Academic literature on the topic 'Babati Land Management Programme'
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Journal articles on the topic "Babati Land Management Programme"
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Setha, Vung, and Jan-Peter Mund. "Professional Education Programme for Land Management and Land Administration in Cambodia." International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 17, no. 4 (2008): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10382040802401664.
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Kabigi, B., Walter T. de Vries, and H. Kelvin. "A neo-institutional analysis of alternative land registration systems in Tanzania: The cases of Babati and Iringa districts." Land Use Policy 105 (June 2021): 105435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105435.
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Schulz, Carl-Erik, and Anders Skonhoft. "Wildlife management, land-use and conflicts." Environment and Development Economics 1, no. 3 (1996): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x00000619.
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ABSTRACTThe paper analyses the conflict between wildlife conservation and its accompanying land-use in an East African context. In the model there are two agents. First, there is an agency managing the wildlife and the habitat of the wildlife, which is referred to as parkland. On the other hand, there is the group of agro-pastoralists living in the vicinity of the wildlife habitat, whose land-use is referred to as rangelands. The parkland is used for tourism production and hunting, while the rangelands are used for agro-pastoral production. Both agents will find it beneficial to expand their land-use, so there is a land-use conflict. This is analysed in two steps. First, social optimality is studied; then we study the utilization of the wildlife and its accompanying land-use when there is no unified resource policy and the park agency follows its self-interest. The effects on the two different management schemes of changing economic conditions, such as the recommendations of the CITES convention and a programme subsidizing agro-pastoral production, are discussed.
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Berner, Dana, Robert Carsky, Kenton Dashiell, Jennifer Kling, and Victor Manyong. "A Land Management Based Approach to Integrated Striga hermonthica Control in sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1996): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500304.
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Striga hermonthica, an obligate root parasite of grasses, Is one of the most severe constraints to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. In the recent past, prior to increased production pressure on land, S. hermonthica was controlled in African farming systems by prolonged crop rotations with bush fallow. Because of increasing need for food and concomitant changes in land management practices, however, these fallow rotations are no longer extensively used. Shorter crop rotations and fallow periods have also led to declines in soil fertility which present a very serious threat to African food production. A sustainable solution will be an integrated approach that simultaneously addresses both of these major problems. An integrated programme that replaces traditional bush fallow rotation with non-host nitrogen-fixing legume rotations, using cultivars selected for efficacy in germinating S. hermonthica seeds, is outlined. The programme includes use of S. hermonthlca-free planting material, biological control, cultural control to enhance biological suppressiveness, host-plant resistance, and host-seed treatments.
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Maake, Manala Shadrack. "LAND REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA: OBSTINATE SPACIAL DISTORTIONS." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 1 (2016): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/1234.
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This theoretical paper seeks to make an empirical contribution to the Land Reform discourses. The paper argues that the pace of land redistribution in South Africa is undeniably slow and limits livelihood choices of relatively most intended beneficiaries of land reform programme. The primacy and success of the programme within rural development ought to measured and assessed through ways in which the land reform programmes conforms to and improve the livelihoods, ambitions and goals of the intended beneficiaries without compromising agricultural production and the economy. In addition, paper highlights the slow pace of land reform programme and its implications on socio-economic transformation of South Africa. Subsequently, the paper concludes through demonstrating the need for a radical approach towards land reform without disrupting agricultural production and further to secure support and coordination of spheres of government. The democratic government in South Africa inherited a country which characterized by extreme racial imbalances epitomized through social relations of land and spatial distortions. Non-white South Africans are still feeling the effects of colonial and apartheid legal enactments which sought to segregate ownership of resources on the basis of race in particular. Thus, successive democratic governments have the specific mandate to re-design and improve land reform policies which are targeted to reverse colonially fueled spatial distortions. South Africa’s overall Land Reform programme consists of three key elements and namely are; land redistribution, tenure reform and land restitution. Concomitantly, spatial proponents and researchers have denounced and embraced land reform ideology and its status quo in South Africa. The criticisms overlapped towards both beneficiaries and state due to factors like poor post-settlement support, lack of skills, lack of capital, infighting over land claims and land management.
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Bonell, M. "Tropical forest hydrology and the role of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 4 (1999): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-451-1999.
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Abstract. The paper outlines a perspective on tropical forest hydrology within the context of an international hydrological programme. Experience in tropical forest hydrology research in North East Australia is a focal point for comparison with international activities elsewhere. The impacts of climate variability and change are considered briefly, as well as those of reforestation of degraded land on the land use hydrology, which requires a longer term vision and support of long term experimental catchments. Sadly, too few long term experimental catchments have been maintained in the humid tropics and there have been some significant closures even of these sites in recent years. Yet the case for long-term experiments is strengthened by the problematic issue of separating anthropogenic influences (such as land use change) on the hydrology of landscapes from the effects of climate variability at a time of escalation in population and related socio-economic pressures in the humid tropics. Particular emphasis is made of the need for greater consideration for the social and cultural dimensions of forest management within forest hydrology. Furthermore, scientists must be committed to incorporating ‘societal needs' in their planning of research projects, as well as in publicizing the applications of their results, within the framework of forest-land-water policy. Alarm is expressed at the extensive disregard for the application of existing forest hydrology ‘know how' in forest-land management manipulations associated with the humid tropics.
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Persson, Martin, Jesper Moberg, Madelene Ostwald, and Jintao Xu. "The Chinese Grain for Green Programme: Assessing the carbon sequestered via land reform." Journal of Environmental Management 126 (September 2013): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.045.
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Tindall, C. Isabella, and Roger V. Moore. "The rivers database and the overall data management for the Land Ocean Interaction Study programme." Science of The Total Environment 194-195 (February 1997): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05358-2.
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Weith, Thomas, Sebastian Rogga, Jana Zscheischler, and Nadin Gaasch. "Beyond projects: benefits of research accompanying research: Reflections from the research programme Sustainable Land Management." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 28, no. 3 (2019): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.28.3.10.
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In manifold ways science and practice are working together to find solutions for sustainable land management. New research programmes on this topic generate a large variety of single project results. Accompanying research projects will realize additional value by merging and synthesising the results from these projects and by supporting the generation of new knowledge for science and society.For many actors in science and policy, the additional value of research accompanying research projects remains open. Referring to a recent publication in GAIA that introduces a typology for accompanying research (AR), this article discusses the central issues, content, processes and ongoing challenges in an AR project accompanying the German research programme Sustainable Land Management. The important value of AR can be seen in communication, networking, the reflexive generation of new knowledge and knowledge management based on trust building and competence. AR also exhibits great potential for research on cross-cutting issues in research programmes and has special significance for meta-studies on different research projects taking place under similar funding conditions. However, additional analyses are necessary for a better understanding of the outcomes and impacts of AR and to create wider appreciation and acceptance.
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Randall, C. W., and T. J. Grizzard. "Management of the Occoquan River basin: a 20-year case history." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 5-6 (1995): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0613.
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The high dam on the Occoquan River of Northern Virginia, United States of America, was constructed in 1957, forming a drinking water reservoir with a capacity of 37.1 × 106m3 formed by drainage from a 1 460 km2 watershed, and providing a safe yield of 189 251 m3 per day. Deteriorating water quality in the late 1960s led to a special “policy” for the watershed, designed to preserve the reservoir as a drinking water supply. Key provisions of the policy mandated replacement of the watershed's 11 publicly owned wastewater treatment works with a single advanced wastewater treatment plant (AWT), and establishment of the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Programme. Early results from the programme established non-point nutrient pollution as a major cause of water quality deterioration and resulted in the implementation of non-point pollution controls throughout the watershed during the late 1970s. The AWT plant went on-line in July 1978. Continuous monitoring since 1973 has demonstrated both the necessity and the effectiveness of point and non-point nutrient controls for the preservation of the reservoir's water quality. The AWT plant provides excellent removal of organics and phosphorus, plus complete nitrification. The nitrates are discharged to the receiving stream to enhance conditions in the reservoir. Control policies include land-use management for the preservation of this essential water supply for 750 000 people in the Washington, D.C. suburbs. Land-use management decisions are based on the results obtained with a watershed-reservoir linked computer model which predicts water quality changes resulting from land-use changes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Babati Land Management Programme"
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Patterson, Todd Keith. "An Independent Review of Project Management Processes for CERA’s Port Hills Land Clearance Programme." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8954.
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This report to RCP Ltd and University of Canterbury summarises the findings of a 5 month secondment to the CERA Port Hills Land Clearance Team. Improvement strategies were initiated and observed. The Port Hills Land Clearance Programme is the undertaking of the demolition of all built structures from the Crown’s compulsory acquired 714 residential red zoned properties. These properties are zoned red due to an elevated life risk as a result of geotechnical land uncertainty following the 2011 Canterbury Earthquakes.
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Conradie, Hendrik Francois. "Evaluation of the Western Cape Provincial Government’s land provision programme for new state health facilities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6458.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research was undertaken during 2009/2010 and focused on the Western Cape Department of Transport & Public Works (DPW) programme for the provision of land for the construction of new state health facilities (hospitals, community health centres, clinics) in the province. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the Department has instituted proper policy to deliver the required land, and whether this policy is implemented successfully. The study was thus, in essence, an evaluation of a government policy programme.
The following are the overall findings and conclusions, per chapter:
•Chapter 1 provides an introduction, with reference to the main research question and related questions.
•In Chapter 2 important theory on policy evaluation is presented, and a Policy Documentation Template (PDT) developed, capturing the essential principles and elements for effective public policy documents.
•In Chapter 3 important selected sections of the existing conceptual/theoretical body of knowledge on policy implementation are explored and analysed by the researcher, leading to identification of critical implementation principles/lessons as well as the Policy Implementation Monitor (PIM).
•In Chapter 4 the DPW‟s set of policy documentation related to land provision for new state health facilities is studied, described, analysed, and compared with the PDT. It is found that an effective and enforceable annual operational plan does not exist, rendering successful policy implementation and monitoring impossible.
•In Chapter 5 the implementation of the policy documents is described, and critically analysed. The PIM and lessons learnt from policy implementation theory are applied to DPW‟s implementation practice. Serious shortcomings are found in the implementation of the land provision programme – especially regarding ineffective cooperation between the Provincial Departments of Public Works and Health – resulting in delayed delivery of land for new state health facilities.
•Chapter 6 contains the researcher‟s conclusions and policy recommendations.
The researcher produces the following recommendations for consideration by the Minister, to address the problems in the DPW land provision policy programme:
A. Appointment of a policy think tank (group of independent expert professional individuals with high-order management skills) with the following tasks:
•Facilitate the establishment of a Health Facilities Partnership Contract (HFPC) between DPW and the Provincial Department of Health by 31 March 2011.
•Ensure that the HFPC contains the essential elements on functioning of the partnership, and includes the mutually agreed new state health facility projects, of which construction must start over the next three financial years (2011/12 – 2013/14); also initiate an electronic management cockpit to be used by the Minister for real-time (24 hr) monitoring of progress with the priority land/facility projects.
•Document a broad policy and strategic framework for innovative asset management approaches and models that will maximise revenue streams for DPW, and increase the value of the asset base of the Western Cape Provincial Government; this policy framework should include reference to inner city renewal in Cape Town, as well as asset-based urban regeneration and economic development in other larger towns of the Western Cape (e.g. George, Mossel Bay, Oudtshoorn, Hermanus, Paarl/Wellington, etc.).
•Make recommendations regarding updating of the asset register of DPW, including reference to effecting and conclusion of the transfer of various real estate properties that have not been transferred to DPW yet, and regarding sophisticated information/communication technology (ICT) solutions that will modernise DPW‟s asset management to international best practice standards.
B. The „policy think tank‟ (Ministerial advisory group) should have experts from outside DPW as members, but will have to engage with the DPW top management (Head of Department; Chief Director of Property Management; Director of Property Development) in a partnership context in order to have the HFPC established.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is onderneem gedurende 2009/2010 en fokus op die Wes-Kaap Departement van Vervoer & Openbare Werke program vir die voorsiening van grond vir die konstruksie van nuwe staatsgesondheidsfasiliteite (hospitale, gemeenskap gesondheidsentrums, klinieke) in die provinsie. Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel of die Department behoorlike beleid ingestel het om die vereiste grond te lewer, en of hierdie beleid suksesvol geimplementeer word. Die studie was dus, in wese, 'n evaluering van 'n regeringsbeleidsprogram.
Die volgende oorhoofse bevindinge en gevolgtrekkings word gemaak, per hoofstuk:
•Hoofstuk 1 beslaan die inleiding, met verwysing na die hoof navorsingsvraag en verwante vrae.
•In Hoofstuk 2 word belangrike teorie oor beleidsevaluering voorgehou, en 'n Beleid Dokumentasie Patroonplaat (BDP) word ontwikkel, wat die wesenlike beginsels en elemente vir effektiewe openbare beleidsdokumente bevat.
•In Hoofstuk 3 word belangrike geselekteerde dele van die bestaande konseptuele/teoretiese kennispoel oor beleidsimplementering ondersoek en ontleed deur die navorser, wat lei na die identifikasie van kritiese implementering beginsels/lesse, asook die Beleid Implementering Monitor (BIM).
•In Hoofstuk 4 word die Departement se stel beleidsdokumente rakende grondvoorsiening vir nuwe staatsgesondheidsfasiliteite bestudeer, beskryf, ontleed en vergelyk met die BDP. Dit word bevind dat geen effektiewe en afdwingbare jaarlikse operasionele plan bestaan nie, wat suksesvolle beleidsimplementering en monitering onmoontlik maak.
•In Hoofstuk 5 word die implementering van die beleidsdokumente beskryf en krities ontleed. Die BIM en lesse uit die beleidsimplementering teorie word toegepas op die Departement se implementeringspraktyk. Ernstige tekortkominge word gevind in die implementering van die grondvoorsiening program – veral rakende die oneffektiewe samewerking tussen die Departemente van Openbare Werke en Gesondheid – met vertraagde lewering van grond vir nuwe staatsgesondheidfasiliteite die gevolg.
•Hoofstuk 6 bevat die navorser se gevolgtrekkings en beleidsaanbevelings.
Die navorser produseer die volgende aanbevelings vir oorweging deur die Minister, om die probleme in die Departement se grondvoorsiening beleidsprogram aan te spreek:
A. Aanwysing van 'n beleid denkgroep ('n groep onafhanklike deskundige individue met hoë orde bestuursvaardighede) met die volgende take:
•Fasiliteer die vestiging van 'n Gesondheidsfasiliteite Vennootskap Kontrak (GFVK) tussen die provinsiale Departemente van Openbare Werke en Gesondheid, teen 31 Maart 2011.
•Verseker dat die GFVK die wesenlike elemente bevat betreffende funksionering van die vennootskap, asook die wedersyds ooreengekome projekte vir nuwe staatsgesondheidfasiliteite waarvan konstruksie 'n aanvang moet neem oor die volgende drie finansiële jare (2011/12 – 2013/14); inisieer ook 'n elektroniese bestuurskajuit vir gebruik van die Minister in die konstante (24 uur) monitering van vordering met die prioriteit grond/fasiliteite projekte.
•Dokumenteer die breë beleid en strategiese raamwerk vir innoverende batebestuur benaderings en modelle, wat die inkomste strome vir die Departemente sal optimaliseer, en die waarde van die bate basis van die Wes-Kaap Provinsiale Regering sal vergroot; hierdie beleidsraamwerk moet verwysing na middestad-vernuwing in Kaapstad insluit, asook bate-gefundeerde stedelike en ekonomiese ontwikkeling in ander groter dorpe in die Wes-Kaap (soos George, Mosselbaai, Oudtshoorn, Hermanus, Paarl/Wellington, ens.).
•Doen aanbevelings rakende die opdatering van die bate register van die Departement, insluitende verwysing na die uitvoer en afhandeling van die oordragte van verskeie vaste eiendomme wat nog nie oorgedra is na die Departement nie, asook rakende gesofistikeerde informasie/kommunikasie tegnologie (IKT) oplossings wat die Departement se batebestuur sal moderniseer tot internasionale beste-praktyk standaard.
B. Die „beleid denkgroep‟ (Ministeriele adviesgroep) moet deskundiges van buite die Departement as lede hê, maar sal in gesprek moet tree met die Departement se topbestuur (Hoof van Departement; Hoof Direkteur van Eiendomsbestuur; Direkteur van Eiendomsontwikkeling) in 'n vennootskapskonteks, sodat die GFVK tot stand kan kom.
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Tsawu, Simphiwe. "An historical overview and evaluation of the sustainability of the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD) Programme in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50567.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Land policy in South Africa prior to 1994 was used as a political instrument to discriminate against the
black population by preventing them from accessing land. The National Party government promulgated
various laws that allowed the government to forcefully removed millions of black people from their
original land to the so-called reserves. These removals resulted in extensive landlessness,
homelessness, poverty, unemployment and economic disempowerment of blacks in South Africa.
Prior to 1994 the explosive issue of land reform was the subject of debates between the different
political parties, with diverse viewpoints on what should be done. Following much debate, when the
African National Congress (ANC)-led government took over in 1994, a market approach of “willingbuyer,
willing-seller” (WBWS) was adopted, with as goal the redistribution of 30% of farmland to
blacks by 2015. A land reform programme was instituted, consisting of three programmes, namely land
restitution, land redistribution and land tenure reform. The ANC government originally regarded land
reform as a key programme to address unequal patterns of resource distribution, but there seems to be a
broad consensus that land reform has changed its originally objectives. By December 2004, all aspects
of the land reform programme had only transferred an area equal to 4, 3 % of commercial agricultural
land to blacks. At the National Land Summit of July 2005, the majority of delegates agreed that the
WBWS principle in the land redistribution process is no longer appropriate and called for alternative
policies, such as expropriation to fast track the process of redistribution in South Africa. This integrated assignment focuses on the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development (LRAD)
sub-programme of the land redistribution programme in South Africa. It gives an overview of the
history of land issues and land reform in South Africa. The study then evaluates the sustainability of
the LRAD programme and investigates the many problems and challenges that still face the
programme. The research is mainly literature based, and combines primary and secondary sources. The
study concluded that the LRAD programme will not meet its well-known objective of transferring 30%
of farmland to blacks by 2015, unless radical steps are taken to change the policy. A section on
proposed policy changes is included. It is felt that if sustainable development principles and resolutions
that were taken on the recent Land Summit are taken seriously and implemented successfully, the
LRAD programme may achieve its target by 2015.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voor 1994 is die Grondbeleid in Suid Afrika gebruik as ʼn politieke instrument om teen die swart
bevolking te diskrimineer, deur hulle daarvan te weerhou om grond te bekom. Die Nasionale Party
regering het verskeie wette gepromulgeer wat die regering toegelaat het om miljoene swart mense van
hul oorspronklike grond te verwyder, na die sogenaamde reservate. Hierdie verskuiwings is die oorsaak
van grootskaalse grondloosheid, dakloosheid, armoede, werkloosheid en ekonomiese ontmagtiging van
swart mense in Suid Afrika.
Voor 1994 was die eksplosiewe aspek van grondhervorming die onderwerp van debatte tussen die
verskillende politieke partye, met uiteenlopende sienings oor wat gedoen moes word. Na baie debat,
toe die ‘African National Congress’ (ANC) regering in 1994 oorneem, is ʼn gewillige koper, gewillige
verkoper’ beleid aanvaar, met as doel die herverdeling van 30% van plaasgrond aan swartes teen 2015.
ʼn Grondhervormingsbeleid in ingestel wat bestaan uit drie programme, naamlik grondrestitusie,
grondherverdeling en grondeienaarskap hervorming. Die ANC regering het grondhervorming
oorspronklik as ʼn sleutel program beskou om die ongelyke patroon van hulpbron verspreiding aan te
spreek, maar daar is tans ʼn breë konsensus dat grondhervorming se oorspronklike doelwitte verander
het. Teen Desember 2004, was daar, ingevolge alle aspekte van die grondhervormingsbeleid, slegs ʼn
gebied gelyk aan 4,3% van kommersiële landbougrond oorgedra aan swart mense. By die Nasionale
Grond Spitsberaad van Julie 2005 het die meerderheid van die deelnemers saamgestem dat die
‘gewillige koper, gewillige verkoper’ beleid nie langer geskik was nie, en is daar vir alternatiewe
beleide gevra, soos onteiening om die proses van grondherverdeling te bespoedig.
Hierdie geïntegreerde werkstuk fokus op die Grondherverdeling vir Landbou Ontwikkeling subprogram
van die grondherverdeling program in Suid-Afrika. Daar word ʼn oorsig gegee van die
geskiedenis van grondaangeleenthede en grondhervorming in Suid Afrika. Die studie evalueer die
volhoubaarheid van die program en stel ondersoek in na die baie probleme en uitdagings wat die
program nog in die gesig staar. Die studie is meestal literatuur-gebaseerd en kombineer primêre en
sekondêre bronne. Die studie lei af dat die program nie sy welbekende doelwit van die oordra van 30%
van plaasgrond na swart mense teen 2015 sal bereik nie, tensy radikale stappe geneem word om die beleid te wysig nie. Die studie sluit ʼn afdeling met voorgestelde beleidsveranderinge in. Daar word
gevoel dat as volhoubare ontwikkelings-beginsels en besluite wat by die Grond Spitsberaad ernstig
opgeneem en suksesvol geïmplementeer word, die program sy doelwitte teen 2015 mag bereik.
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Li, Yan-yi, and 李欣宜. "The effectiveness on implementing management agreement (MA) programme on land of private ownership with high ecological conservation value in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194570.
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The New Nature Conservation Policy was released by The Environment, Transport and Works Bureau (ETWB) (now the Environment Bureau) of the Hong Kong government has set a new direction with an aim to conserve ecologically important sites under private ownership. It is proposed to achieve it by through the Management Agreement (MA) scheme and the Private-Public Partnership (PPP) scheme.
The MA projects in prioritized sites were first launched in 2005. Over the past seven years, the Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF) had been granting funding to Conservancy Assoication (CA), Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (HKBWS) and Tai Po Environmental Association (TPEA) for the long-term management and conservation of the Long Valley and Ho Sheung Heung areas, Fung Yuen and Fishpond in Ramsar Site and Deep Bay Wetland outside Ramsar Site.
The study aims at evaluating the policy of Management Agreement, examining the progress of implementation, scheme effectiveness, merits and inadequacies, and giving suggestions for improvement. Examination on the progress of the MA projects shown that they were well implemented since their implementation and the effectiveness were high in terms of increased ecological value (both habitat and species value), expected gain and merits involving social and educational factors were also added. Case studies of Long Valley and Fung Yuen projects revealed major concerns on the requirement of sustainable financial support and a long term plan on the priority sites by the government, future threats including unpredictable impact from nearby development, illegal activities and human disturbance, etc.
It is conclude that though Management Agreement may be effective tools yet not sustainable for sites in prioritized sites, extended MA sites and future possible sites requiring active management on ecological conservation. A more comprehensive conservation plan should be established to pave sustainable development way in Hong Kong.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Kwela, Happy Angel. "The effectiveness of the Personal Financial Management Programme on the well-being of employees in the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in the Pietermaritzburg region." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53421.
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Financial management as a programme generally refers to a set of behaviours in the areas of
cash management, credit management, financial planning, investments, insurance and
retirement and estate planning (Dowling, Corney & Hoiles, 2009: 5). BancVue (2010) adds
by describing a personal financial management programme as a tool that helps consumers to
track and manage their finances, create budgets, categorise and anticipate spending, and
analyse the distribution and performance of their investments. It involves the efficient use of
personal finance to meet the individual s motives and goals .
Survival in this century depends on having resources to sustain one self. The greatest
resource nowadays is having income to meet the basic needs and other personal needs as
indicated by Maslow s hierarchy of needs (Moaisi, 2013: 21). The income earned by an
individual, just like any other resource, needs good management to ensure that the best value
can be extracted and utilised efficiently and effectively (Muske & Winter, 2004). It is for
these reasons that all consumers should have basic knowledge and skills in terms of personal
financial management that would enable sufficient control of finances, resulting in meeting
their basic needs and other necessities (Moaisi, 2013: 21-22).
The researcher is of the opinion that in order to educate consumers government and the
private sector should start by strengthening financial literacy programmes for all, especially the younger generation. If people are more financially literate, they will understand credit and
debt management better.
It is a well-known fact that there is a high prevalence of indebtedness among public servants
in the public sector (Public Commission Report, 2007). A report released by the University of
Pretoria, Law Clinic (Haupt et al., 2008:14) revealed that about R235 million (23%) which
contributed to the garnishee debt of public servants was based in the national departments.
This indicated that there was a substantial number of employees in national departments who
were serving garnishees orders. This was confirmed by a report released by PERSAL in the
Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in the Pietermaritzburg region which
revealed that between March 2009 and January 2011, 15% of employees were garnisheed as
a result of defaulting contracts with different credit providers.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Personal Financial
Management Programme for the financial well-being of employees in the Department of
Rural Development and Land Reform in the Pietermaritzburg region within the KwaZulu-
Natal province.
A quantitative study has been conducted and the data was collected through a questionnaire
from a sample of 15 employees in the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in
Kwa-Zulu Natal province in Pietermaritzburg region. Valuable conclusions and
recommendations originated from the findings of this research study. In terms of the
quantitative results it was clear that the Personal Financial Management Programme did not
make a statistical significant impact on the respondents knowledge level and attitudes
towards financial management. However, the qualitative comments made by respondents
described the Personal Financial Management Programme as a good intervention and that it
should be repeated and offered to a greater number of employees. The implications of the
study could be that employees would gain financial skills to help them manage their finances
better and therefore improve their work performance and reduce absenteeism as a result.<br>Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>MSW<br>Unrestricted
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Steer, Lorn Adam. "Site selection for the Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems in the Western Cape : a GIS application." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1653.
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Van, Heerden Kim. "Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) as a mechanism for environmental conservation : feasibility study to determine the suitability or otherwise of the Midmar area of controlled subdivision as a pilot area for the application of a TDR programme in KwaZulu-Natal." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4577.
Full textAbstract:
The application of a transfer of development rights (TDR) programme is a concept
which has been used, both formally and informally, by regulators of development, as
a mechanism to protect areas of historical, cultural, ecological, agricultural and
environmental importance. The application of a TDR programme requires definition
of a TDR boundary and the identification of sites within such area which are
capable of sustaining development (receiving sites) and sites that are not suited to
development (sending sites). A TDR programme serves to protect the natural
environment; preserve historical and cultural diversity; and, strives to achieve an
equitable spread bf development opportunities amongst property owners in a given
area.
There are those involved with current development planning policy within KwaZulu-Natal
who propose that the planning legislation should formally incorporate TDR
regulations into the KwaZulu-Natal Planning and Development Act (Act 5 of 1988).
TDR programmes in KwaZulu-Natal have been applied in a limited sense and in an
informal manner. To date, no area in KwaZulu-Natal has been formally designated
as a TDR area and the formal implementation and the feasibility of instituting a TDR
programme has not been tested.
It is suggested that within an area where environmental, agricultural, historical or
cultural significance has been identified an opportunity for the application of a TDR
programme exists. The planning and implementation of a TDR programme within a
designated area provides an opportunity for integrated and sustainable
development to occur. Within a defined TDR area the parameters for development
capacities are agreed to upfront through negotiation between property owners,
approving authorities and interested and affected parties. Consequently the
possibilities of over or inappropriate development levels within the defined special
area are significantly reduced. It must be noted that TDR programmes are area specific and therefore should only be applicable in areas which are of significant
agricultural, environmental, historical, cultural and ecological value.
This thesis identifies a possible areawhere a TOR programme could be applied. It
was thought appropriate that the pilot area should be one which is environmentally
sensitive and where only limited development has been permitted. The Midmar
Area of Controlled Subdivision, situated north of Pietermaritzburg in the KwaZulu-Natal
Midlands provides an ideal opportunity where a TDR model could be
examined and developed.
In essence, this thesis defines TDR programmes and includes a brief investigation
into international application of TDR programmes. In particular, it examines the
application of a TDR programme at Lake Tahoe in the United States to illustrate the
possible levels of sophistication that such a programme may achieve. It outlines the
legislative framework in terms of which a TDR programme may be implemented for the study area.
An overview of the current situation of the Midmar Area of
Controlled Subdivision is presented which includes a summary of the attributes of
the area; the current development pressures it faces; and, planning initiatives
impacting on the Midmar Dam and its surrounds, all of which inform the study.
The thesis also examines how and whether the implementation of a TOR
programme could be successfully achieved. The study concludes that the Midmar
Area of Controlled Subdivison would form an ideal foil on which to test the
application of TOR programmes in KwaZulu-Natal. A set of recommendations which
would form the basis for the implementation of a TOR programme in the Midmar
Area of Controlled Subdivision is provided.
The thesis does not attempt to identify each individual parcel of land which should
be ascribed receiving or sending site status as this would require further in-depth
study by various specialists.<br>Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.
Books on the topic "Babati Land Management Programme"
1
Jonsson, Josef. Improving livestock production in Babati District, Tanzania: Feasibility study for a livestock component at the Babati Land Management Programme (LAMP). Regional Soil Conservation Unit, Swedish International Development Authority, 1993.
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2
Review of wildlife issues associated with the land reform programme in Zimbabwe. World Wide Fund for Nature, Southern African Regional Programme Office, 2004.
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3
Burkina Faso. Ministère de l'environnement et du cadre de vie. Programme national de partenariat pour la gestion durable des terres: Country Partnership Programme for Sustainable Land Management (CPP). Ministère de l'environnement et du cadre de vie, 2006.
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4
Tricart, Jean. Ecogeography and rural management: A contribution to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Longman Scientific & Technical, 1992.
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5
Not yet democracy: Reforming land tenure in Tanzania. IIED/HAKIARDHI/Faculty of Law, University of Dar es Salaam, 1998.
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6
Federal/Provincial/Territorial Advisory Committee on Canada's National Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities. Canada's National Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (NPA). Send orders to Environmental Protection Publications, Environmental Technology Advancement Directorate, Environment Canada], 2000.
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Canada, Canada Environment. Implementing Canada's national programme of action for the protection of the marine environment from land-based activities: National report to the 2001 intergovernmental review meeting on implementation of the Global Programme of Action. Environment Canada, 2001.
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8
Naming the land: San identity and community conservation in Namibia's West Caprivi. Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2012.
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9
Federal/Provincial/Territorial Advisory Committee on Canada's National Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities. Implementing Canada's National Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities: National report to the 2001 Intergovernmental Review Meeting on Implementation of the Global Programme of Action. [Environment Canada], 2001.
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SADC-Land Management Research Programme. Scientific Conference. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Scientific Conference of the SADC-Land and Water Management Research Programme: Windhoek, Namibia October 11-14, 1993. The Programme, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Babati Land Management Programme"
1
Büttner, G., C. Steenmans, M. Bossard, J. Feranec, and J. Kolár. "Land Cover — Land Use Mapping within the European Corine Programme." In Remote Sensing for Environmental Data in Albania: A Strategy for Integrated Management. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4357-8_9.
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Manning, David Butler, Albrecht Bemmann, Christian Ammer, Michael Bredemeier, and Norbert Lamersdorf. "Bioenergy from Dendromass for the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: Research Findings from the AgroForNet and BEST Projects of the German ‘Sustainable Land Management’ Funding Programme." In Bioenergy from Dendromass for the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682973.ch1.
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Matambirofa, Francis. "Sowing Political Capital and Harvesting Economic Regression." In Natural Resources Management. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0803-8.ch071.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2000, Zimbabwe has embarked on an unplanned “land reform” referred to as the Fast-Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). The tumult experienced in its wake has infamously become known as the crisis in Zimbabwe. This chapter dissects and interrogates issues relating to competing variables such as land restorative and redistributive moral considerations, “hypocritical” political expedience, and, related to the latter, indigenous economic empowerment considerations that government used to justify FTLRP. The central hypothesis is that the economic and political crisis that FTLRP spawned was not, strictly speaking, “land reform,” but, by a figure of speech, only some aspirin that was meant to ease people's pain caused by economic and political challenges for which government did not have a solution. Adopting a stance of victim, underdog triumphalism, FTLRP was essentially a mischievous pretext for the ZANU(PF) government to coercively retain political power while sacrificing the economy, which inexorably imploded.
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Kelly, Paul. "Festivals and the Law." In Principles of Festival Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-911396-82-6-4066.
Full textAbstract:
In order to run your festival, you will need to comply with a range of legislation, obtain a number of licenses, and get permissions of some sort from various authorities. The nature of those permissions will depend entirely on the type of festival you are running, the country you are in and the types of locations you are using. If your festival is selling drink you will need an alcohol license and if it is taking place on public or private land it may well need a licence from the local authority. In a venue, like a theatre, which already has a creative programme it is likely that it will come with many of the permissions you need. If your festival is on a greenfield site, it is quite possible it will have none and that you will have to obtain all these permissions for yourself.
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Cretescu, Igor, Zsofia Kovacs, Liliana Lazar, et al. "Danube Delta: Water Management on the Sulina Channel in the Frame of Environmental Sustainability." In River Deltas - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97877.
Full textAbstract:
The Danube Delta is the newest land formed by both transporting sediments brought by Danube River, which flows into the Black Sea and by traversing an inland region where water spreads and deposits sediments. Diurnal tidal action is low (only 8–9 cm), therefore the sediments would wash out into the water body faster than the river deposits it. However, a seasonal fluctuation of water level of 20 cm was observed in the Black Sea, contributing to alluvial landscape evolution in the Danube Delta. The Danube Delta is a very low flat plain, lying 0.52 m above Mean Black Sea Level with a general gradient of 0.006 m/km and only 20% of the delta area is below zero level. The main control on deposition, which is a combination of river, wind-generated waves, and tidal processes, depends on the strength of each one. The other two factors that play a major role are landscape position and the grain size distribution of the source sediment entering the delta from the river. The Danube Delta is a natural protected area in the South-Eastern part of Romania, declared a Biosphere Reserve through the UNESCO “Man and Biosphere” Programme. Water is a determining factor for all the human settlements in the Biosphere Reserve, the whole Danube Delta being structured by the three branches of the Danube (Chilia, Sulina and Sfantu Gheorghe (Saint George)). Our case study is focused on the Sulina branch, also named Sulina Channel, which offers the shortest distance between the Black Sea (trough Sulina Port) and Tulcea (the most important city of the Danube Delta from economic, social and cultural points of view) for both fluvial and marine ships. The improvement of water resources management is the main topic of this chapter, in terms of water quality indicators, which will be presented in twenty-nine monitoring points, starting since a few years ago and updated to nowadays. During the study period, significant exceedances of the limit value were detected in case of nitrate-N (3.9–4.6 mg/L) at the confluence (CEATAL 2) with the Saint George branch and in the Sulina Channel after the Wastewaters Treatment Plant (WWTP) discharge area, as well as near two settlements, namely Gorgova and Maliuc. The higher concentrations of Nitrogen-based nutrients were caused by the leakage from the old sewage systems (where these exist) and the diffuse loads.
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Kennedy, Aileen, Joseph P. Coughlan, and Carol Kelleher. "Business Process Change in E-Government Projects." In Technology Enabled Transformation of the Public Sector. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1776-6.ch002.
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This research investigates one of the first e-Government services launched as part of Ireland’s Information Society programme, the Irish Land Registry’s implementation of their award winning Electronic Access (EAS) project. In-depth enquiries into how public sector organisations manage IT-enabled transformations have remained relatively limited and this case contributes to this emerging body of literature. The analysis highlights that the implementation of e-Government initiatives beyond basic service levels necessitates business process change in order to reap rewards. This study fulfils an identified need for research in Business Process Change (BPC) in the implementation of e-Government initiatives. In this way the research attempts to add to, and complement, the existing pool of studies exploring e-Government induced change. The conclusions from the research stress the importance of planning for process change and the support of top management in the achievement of the efficiency gains and improved customer experience that are outcomes of e-Government.
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"As an adjunct to this, egg masses of Austropeplea were hatched out and reared in constant temperature rooms at 15°C, 25°C and 30°C with weekly changes of water and vegetation (Figure 9.5). Shell length was measured weekly until time of reproduction. At 15°C the snails grew slower but lived longer, but at 25°C and 30°C, there was little difference in growth rates, although those at 25°C were marginally larger at equivalent periods. Although water temperatures at the Ross River dam do occasionally drop to 16°C on occasions, generally they average 25–28°C (Hurley et al. 1995). Thus from this, an Austropeplea of 12 mm shell length collected during summer will be around one month old and capable of reproducing. One of 20 mm at either 25°C or 30°C water temperature would be approximately 100 days old. On this basis, it is suggested that monitoring could be comfortably done every two to three months. 9.6 Management options 9.6.1 General conclusions There are several other lakes, man-made or otherwise in northern Queensland, that support diverse recreational activities without apparent mishap. All are subjected to tropical conditions conducive to year round production of mosquitoes, snails, mites and pathogens. What is different about the Ross River dam stage 2A is its shallowness and proximity to large human populations. Nevertheless, the studies carried out in two blocks (1983–1987 and 1990–1995) have defined its mosquito and alphavirus hazard as considerable but no greater in the northern and north-eastern areas of Big Bay, Ti-Tree Bay, Round Island and Antill Creek than that experienced by local residents in everyday life. The relative hazard would change considerably, however, if the responsible local authorities ever decided to mount a broadscale aerial control programme against larval Aedes vigilax, which breed in the extensive intertidal wetlands. Restriction of activities to daylight hours will not only facilitate easier control of the public but will also reduce exposure to key vector species such as Culex annulirostris, Anopheles amictus and Aedes normanensis. However, who takes the responsibility for an estimated 5 billion mosquito larvae found periodically in the floating Hydrilla beds? As discussed, both Culex annulirostris and Anopheles annulipes are quite capable of dispersing from the reservoir into the urban populace. Recreational management issues are probably far less complicated than the moral issues. Whereas land clearance prior to the flooding of the stage 2A lake was effective in controlling tropical itch mites and some mosquito species, it also probably effected a redistribution of the kangaroos and wallabies, known to be most effective intermediate hosts of some arboviruses, including Ross River and the often fatal Murray Valley encephalitis. They have probably been driven towards the quieter eastern areas around Toonpan, where in 1992 Ross River virus was detected in wet season Aedes normanensis at rates as low as 1:217." In Water Resources. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-38.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Babati Land Management Programme"
1
Reeve, Phil, and Katherine Eilbeck. "Contaminated Land and Groundwater Management at Sellafield: A Large Operational Site With Significant Legacy and Contaminated Land Challenges." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7051.
Full textAbstract:
Sellafield is a former Royal Ordnance Factory used since the 1940’s for the production and reprocessing of fissile materials. Leaks and spills from these plants and their associated waste facilities has led to radioactive contaminated ground legacy of up to 20 million m3. Consideration of land contamination at Sellafield began in 1976, following discovery of a major leak from a waste storage silo. Over the past three decades there has been a programme of environmental monitoring and several phases of characterization. The latest phase of characterization is a £10million contract to develop second generation conceptual and numeric models. The Site Licence Company that operates the site has been subject to structural changes due to reorganizations within the British nuclear industry. There has also been a change in emphasis to place an increased importance on accelerated decommissioning. To address these challenges a new contaminated land team and contaminated land and groundwater management plan have been established. Setting and measuring performance against challenging objectives is important. The management plan has to be cognizant of the long timescales (ca. 80 years) for final remediation. Data review, collation, acquisition, analysis, and storage is critical for success. It is equally important to seize opportunities for early environmental gains. It is possible to accelerate the development and delivery of a contaminated land and groundwater management plan by using international experts.
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McKinney, James, and Melanie Brownridge. "NDA Generic Research Programme for Higher Activity Waste Management Issues." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16390.
Full textAbstract:
NDA has a responsibility to ensure decommissioning activities are sufficiently technically underpinned and appropriate Research and Development (R&D) is carried out. The NDA funds research and development (R&D) indirectly via the Site Licence Companies (SLCs) or directly. The main component of directly funded R&D is the NDA Direct Research Portfolio (DRP). The DRP is split into four framework areas: • University Interactions; • Waste Processing; • Material Characterisation; • Actinide and Strategic Nuclear Materials. These four framework areas were competed through an Official Journal of European Union (OJEU) process in 2008. Although all four areas involve waste management, Waste Processing and Material Characterisation specifically deal with Higher Activity Waste (HAW) waste management issues. The Waste Processing area was awarded to three groups: (i) National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL), (ii) Consortium led by Hyder Consulting Ltd, and (iii) Consortium led by UKAEA Ltd. The Material Characterisation area was awarded to three groups: (i) NNL, (ii) Serco, and (iii) Consortium led by UKAEA Ltd. The initial work in Waste Processing and Material Characterisation was centred on establishing a forward research programme to address the generic needs of the UK civil nuclear industry and the NDA strategic drivers for waste management and land quality. This has been achieved by the four main framework contractors from the Waste Processing and Materials Characterisation areas working together with the NDA to identify the key research themes and begin the development of the NDA’s HAW Management Research Programme. The process also involves active engagement with both industry and regulators via the Nuclear Waste Research Forum (NWRF). The NDA’s HAW Management Research Programme includes a number of themes: • Optimisation of Interim Store Operation & Design; • Alternative Waste Encapsulants; • Waste Package Integrity; • Alternative Waste treatment methods; • Alternative storage and disposal options; • Integrated waste management solutions; • Materials characterisation. The NDA, with additional support from its framework contractors and the Nuclear Waste Research Forum, is now developing a more detailed scope for each research theme and prioritising the research projects to ensure alignment with its strategic development programme.
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Booth, Peter, and Chris Lennon. "European Network on the Determination of Site End Points for Radiologically Contaminated Land." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7105.
Full textAbstract:
Nexia Solutions are currently running a small European network entitled “European Network on the Determination of Site End Points for Radiologically Contaminated Land (ENDSEP)”. Other network members include NRG (Netherlands), UKAEA (UK), CEA (France), SOGIN (Italy), Wismut (Germany), Saxon State Agency of Environment and Geology (Germany). The network is focused on the technical and socio-economical issues associated with the determination of end points for sites potentially, or actually, impacted by radiological contamination. Such issues will cover: • Those associated with the run up to establishing a site end point; • Those associated with verifying that the end points have been met; and • Those associated with post closure. The network’s current high level objectives can be summarized as follows: • Share experience and best practice in the key issues running up to determining site end points; • Gain a better understanding of the potential effects of recent and forthcoming EU legislation; • Assess consistency between approaches; • Highlight potential gaps within the remit of site end point determination and management; and • Consider the formulation of research projects with a view to sharing time and expense. The programme of work revolves around the following key tasks: • Share information, experience and existing good practice. • Look to determine sustainable approaches to contaminated land site end point management. • Through site visits, gain first hand experience of determining an appropriate end point strategy, and identifying and resolving end point issues. • Highlight the key data gaps and consider the development of programmes to either close out these gaps or to build confidence in the approaches taken. • Production of position papers on each technical area highlighting how different countries approach/resolve a specific problem.
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Bartlett, Angela, Mike Davies, Peter Burgess, and Gavin Coppins. "Integrating History and Measurement Into a Case for Site Release." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59131.
Full textAbstract:
The United Kingdom nuclear research programme started in the 1940s. Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL) is responsible for the restoration of two sites which were at the forefront of this research, under a programme funded by the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). These are the 100 hectare Harwell site in Oxfordshire and the 84 hectare Winfrith site on the south coast of England. The work performed on these sites covered a huge range of nuclides, combinations of nuclides, chemical and physical processes, far more complicated than a power station, for example. The sites have a complex history with records of hundreds of buildings, many kilometres of drainage systems, groundwater contamination issues and land areas which require remediation. Formal work towards site release began in the 1990s, but demolition and clearance for re-use started many years earlier. An efficient restoration programme requires appropriate quality data. It is vital to decide what you need to know and how well you need to know it. As part of this, a challenging number of factors need to be considered in its design. This paper discusses these factors using the examples of the approach used at the Harwell and Winfrith sites including: • historical knowledge and associated uncertainties; • relevant clearance criteria; • availability and limitations of surveying equipment; • effective targeted and validation sampling with appropriate analytical methods; • data capture and analysis techniques; • effective communication between RSRL and the relevant technical teams; • mapping technologies (Global Positioning Systems, Geographical Information Systems); • use of Babcock’s IMAGES land quality software tool; • integration of the above over long time scales. The RSRL programme of works at the Harwell and Winfrith Sites is producing large volumes of different types of information from decommissioning, site investigation and remediation projects. This will be required to be accessible and understandable to support the process of site release which will continue over many years. The paper illustrates the methods by which RSRL is using effective knowledge management to compile a verifiable record to support site release as the site restoration works progress.
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Coppins, Gavin J., Michael Ayres, and Mike Pearl. "A Data Managment and Geographic Information System (GIS) for the Management of Land Quality on UKAEA Sites." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4519.
Full textAbstract:
On large industrial or nuclear sites there is a requirement to undertake assessments of land quality, from desk studies to detailed field investigations. Data obtained from such investigations provides the baseline from which known or potentially contaminated land can be managed. However, a commonly encountered problem is that this information is often disparate, collected for reasons not related to land quality management, with data from previous ground investigations also exhibiting the following particular problems: • The intent of a previous investigation is often not clear. • There can be much variability in investigation and analytical methods and standards. • The investigation techniques and standards are not documented. • Ground investigation and analytical data does not have adequate quality control in order to make a judgment about its value and applicability. Consequently, a commonly occurring problem is the frequent re-investigation of the same areas of a site for reasons that may not be very different. This is costly and incurs unnecessary risks. In order to resolve this problem, the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), in conjunction with ESiT Ltd, has developed and implemented a software application to capture, interrogate and present land quality assessment data for its sites across the UK. The overall assessment of land quality on the sites relies on information that is both varied and disparate in nature. Tools are therefore required to structure and assess this information to enable clear interpretation and management decisions to be made. UKAEA has applied these tools to several areas within its environmental restoration programme including delicensing activities, Safety Cases for contaminated ground, inventories of land liabilities as well as the general monitoring of the environmental conditions on and surrounding the sites. This paper will describe the software application in the context of its function as a land quality management tool. The software application, known as the Information Management and Geographic Evaluation System (IMAGES), has a modular design and facilitates multi-user access. IMAGES interfaces with standard desktop applications to enable straightforward upload or reporting of data. There are also interfaces with industry standard software packages for spatial analysis of data (ArcGIS) and to provide representation of borehole logging data. The modules that make up IMAGES are: • Land & Risk Assessment “Sentencing”; • Document Register; • Photograph/Image register; • Site Investigation; • Excavation & Soil Transfer; • Groundwater Monitoring; • Radiation survey (Health Physics) Monitoring; • Buildings Information; • Geographic Information System (GIS) Data Management. The IMAGES solution is process based, dealing with data acquisition through storage and interpretation to output and has the ability to systematically deal with large volumes of information while ensuring consistency in approach at each stage. It also provides data that is access and revision-controlled and quality assessed. IMAGES also includes a series of standard data capture templates to enable environmental monitoring and site investigation information to be captured directly in the field and automatically logged into the IMAGES relational database structure. Data within the system can be quality assessed and queried using a map-based interface. Information held within IMAGES can also be delivered seamlessly into UKAEA’s Geographic Information System (GIS) for visual assessment and further analysis.
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Davies, Mike, Robert Murley, and Ian Adsley. "Development and Evolution of a Site Survey System: Groundhog." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4870.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional techniques for the assessment of pollutants in contaminated land, notably brown-field sites, may not yield the speed and accuracy now required for estimates of risk and remediation cost. Detailed site investigation is often limited by the time and cost of laboratory-based analysis techniques and time-consuming data collation phases. Thus, relatively straightforward technical issues, such as the mapping of priority areas of a site, can be unnecessarily delayed and expensive. The GROUNDHOG system was developed to address these problems and to provide a platform for the development of a range of techniques for the radiological survey of potentially contaminated land. The system brings together the best of well-established and recent technologies. Visualisation of the survey results is improved by the use of Geographical Information Systems and Database systems allow an audit trail to be maintained as part of a Quality Assurance programme. Development of the Groundhog system has continued, increasing the sensitivity of the system for some applications, using gamma radiation spectrometry systems to provide qualitative measurements and constructing ruggedised systems for surveys of areas where the risks associated with manual surveys are deemed unacceptable. In recent years, ‘conventional’ Groundhog surveys have been performed on many nuclear and non-nuclear sites, for a wide range of reasons: de-licensing nuclear facilities; pre- and post-remediation surveys of contaminated land; during the remediation of contaminated land, to reduce waste volume. Specialised versions of the system have been developed and used for the location of discrete nuclear fuel ‘particles’ on beaches, sub-surface measurements have been made for estimating waste volume and a submarine survey has been conducted. This paper describes some of the projects completed and the technologies used to perform the work.
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Waggitt, Peter, and Mike Fawcett. "Completion of the South Alligator Valley Remediation: Northern Territory, Australia." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16198.
Full textAbstract:
13 uranium mines operated in the South Alligator Valley of Australia’s Northern Territory between 1953 and 1963. At the end of operations the mines, and associated infrastructure, were simply abandoned. As this activity preceded environmental legislation by about 15 years there was neither any obligation, nor attempt, at remediation. In the 1980s it was decided that the whole area should become an extension of the adjacent World Heritage, Kakadu National Park. As a result the Commonwealth Government made an inventory of the abandoned mines and associated facilities in 1986. This established the size and scope of the liability and formed the framework for a possible future remediation project. The initial program for the reduction of physical and radiological hazards at each of the identified sites was formulated in 1989 and the works took place from 1990 to 1992. But even at this time, as throughout much of the valley’s history, little attention was being paid to the long term aspirations of traditional land owners. The traditional Aboriginal owners, the Gunlom Land Trust, were granted freehold Native Title to the area in 1996. They immediately leased the land back to the Commonwealth Government so it would remain a part of Kakadu National Park, but under joint management. One condition of the lease required that all evidence of former mining activity be remediated by 2015. The consultation, and subsequent planning processes, for a final remediation program began in 1997. A plan was agreed in 2003 and, after funding was granted in 2005, works implementation commenced in 2007. An earlier paper described the planning and consultation stages, experience involving the cleaning up of remant uranium mill tailings and other mining residues; and the successful implementation of the initial remediation works. This paper deals with the final planning and design processes to complete the remediation programme, which is due to occur in 2009. The issues of final containment design and long term stewardship are addressed in the paper as well as some comments on lessons learned through the life of the project.
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Neal, Alan. "Winfrith: Life After Decommissioning — Nuclear Site to Science and Technology Park." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4639.
Full textAbstract:
UKAEA’s Winfrith site was built in the late 1950’s to undertake research and development into electricity generation from nuclear power. Pioneering scientific and technical work was carried out which resulted in a better understanding of nuclear issues, particularly nuclear safety. At its peak, Winfrith employed 2000 staff and at one time had nine operational nuclear reactors. The most noticeable landmark being the Steam Generating heavy Water Reactor (SGHWR) which, when in operation, provided the National Grid with enough electricity for a small town. In the early 1990’s the UK Government wound down its programme of nuclear R&D, and work started on restoring the environment of the Winfrith site by the progressive removal of the nuclear facilities. Winfrith has always been considered to be one of three key sites in Dorset for development of quality employment, and the site management, with the support of the DTI, decided to undertake a programme of environmental restoration that retained appropriate buildings and infrastructure systems that could be put to alternative long term use. To date, successes have been achieved in both the decommissioning work and also the establishment of tenants. All the fuel has been removed from the nuclear reactors and five reactors have been completely dismantled. Decontamination of other facilities has been completed. A notable example of this work is the return of a fuel fabrication building to a green field site. Another example was the decommissioning of a building that contained gloveboxes, and laboratories equipped with high efficiency filtered ventilation systems. This building was decommissioned, the area of land containing it delicensed, and the building leased to non-nuclear tenants. This thorough, painstaking process involved the use of recently developed industry techniques and required close working with the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII). The tenant base is growing and at the end of 2002 there are 40 different companies resident on site with employee numbers ranging from 1 to several hundreds with a total of ∼ 1000 staff. In addition, the UKAEA programme employs ∼ 500 as staff and contractors. The larger tenants include QinetiQ and DSTL (both from the former Defence Evaluation and Research Agency), the Natural Environment Research Council’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, and RWE Nukem. The progressive decommissioning work continues and as UKAEA retreats across the site, from east to west, the non-nuclear research and development businesses move in. The range of work established at Winfrith provides a focus for its further development as a scientific and technical centre of excellence. Facilities have been created in partnership with the local council for small and start-up businesses, while strong links are being encouraged with universities that have an interest in areas such as environmental research. Together they will form a vital part of the commercial community, stimulating growth through technical interaction and innovation.
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Biggs, Simon, Michael Fairweather, James Young, Neil Hyatt, and Francis Livens. "The DIAMOND University Research Consortium: Nuclear Waste Characterisation, Immobilisation and Storage." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16374.
Full textAbstract:
Legacy waste treatment, storage and disposal, as well as decommissioning and site remediation, from the UK’s civil nuclear programme are estimated at a cost of £70B. Within the UK, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) directs the strategy for all civil nuclear decommissioning and demanding timescales have been set for remediation of all nuclear sites. Additionally, the Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) recently delivered a recommendation, accepted by Government, that geological disposal in a mined repository presents the “best available approach” for long term management of the waste legacy. There is therefore a requirement to decommission all power generation and experimental reactors, and fuel reprocessing plants, to decontaminate land, and to return nuclear licensed sites to brown or green field status. The engineering and scientific challenges that lie ahead in meeting these targets are significant, and many of the ideas required to deliver the final end state have not yet been researched. In recognition of this the UK Research Council’s Energy Programme released a call for research proposals in the area of nuclear waste management and decommissioning valued at £4M. A grant was subsequently awarded in 2008 to a consortium led by the University of Leeds, with member universities from Manchester, Imperial College, Sheffield, Loughborough and University College London. The DIAMOND (Decommissioning, Immobilisation And Management Of Nuclear Wastes For Disposal) consortium will undertake research aligned with the strategic priorities of the NDA and the CoRWM recommendations. Its primary purpose is to be adventurous and to deliver innovation. However, research is also being performed that will be of more immediate benefit to industrial stakeholders, with near-term impact achieved through the adoption of off-the-shelf technology currently implemented by other industries. Currently more than 20 industrial organisations are linked directly to the consortium. The aims of the consortium are to carry out internationally leading research in the areas of decommissioning and waste management that underpins the development of innovative and relevant technologies for industrial use. It will broaden the research base that focuses on relevant technologies, support new links within and between universities, promote multi-disciplinary collaboration and new applications of existing knowledge, and train the next generation of researchers to address a developing skills gap.
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McClelland, Paul, Frank Dennis, and Mark Liddiard. "Practical Implementation of National Clearance Levels at Dounreay." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4629.
Full textAbstract:
Clearance is a very important part of any effective waste management strategy for both operating and decommissioning nuclear facilities. Radioactive waste disposal capacity is becoming an increasingly valuable resource and costs for disposal of radioactive wastes continue to dramatically rise. Considerable cost savings may be realised by efficient segregation of essentially non-radioactive material from radioactive wastes. The release of these materials from licensed nuclear sites for disposal, reuse or recycle without further regulatory controls is commonly referred to by the nuclear industry as “clearance”. Although much effort has been directed at establishing national clearance levels, below which, materials may be released without further regulatory controls, there is little practical guidance regarding implementation into local waste management programmes. Compliance with regulatory clearance limits is a relatively straightforward technical exercise involving appropriate management control and monitoring of the material. Whilst this is sufficient to avoid prosecution for breach of regulatory requirements, it is not sufficient to avoid a myriad of political and public relations land mines. When material is unconditionally released, unless additional attention is given to management of its future destination off-site, it may end up anywhere. The worst nightmare for a waste manager at a nuclear site is headlines in local and national newspapers such as, “RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSED IN LOCAL MUNICIPAL LANDFILL,” or, “RADIOACTIVE WASTE USED AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR CHILDRENS PLAYGROUND,” etc. Even if the material were released legally, the cost of recovering from such a situation is potentially very large, and such public relations disasters could threaten to end the clearance programme at the given site, if not nationally. This paper describes how national regulatory clearance levels have been implemented for the decommissioning of the Dounreay nuclear site in the far north of Scotland. It specifically focuses on the management of public relations aspects of clearance in order to limit the exposure to non-regulatory pressures and liabilities associated with clearance programmes from nuclear sites. The issues are put into context for uncontaminated wastes, trace contaminated wastes and management of contaminated land.