p<0.05) while phytate (0.38±0.02 mg/100g) was least. After fourteen days daily oral exposure, MSG-exposed rats had higher (p<0.05) total cholesterol (CHOL), triacylglycerol (TAG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) but lower (p<0.05) high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration compared to rats in the other groups. MSG-intoxicated rats co-treated respectively with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w of the extract had dose dependent reduction (p<0.05) compared to the corresponding effects in non-extract-co-treated MSG-intoxicated rats. Compared to others, rats in the Extract group had higher (p<0.05) CHOL: TAG but lower (p<0.05) TAG:CHOL ratios while rats in the MSG-group had higher (p<0.05) HDL:LDL but lower (p<0.05) LDL:HDL ratios. Results demonstrated the preponderance of tannin in, and significant serum lipid lowering potential in normal and MSG-challenged rats of, the sample. Studies using antinutrient-process-reduced sample in hyperlipidemia-related health-challenged models and collaborating the suggested implication of lipid-profile-component-ratios are warranted and recommended.
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Alli, Lukman Adewale, Abdulfatai Ayoade Adesokan, Oluwakanyinsola Adeola Salawu, and Musbau Adewunmi Akanji. "Toxicological studies of aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica root." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intox-2015-0005.
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AbstractAcacia niloticais a widely used plant in traditional medical practice in Northern Nigeria and many African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicological effects of a single dose (acute) and of repeated doses (sub-acute) administration of aqueous extract ofA. niloticaroot in rodents, following our earlier study on antiplasmodial activity. In the acute toxicity test, three groups of Swiss albino mice were orally administered aqueous extract ofA. nilotica(50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight) and signs of toxicity were observed daily for 14 days. In the sub-acute toxicity study, four groups of 12 rats (6 male and 6 female) were used. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg b.w distilled water (control), while groups 2, 3 and 4 received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w of the extract, respectively, for 28 consecutive days by oral gavage. Signs of toxicity/mortality, food and water intake and body weight changes were observed. Biochemical parameters were analysed in both plasma and liver homogenate. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies, the extract did not cause mortality. A significant reduction in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was observed at 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w, while alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher than control values at 500 mg/kg b.w. The aqueous extract ofA. niloticawas found to be safe in single dose administration in mice but repeated administration of doses higher than 250 mg/kg b.w of the extract for 28 days in rats may cause hepatotoxicity.