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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacillus (Bacteria) – Genetics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Vilas-Bôas, G. T., A. P. S. Peruca, and O. M. N. Arantes. "Biology and taxonomy ofBacillus cereus,Bacillus anthracis, andBacillus thuringiensis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 6 (2007): 673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-029.

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Three species of the Bacillus cereus group (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis , and Bacillus thuringiensis ) have a marked impact on human activity. Bacillus cereus and B. anthracis are important pathogens of mammals, including humans, and B. thuringiensis is extensively used in the biological control of insects. The microbiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of these three species are reviewed, together with a discussion of several genomic studies conducted on strains of B. cereus group. Using bacterial systematic concepts, we speculate that to understand the taxonomic relati

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Elamary, Rokaia, and Wesam M. Salem. "Optimizing and purifying extracellular amylase from soil bacteria to inhibit clinical biofilm-forming bacteria." PeerJ 8 (November 2, 2020): e10288. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10288.

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Background Bacterial biofilms have become a major threat to human health. The objective of this study was to isolate amylase-producing bacteria from soil to determine the overall inhibition of certain pathogenic bacterial biofilms. Methods We used serial dilution and the streaking method to obtain a total of 75 positive amylase isolates. The starch-agar plate method was used to screen the amylolytic activities of these isolates, and we used morphological and biochemical methods to characterize the isolates. Optimal conditions for amylase production and purification using Sephadex G-200 and SDS

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3

Ngalimat, Mohamad Syazwan, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman, Mohd Termizi Yusof, Amir Syahir, and Suriana Sabri. "Characterisation of bacteria isolated from the stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama, honey, bee bread and propolis." PeerJ 7 (August 22, 2019): e7478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7478.

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Bacteria are present in stingless bee nest products. However, detailed information on their characteristics is scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of bacterial species isolated from Malaysian stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama, nest products. Honey, bee bread and propolis were collected aseptically from four geographical localities of Malaysia. Total plate count (TPC), bacterial identification, phenotypic profile and enzymatic and antibacterial activities were studied. The results indicated that the number of TPC varies from one location to another. A total of 41 d

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4

Araújo, Welington L., Walter Maccheroni Jr., Carlos I. Aguilar-Vildoso, Paulo AV Barroso, Halha O. Saridakis, and João Lúcio Azevedo. "Variability and interactions between endophytic bacteria and fungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrus rootstocks." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 3 (2001): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-146.

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Fungi and bacteria were isolated from surface disinfected leaf tissues of several citrus rootstocks. The principal bacterial species isolated were Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus spp. (including B. cereus, B. lentus, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis), Burkholderia cepacia, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Enterobacter cloacae, Methylobacterium extorquens, and Pantoea agglomerans, with P. agglomerans and B. pumilus being the most frequently isolated species. The most abundant fungal species were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Guignardia citricarpa, and Cladosporium sp. Genetic variability be

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5

Yuan, Zong-Sheng, Fang Liu, and Guo-Fang Zhang. "Isolation of culturable endophytic bacteria from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and 16S rDNA diversity analysis." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 3 (2015): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs141212063y.

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We analyzed culturable endophytic bacteria from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) using traditional bacterial isolation and culture methods and then studied the colony characteristics and diversity with a 16S rDNA sequence analysis. We isolated 82 endophytic bacteria strains belonging to 47 species in 26 genera from the root, rhizome, stem and leaves of Moso bamboo species from populations on Wuyi Mountain, and in the Jiangle and Changting regions. There were significant differences in the composition of the culturable endophytic bacteria isolated from the different areas and from different t

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Hamana, Koei, Teruhiko Akiba, Fuji Uchino, and Shigeru Matsuzaki. "Distribution of spermine in bacilli and lactic acid bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 4 (1989): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-069.

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Obligate moderately thermophilic bacilli and obligate moderately thermoacidophilic bacilli contained spermine as the major polyamine in addition to putrescine and spermidine. The identity of spermine was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography before and after treatment with putrescine oxidase. Using these methods, thermospermine and spermine can be separated; thermospermine was not present in these organisms. On the other hand, various facultative thermophiles and mesophilic strains of the genus Bacillus, including alkalophiles and halophiles, lack sp

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7

Wagi, Shabana, and Ambreen Ahmed. "Bacillus spp.: potent microfactories of bacterial IAA." PeerJ 7 (July 23, 2019): e7258. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7258.

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Background Auxin production by bacteria is one of the most important direct mechanisms utilized by plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) for the betterment of plants naturally because auxin is a plant friendly secondary metabolite synthesized naturally by bacteria, and hence improves the growth of associated plants. So, the current study focuses on bacterial synthesis of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for plant growth improvement. Methods In the current study, the PGPB were selected on the basis of their auxin production potential and their growth promoting attributes were evaluated. Indole-3-ace

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Pérez-Pérez, J. Abraham, David Espinosa-Victoria, Hilda V. Silva-Rojas, and Lucía López-Reyes. "DIVERSITY OF CULTURABLE BACTERIAL MICROBIOTA OF THE Eisenia foetida DIGESTIVE TRACT." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 41, no. 3 (2018): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2018.3.255-264.

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Bacteria are an unavoidable component of the natural earthworm diet; thus, bacterial diversity in the earthworm gut is directly linked to decomposition of organic matter and development of the surrounding plants. The aim of this research was to isolate and to identify biochemically and molecularly the culturable bacterial microbiota of the digestive tract of Eisenia foetida. Earthworms were sourced from Instituto de Reconversión Productiva y Bioenergética (IRBIO) and Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS), México. Bacterial isolation was carried out on plates of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture m

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9

Zeigler, D. R., and D. H. Dean. "Orientation of genes in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome." Genetics 125, no. 4 (1990): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/125.4.703.

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Abstract The orientation of 96 genes on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome was deduced by the analysis of published data. Of these genes, 91 were found to be oriented so that their promoters were proximal to the chromosomal replication origin and their transcription termini to the replication terminus. Transcription of these genes would therefore be co-directional with replication. This chromosomal organization is consistent with the hypothesis advanced for Escherichia coli that bacteria avoid head-on collisions between RNA polymerase and DNA replication proteins by the appropriate orientation o

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10

Majewski, Jacek, and Frederick M. Cohan. "DNA Sequence Similarity Requirements for Interspecific Recombination in Bacillus." Genetics 153, no. 4 (1999): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.4.1525.

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Abstract Gene transfer in bacteria is notoriously promiscuous. Genetic material is known to be transferred between groups as distantly related as the Gram positives and Gram negatives. However, the frequency of homologous recombination decreases sharply with the level of relatedness between the donor and recipient. Several studies show that this sexual isolation is an exponential function of DNA sequence divergence between recombining substrates. The two major factors implicated in producing the recombinational barrier are the mismatch repair system and the requirement for a short region of se

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11

Charron-Lamoureux, Vincent, Maude Thérien, Assena Konk, and Pascale B. Beauregard. "Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis population dynamics and quantification of spores after inoculation on ornamental plants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 11 (2020): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0174.

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Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are used in organic agriculture as an alternative to chemical pesticides to fight against phytopathogen organisms. These Gram-positive soil-dwelling bacteria are able to resist harsh conditions and survive by differentiating into endospores. Few studies have examined how bacterial populations change on plants over time, and whether they remain active or enter a dormant state. Nonetheless, these characteristics are strikingly important to determine the usage of B. subtilis and B. velezensis and their efficacy in environmental conditions. Here, we invest

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12

Watanabe, Katsuji, and Koichi Hayano. "Distribution and identification of proteolytic Bacillus spp. in paddy field soil under rice cultivation." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 7 (1993): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-097.

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Proteolytic bacteria in paddy field soils under rice cultivation were characterized and enumerated using azocoll agar plates. Bacillus spp. were the proteolytic bacteria that were most frequently present, comprising 59% of the isolates. They were always the numerically dominant proteolytic bacteria isolated from three kinds of fertilizer treatments (yearly application of rice-straw compost and chemical fertilizer, yearly application of chemical fertilizer, and no fertilizer application) and at three different stages of rice development (vegetative growth stage, maximal tillering stage, and har

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13

Redfield, R. J. "Evolution of natural transformation: testing the DNA repair hypothesis in Bacillus subtilis and Haemophilus influenzae." Genetics 133, no. 4 (1993): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.4.755.

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Abstract The hypothesis that the primary function of bacterial transformation is DNA repair was tested in the naturally transformable bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Haemophilus influenzae by determining whether competence for transformation is regulated by DNA damage. Accordingly, DNA damage was induced by mitomycin C and by ultraviolet radiation at doses that efficiently induced a known damage-inducible gene fusion, and the ability of the damaged cultures to transform was monitored. Experiments were carried out both under conditions where cells do not normally become competent and under compe

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14

Izumi, Hironari, Ian C. Anderson, Ken Killham, and Edward R. B. Moore. "Diversity of predominant endophytic bacteria in European deciduous and coniferous trees." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 3 (2008): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-134.

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The diversity of endophytic bacteria residing in root, stem, and leaf tissues was examined in coniferous and deciduous tree species, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth), and rowan ( Sorbus aucuparia L.). Using cultivation-dependent and -independent analyses, the bacterial communities were observed to be significantly different in the belowground (roots and rhizosphere) and aboveground (leaves and stems) samples of the respective host trees. No significant differences, with respect to the different tree species, were observed in the associated communities. Pre

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15

Lamari, Lynda, and Nasserdine Sabaou. "Étude comparative de la flore bactérienne de la rhizosphère de deux cultivars de palmier dattier sensible et résistant à la fusariose." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 9 (1993): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-131.

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This report deals with the qualitative and quantitative distributions of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere of two date-palm cultivars, one sensitive and one resistant to fusariosis, and with the antagonistic capacity of these bacteria against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis. In the external zones of young roots, bacterial growth was stimulated more by the sensitive cultivar than by the resistant one. A survey of 665 isolates permitted the bacteria to be grouped in two main genera, Pseudomonas and Bacillus, and in a coryneform group composed of Arthrobacter, Brevibacteriu

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16

Haakensen, Monique, and Barry Ziola. "Identification of novel horA-harbouring bacteria capable of spoiling beer." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 4 (2008): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-007.

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An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multi-drug resistance (MDR) gene was found in 4 Gram-positive bacterial isolates of environmental origin and found capable of spoiling beer. The bacteria isolated were Bacillus cereus , Bacillus licheniformis , Paenibacillus humicus , and Staphylococcus epidermidis ; all of which were previously unappreciated as beer-spoilage bacteria. The MDR gene found in these bacteria has less than 37% similarity to known ABC MDR proteins described for Bacillus and Staphylococcus , and this is the first finding of an ABC MDR gene in the genus Paenibacillus . The sequenced regi

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17

Bai, Yuming, Frederic D'Aoust, Donald L. Smith, and Brian T. Driscoll. "Isolation of plant-growth-promotingBacillusstrains from soybean root nodules." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 3 (2002): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-014.

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Endophytic bacteria reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. Fourteen strains of putative endophytic bacteria, not including endosymbiotic Bradyrhizobium strains, were isolated from surface-sterilized soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) root nodules. These isolates were designated as non-Bradyrhizobium endophytic bacteria (NEB). Three isolates (NEB4, NEB5, and NEB17) were found to increase soybean weight when plants were co-inoculated with one of the isolates and Bradyrhizobium japonicum under nitrogen-free conditions, compared with plants inoculated with B.

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18

Karpova, I. S., E. A. Kovalenko, N. V. Koretskaya, and E. I. Getman. "Extracellular lectins of saprophytyc bacteria Bacillus subtilis and it's mutants." Biopolymers and Cell 20, no. 4 (2004): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0006b1.

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19

Sharga, Boris M. "Bacillus isolates as potential biocontrol agents against chocolate spot on Faba beans." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 10 (1997): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-132.

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Chocolate spot caused by Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis fabae is a serious disease of Vicia faba L. beans. Aggressive infection of that disease can result in severe yield losses (up to 100%). Genetic resistance to chocolate spot in V. faba L. is weak. Chemical control of the disease gives only partial crop protection because of widespread fungicide resistance in both chocolate spot agents. Biological control with applications of bacteria antagonistic to Botrytis may provide a useful alternative to chemicals. Of 270 Bacillus isolates tested, 54 (20%) were found to cause necrosis and (or) chloros

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Vilas-Boas, Gislayne, Vincent Sanchis, Didier Lereclus, Manoel Victor F. Lemos, and Denis Bourguet. "Genetic Differentiation between Sympatric Populations of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 3 (2002): 1414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.3.1414-1424.2002.

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ABSTRACT Little is known about genetic exchanges in natural populations of bacteria of the spore-forming Bacillus cereus group, because no population genetics studies have been performed with local sympatric populations. We isolated strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and B. cereus from small samples of soil collected at the same time from two separate geographical sites, one within the forest and the other at the edge of the forest. A total of 100 B. cereus and 98 B. thuringiensis strains were isolated and characterized by electrophoresis to determine allelic composition at nine enzymatic loci.

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Roberts, M. S., and F. M. Cohan. "The effect of DNA sequence divergence on sexual isolation in Bacillus." Genetics 134, no. 2 (1993): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.2.401.

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Abstract We have investigated the relationship between sexual isolation and DNA sequence divergence in the transformation (at locus rpoB) of a naturally competent strain of Bacillus subtilis. Using both genomic DNA and a PCR-amplified segment of gene rpoB as donor, we found that the extent of sexual isolation at locus rpoB was closely predicted, over three orders of magnitude, as a log-linear function of sequence divergence at that locus. Because sexual isolation between a recipient and any potential donor may be determined as a general mathematical function of sequence divergence, transformat

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22

Nelson, Berlin, James Struble, and Gregory McCarthy. "In vitro production of struvite by Bacillus pumilus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 12 (1991): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-169.

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A strain of Bacillus pumilus, isolated from the soilborne sclerotia of a fungus, produced crystals of the mineral struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) on Difco nutrient agar and a yeast extract agar containing magnesium sulphate and potassium phosphate. Crystals were macroscopically observed after 6–20 days of bacterial growth and reached a maximum size of 3 × 0.5 mm. Crystals were identified by X-ray powder diffractometry. These findings support the hypothesis that bacteria are involved in the biogenic formation of struvite in nature. Key words: struvite, magnesium ammonium pho

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Luhur, Johana, Helena Chan, Benson Kachappilly, et al. "A dynamic, ring-forming MucB / RseB-like protein influences spore shape in Bacillus subtilis." PLOS Genetics 16, no. 12 (2020): e1009246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009246.

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How organisms develop into specific shapes is a central question in biology. The maintenance of bacterial shape is connected to the assembly and remodelling of the cell envelope. In endospore-forming bacteria, the pre-spore compartment (the forespore) undergoes morphological changes that result in a spore of defined shape, with a complex, multi-layered cell envelope. However, the mechanisms that govern spore shape remain poorly understood. Here, using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, quantitative image analysis, molecular genetics and transmission electron microscopy, we show that Ssd

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Sumi, Chandra Datta, Byung Wook Yang, In-Cheol Yeo, and Young Tae Hahm. "Antimicrobial peptides of the genus Bacillus: a new era for antibiotics." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, no. 2 (2015): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2014-0613.

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The rapid onset of resistance reduces the efficacy of most conventional antimicrobial drugs and is a general cause of concern for human well-being. Thus, there is great demand for a continuous supply of novel antibiotics to combat this problem. Bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have long been used as food preservatives; moreover, prior to the development of conventional antibiotics, these AMPs served as an efficient source of antibiotics. Recently, peptides produced by members of the genus Bacillus were shown to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic mi

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Mukhtar, Salma, Samina Mehnaz, Muhammad Sajjad Mirza, Babur Saeed Mirza, and Kauser Abdulla Malik. "Diversity of Bacillus-like bacterial community in the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of halophytes (Salsola stocksii and Atriplex amnicola), and characterization of osmoregulatory genes in halophilic Bacilli." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 64, no. 8 (2018): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0544.

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Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses; a total of 3% of the world’s land mass is affected by salinity. Approximately 6.3 million hectares of land in Pakistan is affected by salinity to varying degrees, and most of the areas are arid to semiarid with low annual precipitation. The aim of the present study is to identify and characterize Bacillus and Bacillus-derived bacterial genera from the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil samples from the Khewra Salt Mine, Pakistan, by using culture-independent and -dependent methods. Seven Bacillus-like bacterial genera, Bacillus, Halobacillus,

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Sholberg, P. L., A. Marchi, and J. Bechard. "Biocontrol of postharvest diseases of apple using Bacillus spp. isolated from stored apples." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 3 (1995): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-034.

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Ninety-five bacterial isolates were recovered from 38 of 77 apples that had been stored at 1 °C for 6–7 months. The highest number of bacteria were recovered in nutrient, dextrose, and V8 juice broths, respectively. The bacteria were screened as biocontrol agents on cultivar Red Delicious apples primarily for control of blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum. Three bacteria effective against P. expansum were also tested against Botrytis cinerea for control of gray mold. Ten, four, and five isolates significantly reduced blue mold decay when apples were stored at 5, 10, and 20 °C. Two isolate

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Czyz, Agata, and Grzegorz Wegrzyn. "The Obg subfamily of bacterial GTP-binding proteins: essential proteins of largely unknown functions that are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 1 (2005): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3483.

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Members of the Obg subfamily of small GTP-binding proteins (called Obg, CgtA, ObgE or YhbZ in different bacterial species) have been found in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Although serious changes in phenotypes are observed in mutant bacteria devoid of Obg or its homologues, specific roles of these GTP-binding proteins remain largely unknown. Recent genetic and biochemical studies, as well as determination of the structures of Obg proteins from Bacillus subtilis and Thermus thermophilus, shed new light on the possible functions of the members of

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Déniel, F., P. Rey, M. Chérif, A. Guillou, and Y. Tirilly. "Indigenous bacteria with antagonistic and plant-growth-promoting activities improve slow-filtration efficiency in soilless cultivation." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 7 (2004): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-034.

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In tomato soilless culture, slow filtration allows one to control the development of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. During the disinfecting process, microbial elimination is ensured by mechanical and biological factors. In this study, system efficacy was enhanced further to a biological activation of filter by inoculating the pozzolana grains contained in the filtering unit with 5 selected bacteria. Three strains identified as Pseudomonas putida and 2 as Bacillus cereus came from a filter whose high efficiency to eliminate pathogens has been proven over years. These 5 bacteria d

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Rennie, R. J. "The API 20B microtube system to aid in the identification of N2-fixing Bacillaceae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 6 (1987): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-084.

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N2-fixing bacterial isolates from soil have been identified successfully using the API 20E and 50E microtubes in conjunction with a computer-assisted biochemical profile search. The 20E and 50E result in few positive tests with N2-fixing Bacillaceae. Recently, a new battery of 20 microtube tests, the 20B, has been introduced for identifying aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria isolated from natural environments. This system was compared with the 20E and evaluated for N2-fixing bacillus species from soil. It was then used in conjunction with guanine-plus-cytosine analysis to identify the C-11-25 (5D

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Kloepper, J. W., F. M. Scher, M. Laliberté, and I. Zaleska. "Measuring the spermosphere colonizing capacity (spermosphere competence) of bacterial inoculants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 10 (1985): 926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-173.

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Spermosphere establishment by bacteria which were coated onto seeds was studied using soybean seeds treated with four bacterial strains at levels of log10 1 to 4 colony-forming units (cfu) per seed planted in a field soil mix, and incubated 48 h. Each strain at every inoculum level developed spermosphere population densities of log10 4 to 8 cfu/seed, demonstrating an average multiplication of log10 3 cfu/seed. An alternative method was developed to differentially rank bacteria for spermosphere colonizing capacity, based upon incorporation of bacteria into a soil and monitoring the resulting sp

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Mohamed, Rowida, Emma Groulx, Stefanie Defilippi, et al. "Physiological and molecular characterization of compost bacteria antagonistic to soil-borne plant pathogens." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 5 (2017): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0599.

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Disease suppressive composts have the potential to mitigate the risks associated with chemical pesticides. One of the main characteristics responsible for the suppressive nature of composts is their microbiological populations. To gain insight into the determinants responsible for their suppressive effects, we assayed composts to (i) isolate and identify beneficial antagonistic bacteria, (ii) quantify their antifungal and anti-oomycetal activities, (iii) extract inhibitory compounds produced by the bacteria, and (iv) identify antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by these bacteria. The antagonis

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Mongold, J. A. "DNA repair and the evolution of transformation in Haemophilus influenzae." Genetics 132, no. 4 (1992): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.4.893.

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Abstract Under certain environmental conditions, naturally transforming bacteria are induced to pick up DNA released into the environment by other cells of the same or closely related species and, by homologous recombination, integrate that DNA into their chromosome. The selective pressures responsible for the evolution and maintenance of this form of genetic outcrossing, or sex, in bacteria are not known. A prominent hypothesis is that transformation, and sex in general, evolved as a means of obtaining DNA templates to repair damaged regions of the chromosome. Previous results obtained with B

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Schallmey, Marcus, Ajay Singh, and Owen P. Ward. "Developments in the use ofBacillusspecies for industrial production." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 1 (2004): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-076.

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Bacillus species continue to be dominant bacterial workhorses in microbial fermentations. Bacillus subtilis (natto) is the key microbial participant in the ongoing production of the soya-based traditional natto fermentation, and some Bacillus species are on the Food and Drug Administration's GRAS (generally regarded as safe) list. The capacity of selected Bacillus strains to produce and secrete large quantities (20–25 g/L) of extracellular enzymes has placed them among the most important industrial enzyme producers. The ability of different species to ferment in the acid, neutral, and alkaline

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Ramarathnam, Rajesh, Shen Bo, Yu Chen, W. G. Dilantha Fernando, Gao Xuewen, and Teresa de Kievit. "Molecular and biochemical detection of fengycin- and bacillomycin D-producing Bacillus spp., antagonistic to fungal pathogens of canola and wheat." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 7 (2007): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w07-049.

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Bacillus species are well known for their ability to control plant diseases through various mechanisms, including the production of secondary metabolites. Bacillus subtilis DFH08, an antagonist of Fusarium graminearum , and other Bacillus spp. that are antagonists of common fungal pathogens of canola were screened for peptide synthetase biosynthetic genes of fengycin and bacillomycin D. Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers identified B. subtilis strains DFH08 and 49 for the presence of the fenD gene of the fengycin operon. Bacillus cereus DFE4, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains DF

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Kerszman, Gustaw. "Toxicity of the First Ten MEIC Chemicals to Bacteria." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 21, no. 2 (1993): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299302100205.

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The toxicity of the first ten MEIC chemicals to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was examined. Nine of the chemicals were toxic to the bacteria, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 10-3 to 4.4M. The sensitivities of both organisms were similar, but the effect on E. coli was often bactericidal, while it was bacteriostatic for B. subtilis. Digoxin was not detectably toxic to either bacterial species. Amitriptyline and FeSO4 were relatively less toxic to the bacteria than to human cells. For seven chemicals, a highly significant linear regression was established bet

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Gordon, A. S., L. D. Howell, and V. Harwood. "Responses of diverse heterotrophic bacteria to elevated copper concentrations." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 5 (1994): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-067.

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The influence of copper on the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus (three strains), and an unidentified Vibrio sp. was examined in batch cultures. The effects of copper at micromolar concentrations varied from undetectable to complete growth inhibition. Each strain was able to recover from a growth lag observed after copper addition at a characteristic concentration. Copper concentrations that allowed recovery ranged from 25 to 150 μM. Extracellular proteins in the medium of cultures that had reco

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Miller, H. J., G. Henken, and J. A. van Veen. "Variation and composition of bacterial populations in the rhizospheres of maize, wheat, and grass cultivars." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 6 (1989): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-106.

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Differences in the size and composition of bacterial populations found in the rhizospheres of maize, wheat, and grass were compared. Significant differences in the fluorescent pseudomonad and "coryneform" groups were found among the cultivars of each plant species. Only between the two maize cultivars, reported to be resistant and susceptible to Fusarium species, and between the two grass lines, known to be resistant and susceptible to Dreschera poae, could significance be found in the total numbers of bacteria counted. In each case higher bacterial counts were recorded in the rhizospheres of

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Michod, R. E., M. F. Wojciechowski, and M. A. Hoelzer. "DNA repair and the evolution of transformation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis." Genetics 118, no. 1 (1988): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/118.1.31.

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Abstract The purpose of the work reported here is to test the hypothesis that natural genetic transformation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis has evolved as a DNA repair system. Specifically, tests were made to determine whether transformation functions to provide DNA template for the bacteria] cell to use in recombinational repair. The survivorship and the homologous transformation rate as a function of dose of ultraviolet irradiation (UV) was studied in two experimental treatments, in which cells were either transformed before (DNA-UV), or after (UV-DNA), treatment with UV. The results sho

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Jorgensen, Jeremy, Sona Dolan, Aaron Haselton, and Rita Kolchinsky. "Isolation and cultivation of spore-forming filamentous bacteria fromPorcellio scaber." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 2 (1997): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-017.

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An endospore-forming rod-shaped filamentous bacterium was taken from boiled intestines of common sow bugs (Porcellio scaber, isopod crustaceans). The bacteria were grown on peptone – yeast extract medium. As many as 180 cells per filament were counted in culture; filament length was a function of time after germination and oxic conditions. Cultures continued to grow filamentously after 10 successive transfers. The development of spores was inhibited by strict anaerobiosis for 3 months. Spore-forming filaments over 100 μm long in fresh intestinal material were observed only in guts taken from s

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Inglis, G. D., L. J. Yanke, L. M. Kawchuk, and T. A. McAllister. "The influence of bacterial inoculants on the microbial ecology of aerobic spoilage of barley silage." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 1 (1999): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-207.

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The aerobic decomposition of barley silage treated with two inoculants (LacA and LacB) containing mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium was investigated over a 28-day period. Initially, yeast and bacterial populations were larger in silage inoculated with LacA than in silage treated with LacB or water alone (control). Differences in the succession of yeasts in silage treated with LacA were observed relative to the other two treatments. From silage treatment with LacA, Issatchenkia orientalis was the most prevalent yeast taxon over all of the sample times, and the filamen

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Halda-Alija, L., and T. C. Johnston. "Diversity of culturable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria in pristine stream bed sediments." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 10 (1999): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-081.

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More than 900 culturable, heterotrophic aerobic isolates were obtained from the sediments of a forested, pristine stream and analyzed using three classical microbiological tests: API 20E, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and fatty acid analysis. Gram-negative bacteria comprised most of the heterotrophic aerobic isolates (66.7%), similar to other oligotrophic environments. The isolates were assigned to the genus level as Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Aeromonas, Methylobacterium, Enterobacter, Corynebacterium

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Rodiansyah, Achmad, Ainul Fitria Mahmudah, Mastika Marisahani Ulfah, et al. "Identification of Potential Bacteria on Several Lakes in East Java, Indonesia Based on 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 2 (2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.2.136.

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Four bacterial isolates from Ranu Pani and Ranu Grati in east java had been revealed to be potentials to produce IAA (PIS isolate), phosphate solubilizer (GPS isolate), cellulose hydrolysis (PSS isolate) and, amylum hydrolysis (PAS), two dominant bacterial isolates from Rani Pani (PØD isolate) and Ranu Grati (GØD isolate) which were co-cultured with microalgae promoted microalgae growth, yet its taxonomical position has not been clearly known. The aim of this study was to identify those bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA barcode. This research conducted by gDNA isolation, the 16S rRNA sequence

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Grandjean, Valerie, Yolande Hauck, Jacques Le Dérout, and Luisa Hirschbein. "Noncomplementing Diploids From Bacillus subtilis Protoplast Fusion: Relationship Between Maintenance of Chromosomal Inactivation and Segregation Capacity." Genetics 144, no. 3 (1996): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.3.871.

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Abstract Fusions of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts from two genetically marked strains produce noncomplementing heterodiploid bacteria. These noncomplementing diploids (Ncds) carry both parental chromosomes, but only one is expressed. Fusion products of strains polymorphic for NotI restriction sites provide new physical evidence to support the conclusion that Ncds are not an artifact of cross feeding or cell adhesion. We show that reversible chromosomal inactivation can only account for the biparental trait of unstable Ncds. Two types of cells were recovered from the late progeny of unstable Nc

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Garrity, D. B., and S. A. Zahler. "Mutations in the gene for a tRNA that functions as a regulator of a transcriptional attenuator in Bacillus subtilis." Genetics 137, no. 3 (1994): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/137.3.627.

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Abstract It has been proposed that uncharged tRNA molecules may act as positive regulatory factors to control the expression of a number of operons in Bacillus subtilis and related bacteria by interacting with leader sequences to cause antitermination. In this study we report the isolation and characterization of regulatory mutations that modify one of the tRNA molecules predicted to have such a regulatory role. Three different alleles of the B. subtilis leucine tRNA gene leuG were found that resulted in higher expression of the ilv-leu biosynthetic operon. Each resulted in a base change in th

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Lord, Jeffrey C. "Mosquitocidal Bacteria Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes and Black Flies: Biochemistry, Genetics and Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus Huguette de Barjac Donald J. Sutherland." BioScience 41, no. 9 (1991): 644–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311710.

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Penaloza-Vazquez, Alejandro, Li Maria Ma, and Patricia Rayas-Duarte. "Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. strains as potential probiotics for poultry." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 10 (2019): 762–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2019-0019.

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Probiotics have become one of the potential solutions to global restriction on antibiotic use in food animal production. Bacillus species have been attractive probiotics partially due to their long-term stability during storage. In this study, 200 endospore-forming bacteria isolates were recovered from sourdough and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of young broiler chicks. Based on the production of a series of exoenzymes and survivability under stress conditions similar to those in the poultry GIT, 42 isolates were selected and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seven strains with a prof

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Gagné, S., H. Antoun, and C. Richard. "Inhibition de champignons phytopathogènes par des bactéries isolées du sol et de la rhizosphère de légumineuses." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 9 (1985): 856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-159.

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The antifungal activity of 644 bacterial isolates obtained from soil and from the rhizosphere of some leguminous plants was studied with one hyperparasite and six pathogenic fungi frequently associated with leguminous or gramineous plants. More than half (51.2%) of the bacterial isolates inhibited at least one fungus and 1.7% had an inhibitory effect on all the fungi tested. Stemphylium sarcinaeforme was the most sensitive fungus (inhibited by 27.0% of the bacteria tested), while Fusarium solani and Gliocladium roseum were the most resistant (inhibited by only 7.6 and 7.8% of the isolates, res

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Skorynina, Anna V., Emma G. Piligrimova, Olesya A. Kazantseva, et al. "Bacillus-infecting bacteriophage Izhevsk harbors thermostable endolysin with broad range specificity." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242657.

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Several bacterial species belonging to the Bacillus cereus group are known to be causative agents of food poisoning and severe human diseases. Bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes called endolysins have been widely shown to provide for a supplemental or primary means of treating bacterial infections. In this work we present a new broad-host-range phage Izhevsk, which infects the members of the Bacillus cereus group. Transmission electron microscopy, genome sequencing and comparative analyses revealed that Izhevsk is a temperate phage with Siphoviridae morphology and belongs to the same genus

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Leclerc, Denis, and Alain Asselin. "Detection of bacterial cell wall hydrolases after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35, no. 8 (1989): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m89-125.

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Cell walls from various Gram-positive bacteria were incorporated at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v) into polyacrylamide gels as a substrate for detection of cell wall hydrolases. Bacterial extracts from crude cell wall preparations were denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol and subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels containing bacterial cell walls. After renaturation in the presence of purified and buffered 1% (v/v) Triton X-100, cell wall hydrolases were visualized as clear lytic zones against the opaque cell wall background. One to fifteen band

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Yli-Pirilä, Terhi, Jaana Kusnetsov, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Markku Seuri, and Aino Nevalainen. "Effects of amoebae on the growth of microbes isolated from moisture-damaged buildings." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 4 (2006): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-131.

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Dampness, moisture, and mold in buildings are associated with adverse health outcomes. In addition to fungi and bacteria, amoebae have been found in moisture-damaged building materials. Amoebae and a growing list of bacteria have been shown to have mutual effects on each other's growth, but the interactions between amoebae and microbes common in moisture-damaged buildings have not been reported. We co-cultivated the amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga with bacteria and fungi isolated from moisture-damaged buildings in laboratory conditions for up to 28 days. The microbes selected were the bacteria S

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