Journal articles: 'Bacillus mycoides'

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Sagala, Yosua Nathanael Itona, Endang Triwahyu Prasetyawati, and Yenny Wuryandari. "Potency of the Consortium of Pseudomonad fluorescent pf-142 and Bacillus mycoides Isolates Against Bacterial Wilt Disease In-Vitro." JPT Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection) 8, no. 2 (2024): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.25077/jpt.8.2.78-87.2024.

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Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a disease in chili pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) that is difficult to control. One technique to prevent bacterial wilt disease is consortium of antagonistic bacteria such as Pseudomonad fluorescent and Bacillus mycoides. This study aimed to determine whether the consortium of Pseudomonad fluorescent pf-142 and Bacillus mycoides can inhibit R. solanacearum better than a single application in-vitro. This study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments (Pseudomonad fluorescent pf-142, B. mycoides, Pseudomonad fluorescent pf-142 + B. mycoides, and control) in six replications, resulting in 24 experimental units. The variables observed were the symptoms of attack and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum, compatibility and inhibitory rate of the consortium of Pseudomonad fluorescens pf-142 and B. mycoides against R. solanacearum. Based on the study, it was known that R. solanacearum caused wilting in chili pepper plants with high virulence. Pseudomonad fluorescent pf-142 and B. mycoides did not produce an inhibition zone, indicating that both were compatible. The consortium of Pseudomonad fluorescent pf-142 and B. mycoides provided the widest inhibition zone, indicating strong antagonistic ability against R. solanacearum.

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Guetsky, Ruth, D. Shtienberg, Y. Elad, E. Fischer, and A. Dinoor. "Improving Biological Control by Combining Biocontrol Agents Each with Several Mechanisms of Disease Suppression." Phytopathology® 92, no. 9 (2002): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.9.976.

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Two biocontrol agents, a yeast (Pichia guilermondii) and a bacterium (Bacillus mycoides), were tested separately and together for suppression of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves and plants. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant inhibition of Botrytis cinerea conidial germination in the presence of Pichia guilermondii, whereas Bacillus mycoides caused breakage and destruction of conidia. When both biocontrol agents were applied in a mixture, conidial destruction was more severe. The modes of action of each of the biocontrol agents were elucidated and the relative quantitative contribution of each mechanism to suppression of Botrytis cinerea was estimated using multiple regression with dummy variables. The improvement in control efficacy achieved by introducing one or more mechanisms at a time was calculated. Pichia guilermondii competed with Botrytis cinerea for glucose, sucrose, adenine, histidine, and folic acid. Viability of the yeast cells played a crucial role in suppression of Botrytis cinerea and they secreted an inhibitory compound that had an acropetal effect and was not volatile. Bacillus mycoides did not compete for any of the sugars, amino acids, or vitamins examined at a level that would affect Botrytis cinerea development. Viable cells and the compounds secreted by them contributed similarly to Botrytis cinerea suppression. The bacteria secreted volatile and non-volatile inhibitory compounds and activated the defense systems of the host. The nonvolatile compounds had both acropetal and basipetal effects. Mixture of Pichia guilermondii and Bacillus mycoides resulted in additive activity compared with their separate application. The combined activity was due to the summation of biocontrol mechanisms of both agents. This work provides a theoretical explanation for our previous findings of reduced disease control variability with a mixture of Pichia guilermondii and Bacillus mycoides.

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Daffonchio, Daniele, Sara Borin, Giuseppe Frova, et al. "A Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Marker Specific for the Bacillus cereus Group Is Diagnostic forBacillus anthracis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (1999): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.1298-1303.1999.

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ABSTRACT Aiming to develop a DNA marker specific for Bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species fromBacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, andBacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus Bacillus, including 61 strains of theB. cereus group. An 838-bp RAPD marker (SG-850) specific for B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, and B. mycoides was identified. This fragment included a putative (366-nucleotide) open reading frame highly homologous to the ypuA gene of Bacillus subtilis. The restriction analysis of the SG-850 fragment withAluI distinguished B. anthracis from the other species of the B. cereus group.

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Khoiriyah, Layyinatul, and Atik Widiyanti. "Efektifitas Tanaman Mangrove Rhyzopora Mucronata dan Bakteri dalam Menurunkan Kadar Salinitas Air Payau." Nusantara Technology and Engineering Review 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55732/nter.v1i1.1068.

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Peningkatan tinggi permukaan laut dapat mengakibatkan intrusi air laut yang berpotensi mencemari kualitas air tanahPencemaran air tanah yang disebutkan terjadi melalui merembesnya air laut yang mengandung kadar klorida (Cl), yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada ekuifer air tawar. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan teknologi biodesalinasi sebagai teknologi yang meyediakan air tawar yang dibantu oleh tanaman mangrove Rhyzopora mucronata dan bakteri (Bacillus mycoides dan Pseudomunas aeruginosa). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode eksperimental. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 reaktor, P0 reaktor kontrol, Reaktor P1 diberi tanaman mangrove (Rhyzopora mucronata) Reaktor P2 diberi tanaman mangrove (Rhyzopora mucronata) dan bakteri (Bacillus mycoides dan Pseudomunas aeroginosa). Reaktor P3 ditambahkan bakteri (Bacillus mycoides dan Pseudomunas aeroginosa). Volume air payau yang digunakan pada tiap reaktor adalah 13 L dan penambahan bakteri 300 ml, pengambilan sampel sebanyak 5 ml dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Hasil analisi setiap reaktor mengalami penurunan. Nilai efesiensi terbesar pada reaktor P2 sebesar 26% dan nilai efektifitas terbesar pada reaktor P2 sebesar 17,81 ⁰/₀₀. Reaktor terbaik dalam menurunkan kadar salinitas air payau adalah reaktor P2. An increase in sea level height can result in seawater intrusion, which has the potential to pollute groundwater quality. The mentioned groundwater pollution occurs through seepage of seawater containing high levels of chloride (Cl), which can cause damage to freshwater aquifers. This research aims to utilize desalination technology as a technology that provides fresh water assisted by the mangrove plant Rhyzopora mucronata and bacteria (Bacillus mycoides and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). This research was conducted using experimental methods. This research used four reactors: P0 was the control reactor, Reactor P1 was given mangrove plants (Rhyzopora mucronata), Reactor P2 was given mangrove plants (Rhyzopora mucronata) and bacteria (Bacillus mycoides and Pseudomunas aeroginosa). The P3 reactor added bacteria (Bacillus mycoides and Pseudomunas aeroginosa). The volume of brackish water used in each reactor was 13 L, and 300 ml of bacteria were added, 5 ml of samples were taken with three repetitions. The analysis results for each reactor decreased. The most significant efficiency value in the P2 reactor was 26%, and the most considerable effectiveness value in the P2 reactor was 17.81 ⁰/₀₀. The best reactor for reducing the salinity levels of salty water is the P2 reactor.

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Athukorala, Sarangi N. P., W. G. Dilantha Fernando, and Khalid Y. Rashid. "Identification of antifungal antibiotics ofBacillusspecies isolated from different microhabitats using polymerase chain reaction and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 9 (2009): 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-067.

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Although many Bacillus species are known to be good antibiotic producers capable of acting as biocontrol agents, the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms are often poorly understood. In this study, 21 Bacillus strains, demonstrating over 50% mycelial inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as well as significant control in plant assays, were examined for the presence of antibiotic biosynthetic genes. Primers specific for bacillomycin D, iturin A, surfactin, mycosubtilin, fengycin, and zwittermicin A were used to amplify biosynthetic genes from these bacteria using PCR. The majority of strains harbored surfactin (21/21) and iturin A (20/21) biosynthetic genes. Three strains ( Bacillus subtilis 3057, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS6, and Bacillus mycoides 4079) were positive for bacillomycin D, whereas 4 strains (B. subtilis H-08-02, B. subtilis 3057, B. amyloliquefaciens BS6, and B. mycoides 4079) showed the presence of the fengycin biosynthetic gene. The zwittermicin A gene was detected in B. mycoides S, Bacillus thuringiensis BS8, and B. amyloliquefaciens BS6. Sequence analysis of purified PCR products revealed homology with corresponding genes from other Bacillus sp. in the GenBank database. Production of particular antibiotics in strains BS6, H-08-02, 3057, and 4079 was confirmed through matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization – time of flight – mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS). This study revealed the equivalent capability of different Bacillus strains from various microhabitats to produce the above-mentioned antibiotics and highlights the possibility of using some strains as potential biocontrol agents under different microhabitats distant from their original habitat. Furthermore, it will enable researchers to develop rational strategies for the application of the antagonists and their metabolites within an agroecosystem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a B. mycoides strain that carries biosynthetic genes and produces fengycin and surfactin.

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Andriani, Yuli, Emma Rochima, Ratu Safitri, and Sri Rejeki Rahayuningsih. "Characterization of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides Bacteria as Probiotic Bacteria in Fish and Shrimp Feed." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1029.

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This study was aimedto identify probiotic characteristics and to test the cellulolytic ability of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mycoides bacteria for probiotic microbe candidates in fish and shrimp feed. The description of the cellulolytic and amylolytic abilities of these bacteriawas obtained by non-experimental method and descriptive analysis. Probiotic characteristic identification includes growth curve was obtained through total plate count method, cellular and colony morphology, and cellulase and amylase enzyme activity test using DNS method. Results indicated that the maximum growth of B. megateriumwas observed after six hours at 35.62 x 10 10 (CFU), while B. mycoideswasafter 30 hoursat 42.6 x 10 10(CFU). The macroscopic observation showed that the colony of B. megateriumwas concave and smooth,while B. mycoides was flat, relatively rough, with silken threads around the colony.Both bacteria had milky white color, bacillus shape, Gram positive, and sporous. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. megateriumwere 3,974 units/ml and 1,831 units/ml, respectively. The activity of cellulose and amylase enzymes in B. mycoideswere 3,506 units/ml and 3,730 units/ml, respectively. It can be concluded that both bacteria could be proposed as probiotic bacteria in fish feed. Keywords: Characterization, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, probiotic microbes, feed.

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McIntyre, Lorraine, Kathryn Bernard, Daniel Beniac, Judith L. Isaac-Renton, and David Craig Naseby. "Identification of Bacillus cereus Group Species Associated with Food Poisoning Outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 23 (2008): 7451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01284-08.

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ABSTRACT Food poisoning laboratories identify Bacillus cereus using routine methods that may not differentiate all Bacillus cereus group species. We recharacterized Bacillus food-poisoning strains from 39 outbreaks and identified B. cereus in 23 outbreaks, B. thuringiensis in 4, B. mycoides in 1, and mixed strains of Bacillus in 11 outbreaks.

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Zhang, Y., W. G. D. Fernando, T. R. de Kievit, C. Berry, F. Daayf, and T. C. Paulitz. "Detection of antibiotic-related genes from bacterial biocontrol agents with polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 5 (2006): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-152.

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Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23, Pseudomonas spp. strain DF41, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS6 consistently inhibit infection of canola petals by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in both greenhouse and field experiments. Bacillus thuringiensis BS8, Bacillus cereus L, and Bacillus mycoides S have shown significant inhibition against S. sclerotiorum on plate assays. The presence of antibiotic biosynthetic or self-resistance genes in these strains was investigated with polymerase chain reaction and, in one case, Southern blotting. Thirty primers were used to amplify (i) antibiotic biosythetic genes encoding phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, pyoluteorin, and pyrrolnitrin, and (ii) the zwittermicin A self-resistance gene. Our findings revealed that the fungal antagonist P. chlororaphis PA23 contains biosynthetic genes for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and pyrrolnitrin. Moreover, production of these compounds was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. Pseudomonas spp. DF41 and B. amyloliquefaciens BS6 do not appear to harbour genes for any of the antibiotics tested. Bacillus thuringiensis BS8, B. cereus L, and B. mycoides S contain the zwittermicin A self-resistance gene. This is the first report of zmaR in B. mycoides.Key words: Pseudomonas, Bacillus, biocontrol, antibiotic genes.

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Yanti, Yulmira, Nurbailis Nurbailis, Indra Dwipa, and Dede Suhendra. "Potensi Bacillus spp. sebagai Agens Biokontrol Pengendali Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)." Agrikultura 36, no. 1 (2025): 105–14. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v36i1.55165.

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Penyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman bawang merah disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (FOC). Penyakit ini tergolong penyakit penting pada tanaman bawang merah yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian hingga 50% atau bahkan menyebabkan gagal panen. Alternatif pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium bisa dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bakteri Bacillus spp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bakteri Bacillus spp. sebagai agens biokontrol untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Laboratorium Fitopatologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman serta di Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang pada bulan April sampai September 2023. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 8 perlakuan (6 galur bakteri Bacillus spp., kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif) yang diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Bakteri Bacillus spp. yang digunakan adalah B. waihenstephanensis galur RBTLL 3.2, B. cereus galur MRDKBTE 1.3, B. thuringiensis galur MRSNRZ 3.1, B. mycoides galur MRSNUMBE 2.2, B. mycoides galur MRBPBT 2.1, dan B. cereus galur MRPLUMBE 1.3. Bakteri Bacillus spp., diintroduksi pada umbi bawang merah dengan merendam umbi sebelum ditanam dan inokulasi FOC di sekitar perakaran pada umur tanaman 4 minggu. Variabel yang diamati yaitu perkembangan penyakit (masa inkubasi, kejadian penyakit dan keparahan penyakit) dan pertumbuhan bawang merah (tinggi, jumlah daun, berat basah, dan berat kering umbi). Perlakuan B. cereus galur MRPLUMBE 1.3 menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik menghambat perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium, sedangkan B. mycoides galur MRBPBT 2.1 memberikan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus spp. memiliki potensi untuk menekan perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah.

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Bargabus, Rebecca L., Nina K. Zidack, John E. Sherwood, and Barry J. Jacobsen. "Oxidative Burst Elicited by Bacillus mycoides Isolate Bac J, a Biological Control Agent, Occurs Independently of Hypersensitive Cell Death in Sugar Beet." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 16, no. 12 (2003): 1145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2003.16.12.1145.

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Response of sugar beet cultivars C40 and USH11 to syringe infiltration of live and dead Bacillus mycoides isolate Bac J, a biological control agent, and virulent and avirulent isolates of Erwinia carotovora pv. betavasculorum was measured by monitoring systemic acquired resistance control of Cercospora beticola, specific activity of chitinase and β-glucanase, the oxidative burst, and hypersensitive cell death at the infiltration site. Priming sugar beet with B. mycoides Bac J (1 × 108 cells/ml) and avirulent isolates of E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum (1 × 106 cells/ml) reduced C. beticola symptoms by nearly 70% on distal, untreated leaves. Systemic resistance responses elicited by live B. mycoides Bac J and avirulent E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum isolates, measured by assays for chitinase and β-glucanase, were statistically equivalent, and biphasic hydrogen peroxide production was observed. Although similar in timing, the second hydrogen peroxide burst was twofold lower for B. mycoides Bac J than for avirulent E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum. Hypersensitive cell death was elicited by aviru-lent E. carotovora pv. betavasculorum but not B. mycoides Bac J. An oxidative burst was elicited by spray-applied B. mycoides Bac J under both light and green light conditions, indicating that the signal produced by B. mycoides Bac J was not reliant on the stomata for entry into sugar beet. A working model for signal delivery and systemic resistance induction by B. mycoides Bac J in sugar beet is proposed.

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NAKAMURA, L. K., and M. A. JACKSON. "Clarification of the Taxonomy of Bacillus mycoides." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 45, no. 1 (1995): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-45-1-46.

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Wibowo, Ilham, Yulmira Yanti, Hasmiandy Hamid, and Yaherwandi Yaherwandi. "Pengaruh empat isolat Bacillus spp. untuk pertumbuhan tanaman padi dan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap serangan kepinding tanah (Scotinophara coarctata Fabricius.)." Jurnal AGRO 11, no. 1 (2024): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/34106.

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Rice black bug (Scotinophara coarctata Fabricius) is an important pest of rice plants. An alternative control method involves utilizing biological agents from the genus Bacillus. The research aims to identify the effective Bacillus spp. isolates in enhancing the growth and resistance of rice plants against rice bug infestations. The experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments: (1) B. cereus strain MRDKBTE 1.3, (2) B. subtilis strain MRTDUMBE 3.2.1, (3) B. cereus strain MRPLUMBE 1.3, (4) B. mycoides strain MRSNUMBE 2.2, and (5) Control, each with five replications. The results showed that B. cereus strain MRPLUMBE 1.3 increased plant height by 135.27 cm, and the number of tillers by 23.85, with fresh and dry weights of 0.8 grams and 0.09 grams, respectively. Furthermore, B. mycoides strain MRSNUMBE 2.2 reduced the number of eggs by 30.60 ± 2.70 eggs, with a hatching percentage of 74.46%, and an infestation intensity of 11.18%. Kepinding Tanah (Scotinophara coarctata Fabricius) merupakan hama penting tanaman padi. Alternatif pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan agens hayati dari genus Bacillus. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi isolat Bacillus spp. yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap serangan kepinding tanah. Penelitian secara eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu : (1) B. cereus strain MRDKBTE 1.3, (2) B. subtilis strain MRTDUMBE 3.2.1, (3) B. cereus strain MRPLUMBE 1.3, (4) B. mycoides strain MRSNUMBE 2.2, dan (5) Kontrol dengan masing masing 5 ulangan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh B. cereus strain MRPLUMBE 1.3 meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman 135,27 cm, jumlah anakan 23,85 anakan, serta berat segar dan kering masing-masing sebesar 0,8 gram dan 0,09 gram. Selanjutnya, B. mycoides strain MRSNUMBE 2.2, dapat menurunkan jumlah telur 30,60 ± 2,70 telur, presentase telur yang menetas 74,46%, dengan intensitas serangan sebesar 11,18%.

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Ali, Baber, Xiukang Wang, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, et al. "Bacillus mycoides PM35 Reinforces Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Defense, Expression of Stress-Responsive Genes, and Ameliorates the Effects of Salinity Stress in Maize." Life 12, no. 2 (2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020219.

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Soil salinity is one of the abiotic constraints that imbalance nutrient acquisition, hampers plant growth, and leads to potential loss in agricultural productivity. Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can alleviate the adverse impacts of salt stress by mediating molecular, biochemical, and physiological status. In the present study, the bacterium Bacillus mycoides PM35 showed resistance up to 3 M NaCl stress and exhibited plant growth-promoting features. Under salinity stress, the halo-tolerant bacterium B. mycoides PM35 showed significant plant growth-promoting traits, such as the production of indole acetic acid, siderophore, ACC deaminase, and exopolysaccharides. Inoculation of B. mycoides PM35 alleviated salt stress in plants and enhanced shoot and root length under salinity stress (0, 300, 600, and 900 mM). The B. mycoides PM35 alleviated salinity stress by enhancing the photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, radical scavenging capacity, soluble sugars, and protein content in inoculated maize plants compared to non-inoculated plants. In addition, B. mycoides PM35 significantly boosted antioxidant activities, relative water content, flavonoid, phenolic content, and osmolytes while reducing electrolyte leakage, H2O2, and MDA in maize compared to control plants. Genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance (CzcD, sfp, and srfAA genes) were amplified in B. mycoides PM35. Moreover, all reactions are accompanied by the upregulation of stress-related genes (APX and SOD). Our study reveals that B. mycoides PM35 is capable of promoting plant growth and increasing agricultural productivity.

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Daffonchio, Daniele, Ameur Cherif, and Sara Borin. "Homoduplex and Heteroduplex Polymorphisms of the Amplified Ribosomal 16S-23S Internal Transcribed Spacers Describe Genetic Relationships in the “Bacillus cereus Group”." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 12 (2000): 5460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.12.5460-5468.2000.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus,Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides,Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus weihenstephanensis are closely related in phenotype and genotype, and their genetic relationship is still open to debate. The present work uses amplified 16S-23S internal transcribed spacers (ITS) to discriminate between the strains and species and to describe the genetic relationships within the “B. cereus group,” advantage being taken of homoduplex-heteroduplex polymorphisms (HHP) resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. One hundred forty-one strains belonging to the six species were investigated, and 73 ITS-HHP pattern types were distinguished by MDE, a polyacrylamide matrix specifically designed to resolve heteroduplex and single-strand conformation polymorphisms. The discriminating bands were confirmed as ITS by Southern hybridization, and the homoduplex or heteroduplex nature was identified by single-stranded DNA mung bean nuclease digestion. Several of the ITS-HHP types corresponded to specific phenotypes such as B. anthracis or serotypes ofB. thuringiensis. Unweighted pair group method arithmetic average cluster analysis revealed two main groups. One included B. mycoides, B. weihenstephanensis, and B. pseudomycoides. The second included B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis appeared as a lineage of B. cereus.

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Hallmann, Johannes, Tesfamariam Mekete, Richard Sikora, and Sebastian Kiewnick. "Endophytic bacteria from Ethiopian coffee plants and their potential to antagonise Meloidogyne incognita." Nematology 11, no. 1 (2009): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854108x398462.

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AbstractEndophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee roots in Ethiopia and identified by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester-Gas Chromatography (FAME-GC). A total of 201 and 114 endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The most abundant genera were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter. Population densities were higher during the wet season than the dry season ranging from 5.2 × 103 to 2.07 × 106 cfu (g fresh root weight)–1. Culture filtrates of the bacterial isolates showed nematicidal effects of between 38 and 98%. The most active strains were Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus pumilus, B. brevis, B. megaterium, B. mycoides, B. licheniformis, Chryseobacterium balustinum, Cedecea davisae, Cytophaga johnsonae, Lactobacillus paracasei, Micrococcus luteus, M. halobius, Pseudomonas syringae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Bacillus pumilus and B. mycoides were most effective in reducing the number of galls and egg masses caused by M. incognita by 33 and 39%, respectively.

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Ibraheem, Khalida Jhalil. "Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts Bacillus Species Isolated From Baghdad Soil Against Some Human Pathogenic Microorganisms." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (2016): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v16i2.114.

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Bacillus species are the predominant soil bacteria because of their resistant endospore formation and can produce many different antimicrobial substances. The main aim of this study was to isolate Bacillus species from soil and investigate their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi isolated from human. 48 soil samples were collected from different region of Baghdad city (Rashidiya, Mahmudiyah, Alkraat and Aldora) during December 2015 and analyzed for the presence of Bacillus species. Bacterial isolates were identified by using different microscopical examination, cultural characteristics, biochemical tests and confirmed by VITEK 2 bacterial identification system. The antimicrobial effects of Bacillus species extracts against some pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive, Gram-negative) and fungi were examined. The identified Bacillus species included B. polymyxa, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. mycoides, B. firmus and B. subtilis. The results indicate that the bacterial isolates showed antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi. B. polymyxa showed best activity against most test organisms compare to other Bacillus isolates, follow by B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. firmus and B. mycoides. This study reveals that some Bacillus species have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds that can be used to control microbial infections in future.

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Manzano, Marisa, Luca Cocolin, Carlo Cantoni, and Giuseppe Comi. "Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus mycoides differentiation using a PCR-RE technique." International Journal of Food Microbiology 81, no. 3 (2003): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00222-2.

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Prüß, Birgit M., Richard Dietrich, Birgit Nibler, Erwin Märtlbauer, and Siegfried Scherer. "The Hemolytic Enterotoxin HBL Is Broadly Distributed among Species of the Bacillus cereusGroup." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 12 (1999): 5436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.12.5436-5442.1999.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of the hemolytic enterotoxin complex HBL was determined in all species of the Bacillus cereus group with the exception of Bacillus anthracis. hblA, encoding the binding subunit B, was detected by PCR and Southern analysis and was confirmed by partial sequencing of 18 strains. The sequences formed two clusters, one including B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains and the other one consisting ofBacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides, and Bacillus weihenstephanensisstrains. From eight B. thuringiensis strains, the enterotoxin gene hblA could be amplified. Seven of them also expressed the complete HBL complex as determined with specific antibodies against the L1, L2, and B components. Eleven of 16 B. mycoides strains, all 3B. pseudomyoides strains, 9 of 15 B. weihenstephanensis strains, and 10 of 23 B. cereusstrains carried hblA. While HBL was not expressed in theB. pseudomycoides strains, the molecular assays were in accordance with the immunological assays for the majority of the remaining strains. In summary, the hemolytic enterotoxin HBL seems to be broadly distributed among strains of the B. cereusgroup and relates neither to a certain species nor to a specific environment. The consequences of this finding for food safety considerations need to be evaluated.

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Ryzhov, Victor, Yetrib Hathout, and Catherine Fenselau. "Rapid Characterization of Spores of Bacillus cereusGroup Bacteria by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (2000): 3828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.3828-3834.2000.

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ABSTRACT Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to characterize the spores of 14 microorganisms of the Bacillus cereus group. This group includes the four Bacillus species B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. mycoides, andB. thuringiensis. MALDI mass spectra obtained from whole bacterial spores showed many similarities between the species, except for B. mycoides. At the same time, unique mass spectra could be obtained for the different B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains, allowing for differentiation at the strain level. To increase the number of detectable biomarkers in the usually peak-poor MALDI spectra of spores, the spores were treated by corona plasma discharge (CPD) or sonicated prior to MALDI analysis. Spectra of sonicated or CPD-treated spores displayed an ensemble of biomarkers common for B. cereus group bacteria. Based on the spectra available, these biomarkers differentiate B. cereus group spores from those of Bacillus subtilis andBacillus globigii. The effect of growth medium on MALDI spectra of spores was also explored.

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YANG, I.-CHEN, DANIEL YANG-CHIH SHIH, TSUI-PING HUANG, YUN-PU HUANG, JAN-YI WANG, and TZU-MING PAN. "Establishment of a Novel Multiplex PCR Assay and Detection of Toxigenic Strains of the Species in the Bacillus cereus Group." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 10 (2005): 2123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.10.2123.

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Five different enterotoxins and one emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus have been characterized. To amplify all of the enterotoxin and emetic-specific sequences of the species in the B. cereus group, a multiplex PCR with 12 primer pairs was established. In developing the assay method, a common terminal sequence at the 3′ ends of all primers was chosen and a hot start Taq polymerase was used to overcome primer dimer formation. The assay was successfully applied to analyze the toxigenic potential of 162 food-poisoning and food-related strains. Results showed that there were 10 toxigenic patterns for all the test strains. All of the B. cereus strains carried at least one toxin gene. More than 70% of Bacillus mycoides strains carried no known toxin genes. The toxin profiles and toxin genes of B. mycoides strains were significantly different from B. cereus strains (P &lt; 0.05), although the two species were closely related. The results suggest that many B. mycoides strains might be less prone to cause food poisoning. They also indicate the importance of detecting the toxin genes together with the detection of the species in the B. cereus group.

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Goodwin, AE, JS Roy, JM Grizzle, and MT Goldsby. "Bacillus mycoides: a bacterial pathogen of channel catfish." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18 (1994): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao018173.

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Farag, Mohamed M. S., Saad A. M. Moghannem, Amr M. Shehabeldine, and Mohamed S. Azab. "Antitumor effect of exopolysaccharide produced by Bacillus mycoides." Microbial Pathogenesis 140 (March 2020): 103947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103947.

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Van Zhang, Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Thu, Vu Thi Linh, V. V. Pylnev, and M. I. Popchenko. "Influence of cultivation conditions on IAA - producing activity of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from morning-glory (IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE (L.) R.Br.)." BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213605003.

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This work presents the experimental study results of the influence of the culture medium on the ability to IAA synthesis of three endophytic strains TH10R, TH11T, and TH13T from roots of Ipomoea pes-caprae. Three investigated strains give the highest IAA concentration after 96 h of cultivation. A significant increase in IAA biosynthesis was obtained by cultivating the TH10R strain in a medium containing lactose or starch as a carbon source and NH4Cl or KNO3 as a nitrogen source. The TH11T strain produces the maximum amount of IAA, using glucose or xylose and KNO3 or NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Sucrose is a suitable carbon source for the TH13T strain; on a sucrose-containing medium, the TH13T strain produces the highest IAA amount. The most active strain is TH10R, identified as Bacillus mycoides and named Bacillus mycoides TH10R.

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MONTVILLE, THOMAS J., TARA DE SIANO, ADAM NOCK, SALLY PADHI, and DAVID WADE. "Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis and Potential Surrogate Bacilli Growth from Spore Inocula by Nisin and Other Antimicrobial Peptides." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 10 (2006): 2529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.10.2529.

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The ability of nisin, synthetic temporin analogs, magainins, defensins, and cecropins to inhibit Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus subtilis growth from spore inocula was determined using well diffusion assays. Nisin, magainin II amide, and defensins were inhibitory in screening against B. anthracis Sterne or B. cereus ATCC 7004, but only nisin inhibited virulent B. anthracis strains. The MICs of nisin against the 10 Bacillus strains examined were 0.70 to 13.51 μg/ml. Synthetic temporin analogs also inhibited B. anthracis but were not as potent as nisin. None of the strains examined were appropriate B. anthracis surrogates for testing sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides.

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Kim, Wonyong, Ji-Yeon Kim, Sung-Lim Cho, et al. "Glycosyltransferase – a specific marker for the discrimination of Bacillus anthracis from the Bacillus cereus group." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 3 (2008): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47642-0.

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Bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax, has been taxonomically classified with the Bacillus cereus group, which comprises B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus weihenstephanensis. Although the pathogenesis and ecological manifestations may be different, B. anthracis shares a high degree of DNA sequence similarity with its group member species. As a result, the discrimination of B. anthracis from its close relatives in the B. cereus group is still quite difficult. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed to search for genomic differences between a B. anthracis Korean isolate CR and the most closely related B. cereus type strain KCTC 3624T. Two-hundred and five B. anthracis CR clones obtained by SSH underwent Southern hybridization, and comparative sequences were analysed using the blast program from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Subsequently, primer sets based on the glycosyltransferase group 1 family protein gene specific to B. anthracis were designed from the sequences of subtracted clones, and their specificities were evaluated using eight B. anthracis, 33 B. cereus, 10 B. thuringiensis, six B. mycoides, one B. pseudomycoides, one B. weihenstephanensis and 19 strains from 11 other representative Bacillus species. PCR primers specific for the glycosyltransferase group 1 family protein gene did not amplify the desired products from any of the Bacillus strains under examination, except B. anthracis alone. These findings may be useful in the future development of efficient diagnostic tools for the rapid identification of B. anthracis from other members of the B. cereus group.

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YANTI, YULMIRA, WARNITA WARNITA, REFLIN REFLIN, and MUNZIR BUSNIAH. "Indigenous endophyte bacteria ability to control Ralstonia and Fusarium wilt disease on chili pepper." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (2018): 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190446.

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Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin, Busniah M. 2018. Indigenous endophyte bacteria ability to control Ralstonia and Fusarium wiltdisease on chili pepper. Biodiversitas 19: 1532-1538. Bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensisand Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (Foc), respectively are the most damaging vascular pathogens in chili pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) and many other crops limiting their production, worldwide. Various strategies have been developed to control wilt pathogensincluding the application of chemical pesticides, which generally considered as the most effective and fastest strategy for plant diseasemanagement. However, effective chemicals for wilt pathogens of chili pepper plants are not available, yet. Endophytic bacteriaconsidered as one of options to control vascular wilt disease because of its ability to live and colonize in internal roots of plants.Previous research has been done to select endophytic indigenous bacteria isolates which can promote growth rate of chili pepper. Thepurpose of the research was to identify the selected indigenous endophyte bacteria isolates acquired from our previous study using 16SrRNA identifications and to screen the selected endophytic indigenous bacteria to control both R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and Foc.Results from 16S r RNA analysis showed that all of 9 isolates were identified as Bacillus spp., such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579,Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112, Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792,Bacillus weihenstephanensis strain DSM 11821, Bacillus mycoides strain 273, Bacillus cereus strain NBRC 15305, Bacillusbingmayongensis strain FJAT-13831 and Bacillus manliponensis strain BL4-6. Our results showed that most of endophytic bacteriaisolates application could control both bacterial and Fusarium wilt diseases. Six out of nine isolates can suppress R. syzigii subsp.indonesiensis without developing any symptoms and five isolates could suppress symptoms of Foc. Isolates Bacillus pseudomycoidesstrain NBRC 101232 Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792 and Bacillus mycoides strain 273 were potential for control Foc and R.syzigii subsp. indonesiensis in chili pepper.

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Valero Valero, Nelson Osvaldo, Claudia Marcela Vergel Castro, Yeison Enrique Ustate Morales, and Liliana Cecilia Gómez Gómez. "Bioestimulación de frijol guajiro y su simbiosis con Rhizobium por ácidos húmicos y Bacillus mycoides." Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial 19, no. 2 (2021): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18684/bsaa.v19.n2.2021.1608.

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La bioestimulación es una tecnología pertinente en apoyo a la intensificación de la agricultura ecológica, principalmente en suelos de zonas marginales donde los tensores ambientales mantienen a las plantas bajo condiciones de estrés permanente en detrimento de la productividad. Los bioestimulantes promueven en la planta cambios fisiológicos y morfológicos conducentes a una mejor adaptación en condiciones adversas e incrementos en el crecimiento y productividad. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto bioestimulante de Bacillus mycoides BSC25 y ácidos húmicos derivados de lombricompost de estiércol de caprino (AH-L) y de un carbón pobre tipo lignito (AH-C), sobre el frijol guajiro (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). El trabajo comprendió: 1) la comprobación de la presencia de rizóbios en el suelo, con capacidad de nodular V. unguiculata, y caracterización molecular de una cepa aislada, 2) experimentos bajo condiciones controladas en cámara de crecimiento vegetal, para comprobar la estimulación del crecimiento temprano del frijol tratado con AH-L, AH-C o B. mycoides y la aplicación conjunta AH-B. mycoides, 3) un experimento de bioestimulacion con AH-L, AH-C y B. mycoides bajo condiciones de campo, en un suelo semiárido de la media Guajira. Adicionalmente se determinó la identidad química de los AH, relacionada con su bioactividad. Se encontró que en el suelo persistía una población de Rhizobium sp capaz de nodular el frijol guajiro, el tratamiento con los agentes bioestimulantes favorece el crecimiento de la planta e incrementa el grado de nodulación por la población nativa de rizóbios, lo cual sugiere la conveniencia de promover esta tecnología para mejorar la producción del cultivo de frijol guajiro.

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Dinata, Gallyndra Fatkhu, Nurul Ariani, Andik Purnomo, and Luqman Qurata Aini. "PEMANFAATAN BIODIVERSITAS BAKTERI SERASAH KOPI SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENGENDALI PENYAKIT MOLER PADA BAWANG MERAH." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan 9, no. 1 (2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jurnalhpt.2021.009.1.5.

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Penyakit busuk pangkal batang/moler (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae/FOC) merupakan salah satu faktor biotik dalam produksi bawang merah yang menyebabkan kerusakan hingga 50 %. Pengendalian biologi menawarkan strategi potensial pada perlindungan tanaman yang berfokus pada peran musuh alami dalam menekan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui jenis bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati terhadap penyakit moler pada bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kondisi laboratorium dan lapang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok untuk membandingkan setiap isolat dalam mengendalikan patogen. Sebanyak 5 dari 21 isolat bakteri menunjukkan sifat antagonisme yang tinggi terhadap FOC. Kelima isolat teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus mycoides (K1), Clostridium sp. (K2), Pseudomonas sp. (K11), Erwinia sp. (K13), dan Pseudomonas sp. (K29). Pseudomonas sp menujukkan aktivitas penghambatan jamur sebesar 61,01 % dan 73,05 % di laboratorium, sedangkan Bacillus mycoides memberikan hasil terbaik pada kondisi lapang. K2 dan K29 menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sementara itu, K29 juga berpotensi meningkatkan jumlah daun dan berat basah tanaman.

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Santillana Villanueva, Nery, Alex Tineo Bermudez, Godofredo Mamani Mamani, Michael Aylas Chavez, Wilfredo Gonzales Guzman, and Francisco Espinoza-Montes. "Contribución de bacterias endófitas nativas en la acumulación de nutrientes en poaceas altoandinas." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 33, no. 5 (2021): e23790. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v33i5.23790.

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El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la contribución de las bacterias endófitas nativas en la acumulación de nutrientes en tres poaceas altoandinas a 4116 msnm. Se determinó el contenido de macro y micronutrientes en la biomasa aérea de Calamagrostis vicunarum, Festuca dolichophylla y Muhlenbergia ligularis inoculadas con 19 bacterias endófitas, las que se compararon con tres controles (abonamiento básico, fertilización química y sin ninguna aplicación). Los resultados en Calamagrostis vicunarum evidenciaron que cuatro aislados de Bacillus mycoides (13, 19, 12 y 16) contribuyeron entre 15.2 y 35.6% en la acumulación de S, Ca, Na, Mg, P, K y N (macronutrientes) y de Fe, B, Zn, Mn, Cu y Mo (micronutrientes). En Festuca dolichophylla, dos aislados de B. mycoides (16 y 14) y las bacterias Paenibacillus tundrae (10) y Staphylococcus warneri (7) contribuyeron entre 8.6 y 25.9% en la acumulación de S, Ca, Mg, P y K (macronutrientes) y B, Zn, Mn y Cu (micronutrientes). En Muhlenbergia ligularis, Bacillus simplex (2), B. mycoides (19 y 15), P. xylanexedens (17) y P. amylolyticus (9) contribuyeron entre 10.7 y 73.6% en la acumulación de Na, N, K, Mg, S, P y Ca (macronutrientes) y de Cu, Mo, B, Fe, Zn y Mn (micronutrientes). Estos resultados evidencian el potencial de las bacterias endófitas estudiadas para mejorar el contenido de nutrientes en las poaceas altoandinas, aunque muestran cierta especificidad de la especie en el efecto.

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Abdel-Naby, Mohamed A., A.-M. S. Ismail, S. A. Ahmed, and Ahmed F. Abdel Fattah. "Production and immobilization of alkaline protease from Bacillus mycoides." Bioresource Technology 64, no. 3 (1998): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(97)00160-0.

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Jankiewicz, U., and A. Wnuk. "An activated by cobalt alkaline aminopeptidase from Bacillus mycoides." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 47, no. 2 (2011): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683811020050.

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Cano-Gil, Juan David, Luz Adriana Gutiérrez-Ramírez, Carlos A. David-Ruales, Sandra Pardo-Carrasco, Valentina Jaramillo-Ruiz, and Manuela Arboleda-Restrepo. "Microbiological identification of some culturable native strains associated with the digestive tract in Panaque cochliodon." Revista MVZ Córdoba 29, no. 2 (2024): e3332. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.3332.

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Objective. To characterize by microbiology the native strains associated to the intestinal tract of the species Panaque cochliodon. Materials and methods. Three adult specimens captured in the Magdalena River that were transported and sacrificed under animal welfare regulations were used. Dissection of the intestinal tract was performed, obtaining samples for microbiological isolation, using culture media, purifying the microorganisms, performing metabolic biochemical tests and API 20E (Biomeriux) tests for their identification. Results. Information on the microbial population structure was obtained, reporting the phylum Proteobacteria with the species: Pantoea sp, Erwinia sp, Providencia stuarti, Providencia alcalifaciens, Serratia ficaria, Citrobacter koseri and the phylum Firmicutes with the species: Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thurigiensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus circulans. Conclusion. The predominant culturable microorganisms in P. cohliodon belong to the phylum Proteobacteria and the phylum Firmicutes.

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Baryakabona, Silver, Joseph Ssekandi, and Laban Turyagyenda. "Diversity and Prevalence of Indigenous Soil Bacillus spp. in the Major Cabbage Growing Agroecological Zones of Uganda." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2024): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.7.2.2234.

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Different species of genus Bacillus have been reported from different environments of the world. They are reported to play a role of soil fertility improvement, plant growth promotion and disease and pest management. Most of these reports on Bacillus species are from studies conducted outside Uganda and therefore information on the prevalence and diversity of bacillus species in Ugandan soils is scanty. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and diversity of Bacillus spp. isolated from the cabbage rhizosphere in the four major cabbage-growing agroecological zones of Uganda. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosafety Makerere University for morphological and biochemical identification of the Bacillus bacteria. DNA extraction and PCR were conducted at the College of Natural Resources Makerere University while sequencing was done at Macrogen laboratories in Korea and Inqaba Biotec in South Africa. Morphological, biochemical and genomic analyses revealed five Bacillus spp. (22 Bacillus strains) grouped as B. cereus, B. mycoides, B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium and B. bingmayongensis. B. cereus and B. megaterium were the most dominant and widely spread Bacillus spp. A phylogenetic tree indicated three major clads, showing that B. thuringiensis was closely related to B. cereus while B.bingmayongesis was closely related to B.megaterium. The B. mycoides were closely related to some B. cereus strains and B. bingmayongensis. The phylogenetic tree further showed that some Bacillus strains of the same species were distantly related. It was therefore concluded that most abundant and prevalent Bacillus spp. in Ugandan soils were B. cereus and B. megaterium. The presence and abundance of these bacillus species in the Ugandan soil presents an opportunity for soil scientists to innovatively manipulate them for use as biofertilizers and biopesticides for crop production and management. Such innovations would reduce the reliance of farmers on synthetic fertilizers that are pollutants to the environment and unhealthy to the users and consumers

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Bedoshvili, Yekaterina, Elvira Bayramova, Nikolay Sudakov, et al. "Impact of Algicidal Bacillus mycoides on Diatom Ulnaria acus from Lake Baikal." Diversity 13, no. 10 (2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100469.

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Algae–bacteria interactions play an important role in water ecosystems. In this work, the BS2-15 algicidal strain was isolated from the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal and identified as Bacillus mycoides on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, its described ultrastructure, and biochemical properties. B. mycoides BS2-15 was demonstrated to have a strong algicidal effect against a freshwater diatom culture of Ulnaria acus, inhibiting its growth and increasing frustules fragility. By analyzing the impact of bacterial filtrate onto the cells of U. acus, we demonstrated that perhaps an algicidal compound is produced by bacteria independently in the presence of diatoms in a medium. Using methods of TUNEL and confocal microscopy, we revealed that the bacterial algicidal effect on the diatom cells results in DNA fragmentation, nucleus destruction, and neutral lipid accumulation. This phenomenon highlights the complexity of algae–bacteria interactions and their potential role in regulating water ecosystem microbial populations.

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Watanabe, Katsuji, and Koichi Hayano. "Distribution and identification of proteolytic Bacillus spp. in paddy field soil under rice cultivation." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 7 (1993): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-097.

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Proteolytic bacteria in paddy field soils under rice cultivation were characterized and enumerated using azocoll agar plates. Bacillus spp. were the proteolytic bacteria that were most frequently present, comprising 59% of the isolates. They were always the numerically dominant proteolytic bacteria isolated from three kinds of fertilizer treatments (yearly application of rice-straw compost and chemical fertilizer, yearly application of chemical fertilizer, and no fertilizer application) and at three different stages of rice development (vegetative growth stage, maximal tillering stage, and harvest stage). Of the 411 proteolytic bacteria isolated, 124 isolates had stronger proteolytic activity than others on the basis of gelatin liquefaction tests and most of them were Bacillus spp. (100% in 1989 and 92.4% in 1991). Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were the main bacteria of this group and Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus megaterium were also present. We conclude that these Bacillus spp. are the primary source of soil protease in these paddy fields.Key words: soil protease, paddy field, proteolytic bacteria, Bacillus spp.

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Vallini, Giovanni, Simona Di Gregorio, and Silvia Lampis. "Rhizosphere-induced Selenium Precipitation for Possible Applications in Phytoremediation of Se Polluted Effluents." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 3-4 (2005): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-3-419.

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Abstract Two bacterial isolates were obtained in axenic culture from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus bisulcatus, a legume able to hyperaccumulate selenium. Both strains resulted of particular interest for their high resistance to the toxic oxyanion SeO32- (selenite, SeIV). On the basis of molecular and biochemical analyses, these two isolates were attributed to the species Bacillus mycoides and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, respectively. Their capability in axenic culture to precipitate the soluble, bioavailable and highly toxic selenium form selenite to insoluble and relatively non-toxic Se0 (elemental selenium) was evaluated in defined medium added with 0.2 or 0.5 mm SeIV. Both strains showed to completely reduce 0.2 mᴍ selenite in 120 h, while 0.5 mm SeIV was reduced up to 67% of the initial concentration by B. mycoides and to about 50% by S. maltophilia in 48 h. Together in a dual consortium, B. mycoides and S. maltophilia increased the kinetics of selenite reduction, thus improving the efficiency of the process. A model system for selenium rhizofiltration based on plant-rhizobacteria interactions has been proposed.

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Yurkevich, Natalia, Aleksey Makas, Svetlana Bortnikova, et al. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE SELENIUM-, NITROGEN - AND SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN THE VAPOR PHASE FROM THE DUMP OF GOLD DEPOSITS." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 3 (2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-3-209-217.

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The results of an experiment to determine the composition of selenium, nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds in the vapor-gas phase above the surface of the autoclaved sample of the waste substance of the Ursk sulfide-containing gold mining waste (Kemerovo region) and with the addition of a cultured bacterium of the Bacillus mycoides species are presented.

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Chang, Yu-Hsiu, Yung-Hui Shangkuan, Hung-Chi Lin, and Hwan-Wun Liu. "PCR Assay of the groEL Gene for Detection and Differentiation of Bacillus cereus Group Cells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 8 (2003): 4502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4502-4510.2003.

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ABSTRACT Strains of species in the Bacillus cereus group are potentially enterotoxic. Thus, the detection of all B. cereus group strains is important. As 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis cannot adequately differentiate species of the B. cereus group, we explored the potential of the groEL gene as a phylogenetic marker. A phylogenetic analysis of the groEL sequences of 78 B. cereus group strains revealed that the B. cereus group strains were split into two major clusters, one including six B. mycoides and one B. pseudomycoides (cluster II) and the other including two B. mycoides and the rest of the B. cereus group strains (cluster I). Cluster I was further differentiated into two subclusters, Ia and Ib. The sodA gene sequences of representative strains from different clusters were also compared. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the sodA sequences showed substantial similarity to the tree constructed from the groEL sequences. Based on the groEL sequences, a PCR assay for detection and identification of B. cereus group strains was developed. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis verified the PCR amplicons and the differentiation of the B. cereus group strains. RFLP with MboI was identical for all the B. cereus group strains analyzed, while RFLP with MfeI or PstI classified all B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains into two groups. All cluster II B. mycoides and B. pseudomycoides strains could be discriminated from other B. cereus group bacteria by restriction analysis with TspRI.

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Leonard, C., Y. Chen, and J. Mahillon. "Diversity and differential distribution of IS231, IS232 and IS240 among Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus mycoides." Microbiology 143, no. 8 (1997): 2537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-143-8-2537.

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Cherif, Ameur, Sara Borin, Aurora Rizzi, Hadda Ouzari, Abdellatif Boudabous, and Daniele Daffonchio. "Bacillus anthracis Diverges from Related Clades of the Bacillus cereus Group in 16S-23S Ribosomal DNA Intergenic Transcribed Spacers Containing tRNA Genes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 1 (2003): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.1.33-40.2003.

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ABSTRACT Mung bean nuclease treatment of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) amplified from several strains of the six species of the Bacillus cereus group showed that B. anthracis Davis TE702 and B. mycoides G2 have other intermediate fragments in addition to the 220- and 550-bp homoduplex fragments typical of the B. cereus group. Long and intermediate homoduplex ITS fragments from strains Davis TE702 and G2 and from another 19 strains of the six species were sequenced. Two main types of ITS were found, either with two tRNA genes (tRNAIle and tRNAAla) or without any at all. Strain Davis TE702 harbors an additional ITS with a single tRNA gene, a hybrid between the tRNAIle and tRNAAla genes, suggesting that a recombination event rather than a deletion generated the single tDNA-containing ITS. Strain G2 showed an additional ITS of intermediate length with no tDNA and no similarity to other known sequences. Neighbor-joining analysis of tDNA-containing long ITS indicated that B. cereus and B. thuringiensis represent a single clade. Three signature sequences discriminated B. anthracis from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, indicating that the anthrax agent started evolving separately from the related clades of the B. cereus group. B. mycoides and B. weienstephanensis were very closely related, while B. pseudomycoides appeared the most distant species.

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Bell, Julia A., and Stephen B. Friedman. "Genetic Structure and Diversity Within Local Populations of Bacillus mycoides." Evolution 48, no. 5 (1994): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410258.

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Luo, Tian, Shanshan Hou, Li Yang, Gaofu Qi, and Xiuyun Zhao. "Nematodes avoid and are killed by Bacillus mycoides-produced styrene." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 159 (November 2018): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.09.006.

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Trisnawati, Luh Putu Adi, Luqman Qurata Aini, Abdul Latief Abadi, Kestrillia Rega Prillianti, and Matheus Randy Prabowo. "Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrum Characterization of Bacillus Mycoides." Research Journal of Life Science 9, no. 3 (2022): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2022.009.03.2.

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The presence of Bacillus mycoides and its ability to grow and spread quickly certainly affect the growth of the target pathogen and it can cause invalid detection results. Therefore, the presence of contaminant bacteria needs to be detected to ensure the specificity of the detection results against the target pathogenic bacteria. Various kinds of detection methods are commonly used, such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) are time-consuming and not always very specific. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods were adopted to provide a comprehensive and reliable method for bacterial analysis. In this study, FTIR spectroscopy was used as an initial guess for the identification of bacterial isolates. Our results showed that there are dominant peaks from the FTIR spectrum obtained that were most associated with protein and carbohydrate in the range of wave number 400-4000 cm-1.

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Bach, H. J., D. Errampalli, K. T. Leung, et al. "Specific Detection of the Gene for the Extracellular Neutral Protease of Bacillus cereus by PCR and Blot Hybridization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (1999): 3226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.3226-3228.1999.

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ABSTRACT A pair of primers and a gene probe for the amplification and detection of the Bacillus cereus neutral protease gene (NPRC) were developed. Specificity for the npr genes of theB. cereus group members B. cereus, B. mycoides, and B. thuringiensis was shown. Restriction polymorphism patterns of the PCR products confirmed the presence of the NPRC gene in all three species.

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Oğuz, Merve, Soner Soylu, İlhan Üremiş, et al. "Determination of fungal and bacterial microbiota of broomrape species found in their major host plants grown in Hatay province of Türkiye." Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 29, no. 3 (2024): 896–911. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.1516441.

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The aim of this study was to determine the fungal and bacterial microbiomes of broomrape species (Orobanche ramosa and O. crenata) encountered in their major host crops in different districts of Hatay province of Türkiye. Fungal isolates obtained from plants showing disease symptoms were identified as Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium incarnatum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae as a result of morphological, MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification studies. Antagonist/plant growth promoting bacterial species such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus putida, Bacillus simplex, Enterobacter cloacae, Glutamicibacter mysorens, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas cedrina ssp. cedrina, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas pseudomycoides, Pseudomonas trivialis, Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Pseudomonas umsongensis, Rhizobium radiobacter, Solibacillus silvestris, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Variovorax paradoxus were isolated from healthy broomrape plants and pathogenic bacterial species such as Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas marginalis and Pseudomonas mediterranea were isolated from plant samples of broomrape plants showing symptoms of disease and identified by MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

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Fernández, A., J. Orós, J. L. Rodríguez, J. King, and J. B. Poveda. "Morphological Evidence of a Filamentous Cilia-associated Respiratory (CAR) Bacillus in Goats." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 4 (1996): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300415.

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A filamentous cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus was discovered in 12 3-4 month-old goats experimentally infected with two different strains of mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides type. The CAR bacilli were always arranged parallel to the cilia, and the morphology of these bacilli is very similar to that of other bacilli described previously in other species from various parts of the world.

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Pașca, Claudia, Liviu Alexandru Mărghitaș, Ioana Adriana Matei, et al. "Screening of Some Romanian Raw Honeys and Their Probiotic Potential Evaluation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 5816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135816.

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This study aimed to characterize raw honeys from different geographical origins in Romania, in respect of chemical composition, microbiological examination and evaluate their probiotic potential. The physico-chemical determinations were performed in APHIS-DIA Laboratory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, using standard validated methods. Bacterial identification was performed for each sample and each colony type using Vitek® 2 Compact 15 system and PCR amplification using 16S rDNA bacterial universal primers (27F, 1492R), species being confirm by sequences analysis. In five raw honey samples, we have identified probiotic bacteria, such as: Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus velezensis. Generally, all honey samples meet the standard values for chemical composition. However, one sample having 7.44% sucrose was found to have also probiotics bacteria from the genus Bacillus because sucrose is a substrate for probiotics development. In conclusion, the Romanian raw honey can be a potential reservoir of probiotics, which confer a health benefit for consumers.

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LIN, S. F., H. SCHRAFT, and M. W. GRIFFITHS. "Identification of Bacillus cereus by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 7 (1998): 921–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.7.921.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for rapid identification of Bacillus cereus isolates. Ten B. cereus group isolates (comprising B. cereus, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis strains), five other Bacillus spp., and five non-Bacillus spp. were used. Two types of media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Trypticase soy agar (TSA), were tested. The results indicated that all B. cereus group isolates produced characteristic absorbance peaks at wave numbers between 1738 and 1740 cm−1 These peaks were not affected by the growth medium. None of the other bacteria tested showed a similar peak after growth on BHI or TSA. Absorbance peaks between 1800 and 1500 cm−1 of members of the B. cereus group had different shapes and sizes, suggesting that FTIR may be useful for rapid identification of species within the B. cereus group.

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Aldiba, Alaa Shahat, Ivan Dmitrievich Escov, and Aleksey Vasilievich Melnikov. "Biological control of early blight on potato caused by Altrnaria solani by microbial antagonists." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 24, 2019): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i9pp4-10.

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Early blight (Alternaria solani) is a potential disease of potato that reduces its production globally both in conventional and tunnel cultivations. Due to variability in pathogenic isolates, prolonged active disease cycle phase and broad host range early blight is very difficult to manage. 8 microorganisms as a bioagent exhibiting inhibitory affects against Alternaria solani, were screened for their activity towards A. solani by a dual culture in vitro assay and in vivo (whole plant) test.in vitro studies indicated that the microorganism’s strains strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen. The effect of microorganism’s strains on the mycelial growth (mm) of the pathogen proved to be highest with Trichoderma sp. (0.55) followed by Pseudomonas brassica cearum (0.74) and Pseudomonas jessenii (0.81) on the high concentration (106 cells ml-1) compared to the control (2.30). On the other hand, Bacillus mycoides (2.14) in vivo studies 9 microorganism’s strains were applied in two different application (foliar – soil) and two different varieties (Labella – Romano). The results showed significant reductions in the disease severity (%) with the treatment by Trichoderma sp (2%) followed by Bacillus thuringiensis (3%) and Bacillus mycoides (5%) compared with the control (46%) of Romano variety, while there were a less significant reductions in the disease severity (%)with the treatments compared with the control (16%) of Labella variety . The efficacy of antagonists to suppress the early blight disease varied in respect to the time and type of application.

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Liu, Yang, Qiliang Lai, and Zongze Shao. "Genome analysis-based reclassification of Bacillus weihenstephanensis as a later heterotypic synonym of Bacillus mycoides." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 1 (2018): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002466.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacillus mycoides'

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