Relevant bibliographies by topics / Babbits

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Babbits'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Babbits"

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Gapparov, K. G., H. J. Erkaboev, Yu N. Mansurov, and A. A. Aksenov. "Structural Analysis of Secondary Babbits." Metallurgist 65, no. 5-6 (September 2021): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-021-01189-8.

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Gapparov, K. G., H. Zh Erkaboev, Yu N. Mansurov, and A. A. Aksenov. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY BABBITS." Metallurg, no. 5 (2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52351/00260827_2021_05_60.

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Andersen, Erik Wainø, and Willy Hougs. "The Action of Mephenesin on Local Tetanus in Babbits." Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 14, no. 4 (March 13, 2009): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1958.tb02974.x.

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Gapparov, K. G., B. T. Tozhiboev, and Yu N. Mansurov. "INDUSTRIAL TESTING OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PURIFICATION AND REMELTING OF SECONDARY BABBITS." Metallurg, no. 11 (2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.52351/00260827_2021_11_101.

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Hutchison, Janet. "Building for Babbitt: The State and the Suburban Home Ideal." Journal of Policy History 9, no. 2 (April 1997): 184–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600005923.

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In his 1922 novel Babbitt, Sinclair Lewis introduced his main character, George Follansbee Babbitt, a realtor and member of the local planning board, by describing Babbitt's suburban residence. Paraphrasing contemporary house-plan publications, Lewis characterized the Dutch Colonial dwelling as at once “competent and glossy.” Babbitt's yard, “was perfection … his bathroom … porcelain and glazed tile and metal sleek as silver … and his bedroom … right out of Cheerful Modern Homes for Medium Incomes.” Indeed, his house “had the best of taste, the best of inexpensive rugs, a simple and laudable architecture, and the latest conveniences.”
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ONO, Ichiro, Takehiko OHURA, Kenji AZAMI, Mitsutoshi HOSHI, Takashi HASEGAWA, and Masahiko TSUTSUMI. "The effect of the drugs which affect on the arachidonate cascade upon experimentally burned babbits." Blood & Vessel 17, no. 3 (1986): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2491/jjsth1970.17.260.

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Maconie, Robin. "CARE TO LISTEN: MILTON BABBITT AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN THE 1950S." Tempo 65, no. 258 (October 2011): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298211000362.

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Following Milton Babbitt's untimely death at the age of 94 (death at any age is untimely, since it unties the time dimension) in January 2011, I was interested in finding out more about his relationship, personal and music-theoretical, with the US information science community during and after the Eisenhower years. The musical avant-garde represented in parody by Babbitt and Cage as two poles of an antithesis sprang into life in the Cold War era at the same time as Scientology, MAD and Playboy magazine. Today the US doyen of priapism is ready to admit that even the best formula for a creative life has its natural limits. I wanted to ask Joseph Straus and Jerry Kohl what they thought of Babbitt's influence in the wider context of cognitive linguistics. In addition to positioning Babbitt as a significant influence on the Russian composer's serial music in the instructive Stravinsky's Late Music (Cambridge University Press, 2001), Joseph Straus is co-editor (with Stephen Dembski) of Babbitt's Words about Music. Jerome Kohl is a fellow Stockhausen enthusiast and distinguished former editor of Perspectives of New Music, a periodical set up in the 1960s to assert US authority in new musical theory and practice by an editorial board including Babbitt and graced by a logo in honour of serial music devised by Stravinsky himself.
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Cuciurean, John. "Self-Similarity and Compositional Strategies in the Music of Milton Babbitt." Canadian University Music Review 17, no. 2 (March 12, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014783ar.

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The unfolding of a compact algebraic group into a larger structure which exhibits an isomorphic relationship with the smaller group is the essence of "self-similarity." Through the use of transformational networks which take advantage of the group properties of the forty-eight canonical operators and through the examination of the hexachordally combinatorial properties of Babbitt's row forms, this paper examines the manner in which Babbitt selects and combines rows to produce maximal diversity on the surface while optimizing internal coherence at the deeper structural levels. This study focuses on three works that cover straightforward serial structures, simple array structures and superarray structures respectively — Babbitt's three main compositional strategies.
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Mailman, Joshua Banks. "UPON THE OCCASION OF THE MILTON BABBITT (1916–2011) CENTENARY: AN INTERVIEW WITH BENJAMIN BORETZ." Tempo 70, no. 278 (September 28, 2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298216000322.

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AbstractThis edited transcript of a public pre-concert discussion with composer, theorist and critic Benjamin Boretz not only touches on early personal encounters with Babbitt but also ranges over issues of reception of his music, listening experiences, transformations of music's temporality, connections to Schoenberg, Webern, Cage, and postmodernism, stylistic changes over Babbitt's career and composerly poetics, as well as motivations and consequences for precompositional structures and systems. The discussion took place on 22 November 2015, at the first of three recitals during the 2015–16 concert season at Spectrum, in New York City, in which Augustus Arnone for the second time performed all of Milton Babbitt's solo piano works, this time in honour of the composer's centenary.
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Zernin, M. V., A. V. Matyuhin, and N. N. Rybkin. "Methods for calculation and experimental evaluation of nucleation and development of the fatigue damages in tin based babbitt and babbitt lining of plain bearings." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-11-43-54.

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Fatigue damage to babbitt layers of plain bearings is often manifested during operation. The goal of the study is to develop a model for accumulation of the fatigue damage and destruction of antifriction materials and layers of plain bearings. A generalized fatigue diagram of tin-based babbitts including the main stages of fatigue damage and a diagram of the fatigue damage development in the antifriction layer of plain bearings are presented. The generalized model of V. V. Bolotin for damage accumulation and destruction is modified with regard to antifriction materials containing rather large structural elements. An explicit (direct) modeling of damage processes appeared possible for such materials. The model describes dissipated accumulation of microcracks (interpreted as destruction of the elements of the material structure), initiation and development of a system of short cracks, initiation and development of macro-cracks up to the limit state of the object. The model suggests discretization of the volume into sections with constant levels of complex stress state and discretization of the time axis into the intervals (blocks of loading cycles). The problem of identifying the parameters of a multistage model of the fatigue damage accumulation in the alloy is solved proceeding from the analysis of the results of testing babbitt specimens. We used the simplest optimization procedure, i.e., the method of deformable polyhedron. The parameters of the power function in the dependence of the rate of microdamage accumulation on the level of stresses are obtained. The parameters of the initiation and development of the crack system in the babbitt layer are obtained from the analysis of experimental results of studying steel-babbitt samples. The problem of calculating the durability of antifriction babbitt layers required the development of a new software. The program is examined by comparing calculated and experimental values of the durability of fatigue-tested bearing specimens forced against a rotating shaft by varying cyclic load. The calculated values of the durability match the experimental which confirms the performance of the calculated model.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Babbits"

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Yakas, James. "Investigation, Interpretation and Internalization in Concerto Piccolino for Vibraphone by Milton Babbitt." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404603/.

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Written in 1999, Concerto Piccolino is a part of the Composer's Guild of New Jersey Vibraphone Commission, which contains a collection of twelve soli written exclusively for vibraphone. Concerto Piccolino presents vibrant opportunities for both performer and listener to experience the compositional world of Milton Babbitt. With its limited register, ability to control duration and create extreme dynamics, the vibraphone serves as an appropriate vehicle for Babbitt's multi-dimensional style. The intent of this study is to first situate this work into Babbitt's compositional output as well as referencing Babbitt's other works for solo percussion. Next, an investigation into the background structure will provide a recommended analytical framework. Included is a performance guide for how these structures should be realized via surface materials throughout the interpretive and internalization stages of the work. Examining a recommended progression from analysis through performance will demonstrate Concerto Piccolino's significance and proper place in the standard repertoire of percussion. The study concludes with discussing connections to pedagogy and how the importance of Babbitt's work, as well as other composers of serious music, is vital to the forward progress of music performance.
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Schaub, Stéphan. "Formalisation mathématique, univers compositionnels et interprétation analytique chez Milton Babbitt et Iannis Xenakis." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040242.

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Cette thèse explore les rapports entre la formalisation mathématique, ses implications dans les pratiques compositionnelles et ses répercussions sur l’interprétation analytique. Elle se base sur l’étude de Semi-Simple Variations pour piano (1956) de Milton Babbitt, de Nomos Alpha pour violoncelle (1965-1966) de Iannis Xenakis (1921/22-2001), et d’une sélection de textes théoriques publiés par les compositeurs autour de ces deux œuvres.L’argumentaire est divisé en trois parties. La première étudie les textes théoriques afin d’en dégager les éléments formalisés (ou résultant de la formalisation) ainsi que les indices permettant d’en retracer les implications dans les pratiques compositionnelles. Ces éléments sont précisés dans la deuxième partie via la reconstitution des traces laissées par les composantes formalisées dans les textes musicaux (« modèles théoriques »). Ce travail est mené sur les deux œuvres proposées à l’analyse puis élargi à d’autres œuvres. Les modèles théoriques de deux d’entre elles étaient jusque-là restés inédits : Three Compositions for Piano de Babbitt (1947-1948) ; et Akrata de Xenakis pour 16 vents (1964-1965). La troisième partie soumet Semi-Simple Variations et Nomos Alpha à deux analyses : la première étudie les modèles théoriques, directement liés aux univers formels, alors que la seconde examine les surfaces sonores et comment elles articulent et/ou contredisent les éléments dégagés au niveau des modèles. Tout en soulignant le rôle fondamental, quoique très différent, joué par la formalisation dans les univers compositionnels de Babbitt et de Xenakis, la distance séparant les modèles théoriques des surfaces sonores amènent à considérer l’apport des premiers dans l’interprétation analytique comme étant de nature avant tout heuristique. En tant que traces de la pensée du compositeur, les modèles théoriques peuvent néanmoins suggérer de nouvelles pistes et méritent d’être intégrés à des recherches futures
This thesis explores the links between mathematical formalization, its implications in compositional practices, and its repercussions on the analytical interpretation. It is based on the study of Milton Babbitt’s Semi-Simple Variations for piano (1956), on Iannis Xenakis’ Nomos Alpha for violoncello (1965-1966), and on a selection of theoretical texts published by the composers around these two works. The argumentation is divided in three parts. The first studies the theoretical texts with the aim of extracting from them the components that are formalized (or result form formalization) as well as the indices pointing towards their implications in the compositional practices. These are then put into sharper view in the second part, through the reconstruction of the traces left by these components in the musical texts (“theoretical models”). This reconstruction is first conducted on the two main works considered before other works are considered. The theoretical models of two of them had until now remained unknown: Three Compositions for Piano by Babbitt (1947-1948) ; and Akrata for 16 winds (1964-1965) by Xenakis. The third part submits Semi-Simple Variations and Nomos Alpha to two analyses: one is aimed at the theoretical models, directly linked to the formal universes, the second examines the musical surfaces and at the way they articulate and/or contradict the elements observed in the models. While underlining the fundamental - though very different - role played by mathematical formalization in Babbitt’s and Xenakis’ compositional universes, the distance that separates the theoretical models from the musical surfaces brings one to consider the role of the former within the analytical enterprise as essentially heuristic. As traces of the composer’s thinking, the theoretical models may however suggest new approaches and deserve to be fully integrated in future research
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Seelye, Todd M., and Todd M. Seelye. "Milton Babbitt's Composition for Guitar: An Analytic Overview." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626206.

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Reader, Robert J. "A tale of two cities : the African American struggle for civil rights in Babbitt and Hawthorne, Nevada /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1451077.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007.
"December, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2008]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Planet, Kimberly A. "A computer software application for time-point composition." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722133.

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This thesis implements Milton Babbitt's time-point system for music composition via the creation of a computer software application for the Macintosh computer. This system asks the composer to enter musical information, which is used to calculate pitch, duration, articulation, texture, octave, and silence, for the time-point composition. The application generates a file of musical information that is compatible with a performance application; the performance application will execute the composition communicating with MIDI-compatible musical instruments.The purpose of this project was to create a compositional tool that would implement the time-point system by reducing hours of hand calculation and tedium, and would provide an accessible and efficient approach to time-point composition. It is intended that this application be used to assist both the serious composer as well as the student of music composition.
School of Music
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Baker, Jason. "The snare drum as a solo concert instrument an in-depth study of works by Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Dan Senn and Stuart Saunders Smith : together with three recitals of selects works by Keiko Abe, Daniel Levitan, Askell Masson, Karlheinz Stockhausen and others /." connect to online resource, 2004. http://www.library.unt.edu/theses/all/Dec2004/baker%5Fjason%5Fcolby/index.htm.

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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2004.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 4 recitals, recorded Mar. 25, 2002, Mar. 10, 2003, Oct. 6, 2003, and Oct. 18, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
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Baker, Jason Colby. "The Snare Drum as a Solo Concert Instrument: An In-Depth Study of Works by Milton Babbitt, John Cage, Dan Senn, and Stuart Saunders Smith, Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works by Keiko Abe, Daniel Levitan, Askell Masson, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4721/.

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This dissertation discusses the potential of the snare drum as a solo concert instrument. Four pieces from a collection entitled The Noble Snare are used for demonstration ("Homily" by Milton Babbitt, "Composed Improvisation for Snare Drum" by John Cage, "Peeping Tom" by Dan Senn, and "The Noble Snare" by Stuart Saunders Smith). In the absence of many traditional musical devices (i.e. melody and harmony), alternative means of expression are used by the composer. Each piece is discussed with regard to its distinctive compositional approach and inherent performance issues. Information is also given pertaining to the background of the Noble Snare series. This includes: the inspiration for the project, editorial issues, and its influence on snare drum performance. Much of this research was completed through interviews by with author with Sylvia Smith, publisher of The Noble Snare and owner of Smith Publications.
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Bhattacharya, Victoria. "Study Of Friction And Wear Behaviour Of Nano-Embedded Aluminium Alloys." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/190.

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In general, the bearing alloys have two types of microstructure i.e., either a soft matrix with discrete hard particles or a continuous matrix of the harder metal with small amount of the softer metal finely dispersed in it. The aluminium and copper based bearing alloys which are widely studied fall in the second category. However, the bearing materials which have been studied have micron sized dispersoids. In recent times, it is possible to produce nanoscale dispersoids in a hard matrix by the novel processing route of rapid solidification. This offers an opportunity to study the small length scale effect on tribological processes. In this thesis, we deal with aluminium alloys where nanoscaled dispersions of lead, bismuth and indium are produced by rapid solidification processing. Chapter 1 of the thesis is an introduction, followed by Chapter 2, which reviews the literature on nanomaterials. Special attention is given to the monotectic system, followed by a brief description on friction and wear of materials which is necessary for our present investigation. The details of experimental and characterisation techniques are given in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, we present a brief study of white metal bearings (babbit). Tin-based babbit of composition, Sn-6wt% Cu-llwt% Sb was studied. The study of babbit was mainly carried out with the idea that it could serve as a benchmark for subsequent studies in aluminium alloys, in terms of tribological properties. In particular, we have carried out a detailed electron microscopic investigation on the phases present in the bearing alloy. The friction and wear behaviour of this material confirms the proper calibration of our setup for wear studies. This is followed by a detailed study on the synthesis, microstructure and tribological behaviour of nanodispersed aluminium alloys, Al-6wt% Pb and Al-10wt% Pb in Chapter 5. For comparison, we have also studied melt-spun aluminium without dispersoids. Detailed electron microscopic characterisation indicates that lead has a cube on cube orientation relationship with the aluminium matrix, and the particles exhibit a lognormal distribution with the mode of the particle size distribution being 15 nm. The pin on disc results suggest a distinct lowering of coefficient of friction corresponding to pure aluminium (μ= 0.40) and as cast aluminium-lead alloys (μ= 0.41). Detailed SEM studies indicate a tribolayer consisting primarily of Al, Pb and Fe. The later comes from the counterface material. Our results clearly indicate that at an early stage, little or no oxidation takes place at the sliding interface. TEM observations indicate significant deformation of lead particles in the sub-surface region. The observations suggest spreading of the lead, which acts as a lubricating layer. Wear behaviour is primarily adhesive and follows Archard's wear law. However, the rate of wear is less than that reported by other investigators on micronsized lead dispersions in aluminium. In Chapter 6, we present the results for alloys dispersed with nanosized indium and bismuth. We show that indium particles on melt-spinning exhibit both cubic and tetragonal crystal structure. The indium particles are coarser (with a mode of 25 nm) than the lead and bismuth particles (which have mode of 15nm). The bismuth containing alloys have a lower wear rate and coefficient of friction compared to lead and indium alloys. However, both indium and bismuth particles do not follow Archard's wear law and the wear vs load graph shows a non-linear behaviour. The results are discussed in terms of known mechanisms of the coefficient of friction and wear. Chapter 7 gives the salient conclusions while in Chapter 8 we discuss some of the unanswered questions and the potential for future work in this field.
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Беспалов, Сергій Анатолійович, and Serhii Anatoliiovych Bespalov. "Структурно-морфологічні принципи зносостійкості та їх реалізація в керуванні працездатністю низьколегованих сталей." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43869.

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Дисертаційна робота присвячена розробленню принципів зносостійкості, що ґрунтуються на закономірностях зв’язку структуроутворення з геометрією трибологічного контакту. Зазначені принципи реалізовано при цілеспрямованому регулюванні фазового складу конструкційних та інструментальних сталей, що пов’язує елементи мікроструктури зі схемою контактної взаємодії поверхонь твердих тіл при терті та забезпечує високий опір зношуванню та мінімізацію пошкоджуваності поверхонь контакту. Виявлено, що морфологія карбідної фази сталей 40Х та 40ХНМ є одним з основних факторів, який впливає на рівноважну шорсткість, структурно-геометричні параметри та несучу спроможність поверхні контакту, які формуються при терті та позначаються на їхніх трибологічних характеристиках. Показано, що отримання в структурі сталей Х6ВФ, 9ХФ і 7ХНМФБ на місці крупних тугоплавких легованих карбідів дисперсного мартенситу із залишками цих карбідів сприяє суттєвому підвищенню зносостійкості зазначених сталей завдяки зникненню міжфазних меж «карбід-матриця». За результатами нейромережевого моделювання сертифікованих структурно-геометричних параметрів поверхні залежно від її шорсткості проведено аналіз несучої спроможності поверхні контакту сталі 40Х під час тертя.
Диссертационная работа посвящена разработке принципов износостойкости, основанных на закономерностях связи структурообразования с геометрией трибологического контакта и их реализация в управлении работоспособностью низколегированных конструкционных и инструментальных сталей при обосновании оптимальных режимов термической обработки. Предложены основные закономерности и требования к организации структуры, а также пути целенаправленного регулирования фазового состава конструкционных и инструментальных сталей, связывающих элементы микроструктуры со схемой контактного взаимодействия поверхностей твердых тел при трении, обеспечивающих высокое сопротивление износу и минимизацию повреждаемости поверхности контактного взаимодействия. На основании сравнительного анализа размерных параметров и характера распределения интерметаллидов SnSb в структуре баббитов Б83 и БТ относительно размеров и распределения пятен контакта при взаимодействии твердых тел при трении сформулированы основные закономерности и требования к организации износостойких антифрикционных структур. Установлено, что растущая неравномерность распределения углерода в сталях 40Х и 40ХНМ с повышением температуры закалки до 1050 С способствует увеличению размеров и количества высокоуглеродистых кристаллов игольчатого мартенсита и выделению в середине них на микродвойниковых границах при высоком отпуске более крупных в сравнении с пакетным мартенситом карбидов, стабильных к распаду при пластической деформации, образуя микрообъемы материала, обладающие более высокими относительно окружающей микроструктуры механическими характеристиками и устойчивостью к разрушению при фрикционном контакте. Показано, что создание гетерогенной по прочностным характеристикам структуры в указанных сталях, близкой к схеме контактного взаимодействия, является одним из решающих факторов уменьшения интенсивности износа как образцов, так и контртела. Дальнейшее увеличение температуры закалки до 1160 С хотя и приводит к образованию еще большей неравномерности распределения углерода с еще большими кристаллами игольчатого мартенсита, но при этом значительно увеличивается расстояние между микрообъёмами материала с повышенными механическими характеристиками и уменьшается их количество на поверхности трения, уменьшая стойкость к износу по сравнению с образцами, закаленными от 1050 С. Выявлено, что морфология карбидной фазы является одним из основных факторов, влияющих на равновесную шероховатость, структурно-геометрические параметры и несущую способность поверхности контакта, формирующиеся при трении и сказывающиеся на их трибологических характеристиках. На примере стали 08Г2С, направленной на гребень вагонного колеса, установлено, что формирование в литом материале гетерогенной по строению и механическим характеристикам структуры приводит к существенному уменьшению ее износа по сравнению с гомогенной. Увеличение дисперсности структуры первичных кристаллитов при их перпендикулярной ориентации к поверхности трения приближает структуру к схеме контактного взаимодействия и способствует повышению износостойкости металла в литом состоянии. Изучено влияние температурно-временных условий закалки инструментальных сталей Х6ВФ, 9ХФ и 7ХНМФБ, содержащих в своей структуре крупные тугоплавкие карбиды, которые могут выполнять роль пятен контакта. Показано, что замена потенциальных пятен контакта в виде тугоплавких легированных карбидов после стандартной термической обработки на опорные микроучастки со структурой дисперсного мартенсита с остатками этих карбидов способствует существенному повышению износостойкости указанных сталей благодаря исчезновению межфазных границ «карбид-матрица», уменьшению вероятности выкрашивания крупных карбидов и увеличению стойкости к разрушению при контактном взаимодействии микрообъёмов с повышенными механическими характеристиками. Осуществлена адаптация выбранной архитектуры искусственной нейронной сети – функционала множества табличных функций. Спрогнозировано изменение физико-механических свойств поверхности контакта стали 40Х и связанную с ней динамику изменения сопротивления износу в зависимости от температуры закалки. По результатам моделирования сертифицированных структурно-геометрических параметров поверхности в зависимости от ее шероховатости проведен анализ несущей способности поверхности контакта образцов стали 40Х при трении.
The thesis is devoted to the development of wear resistance principles, which based on connection regularities of structure formation with tribological contact geometry. These principles by targeted regulation of phase composition of constructural and tool steels by connection of microstructure elements with the contact interaction scheme of solid surfaces during friction was realized and provides high wear resistance and minimizes damages of contact surfaces. It was revealed that the carbide phase morphology of 40X and 40XHM is one of the main factors affecting the equilibrium roughness, structural-geometric parameters, and the bearing capacity of the contact surface formed upon friction and affect their tribological characteristics. It is shown that obtaining in the structure of X6ВФ, 9XФ and 7ХНМФБ tool steels in the place of large refractory alloyed carbides of disperse martensite with the residues of these carbides contributes to a significant increase in the wear resistance of these steels due to the disappearance of the carbide matrix interfacial boundaries. According to the results of neural network modeling of certified structural-geometric parameters of the surface, depending on its roughness, the bearing capacity of the 40X steel contact surface during friction was analyzed.
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Andreatta, Moreno. "Méthodes algébriques en musique et musicologie du XXe siècle : aspects théoriques, analytiques et compositionnels." Paris, EHESS, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004074.

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L'application de méthodes algébriques en musique représente une démarche récente dans la recherche musicale. Une réflexion historique sur l'émergence du concept de structure algébrique en musique met en évidence la place centrale occupée par trois compositeurs/théoriciens du XXe siècle : Milton Babbitt, Iannis Xenakis et Anatol Vieru. A partir de leurs propositions théoriques, cette étude développe une réflexion approfondie sur la notion de théorie musicale dans ses applications aussi bien analytiques que compositionnelles. Elle offre également une formalisation algébrique de la Set Theory et de ses développements transformationnels tout en discutant les rapports entre la tradition analytique américaine et la démarche théorique formelle en Europe. Les concepts abordés permettent de définir la place d'une démarche computationnelle en musicologie et ouvrent des questions philosophiques sur le rapport entre mathématiques et musique
The application of algebraic mtehods to music is a relatively new approach in musical research. We analyse the problem of the emergence of algebraic structures in music by looking at three main figures of twentieth-century theorists/composers : Milton Babbit, Iannis Xenakis and Anatol Vieru. Some of their music-theoretic contructions are the starting point for a discussion on the notion of music theory in some analytical as well ax compositional applications. This work discusses an algebraic formalisation of Set Theory and its transformational developments from a perspective which includes an analysis of the relationships between American tradition and a formalised European approach. The concepts elaborated in this work lead to a definition of the place of a computational approach in musicology and open several philosophical questions on the relationships between mathematics and music
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Books on the topic "Babbits"

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. Thorndike, Me: G.K. Hall, 1998.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. [Place of publication not identified]: Nabu Press, 2010.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books, 2002.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York: Signet Classic, published by the Penguin Group, 1991.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York: Signet Classic, 1998.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York: Modern Library, 2002.

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Lewis, Sinclair. Babbitt. New York: Signet Classics, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Babbits"

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Möller, Hartmut. "Babbitt, Milton." In Komponisten Lexikon, 7–9. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05274-2_7.

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Möller, Hartmut. "Babbitt, Milton." In Metzler Komponisten Lexikon, 10–13. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03421-2_8.

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Beuka, Robert. "Babbit Redux." In SuburbiaNation, 107–47. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-73210-4_4.

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Herrmann, Elisabeth, and Nadja Gernalzick. "Lewis, Sinclair: Babbitt." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–3. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_12008-1.

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Bai, Liping. "The Influence of Irving Babbitt." In Mapping the Translator, 29–49. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271963-3.

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Gajmal, Sameer S., and Dadarao N. Raut. "In-situ Microwave-Assisted Casting of ASTM B23 Tin-Based Babbitt Alloy." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 115–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3639-7_15.

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Bemman, Brian, and David Meredith. "Exact Cover Problem in Milton Babbitt’s All-Partition Array." In Mathematics and Computation in Music, 237–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20603-5_25.

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Bernstein, Zachary. "On Milton Babbitt, Schenkerian." In Thinking In and About Music, 1–35. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949235.003.0001.

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This chapter explores the influence of Schenker on Babbitt’s theoretical views, analytical prose, and, most importantly, his compositional techniques. Beginning with a discussion of his upbringing in the New York City of the 1930s, surrounded by intellectual refugees fleeing Nazi Germany, the chapter details how Schenkerian organicism influenced Babbitt and how it intersected with his other, often quite divergent, interests. The metaphor of organicism is excavated in Babbitt’s writings and examined for its heuristic utility. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, another predecessor Babbitt repeatedly cited, is discussed as an additional potential influence. Babbitt’s principal compositional techniques—serial arrays, the time-point system, and cross-references—are reconstructed in light of his Schenkerian principles. Readers new to Babbitt’s music will find the basic outlines of his compositional approach surveyed here.
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Adler, Eric. "Humanism vs. Humanitarianism." In The Battle of the Classics, 163–204. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518786.003.0006.

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This chapter surveys Irving Babbitt’s writings in defense of the classical and modern humanities. It demonstrates that Babbitt’s critique of the American research university and its philosophical underpinnings provides a more satisfying intellectual foundation for the humanities than do typical contemporary defenses. The chapter demonstrates that Babbitt offered a radical critique of professionalized American higher education and the attractively romantic—but ultimately problematic—conception of human nature that informs it. It shows that Babbitt fundamentally recast the humanistic tradition to fit the needs of the contemporary world. Importantly, the chapter argues that Babbitt avoided the skills-based rationales for Latin and ancient Greek that had proved so underwhelming during the Battle of the Classics. In their place, Babbitt underscored the unique role that specific humanities content must play in American higher learning in order for the nation to flourish.
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Bernstein, Zachary. "The Seam in Babbitt’s Compositional Development." In Thinking In and About Music, 68–106. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949235.003.0003.

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The years around 1960 saw Babbitt’s style change in three critical ways: he adopted the time-point system, began writing electronic music, and started using all-partition, rather than trichordal, arrays. The pivotal piece in these developments is Composition for Tenor and Six Instruments. A close analysis of this piece in light of its predecessors and its successors is revealing about a range of Babbitt’s priorities, and it provides a case study of his views on perception and cognition. During the preceding decade, Babbitt had pursued a growing interest in contrapuntal complexity, including four techniques detailed in this chapter. These techniques form the basis of Composition for Tenor and Six Instruments. Yet Babbitt felt that he had pushed contrapuntal complexity too far. The all-partition array—with complex counterpoint but simple lines—was a solution that balanced his competing aesthetic desires. The work also sheds light on Babbitt’s early use of the time-point system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Babbits"

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Mergen, Robert, Falko Langbein, and Leopold Harreither. "New Approaches on Material Design for High-Performance 2-Stroke Engine Bearings." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35139.

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When looking at the performance criteria of bearings for the application in Two-Stroke engines, properties like emergency running capabilities, embedability and the fatigue properties are vital to the performance of these engines. The typical approach is to use materials with a soft Tin matrix and hard intermetallic phases commonly known as “Babbitt” alloys. In a second, more recent approach, Aluminium alloys with elevated Tin content are more and more often chosen. Babbitts outmatch any bearing alloys by their outstanding tribological performance but have very limited mechanical properties. Oppositely, the Aluminium alloys have substantial higher strength but leak somehow with regard to emergency running properties. Whereas the poorer running properties of Aluminium Alloys can be overcome by using suitable running-in coatings, the strength increase of the Tin matrices of Babbitts is rigorously limited by the production technology of spin casting and the ban of hazardous alloying elements such as Cadmium. In order to satisfy the needs of engines manufacturers for a material which combines the advantages of Aluminium- and Tin-base alloys, a new approach which combines both metallurgical alloy development and process technology redesign is necessary. By a fundamental process analysis, the limiting effect with regard to alloy tuning of the existing production technology for steel-babbitt bearing shells will be shown in this paper. Further more, new process routings with the effect of enabling the production of Babbitt bearings with never practized alloy compositions with enhanced mechanical properties are presented.
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Yang, Aoshuang. "Babbitt: A Novel of Initiation." In 2020 International Conference on Language, Communication and Culture Studies (ICLCCS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210313.061.

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Branagan, Lyle A., and Greg Herran. "Review of Babbitt (Whitemetal) Analysis Using XRF-Analyzer." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27256.

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One possible application for portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is to improve the verification of babbitt composition, including babbitt after casting. Variations of babbitt (whitemetal) composition are a concern in some critical applications of fluid-film bearings and material verification could provide another useful tool. A particular commercial XRF analyzer was applied to babbitt during different stages of bearing manufacture. A test protocol of ten samples, eight seconds per sample, at each test point was developed to minimize the standard deviation of the reported results. Comparisons with “wet” chemical testing showed considerable variation, particularly for the trace element of lead.
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Haedicke, Lukas, Robert Mergen, Alexander Kari, and Leopold Harreither. "Improved Tin Based Bearing Alloy for Low Emission Two-Stroke Engines." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92118.

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Recent in Two-stroke engine development for marine applications mainly deal with better and increased overall efficiency hereby reducing the CO2 emissions. Besides a mechanical design change the service conditions play a major role in enhanced efficiency. The so increased engine parameters with higher maximum pressure during combustion will inevitable increase the load on the bearings of the reciprocating parts. Since an increase in the bearing area is not possible due to the engine design parameters the object is to increase the specific load bearing capability of the bearing alloy while keeping the tribological benevolence. In particular, the fatigue properties and the strength of the used tin based alloys, commonly known as whitemetals or babbitts. This class of alloys stands out due to its emergency running capabilities, embedability and its high flexibility under edge load. Existing Al-based alloys like AlSn40 have improved fatigue properties but they fall behind on the named essential properties. Also, the dimensions of the AlSn40 bearings are limited due to the roll bonding process by which they are produced. On the other hand spin casting as standard production process of Babbitt bearings is limiting the alloying elements due to centrifugal segregation while solidification of the lining alloy. While tin based alloys are used in an environment of 90°C the homologue temperature is 0,7 which means that classic strengthening mechanisms like work-hardening and grain size effects are only shortly employable. Another restricting fact is the requirement of solid solubility for solid solution strengthening which also includes precipitation hardening. Hence there is a limited amount of elements dissolvable and not environmentally hazardous in tin this mechanism is already used to its maximum in the standard babbitts. In this paper a possible way to circumvent these limits will be presented. The use of high melting elements, compared to Sn, like Co, Ni, Mn, Al and Zn which are partly dissolvable in molten Sn, where used to improve the microstructure and therefor the overall performance of the bearing alloy. These trace elements serve as grain refinement for the primary precipitation of SbSn and CuSn during solidification. The high melting point of these elements anticipates relaxing processes in the alloy caused by diffusion at the high homologue temperature. Due to the smaller precipitations and the finer structure a better performance can be seen during tests. This leads in a higher strength while maintaining its ductility. Alternate bending tests as well as specific bearing test runs show a significant better fatigue, wear and embedability performance than standard alloys.
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Branagan, Lyle A., and John C. Cleminson. "Thermal Fatigue of Several Babbitts on Flat Plates: Part I — Unloaded Expansion." In STLE/ASME 2006 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASME, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2006-12216.

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Калашников, Игорь Евгеньевич, Любовь Ивановна Кобелева, and Роман Сергеевич Михеев. "COMPOSITE SURFACING RODS BASED ON BABBIT B 83, REINFORCED WITH CERAMIC PARTICLES." In Технические и естественные науки: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/tns296.2021.47.82.008.

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Представлена технология изготовления методом экструзии наплавочных композиционных прутков на основе баббита Б83. Получены прутки с равномерным распределением высокопрочных армирующих частиц карбида кремния и карбида бора. Показано, что по значениям твердости и плотности присадочные прутки соответствуют свойствам литого сплава баббита Б83, а по износостойкости превосходят его. The manufacturing technology of the composite filler rods based on babbit B83 by extrusion is developed. The filler rods have a uniform distribution of the high-strength reinforcing particles SiC and BC. It is shown that in terms of hardness and density, the filler rods correspond to the properties of the cast babbit B83 alloy, and in terms of wear resistance they exceed it.
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Branagan, L. A., and S. H. Hesler. "Fundamentals of a Babbitted Bearing Repair Assistant." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59389.

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Fluid film bearings provide critical support for the rotors in gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, exciters and other machines through the generation and support of a hydrodynamic film. Industrial bearings are lined with a babbitt material which serves as a sacrificial element during operation and may need to be refurbished depending on the past operating and maintenance history. After inspection, engineering judgment is typically used during a machine overhaul to determine whether a bearing requires refurbishment. This engineering judgment is developed through an understanding of the principals of bearing design, machine operation, machine monitoring and babbitt wear / damage characteristics. This paper describes the criteria to serve as a basis for a decision support tool relative to the refurbishment of a babbitted, fluid-film bearing. Those criteria start with key descriptors of any damage to the bearing and evaluate the remaining load capacity, repairability, bearing support, rotordynamics influence, journal conditions and pivot conditions. The descriptors focus on visual examinations of the condition of the babbitt and seek to be intuitive, yet remaining comprehensive; to this end a graphical interface is used where feasible. Evaluations include specific load capacity calculations, determination of damage factors for the principal modes of babbitt damage and data from lookup tables whose input is based on experience. These evaluations are combined to provide the basis for the refurbishment decision. Scaling efforts are incorporated into the evaluations to allow their combination into a single bearing condition index. Initial experience suggests that discrete ranges of the bearing condition index are preferable to numerical value. One goal of the tool is to allow use by inexperienced engineers as a support to their technical development. Another goal is to better document the decision process for particular bearings. The preliminary tool was applied to a cylindrical, radial bearing in a horizontal orientation and to a bumper thrust bearing. Initial results have confirmed the general strategy employed and have suggested areas requiring refinement.
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Pennacchi, P., R. Ricci, S. Chatterton, P. Borghesani, A. Vania, G. D’Antona, C. Pensieri, and C. Rolla. "Dynamic Effects of Electrical Pitting in Steam-Turbine Tilting-Pad Thrust-Bearings." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71132.

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Abstract:
This paper merges the analysis of a case history and the simplified theoretical model related to a rather singular phenomenon that may happen in rotating machinery. Starting from the first, a small industrial steam turbine experienced a very strange behavior during megawatt load. When the unit was approaching the maximum allowed power, the temperature of the babbitt metal of the pads of the thrust bearing showed constant increase with an unrecoverable drift. Bearing inspection showed that pad trailing edge had the typical aspect of electrical pitting. This kind of damage was not reparable and bearing pads had to replaced. This problem occurred several times in sequence and was solved only by adding further ground brushes to the shaft-line. Failure analysis indicated electrodischarge machining as the root fault. A specific model, able to take into consideration the effect of electrical pitting and loading capacity decreasing as a consequence of the damage of the babbitt metal, is proposed in the paper and shows that the phenomenon causes the irretrievable failure of the thrust bearing.
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9

Knox, Robert T., and John E. L. Simmons. "PTFE Faced Bearings for Marine Applications." In SNAME 11th Propeller and Shafting Symposium. SNAME, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/pss-2006-18.

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PTFE faced bearing technology, already established for hydro generator use, has been further developed for civil and military marine applications. The paper describes this type of bearing and the advantages compared with conventional babbitt. Details of testing and a description of a PTFE-faced thrust bearing supplied for the Japanese Techno Super Liner project are also presented.
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10

Abraham, JL, and RB Evans. "Bystander Hard Metal Disease (HMD) in a Babbitt Metal (Tin) Worker – Comparison with 100 HMD Cases." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4402.

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