Academic literature on the topic 'Ba Vi National Park'

This research aims to analyze the needs of tourists for this type of wellness tourism. The research was carried out with a survey method on 118 tourists who visited Ba Vi National Park. Research results show that 89% of tourists surveyed have a desire to travel healthily to improve their physical and mental health. Ba Vi National Park has many favorable conditions for the development of wellness tourism. Tourism products that meet the needs of tourists mainly focus on products that are close to nature and have health care activities. Factors of income, location of destination, and attractiveness of natural landscape are the main factors affecting the demand of tourists.

Binh, Hoang Thi, Ngoc, Nguyen Van, Son, Hoang Thanh, Tagane, Shuichiro, Yahara, Tetsukazu (2021): Quercus ngochoaensis (Fagaceae), a new species from Ba Vi National Park, northern, Vietnam. Phytotaxa 516 (3): 283-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.516.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.516.3.7

An inventory of the insectivorous mammal fauna of the Ba Vi National Park (northern Vietnam) based on the 1993–2013 surveys was conducted. A total of five species of Eulipotyphla were found in different types of the montane broad-leafed and mixed forests and anthropogenic habitats at the altitudes 50–1000 m a.s.l. New faunistic records of the short-tailed mole Euroscaptor subanura, the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus and the Taiwanese gray shrew Crocidura tanakae from Vietnam are reported.

Ba Vi National Park, one of 28 Vietnamese National Parks, is currently preserved and exploited for a variety of purposes, including the preservation of intact natural forest ecosystems and genetic resources of rare plants and animals. This paper presents the monitoring results of microbial contamination in surface water environment of the Ba Vi National Park (Ha Noi) in the period 2013-2014 and 2018. The results showed that total coliform (TC) density varied from 23 to 11,000 MPN/100ml in bimonthly observation in 2013-2014 which was lower than that one of sampling campaign in 2018, from 900 MPN/100ml to 8,100 MPN/ml. Fecal coliform (FC) densities varied from 0 to 110 MPN/100ml in 2013-2014, lower than in 2018, when it varied from 0 MPN/100ml to 600 MPN/100ml. At several observation times, both TC and FC were higher than the allowable values of the Vietnam national technical regulation QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT column A1 for surface water quality. The exceeded values of TC and FC than the allowable values and the increase trend from the 2013 to 2018 periods indicated the potential risks to the public health in this region when people use water for domestic and agricultural purposes. Our results provide dataset for environmental management in the Ba Vi National Park in order to protect the eco-environment in parallel with social-economic development.
 Vườn Quốc gia Ba Vì, một trong 28 vườn quốc gia của Việt Nam hiện đang được bảo tồn và khai thác cho nhiều mục đích, trong đó có bảo tồn nguyên vẹn các hệ sinh thái rừng tự nhiên, các nguồn gen động, thực vật quý hiếm, các đặc sản rừng và các di tích lịch sử, cảnh quan tự nhiên trong vùng. Bài báo trình bày kết quả quan trắc, đánh giá mức độ ô nhiễm vi sinh vật trong môi trường nước mặt tại Vườn Quốc Gia Ba Vì, Hà Nội giai đoạn 2013-2014 và 2018. Kết quả cho thấy mật độ coliform tổng số (TC) biến đổi trong khoảng từ 23 – 11.000 MPN/100ml trong các đợt quan trắc định kỳ 2 tháng/lần trong hai năm 2013 - 2014 và trong khoảng từ 900 – 8.100 MPN/100ml trong một đợt quan trắc năm 2018. Mật độ fecal coliform (FC) biến đổi trong khoảng từ 0 - 110 MPN/100ml năm 2013 -2014 và từ 0 - 600 MPN/100ml vào năm 2018. Vào một số thời điểm quan trắc, mật độ FC và TC vượt giá trị cho phép của quy chuẩn kỹ thuật Quốc Gia QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT cột A1 về chất lượng nước mặt. Các giá trị TC và FC vượt quá giá trị cho phép và xu hướng gia tăng TC và FC từ 2013 -2018 cho thấy nguy cơ tiềm tàng khi người dân sử dụng nguồn nước này cho các mục đích sinh hoạt và nông nghiệp. Như vậy, kết quả của nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh nhu cầu giám sát thường xuyên chất lượng nước và cần thực hiện các giải pháp hiệu quả để xử lý và quản lý nguồn gây ô nhiễm trong khu vực nhằm bảo vệ môi trường sinh thái song song với phát triển kinh tế - xã hội của khu vực.

The Vietnam Skink (<i>Plestiodon tamdaoensis</i>) was described from Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam, in 1937, and the species is currently known only from northern Vietnam and Hong Kong of China, whereas the Devouring Forest Skink (<i>Scincella devorator</i>) was described from Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Vietnam, in 2004, and the species is endemic to northern Vietnam. As a result of our field surveys in 2023 and 2024 in Ba Vi National Park, Vietnam, we reported new distribution records, morphological data, and natural history of <i>Plestiodon tamdaoensis</i> and <i>Scincella devorator</i>. In addition, we used species distribution modeling to predict the potential distribution of these species. The model showed that the potential distribution of <i>P. tamdaoensis</i> is approximately 110,000 km2 and that of <i>S. devorator</i> is approximately 130,000 km2, covering northern Vietnam, southern China, and northern Laos, significantly expanding its known range compared to the IUCN range map.

The Vietnam Skink (Plestiodon tamdaoensis) was described from Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam, in 1937, and the species is currently known only from northern Vietnam and Hong Kong of China, whereas the Devouring Forest Skink (Scincella devorator) was described from Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Vietnam, in 2004, and the species is endemic to northern Vietnam. As a result of our field surveys in 2023 and 2024 in Ba Vi National Park, Vietnam, we reported new distribution records, morphological data, and natural history of Plestiodon tamdaoensis and Scincella devorator. In addition, we used species distribution modeling to predict the potential distribution of these species. The model showed that the potential distribution of P. tamdaoensis is approximately 110,000 km2 and that of S. devorator is approximately 130,000 km2, covering northern Vietnam, southern China, and northern Laos, significantly expanding its known range compared to the IUCN range map.

Among the protected area system of Vietnam, Cat Ba appears as an ideal national park for biodiversity research and conservation. It covers a large area of karst landscape including islands and different ecosystems ranging from forests, wetland, mangroves, caves and others. Since the establishment of Cat Ba National Park in 1986, biodiversity research and conservation within the park have been strongly promoted and raised. The park has been well known as home to highly diverse flora and fauna with many species endemic to the archipelago and Vietnam. A series of projects and programmes have been effectively implemented for urgent and long-term conservation of threatened species. However, results from scientific research also indicated that many sites and species are still almost unstudied while several sections of the park’s buffer zone are affected by human activities including unscientific development of ecotourism. We recently conduct a field survey and recorded 2 bat species and echolocation calls in their natural habitats. This paper provides an overview of achievements with recent records and recommendations for strengthening conservation of biodiversity and habitats in the park and surroundings.&#x0D; Trong hệ thống khu vực bảo vệ của Việt Nam, Cát Bà là một vườn quốc gia có điều kiện thuận lợi đối với công tác nghiên cứu và bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học. Vườn quốc gia này bao gồm diện tích lớn cảnh quan núi đá vôi với các đảo và hệ sinh thái đặc trưng như rừng trên núi, đất ngập nước, rừng ngập mặn, hang động và nhiều hệ sinh thái khác. Từ khi thành lập Vườn Quốc gia Cát Bà năm 1986, công tác nghiên cứu và bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học được quan tâm và thực hiện ngày càng nhiều. Vườn quốc gia cũng chứa đựng khu hệ động vật và thực vật đa dạng với nhiều loài đặc hữu cho quần đảo và Việt Nam. Nhiều dự án và chương trình đã được thực hiện nhằm bảo tồn cấp bách và lâu dài những loài bị đe dọa. Tuy nhiên, những kết quả nghiên cứu khoa học cũng cho thấy nhiều khu vực trong phạm vi vườn quốc gia gần như chưa được nghiên cứu trong khi một số tiểu khu thuộc vùng đệm đang bị ảnh hưởng bởi hoạt động của con người như sự phát triển du lịch. Chúng tôi đã ghi nhận được 2 loài dơi cùng với tiếng kêu siêu âm trong môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng qua thời gian điều tra thực địa vừa qua. Bài báo này cung cấp dẫn liệu tổng quan và cập nhật về những kết quả đã đạt được với những thông tin cập nhật và đề xuất nhằm thúc đẩy công tác bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học và sinh cảnh ở vườn quốc gia và vùng phụ cận trong tương lai.

Three new species of Indochinamon Yeo &amp; Ng, 2007, are described from Vietnam. The poorly known Vietnamese species Indochinamon kimboiense (Dang, 1975) is redescribed. The holotype of I. kimboiense is lost, and a topotypic specimen is designated as the neotype. Indochinamon bavi n. sp. from Ba Vi National Park, Ha Tay Province, and I. phongnha n. sp. from Phong Nha, Quang Binh Province, are allied to I. kimboiense, but can be distinguished by the characters of the carapace, chela and male first pleopod. Indochinamon dangi n. sp. is allied to I. lipkei (Ng &amp; Naiyanetr, 1993) [type locality northern Thailand], but can be distinguished by characters of the carapace, telson, and male first pleopod.

A new species, Quercus xuanlienensis Binh, Ngoc &amp; Bon, is described from Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Vietnam. The new species is morphologically similar to Q. edithiae Skan, in having 8–11 pairs of secondary veins, bowl-shaped cupules and ellipsoid to cylindrical-ellipsoid and basally convex nuts. It differs in having serrulate leaf margins only at apical 1/5–1/7, almost entire margins of bracts on cupule and much longer nuts. The species is also similar to Q. fleuryi Hickel &amp; A. Camus in having leaves glabrous on both surfaces with only an apically serrulate margin but differs in having shorter petioles, cupules enclosing 1/5 of the nut and much longer nuts. In addition, Q. disciformis Chun &amp; Tsiang. and Q. bella Chun &amp; Tsiang., previously known from China, are newly recorded from Ba Vi National Park, Vietnam.

Ba Vi National Park, one of 28 Vietnam National parks, is currently preserved and exploited for a variety of purposes, including the preservation of intact natural forest ecosystems and genetic resources of rare plants and animals. This paper presents the monitoring results of microbial contamination in surface water environment of the Ba Vi National Park (Ha Noi) in the period 2013-2014 and 2018. The results showed that total coliform (TC) density varied from 23 to 11,000 MPN/100ml in bimonthly observation in 2013-2014 which was lower than that one of sampling campaign in 2018, from 900 MPN/100ml to 8,100 MPN/ml. Fecal coliform (FC) densities vaired from 0 to 110 MPN/100ml in 2013 -2014 were lower than that in 2018, from 0 MPN/100ml to 600 MPN/100ml. At several observation time, both TC and FC were higher than the allowable values of the Vietnam national technical regulation QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT column A1 for surface water quality. The exceeded values of TC and FC than the allowable values and the increase trend from the 2013 to 2018 periods indicated the potential risks to the public health in this region when people use water for domestic and agricultural purposes. Our results provide dataset for environmental management in the Ba Vi National Park in order to protect the eco-environment in parallel with economical-social development.<br>Vườn Quốc gia Ba Vì, một trong 28 vườn quốc gia của Việt Nam hiện đang được bảo tồn và khai thác cho nhiều mục đích, trong đó có bảo tồn nguyên vẹn các hệ sinh thái rừng tự nhiên, các nguồn gen động, thực vật quý hiếm, các đặc sản rừng và các di tích lịch sử, cảnh quan tự nhiên trong vùng. Bài báo trình bày kết quả quan trắc, đánh giá mức độ ô nhiễm vi sinh vật trong môi trường nước mặt tại Vườn Quốc Gia Ba Vì, Hà Nội giai đoạn 2013-2014 và 2018. Kết quả cho thấy mật độ coliform tổng số (TC) biến đổi trong khoảng từ 23 – 11.000 MPN/100ml trong các đợt quan trắc định kỳ 2 tháng/lần trong hai năm 2013 - 2014 và trong khoảng từ 900 – 8.100 MPN/100ml trong một đợt quan trắc năm 2018. Mật độ fecal coliform (FC) biến đổi trong khoảng từ 0 - 110 MPN/100ml năm 2013 -2014 và từ 0 - 600 MPN/100ml vào năm 2018. Vào một số thời điểm quan trắc, mật độ FC và TC vượt giá trị cho phép của quy chuẩn kỹ thuật Quốc Gia QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT cột A1 về chất lượng nước mặt. Các giá trị TC và FC vượt quá giá trị cho phép và xu hướng gia tăng TC và FC từ 2013 -2018 cho thấy nguy cơ tiềm tàng khi người dân sử dụng nguồn nước này cho các mục đích sinh hoạt và nông nghiệp. Như vậy, kết quả của nghiên cứu này nhấn mạnh nhu cầu giám sát thường xuyên chất lượng nước và cần thực hiện các giải pháp hiệu quả để xử lý và quản lý nguồn gây ô nhiễm trong khu vực nhằm bảo vệ môi trường sinh thái song song với phát triển kinh tế - xã hội của khu vực.

Among the protected area system of Vietnam, Cat Ba appears as an ideal national park for biodiversity research and conservation. It covers a large area of karst landscape including islands and different ecosystems ranging from forests, wetland, mangroves, caves and others. Since the establishment of Cat Ba National Park in 1986, biodiversity research and conservation within the park have been strongly promoted and raised. The park has been well known as home to highly diverse flora and fauna with many species endemic to the archipelago and Vietnam. A series of projects and programmes have been effectively implemented for urgent and long-term conservation of threatened species. However, results from scientific research also indicated that many sites and species are still almost unstudied while several sections of the park’s buffer zone are affected by human activities including unscientific development of ecotourism. We recently conduct a field survey and recorded 2 bat species and echolocation calls in their natural habitats. This paper provides an overview of achievements with recent records and recommendations for strengthening conservation of biodiversity and habitats in the park and surroundings.<br>Trong hệ thống khu vực bảo vệ của Việt Nam, Cát Bà là một vườn quốc gia có điều kiện thuận lợi đối với công tác nghiên cứu và bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học. Vườn quốc gia này bao gồm diện tích lớn cảnh quan núi đá vôi với các đảo và hệ sinh thái đặc trưng như rừng trên núi, đất ngập nước, rừng ngập mặn, hang động và nhiều hệ sinh thái khác. Từ khi thành lập Vườn Quốc gia Cát Bà năm 1986, công tác nghiên cứu và bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học được quan tâm và thực hiện ngày càng nhiều. Vườn quốc gia cũng chứa đựng khu hệ động vật và thực vật đa dạng với nhiều loài đặc hữu cho quần đảo và Việt Nam. Nhiều dự án và chương trình đã được thực hiện nhằm bảo tồn cấp bách và lâu dài những loài bị đe dọa. Tuy nhiên, những kết quả nghiên cứu khoa học cũng cho thấy nhiều khu vực trong phạm vi vườn quốc gia gần như chưa được nghiên cứu trong khi một số tiểu khu thuộc vùng đệm đang bị ảnh hưởng bởi hoạt động của con người như sự phát triển du lịch. Chúng tôi đã ghi nhận được 2 loài dơi cùng với tiếng kêu siêu âm trong môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng qua thời gian điều tra thực địa vừa qua. Bài báo này cung cấp dẫn liệu tổng quan và cập nhật về những kết quả đã đạt được với những thông tin cập nhật và đề xuất nhằm thúc đẩy công tác bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học và sinh cảnh ở vườn quốc gia và vùng phụ cận trong tương lai.

Este trabalho buscou compreender um cenário de conflito ambiental na região do município de Caravelas e do Parque Nacional Marinho dos Abrolhos, incluindo seu entorno, no sul da Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de uma área que abrange ecossistemas mundialmente ameaçados e interdependentes (fragmentos de Mata Atlântica, manguezais e recifes de corais) onde ocorre elevado grau de endemismo de espécies, e se localiza a principal área de reprodução da baleia jubarte (Megaptera novaeagliae). Historicamente, esta região tem presenciado diversas atividades. Destacam-se a extração de pau-brasil, a caça das baleias jubarte, e a exportação de café, madeira, cacau e coco através da Estrada de Ferro Bahia-Minas. Verifica-se também a propagação de instituições ambientalistas e do monocultivo de eucalipto, bem como a presença do turismo de mergulho e observação de baleias, da pesca artesanal e da mariscagem. Objetivando entender os conflitos ambientais em torno das práticas de conservação e de projetos de desenvolvimento no município de Caravelas e no ParNaM dos Abrolhos, esta pesquisa se utilizou da abordagem construtivista da sociologia ambiental e dos estudos de conflitos ambientais articulados com as percepções sociais, resultando na categoria analítica dos pacotes perceptivos. Foram realizadas 45 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 46 interlocutores pertencentes aos distintos grupos sociais envolvidos com o uso do espaço local (ambientalistas, pescadores, poder público local, ribeirinhos, setor privado e setor turístico), observação participante, registro fotográfico e pesquisa documental entre março e maio de 2008. A análise da degravação das entrevistas revelou a existência de um cenário polarizado por ambientalistas e parte do setor turístico de um lado, que constituiu o pacote do ecodesenvolvimento, e pelo poder público, grandes empresas (porto da Aracruz Celulose e a carcinicultura da COOPEX) e parte do setor turístico de outro, o pacote do progresso. A disputa se dá pela utilização do espaço em questão através de uma lógica de desenvolvimento aliado a conservação ambiental resultando na implementação de uma Reserva Extrativista (Resex de Cassurubá) e na revitalização do ecoturismo, defendida pelo pólo dos ambientalistas, em oposição ao desenvolvimento como aumento de oferta de emprego e recolhimento de impostos através do estabelecimento de grandes empresas no município como a Aracruz e a COOPEX, defendido pelo poder público local. Quanto às populações locais, os ribeirinhos e os pescadores, verificou-se que a sua maioria não era favorável a atividades que colocariam em risco o manguezal e os recifes de corais, como a carcinicultura e a dragagem do canal para o porto, mas que sentiam a falta do estabelecimento de uma grande empresa que absorvesse a mão-de-obra deles, e muitos desconhecem ou apresentam incertezas quanto à Resex. Também foram apresentadas as diversas percepções acerca dos ecossistemas locais a partir dos distintos grupos sociais entrevistados.<br>This study has tried to learn the environmental conflict scene in the region of the city of Caravelas up to Parque Nacional Marinho dos Abrolhos (National Marine Park of Abrolhos), including its surroundings, in the South of Bahia, Brazil. The scope focused on this work has interdependent worldly endangered ecosystems − segments of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, mangroves and coral reefs – in which there is a high level of endemism of species, and it is also the main breeding ground of Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeagliae). This region has historically experienced a variety of activities, such as pau-brasil extraction, the whaling of Humpback Whale; and coffee, wood, cocoa and coconut exports through the Bahia-Minas railway. There has also been a growing number of environmentalist institutions, eucalyptus monoculture, diving tourism, whale watching, artisanal fishing and shellfish gathering. The goal of this study was to understand the environmental conflicts concerning conservation measures and development projects in the city of Caravelas and in ParNaM dos Abrolhos. This research has used the constructionist approach from environmental sociology and environmental conflicts studies associated with social perceptions, which resulted in the analytical concept of perceptive packages. Forty-five not-strictly-planned interviews were conducted with 46 interviewees that belonged to the different social groups involved in the using of the area. They were environmentalists, fishermen, local civil power representatives, riparian inhabitants, private business representatives and tourism business representatives. There was also participative observation, photographic documentation and documental research between March and May of 2008. The analysis of the interviews transcription revealed the existence of a scenery divided in two conflictive groups: the environmentalists and part of the touristic sector that comprises the package of ecodevelopment (sustainable development) on one side, and the public power, big companies (Aracruz Celulose Harbour and shrimp farming of COOPEX) and the other part of the touristic sector on the other side, the package of progress. The two parties contest for the use of the area. The environmentalists stand for the idea of development along with environmental conservation through the implementation of the Extractive Reserve of Cassurubá (Resex de Cassurubá) and the improvement of ecotourism. On the other hand, the local public power is in favor of development as a way to increase the number of job opportunities and tax collection due to the establishment of big companies, like Aracruz and COOPEX, in the city. Concerning local people, riparian inhabitants and fishermen, it was found that their majority were not in favor of activities that would be risky for the mangroves and the coral reefs such as the shrimp farming and the dredging of the channel to the harbour. However, they lacked for the establishing of a big company that could use their work force. Besides, many were unaware or uncertain about Resex. It was also presented distinct perceptions of local ecosystems from different social groups interviewed.

Master of Arts - Development Studies<br>This research explores the socio-economic impact of nature-based tourism on surrounding communities in the Pilanesberg National Park (PNP). The study pays particular attention to the Bakgatla community. The study looks at issues of employment creation, and the participation of the community in the management of the park. Of particular importance here is whether, PNP generates employment and income making opportunities for neighbouring communities, most notably, the Bakgatla. The level at which the Bakgatla are involved in decision-making processes of the park is closely scrutinised. Notwithstanding the obvious limitations with regard to the kinds and number of jobs that PNP, as an attraction is able to generate in the area, the study reveals a significant contribution that the park makes in this regard. Lodges serve as the major sources of employment recruitment in the PNP. The bulk of the recruits are mainly people from surrounding communities except in cases where required skills are not available locally. Concerning the question of participation, the study shows that more still need to be done in terms of broadening the concept to include and reflect diverse interests groups within the community. The concept of community participation also needs to be defined beyond mere ‘trickling down’ of benefits to the community, to imply real empowerment. The latter relates to the question of sustainability, which could effectively be realised through meaningful involvement of the community groups and individuals in the making of decisions, and policies affecting their lives.

University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Science.<br>Ba Be National Park, in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam, is an important conservation area with numerous rare, endangered and endemic plant and animal species. The plant resources of the park are exploited by local ethnic minority (hill tribe) people to provide food, medicines and wood products; their high birth rate, general ignorance of plant propagation and husbandry and their dependence on the forest resources to maintain a subsistence level of life has placed many plant species in the Park at increasing risk of local extinction. Moreover, many essential plants are becoming so difficult to find that the local peoples’ lifestyle is threatened. This thesis evaluates the socio-economic features of the threat to plant species in the Park, the broad ecological determinants of the distribution of plants in the area and the genetic diversity of a selected number of plant species. The results demonstrate that national and international schemes for the classification of the conservation status of plant species is of limited relevance in the local context and a mixture of national, international and local criteria enabled the compilation of a plant species conservation ranking for the Park. A suite of environmental factors was chosen to investigate their collective influence on plant species distribution; the main determinants of floristic composition appear to be topography and disturbance, with soil factors being important for endangered species, though other factors not measured here may influence species composition at small scales. The genetic diversity of four priority plant species was determined using the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and the Random Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphisms (RAMP) technique was used to further investigate genetic diversity in two of the four species; the latter proved somewhat more useful in distinguishing between populations than the former. A preliminary evaluation of the location of high-genetic-diversity populations and individuals should allow an informed selection of source plants for future propagation. Some recommendations on future management of the National Park are made.

Text in English with abstracts and keywords in English, Sepedi, isiXhosa and isiZulu<br>Protected areas in South Africa are often surrounded by impoverished communities. Biodiversity must be conserved while improving community wellbeing. An increased understanding of key influences on pro-conservation attitudes and behaviour is essential for the future of successful conservation and the creation of realistic solutions for poor communities. Knowledge gaps exist regarding intangible benefits and losses, as well as the relationship between benefits, losses and pro-conservation attitudes and behaviour. Furthermore, there are less qualitative studies in this field than quantitative, nor are there many that include the perspective of park staff. This research followed a novel comparative multiple-method qualitative approach, using contrasting case studies and borrowing from grounded theory. Three nature reserves were selected, each involving two constituencies – (i) the local community and (ii) protected area staff. Individual interviews, focus group interviews, mapping, and adapted nominal grouping technique were used to collect data. The data were first analysed question-by-question for each case study, followed by cross-case analysis which resulted in meta-themes for each research objective. In each case study, benefits and losses were ranked to indicate their level of importance. Key tangible benefits were employment, access to natural resources and support for schools. Intangible benefits drew less focus, but comprise key influences, such as visiting the park, environmental education, information dissemination, and involvement. These benefits emerged again as aspects that would drew less focus, but comprise key influences, such as visiting the park, environmental education, information dissemination, and involvement. These benefits emerged again as aspects that would improve future positivity if more of each could be provided. Key losses were lack of/limited access to the reserve as visitors, insufficient employment, fear of wild animals and lack of involvement/interaction. Findings indicate that communities have a range of responsibilities towards the reserve (some of which are self-imposed), and a strong sense of custodianship. Exclusion from responsibility led to negative attitudes. Good relationships resulted in fewer poaching incidents, although locals are hesitant to report subsistence poaching. Areas of non-alignment between the perceptions of both constituencies highlight areas for rectification, such as parks acknowledging the losses perceived by communities; knowing which benefits are most important to communities; and highlighting benefits not mentioned by communities. The meta-themes were used to construct a data-derived ‘Theory of Influences on Pro-conservation Attitudes and Behaviour’, which indicates how relationship is shaped by benefits, losses, detractors and facilitators; and includes solutions to increase positive attitudes. To drive practical application of the theory, recommendations for park managers and local communities are provided. Finally, this study was integrated with existing literature to develop the ‘People-Parks Win-Win Framework’ – a comprehensive representation of the influences on people-park relationships – which has not been done before. The study makes methodological, theoretical and practical contributions. Its findings can facilitate people-park win-wins, aiding both biodiversity conservation and community wellbeing.<br>Mafelo ao a šireleditšwego ka Afrika Borwa gantši a dikaneditšwe ke ditšhaba tšeo di hlokago. Diphedi tšeo di fapafapanego di swanetše go babalelwa mola ka go le lengwe re kaonafatša go phela gabotse ga ditšhaba. Kwešišo ye e oketšegilego ya dilo tše bohlokwa tše di huetšago maikutlo ao a thekgago pabalelo ya diphedi le maitshwaro e bohlokwa go bokamoso bja pabalelo ye e atlegilego le go hloma ditharollo tše di kwagalago go ditšhaba tše di hlokago. Tlhokego ya tsebo e gona mabapi le dikholego le ditahlegelo tšeo di sa bonagalego, gammogo le kamano magareng ga dikholego, ditahlegelo le maikutlo ao a thekgago pabalelo ya diphedi le maitshwaro. Godimo ga fao, go na le dinyakišišo tše mmalwa ka ga boleng ka mo lefapheng le go fetwa ke dinyakišišo ka ga bontši, ebile ga go na le tše ntši tšeo di akaretšago maikutlo a bašomi ba ka dirapeng tša diphoofolo. Dinyakišišo tše di latetše mokgwa wa papetšo wa mekgwa ye mentši ya dinyakišišo ka ga boleng, ka go šomiša dinyakišišo tša seemo tšeo di thulanago le go adima go teori yeo e tlogago e theilwe ka mabaka. Mafelo a pabalelo ya diphedi a mararo a kgethilwe, le lengwe le le lengwe le akaretša bakgathatema ba babedi ka go lona – (i) setšhaba sa kgauswi le (ii) bašomi ba lefelo leo le šireleditšwego. Batho ka o tee ka o tee ba ile ba botšišwa dipotšišo, dihlopha tše di nepišitšwego le tšona di ile tša botšišwa dipotšišo, go hlaola, le mokgwa wo o fetošitšwego wa go hlopha ka maina di šomišitšwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo. Tshedimošo e thomile ka go sekasekwa go ya ka potšišo ye e botšišitšwego go dinyakišišo tša seemo, gwa latela tshekatsheko ya dinyakišišo tše di fapafapanego yeo e feleleditšego ka merero ye megolo go maikemišetšo a mangwe le a mangwe a dinyakišišo. Ka go dinyakišišo tše dingwe le tše dingwe tša seemo, dikholego le ditahlegelo di ile tša bewa ka maemo go laetša maemo a bohlokwa bja tšona. Dikholego tše bohlokwa tšeo di bonagalago di ile tša dirišwa, gwa ba le phihlelelo go methopo ya tlhago le thekgo ya dikolo. Dikholego tšeo di sa bonagalego di ile tša ba le šedi ye nnyane, eupša tša ba le dikhuetšo tše bohlokwa, tša go swana le go etela serapeng sa diphoofolo, thuto ya tikologo, go phatlalatša tshedimošo, le go kgatha tema. Dikholego tše di tšweletše gape bjalo ka dikokwane tšeo di tlago kaonafatša maikutlo a makaone a ka moso ge e le gore tše ntši tša tšona di tla abja. Ditahlegelo tše bohlokwa e bakilwe ke tlhokego ya phihlelelo/phihlelelo ye nnyane ya go tsena ka dirapeng tša diphoofolo ka baeti, tlhokego ya mešomo, go tšhaba diphoofolo tša lešoka le tlhokego ya go kgatha tema/tirišano. Dikutollo di laetša gore ditšhaba di na le maikarabelo a mehutahuta go dirapa tša diphoofolo (a mangwe maikarabelo ke a go ithaopa ga setšhaba), le maikutlo ao a tiilego a go di hlokomela. Go se akaretše ditšhaba go maikarabelo a go feleleditše ka maikutlo ao a sego a loka. Dikamano tše botse di feleleditše ka ditiragalo tše mmalwa tša go bolaya diphoofolo ke bao ba nyakago manaka a tšona, le ge e le gore badudi ba dikadika go bega go bolaya diphoofolo ke bao ba inyakelago nama ya tšona. Makala a go se sepelelane magareng ga maikutlo a bakgathatema ka bobedi a laetša fao go swanatšego go phošollwa gona, go swana le ge dirapa tša diphoofolo di dumela ditahlegelo tšeo di bonwago ke ditšhaba; di tseba gore ke dikholego dife tše di lego bohlokwa kudu go ditšhaba; le go laetša dikholego tše di sego tša bolelwa ke ditšhaba. Mereo ye megolo e ile ya šomišwa go hlama ‘Teori ya dikhuetšo ye e tšwago tshedimošong ka ga Maikutlo le Maitshwaro ao a Thekgago Pabalelo ya diphedi’, yeo e laetšago ka fao kamano e bopšago ke dikholego, ditahlegelo, disenyi le basepediši; ebile e akaretšago ditharollo tša go oketša maikutlo a makaone. Go tšwetša pele tirišo ye e phathagatšwago ya teori ye, balaodi ba dirapa tša diphoofolo le ditšhaba ba ile ba fiwa ditšhišinyo. Mafelelong, dinyakišišo tše di ile tša tsenywa ka gare ga dingwalwa tšeo di lego gona ka nepo ya go hlama ‘Melawanatheo ya Dirapa tša Diphoofolo tša go Thekgwa ke Batho tšeo di Holago Bohle’ – e lego kemedi ye e akaretšago bohle ka ga dikhuetšo tša dikamano tša dirapa tša diphoofolo tša go thekgwa ke batho – e lego seo se sego sa ka sa dirwa mo nakong ye e fetilego. Dinyakišišo tše tsenya letsogo ka ga mekgwa, teori le tirišo. Dikutollo tša tšona di ka nolofatša kholego ya bohle go dirapa tša diphoofolo tša go thekgwa ke batho, tša thuša bobedi pabalelo ya diphedi tšeo di fapafapanego le go phela gabotse ga setšhaba.<br>Imimandla ekhuselekileyo eMzantsi Afrika ikholisa ukungqongwa yimiphakathi ehluphekileyo. Indalo esingqongileyo kufuneka ilondolozwe lo gama kuphuculwa intlalontle yoluntu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwanda kokuqonda imiba enefuthe kwiindlela zokucinga nokuziphatha malunga nolondolozo lwendalo ukuze kubekho impumelelo ekulondolozeni indalo, kudaleke nezisombululo ezisebenzayo kwimiphakathi ehluphekileyo. Kukho izikhewu kulwazi olumalunga noncedo nelahleko, kwanolwalamano phakathi koncedo, ilahleko neendlela zokucinga nokuziphatha. Ngaphaya koko, zimbalwa izifundo ezingqiyame kakhulu kwingxoxo nengcaciso kunezifundo ezingqiyame kumanani, kwaye zimbalwa eziqwalasela izimvo zabasebenzi bamaziko ekugcinwa kuwo indalo. Olu phando lunesimbo esitsha esiqhutywa ngokuthelekisa iindlela zophando eziliqela, kusetyenziswa izifundo ezisekelwe kumava neengcingane/iithiyori ezaziwayo. Kukhethwe amaziko endalo amathathu apho kubandakanywe amacandelo amabini kwiziko ngalinye – (i) uluntu lwendawo kunye (ii) nabaqeshwa bommandla okhuselweyo. Ulwazi okanye idatha luqokelelwe ngezi ndlela zilandelayo: Kwaqhutywa udliwano ndlebe nabantu bengabanye, bengamaqela ekugxininiswe kuwo, kwalandeliswa ngokuthelekisa okuqikelelweyo nokwenzekileyo kunye nokudibanisa amaqela ukuze axukushe imiba ekuphandwa ngayo. Iinkcukacha zolwazi eziqokelelweyo zahlalutywa ngokuthi kuqwalaselwe iimpendulo zombuzo ngamnye kule yemizekelo yamava omntu ngamnye, kwalandeliswa ngokuthelekisa iimeko namava abantu ngabantu, nto leyo eyaveza imixholo ebanzi kwinjongo nganye yesifundo sophando. Kwisifundo samava ngasinye kwalandelelaniswa uncedo nelahleko ngokokubaluleka kwazo. Izinto eziluncedo ezaqwalaselwayo yaba yimpangelo, ukufikelela kwimithombo yendalo nenkxaso yezikolo. Uncedo olungabambekiyo zange luqwalaselwe ngokungamandla kodwa lunefuthe eliphambili njengokutyelela amaziko endalo, ukufundiswa ngokusingqongileyo, ukusasazwa kolwazi nokuthatha inxaxheba. Ezi ndidi zoncedo zaphinda zavela njengamanqanaba aya kuphucula ukuzijonga ngethemba izinto xa kunokwenziwa ukuba zibe khona. Ilahleko yaba kukunqongophala kwendlela yokufikelela kwiziko njengeendwendwe, ukunqaba kwamathuba empangelo, ukoyika izilo zasendle nokungabikho kwamathuba okuthatha inxaxheba. Okufunyanisiweyo kudiza ukuba uluntu lunoxanduva oluziindidi ezahlukeneyo kwiziko (olunye uxanduva bazinike ngokwabo), kwaye luzibona lungabagcini bendawo. Ukunganikwa uxanduva kwakhokelela ekucingeni gwenxa. Intsebenziswano yakhokelela ekuncipheni kweziganeko zokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, nangona abahlali bendawo bemathidala ukuxela abantu abazingelela ukuzondla. Iindawo zokuhlabana kwezimvo zamacala omabini zidulisa amanqanaba afanele ukulungiswa, njengokuba amaziko endalo ayiqonde imeko ebonwa njengelahleko luluntu lwendawo; aqonde nokuba zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo nezibonwa njengoncedo luluntu; acacise nezinto eziluncedo ezingabalulwanga luluntu lwendawo. Imixholo ebanzi (meta-themes) yasetyenziselwa ukuqweba ‘Ingcingane Yefuthe Elenzeka Kwiimbono Nokuziphatha’ (‘Theory of Influences on Pro-conservation Attitudes and Behaviour’), nebonakalisa ukuba izinto eziluncedo, ilahleko, iziphazamiso nabaququzeleli zilubumba njani ulwalamano. Kwakhona, le ngcingane iquka izisombululo zokwandisa iingcinga ezintle. Kunikwe iingcebiso kubaphathi beziko lendalo nakuluntu lwendawo ukuze kuphuhliswe iindlela ezibonakalayo zokusebenzisa le ngcingane. Okokugqibela, esi sifundo sixutywe noncwadi oselukho ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa ‘Isakhelo Sempumelelo Yentsebenziswano Kuluntu Namaziko Endalo’ (‘People-Parks Win-Win Framework’) – lo ngumbhalo oveza ifuthe lentsebenziswano yoluntu namaziko endalo – nto leyo ingazange ibekho ngaphambili. Esi sifundo sifaka igxalaba ngobuchule, ngengcingane nangomsebenzi ophathekayo. Okufunyaniswe apha kunakho ukudala impumelelo kwintsebenziswano yokuntu namaziko endalo, sincede ulondolozo lwendalo nentlalontle yoluntu.<br>Izindawo ezivikelekile eNingizimu Afrika kaningi zihaqwe yimiphakathi entulayo. Izinto ezahlukahlukene eziphilayo kufanele zilondolozwe kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi sibe sesifafaza ivangeli lempilo ephephile emiphakathini. Ulwazi oluningi lwemithelela esemqoka emayelana nommoya kanye nemikhuba yokulondoloza kwemvelo kubalulekile kwikusasa lokwakha uhlelo olluyimpumelelo lokulondoloza kwemvelo kanye nokwakha amasu empilo yangempela okusiza imiphakathi edla imbuya ngothi. Kukhona ukwedlulana okumayelana nezinzuzo ezingabonakali ngamehlo kanye nokulahlekelwa, kanye nobudlelwano obuphakathi kwezinzuzo, kokulahlekelwa kanye nemmoya kanye nemikhuba ehlose ukulondoloza imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifundo ezincane zocwaningo olugxile kwizingxoxo kulo mkhakha, uma seziqhathaniswa nezifundo zocwaningo olugxile kumanani, kanti kunjalo-nje izifundo zocwaningo eziningi azixubi umqondo wabasebenzi. Lolu cwaningo luye lwalandela indlela embaxaningi yokuqhathanisa egxile kwizingxoxo, ngokusebenzisa izifundo zocwaningolotho eziphikisanayo futhi ziye zaqhubeka nokuboleka amasu kwimiqondo egxilile. . Kuye kwakhethwa iziqiwu zokulonda izilwane ezintathu, esinye nesinye isiqiwu sinezakhamuzi zendawo – (i) umphakathi oyizakhamuzi kanye (ii) nendawo evikelekile yabasebenzi. Kuye kwasetshenziswa izinhlelo zenhlolovo yomuntu ngamunye, ukumepha, kanye nezindlela zemibuzo eshicilelwe zemibono yamaqembu, konke lokhu kuye kwasetshenziswa ukuqoqa idatha. Okokuqala idatha iye yahlaziywa ngokwemibuzo ngamunye kolunye nolunye ucwaningolotho, okuye kwalandelwa yindlela yokuhlaziya eyaziwa phecelezi ngecross-case analysis okuyindlela edale ukuba kube nezindikimba ezibizwa ngemeta-themes zenhloso enye nenye yocwaningo. Kolunye nolunye ucwaningo, izinzuzo kanye nokulahlekelwa kuye kwabekwa ngokulandelana ukuze kuvezwe amazing okubaluleka. Izinzuzo ezisemqoka eziphathekayo kuye kwaba ukusebenza, ukwazi ukuthola imithombo yemvelo kanye nokuxhaswa kwezikole. Izinzuzo ezingaphathekiyo akugxilwanga kakhulu kuzo, kodwa nazo ziqukethe imithelela esemqoka, enjengokuvakashela izindawo zokungcebeleka, ukuhlinzekwa ngemfundo yezemvelo, ukusakazwa kolwazi kanye nokubandakanyeka. Lezi zinzuzo ziye zavela futhi njengezinto ezizothuthukisa ikusasa eliqhakazile uma ngabe konke lokhu kuyalandelwa. Ukulahlekelwa okuphawulekayo kuye kwaba ukusweleka/ukufinyeleleka kancane kwezivakashi esiqiwini sezilwane, ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi benani eliphansi, ukwesaba izilwane zasendle kanye nezinga lokusweleka kokubandakanyeka/nokungahlangani. Ulwazi olutholakele luveza ukuthi imiphakathi inezindima eziningi okufanele iziidlale kwiziqiwu ezilondoloza imvelo (ezinye izindima yilezo ezizibeke phezu kwamahlombe omphakathi) kanye nokuba nesasasa lokunakekela imvelo. Kanti ukungabandakanywa komphakathi kuye kwaholela ekutheni umphakathi ube nommoya ongemuhle kulezi ziqiwu. Ubudlelwano obuhle buye baholela ekutheni kube nenani eliphansi lezehlakalo zokubulawa kwezilwane, yize abantu bezindawo ezisondelene neziqiwu beba nokuthandabuza uma kufanele babike izehlakalo zokubulawa kwezilwane. Ukungasebenzisani phakathi kwezinhlanga ezimbili, izakhamuzi kanye namalungu eziqiwu zezilwane kuveza amaphutha okufanele alungiswe, anjengokuthi iziqiwu lezi zibe nolwazi ngokulahlekelwa komphakathi; zazi ukuthi ngiziphi izinzuzo ezibalulekile emphakathini; futhi ziveze izinzuzo ezingavezwanga wumphakathi. Izinhlaka phecelezi ezingama meta-themes zisetshenzisiwe ukwakha ithiyori esuselwe kwidatha, phecelezi ‘Theory of Influences on Pro-conservation Attitudes and Behaviour’, okuveza indlela ubudlelwano obakhiwa ngayo yizinzuzo, ukulahlekelwa, yizihibhe kanye nabancedisi; kanti lokhu kuxuba izixazululo eziqonde ukwengeza ummoya omuhle. Ukuze kusetshenziswe imiqondo ngendlela ebonakalayo , kuye kwalandelwa izincomo zabaphathi beziqiwi kanye nezakhamuzi eziseduze neziqiwu. Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo luye lwahlanganiswa nombhalo wobuciko obevele ukhona ukwakha phecelezi ‘People-Parks Win-Win Framework’ – uhlelo olubanzi oluxuba zonke izinhlaka olunemithelela yemibono yezinhlelo zobudlelwano babantu kanye neziqiwu zezilwane – okuyinto engakaze yenziwe ngaphambilini. Ucwaningo luye lwaba negalelo kwindlela yokucwaningo (methodological), kwimiqondo kanye namagalelo abonakalayo. Okutholwe wucwaningo kunganceda ukuhlela uhlelo lapho kuzuza abantu kanye neziqiwu, lokhu kunganceda zombili izinhlaka ukulondolozwa ephilayo ehlukahlukene kanti futhi kungadala inhlalakahle emphakathini.<br>Environmental Sciences<br>Ph. D. (Environmental Management)

Abstract On l October 1945 Turing was appointed to the newly-formed Mathematics Division of the National Physical Laboratory, his brief to design an electronic stored-program digital computer. The lectures published here, given by Turing and his assistant J.H. Wilkinson in December 1946-February 1947, add substantially to our knowledge of Turing’s design. The lectures detail the evolution of the design from Version V of early 1946 through Version VI to Version VII. On 8 December 1943, the world’s first large-scale special-purpose electronic digital computer came into operation, at the Government Code and Cypher School, Bletchley Park, England.

Environmental monitoring in specially protected areas is a vital problem, especially in places subject to anthropogenic impacts. The Tunkinskaya Valley (190 km long) is the western extension of the Baikal rift zone. On the territory of the valley there is a national park of federal significance. At the same time, the territory is subject to intensive anthropogenic load. The Tunkinskaya Valley is an attractive place for tourists. The local population (20,000 people) is engaged in cattle breeding. Industrialized areas of the Baikal region may also have an impact on the valley ecosystems. The paper presents the results of ecological monitoring of soils and vegetation of valley from 2018 to 2022. During the field research, soil profiles were laid out, and vegetation communities in the reference areas were described. More than 100 soil and plant samples were collected. During laboratory studies the organic matter content, mechanical composition of soils, acidity, content of heavy metals (Ba, Cd, Co, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) in soil samples and pine bark (a proven bioindicator of atmospheric pollution) were determined within the atomic emission method. Statistical processing of the data was carried out. Acidity in samples of pine bark varies from 3.89 to 5.43, the environment is acidic, which indicates the entry of sulfur compounds into the atmospheric air. Exceedances relative to clarks were obtained for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb. Such exceedances are caused by the wood burning and motor transport using. Exceedances of standards for �u were found in soils. During our research, the fact that the soils and vegetation of the Tunkinskaya Valley have a great diversity and mosaic distribution was found out. Thus, regular ecological monitoring of changes in the natural environment should be carried out in this park.

The possibility of large-scale forest fi res poses a threat to human lives and property, as well as the environment. Therefore, specific procedures and activities need to be correctly chosen and directed to minimize the risk of forest fi res primarily through preventive measures. The number of fi res and the area affected directly or indirectly result in significant material damages and numerous other undesirable effects. The number of fi res is increasing worldwide and in our country, both in terms of frequency and the size of the affected area. This paper elaborates on the application of GIS in determining the potential susceptibility of space to forest fi res. The study area includes the Kopaonik National Park (with zones I, II, and III for protection) as well as areas outside the National Park, within the territories of the municipalities of Raška, Brus, and Leposavić. Factors contributing to forest fi res in this area include high altitude, inaccessible and difficult terrains, unauthorized construction, vegetation under the forest, and a lack of mapped uncategorized roads.

Open satellite data enable a comprehensive multispectral analysis of vegetation worldwide. The importance of these analyzes is particularly emphasized in the area of large and impassable forests. Due to the vulnerability of forest ecosystems as a result of climate change, multispectral analysis will make a crucial contribution to proper forest management in the event of drought and to reducing the risk of forest fi res. In the Fruska gora National Park among more than 20 forest communities, there is a community of sessile oak and hornbeam with butcher's broom (Rusco-Querco-Carpinetum), as well as mountain beech forests with lime (Tilia-fagetum submontanum) of high value, and their protection should be a high priority, while multispectral analysis can improve their monitoring and support forest managers in decision-making. In this paper we use multispectral data collected by the Sentinel-2 satellite and downloaded from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem Service. NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDRE - Normalized Differenece Red Edge Vegetation Index and NDMI - Normalized Difference Moisture Index of the Fruska gora National Park area are calculated in the open software Q-gis in 10 meter and 20 meter spatial resolution for specific days selected according to the degree of cloud cover at the time of satellite observations and other meteorological conditions. All three indices are based on the values of the red, red edge, shortwave infrared and infrared spectra. The values of the indices depend on the vegetation conditions. Higher values indicate better vegetation condition, lower values indicate drought, which could be the result of dry periods, pest and disease outbreaks or certain phenological events in certain seasons. Low values could also indicate deforestation or dieback due to forest fires. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the variability of vegetation indices as a consequence of precipitation and air temperature changes. The observation period extends from 2017 to 2022.

"Golubac fortress" is a unique and indivisible spatially functional entity, with natural and created resources and values of importance for tourism. As a cultural asset of exceptional importance, it belongs to the "Golubac fortress" Nature Reserve and the "Đerdap" National Park. In 2011 the Republic of Serbia declared "Golubac Fortress" Tourist Area, which is managed by the company with limited liability for the development of tourism "Golubac Fortress". The Tourist Area, which belongs to the territory of the Municipality of Golubac, is about 22 hectares. The main tourist attraction of the Tourist Area is an immovable cultural asset - the medieval fortress "Golubac fortress", which was restored through the project "Reconstruction of Golubac Fortress", fi nanced from IPA funds and offi cially opened for visitors in 2019. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of managing attractions, with a special emphasis on medieval fortresses as complex products in tourism. "Golubac Fortress" is an example of good practice, how, through the application of the tourist attraction management model, it has turned from a neglected cultural-historical asset into an attractive tourist destination within the European cultural route "Fortresses on the Danube".

The Geological Survey of Canada undertook a mineral resource assessment for a proposed national park in northern Canada (~ 33,500 km2) spanning the transition from boreal forest to barren lands tundra. Bedrock geology of this region is complex and includes the Archean Slave Craton, the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Rae domain of the Churchill Province, the Paleoproterozoic Thelon and Taltson magmatic-tectonic zones, and the Paleoproterozoic East Arm sedimentary basin. The area has variable mineral potential for lode gold, kimberlite-hosted diamonds, VMS, vein uranium and copper, SEDEX, as well as other deposit types. A comparison of analytical methods was carried out after processing the field collected samples to acquire both the &amp;amp;lt; 2 mm and for the &amp;amp;lt; 0.063 mm size fractions for 241 surficial sediment (till) samples, collected using a 10 x 10 km grid. Analytical methods comprised: 1) aqua regia followed by ICP-MS analysis, 2) 4-acid hot dissolution followed by ICP-ES/MS analysis, 3) lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion methods followed by ICP-ES for major elements and ICP-MS for trace elements and, 4) portable XRF on dried, non-sieved sediment samples subjected to a granular segregation processing technique (to produce a clay-silt proxy) for seventeen elements (Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr) Results indicate that pXRF data do not replicate exactly the laboratory 4-acid and fusion data (in terms of precision and accuracy), but the relationship between the datasets is systematic as displayed in x-y scattergrams. Interpolated single element plots indicate that till samples with anomalies of high and low pXRF concentration levels are synonymous with high and low laboratory-based analytical concentration levels, respectively. The pXRF interpolations thus illustrate the regional geochemical trends, and most importantly, the significant geochemical anomalies in the surficial samples. These results indicate that pXRF spectrometry for a subset of elements is comparable to traditional laboratory methods. pXRF spectrometry also provides the benefit of rapid analysis and data acquisition that has a direct influence on real time sampling designs. This information facilitates efficient and cost-effective field projects (i.e. where used to identify regions of interest for high density sampling), and to prioritize samples to be analyzed using traditional geochemical methods. These tactics should increase the efficiency and success of a mineral exploration and/or environmental sampling programs.