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Journal articles on the topic 'B14'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Pertiwi, Hutami Indah, Sri Wilarso Budi R., and Arum Sekar Wulandari. "PENGARUH FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) DAN MYCORRHIZAL HELPER BACTERIA (MHB) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JABON (Anthocepalus cadamba Roxb.) The Effect of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHB) on Growth of Jabon." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.3.147-153.

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Jabon (Anthocepalus cadamba Roxb.) is one of the fast-growing species that naturally spread in some areas of Indonesia. Known as well adapted to some types of soil, and attributes to a quite high of economical prospects value. Interaction of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) symbiotic involve not only between fungi and plant’s root but also involving supporting organisms (bacteria). This bacteria capable to stimulating the development of mycorrhizal hyphae namely as Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria (MHB). The aims of this research was to discover of bacterial isolates that can stimulate the development of AMF in Jabon seedling and to examine the effectiveness of MHB isolate and AMF toward Jabon growth. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized-split splot design with two factors. The main plot was AMF with two levels; without AMF (M0) and with AMF respectively. Bacteria as the sub-plot with 19 levels consist of the control (B0), Isolate of Glomus sp with coding B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B11, B12, B13, B14, B15, B16, B17, and B18 respectively. Our experiment result showed that AMF inoculated of Jabon seedling had significantly effect on root colonization and root dry weight. The average of root colonization was 20.2%. Root dry weight increased 4.69% compared to control. Bacteria were suspected as MHB has not provided significant resultsKey words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, jabon, mycorrhizal helper bacteria

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Karimzadeh, Z., and M. H. Tangestani. "APPLICATION OF WORLDVIEW-3 DATA IN ALTERATION MINERAL MAPPING IN CHADORMALU AREA, CENTRAL IRAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-589-2019.

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Abstract. WorldView-3 (WV-3), launched in August 2014, is a commercial imaging satellite with high spatial resolution that measures reflected radiation in VNIR-SWIR regions in 16 bands. The main objective of this study was to discriminate the alteration minerals in Chadormalu iron deposit area, central Iran, using band ratio techniques on the selected bands of this satellite. To identify the appropriate band ratios the spectral bands of WV-3 were investigated and assessed. Regarding to Fe3+, Fe2+, Al-OH, Fe-OH, Mg-OH and CO32− spectral absorption features, band ratios B5/B2, B13/B9, B13/B14 and B14/B16 were proposed for enhancement of ferrous and ferric iron bearing minerals, sericite, epidote, chlorite, and dolomite. Combination of field observations, geological map and high resolution spectra of rock samples were used to verify the results. Band ratio B5/B2, B13/B9, B13/B14 gray scale images respectively illustrated that Fe3+-rich minerals are occurring in granite, the Fe2+-rich minerals are enhanced in iron ore, green schist, and diorite units, and sericite is occurring in hydrothermally altered granite and iron ore. Since the Fe/Mg-OH vibrational mode in chlorite-epidote and spectral absorption feature of CO32− in dolomite occur in B16, the B14/B16 ratio highlighted chlorite-epidote-rich green schist, diorite and dolomitic marble. The false color composite image of B13/B14, B13/B9, and B14/B16 as RGB produced a large scale map which successfully discriminated the rock types and accompanying alteration minerals. This study demonstrated that WV-3 data have efficient spectral resolution to discriminate alteration minerals with Fe3+, Fe2+, Al-OH and Fe/Mg-OH or CO32− spectral absorption features.

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3

Hogue, Richard, and Alain Asselin. "Detection of 10 additional pathogenesis-related (b) proteins in intercellular fluid extracts from stressed 'Xanthi-nc' tobacco leaf tissue." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-057.

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By using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 10 additional pathogenesis-related proteins (b6c, b9c, b10a, b10b, b11a, b11b, b12, b13, b14, b15) were found in intercellular fluid extracts of stressed 'Xanthi-nc' tobacco leaf tissue. Proteins were identified as extracellular pathogenesis-related stress proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of three successive intercellular fluid extracts compared with homogenates before and after making intercellular fluid extracts. Four proteins (b12, b13, b14, b15) were only resolved by using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for basic proteins in the first dimension gel and they were best extracted in 0.05 M Tris–HCl (pH 7.5) and 0.05 M CaCl2 as the infiltration buffer. The four basic proteins were found in intercellular fluid extracts from leaf tissue subjected to the same types of chemical inducers as previously described for tobacco pathogenesis-related proteins. Their accumulation was inhibited by basic amino acids or spermidine (1 mM) and they were resistant to endogenous and exogenous (trypsin, subtilisin) proteolysis. They did not bind to concanavalin A – Sepharose. These findings indicate that at least 23 proteins accumulate extracellularly after various types of stress in 'Xanthi-nc' tobacco green tissue. These proteins probably represent several groups or families of plant stress proteins.

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Lan, Ruiting, Brad Lumb, David Ryan, and Peter R. Reeves. "Molecular Evolution of Large Virulence Plasmid inShigella Clones and EnteroinvasiveEscherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 6303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6303-6309.2001.

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ABSTRACT Three genes, ipgD, mxiC, and mxiA,all in the invasion region of the Shigella virulence plasmid, were sequenced from strains representing a range ofShigella serotypes and from two enteroinvasiveEscherichia coli (EIEC) isolates. The plasmids can be classified into two relatively homogeneous sequence forms which are quite distinct. pINV A plasmids are found in Shigella flexneri strains F6 and F6A, S. boydii strains B1, B4, B9, B10, B14, and B15, S. dysenteriae strains D3, D4, D6, D8, D9, D10, and D13, and the two EIEC strains (M519 and M520). pINV B plasmids are present in S. flexneristrains F1A, F2A, F3A, F3C, F4A, and FY, two S. boydiistrains (B11 and B12), and S. sonnei. The D1 pINV plasmid is a recombinant with ipgD gene more closely related to those of pINV A but with mxiA andmxiC genes more closely related to those of pINV B. The phylogenetic relationships of the plasmid and those of the chromosomal genes of Shigella strains are largely consistent. The cluster 1 and cluster 3 strains tested (G.M. Pupo, R. Lan, and P. R. Reeves, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10567–10572, 2000) have pINV A and pINV B plasmids, respectively. However, of the three cluster 2 strains (B9, B11, and B15), B9 and B15 have pINV A while B11 has a pINV B plasmid. Those Shigella (D8 and D10 and S. sonnei) and EIEC strains which do not group with the main body of Shigella strains based on chromosomal genes were found to have plasmids belonging to one or the other of the two types and must have acquired these by lateral transfer.

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Naiborhu, Sri Ayu Agustina, Wan Arfiani Barus, and Efrida Lubis. "PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KAILAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA KOMBINASI JENIS DAN DOSIS PUPUK BOKASHI." Jurnal Rhizobia 3, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36985/rhizobia.v10i1.465.

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan dan hasil Kailan dalam beberapa kombinasi jenis dan dosis pemberian bokashi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Growth Centre LLDIKTI-1 dengan ketinggian tempat± 25 mdpl pada bulan Nopember 2017 hingga Januari 2018 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial yang terdiri dari 16 taraf perlakuan. Masing-masing perlakuan adalah B0: kontrol, B1: 150 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B2: 200 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B3: 250 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B4: 150 gram bokashi kotoran sapi/polibeg, B5: 150 gram bokashi kotoran sapi + 150 gram bokashi jerami/polybag, B6: 150 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+200 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B7: 150 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+250 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B8:300 gram bokashi kotoran sapi/polibeg, B9: 300 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+150 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B10: 300 gram bokashi kotoran sapi +200 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B11: 300 gram bokashi kotoran sapi + 250 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B12: 450 gram bokashi kotoran sapi/polibeg, B13: 450 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+150 gram bokashi jerami 150/ polibeg, B14: 450 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+200 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg, B15: 450 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+250 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg. Parameter pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah klorofil, luas daun, diameter batang dan bobot basah tumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bokashi kotoran sapi dan bokashi jerami padi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil Kailan. Kombinasi terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan B5 (150 gram bokashi kotoran sapi+150 gram bokashi jerami/polibeg) dengan bobot basah (hasil) Kailan tertinggi yaitu 34,91 gram/tanaman.

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Bagchi, Parikshit, Christopher Paul Walczak, and Billy Tsai. "The Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane J Protein C18 Executes a Distinct Role in Promoting Simian Virus 40 Membrane Penetration." Journal of Virology 89, no. 8 (January 28, 2015): 4058–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03574-14.

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ABSTRACTThe nonenveloped simian virus 40 (SV40) hijacks the three endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound J proteins B12, B14, and C18 to escape from the ER into the cytosol en route to successful infection. How C18 controls SV40 ER-to-cytosol membrane penetration is the least understood of these processes. We previously found that SV40 triggers B12 and B14 to reorganize into discrete puncta in the ER membrane called foci, structures postulated to represent the cytosol entry site (C. P. Walczak, M. S. Ravindran, T. Inoue, and B. Tsai, PLoS Pathog10:e1004007, 2014). We now find that SV40 also recruits C18 to the virus-induced B12/B14 foci. Importantly, the C18 foci harbor membrane penetration-competent SV40, further implicating this structure as the membrane penetration site. Consistent with this, a mutant SV40 that cannot penetrate the ER membrane and promote infection fails to induce C18 foci. C18 also regulates the recruitment of B12/B14 into the foci. In contrast to B14, C18's cytosolic Hsc70-binding J domain, but not the lumenal domain, is essential for its targeting to the foci; this J domain likewise is necessary to support SV40 infection. Knockdown-rescue experiments reveal that C18 executes a role that is not redundant with those of B12/B14 during SV40 infection. Collectively, our data illuminate C18's contribution to SV40 ER membrane penetration, strengthening the idea that SV40-triggered foci are critical for cytosol entry.IMPORTANCEPolyomaviruses (PyVs) cause devastating human diseases, particularly in immunocompromised patients. As this virus family continues to be a significant human pathogen, clarifying the molecular basis of their cellular entry pathway remains a high priority. To infect cells, PyV traffics from the cell surface to the ER, where it penetrates the ER membrane to reach the cytosol. In the cytosol, the virus moves to the nucleus to cause infection. ER-to-cytosol membrane penetration is a critical yet mysterious infection step. In this study, we clarify the role of an ER membrane protein called C18 in mobilizing the simian PyV SV40, a PyV archetype, from the ER into the cytosol. Our findings also support the hypothesis that SV40 induces the formation of punctate structures in the ER membrane, called foci, that serve as the portal for cytosol entry of the virus.

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Li, Qian Shu, Feng Long Gu, and Au Chin Tang. "Quantum chemistry study on B14, B142?, and B14H142?" International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 50, no. 3 (April 15, 1994): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560500302.

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8

Savoy, L. A., R. M. L. Jones, S. Pochon, J. G. Davies, A. V. Muir, R. E. Offord, and K. Rose. "Identification by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of insulin fragments produced by insulin proteinase." Biochemical Journal 249, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2490215.

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We describe the isolation by reversed-phase h.p.l.c. of a number of products of the degradation of insulin by insulin proteinase and their direct analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (f.a.b.-m.s.). Various semisynthetically labelled insulins were used, including [[2H2]GlyA1]insulin and [18O]LysB29]insulin. The results obtained confirm and extend the results obtained by non-mass-spectrometric methods [Davies, Muir, Rose & Offord (1988) Biochem. J. 249, 209-214, and papers cited therein]. Cleavage sites were identified between positions A13-A14, A14-A15, B9-B10, B13-B14, B24-B25 and B25-B26. The advantages and disadvantages of the application of f.a.b.-m.s. to such studies are discussed.

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Chen, Ron A. J., Nathalie Jacobs, and Geoffrey L. Smith. "Vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve protein B14 is an intracellular virulence factor." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81736-0.

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A characterization of the B14R gene from Vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve (WR) is presented. Computational analyses of the B14R gene indicated high conservation in orthopoxviruses but no orthologues outside the Poxviridae. To characterize the B14 protein, the B14R gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant protein was purified and used to generate a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. This antiserum recognized a 15 kDa cytoplasmic protein in mammalian cells that were transfected with the B14R gene or infected with VACV WR, but not from cells infected with a VACV mutant (vΔB14) from which the B14R gene was deleted. Compared to wild-type and revertant virus controls, vΔB14 had normal growth kinetics in cell culture. The virulence of vΔB14 was assessed in two in vivo models. Mice infected intranasally with vΔB14 had similar weight loss compared to the controls, but in C57BL/6 mice infected intradermally vΔB14 induced a smaller lesion size compared with controls. Moreover, intradermal infection with vΔB14 caused an increased infiltration of cells into the infected lesion despite the smaller lesion size. Therefore, B14 is an intracellular protein that is non-essential for virus replication in cell culture but contributes to virus virulence in vivo and affects the host response to infection.

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Metakovsky, Eugene, Laura Pascual, Patrizia Vaccino, Viktor Melnik, Marta Rodriguez-Quijano, Yulia Popovych, Sabina Chebotar, and William John Rogers. "Heteroalleles in Common Wheat: Multiple Differences between Allelic Variants of the Gli-B1 Locus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041832.

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The Gli-B1-encoded γ-gliadins and non-coding γ-gliadin DNA sequences for 15 different alleles of common wheat have been compared using seven tests: electrophoretic mobility (EM) and molecular weight (MW) of the encoded major γ-gliadin, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns (RFLPs) (three different markers), Gli-B1-γ-gliadin-pseudogene known SNP markers (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) and sequencing the pseudogene GAG56B. It was discovered that encoded γ-gliadins, with contrasting EM, had similar MWs. However, seven allelic variants (designated from I to VII) differed among them in the other six tests: I (alleles Gli-B1i, k, m, o), II (Gli-B1n, q, s), III (Gli-B1b), IV (Gli-B1e, f, g), V (Gli-B1h), VI (Gli-B1d) and VII (Gli-B1a). Allele Gli-B1c (variant VIII) was identical to the alleles from group IV in four of the tests. Some tests might show a fine difference between alleles belonging to the same variant. Our results attest in favor of the independent origin of at least seven variants at the Gli-B1 locus that might originate from deeply diverged genotypes of the donor(s) of the B genome in hexaploid wheat and therefore might be called “heteroallelic”. The donor’s particularities at the Gli-B1 locus might be conserved since that time and decisively contribute to the current high genetic diversity of common wheat.

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Pan, Haibin, Yuqian Yan, Jing Zhang, Shan Zhao, Liqiang Feng, Junxian Ou, Na Cao, et al. "Rapid Construction of a Replication-Competent Infectious Clone of Human Adenovirus Type 14 by Gibson Assembly." Viruses 10, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10100568.

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In 1955, Human adenovirus type 14 (HAdV-B14p) was firstly identified in a military trainee diagnosed as acute respiratory disease (ARD) in the Netherlands. Fifty years later, a genomic variant, HAdV-B14p1, re-emerged in the U.S. and caused large and fatal ARD outbreaks. Subsequently, more and more ARD outbreaks occurred in Canada, the UK, Ireland, and China, in both military and civil settings. To generate a tool for the efficient characterization of this new genomic variant, a full-length infectious genomic clone of HAdV-B14 was successfully constructed using one-step Gibson Assembly method in this study. Firstly, the full genome of HAdV-B14p1 strain GZ01, the first HAdV-B14 isolate in China, was assembled into pBR322 plasmid by Gibson Assembly. The pBRAdV14 plasmid, generated by Gibson Assembly, was analyzed and verified by PCR, restriction enzymes digestion and the sequencing. Secondly, viruses were rescued from pBRAdV14-transfected A549 cells. The integrity of the rescued viruses was identified by restriction enzyme analysis. The complete sequence of the infectious clone was further sequenced. No mutation was found in the infectious clone during the construction when compared with the parental virus and pBR322 sequences. The direct immunofluorescence assay indicated the expression of the hexon protein. Finally, typical virions were observed; the one-step growth curves further showed that the DNA replication and viral reproduction efficiency of pBRAd14 derived viruses was similar with that of wild-type HAdV-B14 strain. The successful construction of the replication-competent infectious clone of pBRAdV14 facilitates the development of vaccine and antiviral drugs against HAdV-B14, as well as provides a novel strategy for rapid construction of infectious viral clones for other large-genome DNA viruses.

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EKPRASERT, JINDARAT, SASIWIMON KANAKAI, and SULADDA YOSPRASONG. "Improved Biosurfactant Production by Enterobacter cloacae B14, Stability Studies, and its Antimicrobial Activity." Polish Journal of Microbiology 69, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2020-030.

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This work aimed to optimize carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of Enterobacter cloacae B14 and its biosurfactant (BS) production via One-Variable-At-a-Time (OVAT) method. The BS stability under a range of pH and temperatures was assessed. Antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for BS production were maltose and yeast extract, respectively, with a maximum BS yield of (39.8 ± 5.2) mg BS/g biomass. The highest emulsification activity (E24) was 79%, which is significantly higher than in the previous studies. We found that B14 BS can withstand a wide range of pH values from 2 to10. It could also function under a range of temperatures from 30–37°C. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) analysis confirmed that B14 BS is a glycolipid-like compound, which is rarely found in Enterobacter spp. Cell-free broth showed inhibition against various pathogens, preferable to Gram-positive ones. It had better antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis than a commonly-used antibiotic, tetracycline. Furthermore, B14 broth could inhibit the growth of a tetracycline-resistant Serratia marcescens. Our results showed promising B14 BS applications not only for bioremediation but also for the production of antimicrobial products.

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Guruvelli, Padma V. S., Pranita Wagmare, Bhaskar C. Harinath, Risy N. Jamullamudi, Purna N. Kurre, and Murali K. K. Muthyala. "Synthesis, Screening and Docking Analysis of Novel Benzimidazolium and Benzotriazolium Compounds as Potent Anti Tubercular Agents." Anti-Infective Agents 17, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211352516666180810101327.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs. Globally, there are about 10.5 million new cases and about 1.5 million deaths reported each year as per science daily research news in 2017. Objective: One of the biggest problems of Tuberculosis is the lack of effective treatments. Bedaquiline (2013) and Delaminid (2014) are the only two agents approved for TB after Rifampicin. This clearly shows the need for new lead molecules to fight against TB. Methodology: A series of benzimidazolium and benzotriazolium derivatives were synthesized and the structures were confirmed by their IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR and mass spectral data. They were tested for in vitro antitubercular activity by MABA Assay, MTT Assay and axenic culture assay. To determine selective TB activity, they were also tested for antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Docking simulations and drug-inhibitor combination studies were conducted to know the probable mechanism of action. Results: Among the synthesized compounds B10, B11, B13, B14, B22, B23, B24, B25, B26 and B27 showed excellent anti TB activity with an MIC 3.12-0.8 µg/mL. Among these, compound 1,3- bis(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium chloride (B11) has shown selective anti TB activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (0.8µg/mL) in MABA assay. This compound hasn’t shown any antimicrobial (at 100μg/mL) and cytotoxicity (at 10µM). Docking studies and drug-inhibitor combination studies indicated that the compounds might act via enzymes involved in the cell division process. Conclusion: In conclusion, we synthesized molecules with potent and selective anti TB activity.

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Das, Eula, and Sam Odle. "B14 No Action, No Learning." Quality Management in Health Care 2, Supplement (1994): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019514-199400001-00042.

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Das, Eula, and Sam Odle. "B14 No Action, No Learning." Quality Management in Health Care &NA; (December 1994): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019514-199412000-00042.

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Motta, P., L. Airaghi, A. Catania, I. Mangone, A. Orsatti, L. Tenconi, L. Cantalamessa, and C. Zanussi. "Screening for non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in an HLA-B14 positive population." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 2 (October 1987): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1160211.

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Abstract. To evaluate whether HLA-B14 positive individuals are at increased risk for non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the response of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone to ACTH stimulation test was studied in a group of 27 apparently normal, HLA-B14 positive, blood donors. Four of these subjects showed a response typical of 21-hydroxylase defect. In the present series, the enzymatic defect was found to have a considerably lower prevalence than in a previous study of smaller size (15% vs 66%); however, considering the low frequency of the gene coding for the defect in the general population (0.015–0.057), the present results confirm an increased risk for non-classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency in HLA-B14 positive individuals. Therefore, in these subjects, a screening for 21-hydroxylase deficiency may be indicated.

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Matte, Allan, Cecil W. Forsberg, and Ann M. Verrinder Gibbins. "Enzymes associated with metabolism of xylose and other pentoses by Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola strains, Selenomonas ruminantium D, and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-063.

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Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola strains B14 and S23 and Selenomonas ruminantium strain D used xylose as the sole source of carbohyrate for growth, whereas Fibrobacter succinogenes was unable to metabolize xylose. Prevotella ruminicola strain B14 exhibited transport activity for xylose. In contrast, F. succinogenes lacked typical xylose uptake activity but did exhibit low binding potential for the sugar. Prevotella ruminicola strains B14 and S23 as well as S. ruminantium D showed low xylose isomerase activities but higher xylulokinase activities, using assays that gave high activities for these enzymes in Escherichia coli. Xylose isomerase appeared to be produced constitutively in these ruminal bacteria, but xylulokinase was induced to varying degrees with xylose as the source of carbohydrate. Fibrobacter succinogenes lacked xylose isomerase and xylulokinase. All three species of ruminal bacteria possessed transketolase,xylulose-5-phosphate epimerase, and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activities. Neither P. ruminicola B14 nor F. succinogenes S85 showed significant phosphoketolase activity. The data indicate that F. succinogenes is unable to either actively uptake or metabolize xylose as a result of the absence of functional xylose permease, xylose isomerase, and xylulokinase activities, although it and both P. ruminicola and S. ruminantium possess the essential enzymes of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate cycle. Key words: Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella, Selenomonas, xylose metabolism, rumen bacteria, pentose phosphate cycle.

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Magierowska, Magdalena, Ioannis Theodorou, Patrice Debré, Françoise Sanson, Brigitte Autran, Yves Rivière, Dominique Charron, French ALT, IMMUNOCO Study Groups, and Dominique Costagliola. "Combined Genotypes of CCR5, CCR2, SDF1, and HLA Genes Can Predict the Long-Term Nonprogressor Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1–Infected Individuals." Blood 93, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.3.936.

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Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1–infected long-term nonprogressors (LT-NP) represent less than 5% of HIV-1–infected patients. In this work, we tried to understand whether combined genotypes of CCR5-▵32, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3′A and HLA alleles can predict the LT-NP status. Among the chemokine receptor genotypes, only the frequency of the CCR5-▵32 allele was significantly higher in LT-NP compared with the group of standard progressors. The predominant HLA alleles in LT-NP were HLA-A3, HLA-B14, HLA-B17, HLA-B27, HLA-DR6, and HLA-DR7. A combination of both HLA and chemokine receptor genotypes integrated in a multivariate logistic regression model showed that if a subject is heterozygous for CCR5-▵32 and homozygous for SDF1 wild type, his odds of being LT-NP are increased by 16-fold, by 47-fold when a HLA-B27 allele is present with HLA-DR6 absent, and by 47-fold also if at least three of the following alleles are present: HLA-A3, HLA-B14, HLA-B17, HLA-DR7. This model allowed a correct classification of 70% of LT-NPs and 81% of progressors, suggesting that the host’s genetic background plays an important role in the evolution of HIV-1. The chemokine receptor and chemokine genes along with the HLA genotype can serve as predictors of HIV-1 outcome for classification of HIV-1–infected subjects as LT-NPs or progressors.

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Magierowska, Magdalena, Ioannis Theodorou, Patrice Debré, Françoise Sanson, Brigitte Autran, Yves Rivière, Dominique Charron, French ALT, IMMUNOCO Study Groups, and Dominique Costagliola. "Combined Genotypes of CCR5, CCR2, SDF1, and HLA Genes Can Predict the Long-Term Nonprogressor Status in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1–Infected Individuals." Blood 93, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.3.936.403k08_936_941.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1–infected long-term nonprogressors (LT-NP) represent less than 5% of HIV-1–infected patients. In this work, we tried to understand whether combined genotypes of CCR5-▵32, CCR2-64I, SDF1-3′A and HLA alleles can predict the LT-NP status. Among the chemokine receptor genotypes, only the frequency of the CCR5-▵32 allele was significantly higher in LT-NP compared with the group of standard progressors. The predominant HLA alleles in LT-NP were HLA-A3, HLA-B14, HLA-B17, HLA-B27, HLA-DR6, and HLA-DR7. A combination of both HLA and chemokine receptor genotypes integrated in a multivariate logistic regression model showed that if a subject is heterozygous for CCR5-▵32 and homozygous for SDF1 wild type, his odds of being LT-NP are increased by 16-fold, by 47-fold when a HLA-B27 allele is present with HLA-DR6 absent, and by 47-fold also if at least three of the following alleles are present: HLA-A3, HLA-B14, HLA-B17, HLA-DR7. This model allowed a correct classification of 70% of LT-NPs and 81% of progressors, suggesting that the host’s genetic background plays an important role in the evolution of HIV-1. The chemokine receptor and chemokine genes along with the HLA genotype can serve as predictors of HIV-1 outcome for classification of HIV-1–infected subjects as LT-NPs or progressors.

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Dewar, Patrick J., Ernest W. Coates, and Sheilagh Murray. "Subdivision of the Antigen HLA-B14." Tissue Antigens 10, no. 4 (December 11, 2008): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1977.tb00768.x.

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Darke, C. "The HLA-B14 Cross-Reactive Group." Tissue Antigens 15, no. 4 (December 11, 2008): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00200.x.

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Martelletti, P., A. Romiti, M. F. Gallo, M. Giacovazzo, D. Adorno, M. Valeri, A. Piazza, P. I. Monaco, and C. U. Casciani. "HLA-B14 Antigen in Cluster Headache." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 24, no. 3 (June 22, 2005): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.1984.hed2403152.x.

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23

Bailey, Jody. "Primary Healthcare and South Asian Populations: Meeting the ChallengesPrimary Healthcare and South Asian Populations: Meeting the Challenges." Nursing Standard 19, no. 3 (September 29, 2004): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2004.09.19.3.28.b14.

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Ellis, Stephen. "A Marxist history of Liberia - Jr. Kieh en George Klay, The First Liberian Civil War. The Crises of Underdevelopment (Peter Lang Verlag; Pieterlen 2008) € 26,90 ISBN 9780820488394." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 122, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2009.1.b14.

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Emmer, P. C. "Schotse handel op Atlantisch niveau - Philipp Robinson Rössner, Scottish trade with German ports, 1700- 1770. A sketch of the North Sea trades and the Atlantic economy on ground level (Franz Steiner Verlag; Stuttgart 2008) 236 p., tbl., €43,- ISBN 9783515092159." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 122, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2009.2.b14.

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26

Frankema, Ewout. "De fiscale wederopstanding van het Spaanse rijk - Carlos Marichal, Bankruptcy of Empire. Mexican Silver and the Wars between Spain, Britain and France, 1760-1810 (Cambridge University Press; New York 2008) 336 p., €52,- ISBN 9780521879644." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 122, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2009.3.b14.

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van Berkel, Klaas. "De transformatie van het Rijnland - Siger Zeischka, Minerva in de polder. Waterstaat en techniek in het Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland 1500-1865 (Verloren; Hilversum 2008) 381 p., € 35,- ISBN 9789087040239." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 122, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 570–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2009.4.b14.

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von Friedeburg, Robert. "War and religion in early modern Europe - David Onnekink ed., War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648-1713 (Ashgate; Farnham 2009) 274 p., €119,- ISBN 9780754661290." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 123, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2010.1.b14.

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Schmidt, Jan. "Naar het land van de Grote Heer - Joris Oddens, Een vorstelijk voorland. Gerard Hinlopen op reis naar Istanbul (1670-1671) (Walburg Pers; Zutphen 2009) 272 p., ill., krt., €29,95 ISBN 9789057306020." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 123, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2010.2.b14.

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Verheul, Jaap. "Europese verkenningen - Richard Mullen en James Munson, ‘The Smell of the Continent’. The British Discover Europe (Macmillan; Londen 2009) 368 p., ill., €28,95 ISBN 9780230741904." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2010.3.b14.

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Storm, Eric. "Toerisme en nationalisme in Ierland - Eric G.E. Zuelow, Making Ireland Irish. Tourism and national identity since the Irish Civil War (Syracuse University Press; Syracuse 2009) 344 p., ill., € 56,- ISBN 9780815632252." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 123, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2010.4.b14.

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32

Uitterhoeve, Wilfried. "Een rijk pakket egodocumenten - Lia van der Heijden en Jan Sanders, De levensloop van Adriaan van der Willigen (1766-1841). Een autobiografie uit een tijdperk van overgang (Verloren; Hilversum 2010) 723 p., ill., € 45,-ISBN 9789087041793." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 124, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2011.1.b14.

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Gelderblom, Oscar. "Een sleutelrol in de drankensector - Marjolein van Dekken, Brouwen, branden en bedienen. Werkende vrouwen in de Nederlandse dranknijverheid, 1500-1800 (Aksant; Amsterdam 2010) 291 p., ill., graf., €29,90 ISBN 9789052603612." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 124, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2011.2.b14.

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Verheul, Jaap. "De dodelijke erfenissen van Bismarck - Jonathan Steinberg, Bismarck: A Life (Oxford University Press; Oxford 2011) 577 p., ill., €34,75 ISBN 9780199599011." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 124, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2011.3.b14.

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Hoegaerts, Josephine. "De uitvinding van de verkrachter - Joanna Bourke, Rape. A History from 1860 to the Present (Virago; London 2008) 576 p., €17,95 ISBN 9781844081554." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 124, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 574–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2011.4.b14.

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Helmers, Helmer. "Pamfletten uit het Rampjaar - Michel Reinders, Gedrukte chaos. Populisme en moord in het Rampjaar 1672 (Uitgeverij Balans; Amsterdam 2010) 333p., ill., €19,95 ISBN 9789460032844." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 125, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2012.1.b14.

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van Dissel, Anita M. C. "Een cold case in de jungle van de Orinoco - Paul R. Sellin, Treasure, Treason and the Tower. El Dorado and the Murder of Sir Walter Raleigh (Ashgate Publishers; Hampshire 2011) 306p., ill., krt., €48,97 ISBN 9781409420255." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 125, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2012.2.b14.

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38

Blom, Hans W. "Het Plakkaat van Verlating in (internationaal) perspectief - Paul Brood and Raymond Kubben ed., The Act of Abjuration. Inspired and inspirational (Wolf Legal Publishers; Nijmegen 2011) 208p., ill., krt., €19,95 ISBN 9789058507433." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 125, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2012.3.b14.

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39

Lenarduzzi, Carolina. "Goddelijke boodschap of satanische verzen? De Reformatie van het landschap - Alexandra Walsham, The Reformation of the landscape. Religion, identity, and memory in Early Modern Britain and Ireland (Oxford University Press; Oxford 2011) 608 p., ill., €58,85 ISBN 9780199243556." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 125, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2012.4.b14.

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Kooi, Christine. "Tryn Jans Oly and the klopjes of Haarlem - Joke Spaans, De Levens der Maechden. Het verhaal van een religieuze vrouwengemeenschap in de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw (Verloren; Hilversum 2012) 166 p., ill., €19,- ISBN 978908704288." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 126, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2013.2.b14.

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van der Burg, Martijn. "Democratische revolutie van onderaf - Joost Rosendaal, Tot Nut van Nederland. Polarisatie en revolutie in een grensgebied, 1783-1787 (Uitgeverij Vantilt; Nijmegen 2011) 288 p., ill., krt., tbl., €22,50 ISBN 9789460040597." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 126, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2013.3.b14.

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de Haan, Jaap. "President Schimmelpenninck - Edwina Hagen, President van Nederland. Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (1761-1825) (Balans; Amsterdam 2012) 357 p., ill. €29,95 ISBN 9789460033070." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 126, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2013.4.b14.

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43

Salomon, M., E. D. Aflalo, M. Coll, and Y. Lubin. "Dramatic histological changes preceding suicidal maternal care in the subsocial spiderStegodyphus lineatus(Araneae: Eresidae)." Journal of Arachnology 43, no. 1 (April 2015): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b14-15.1.

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Machkour-M'Rabet, Salima, Ariane Dor, and Yann Hénaut. "Megaselia scalaris(Diptera: Phoridae): an opportunistic endoparasitoid of the endangered Mexican redrump tarantula,Brachypelma vagans(Araneae: Theraphosidae)." Journal of Arachnology 43, no. 1 (April 2015): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b14-28.1.

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45

Zuo, Ling, Cheng Chen, Ling Qi, Feng-Xiang Liu, Yue-li Yun, and Yu Peng. "Impact of elevated CO2on growth, development, and reproduction of the wolf spider,Pardosa astrigera(Araneae: Lycosidae)." Journal of Arachnology 43, no. 1 (April 2015): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b14-29.1.

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46

Shear, W. A., T. H. Jones, H. M. Guidry, S. Derkarabetian, C. H. Richart, M. Minor, and J. J. Lewis. "Chemical defenses in the opilionid infraorder Insidiatores: divergence in chemical defenses between Triaenonychidae and Travunioidea and within travunioid harvestmen (Opiliones) from eastern and western North America." Journal of Arachnology 42, no. 3 (November 2014): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b14-41.1.

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Fisher, J. Ray, Danielle M. Fisher, Michael J. Skvarla, and Ashley P. G. Dowling. "Pre-ballooning inUmmidiaThorell 1875 (Araneae: Ctenizidae) from the Interior Highlands, USA: second account from the region and review of mygalomorph ballooning." Journal of Arachnology 42, no. 3 (November 2014): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b14-43.1.

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Krejčí, Tomáš, Milan Řezáč, and Peter Michalik. "Female genital morphology and sperm storage in the velvet spiderEresus kollari(Araneae: Eresidae)." Journal of Arachnology 43, no. 2 (August 2015): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1636/b14-53.

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49

Dong, Yangchao, Yue Liu, Wen Jiang, Thomas J. Smith, Zhikai Xu, and Michael G. Rossmann. "Antibody-induced uncoating of human rhinovirus B14." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 30 (July 10, 2017): 8017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707369114.

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Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the major causes of common colds in humans. They have a nonenveloped, icosahedral capsid surrounding a positive-strand RNA genome. Here we report that the antigen-binding (Fab) fragment of a neutralizing antibody (C5) can trigger genome release from RV-B14 to form emptied particles and neutralize virus infection. Using cryo-electron microscopy, structures of the C5 Fab in complex with the full and emptied particles have been determined at 2.3 Å and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively. Each of the 60 Fab molecules binds primarily to a region on viral protein 3 (VP3). Binding of the C5 Fabs to RV-B14 results in significant conformational changes around holes in the capsid through which the viral RNA might exit. These results are so far the highest resolution view of an antibody–virus complex and elucidate a mechanism whereby antibodies neutralize RVs and related viruses by inducing virus uncoating.

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Caldwell, Daniel R., and Kyle Newman. "Pentose metabolism byBacteroides ruminicola subsp.brevis strain B14." Current Microbiology 14, no. 3 (May 1986): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01568367.

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