Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki"

1

Branco, Marina Castelo. "Avaliação da eficiência de formulações de Bacillus thuringiensis para o controle de traça-das-crucíferas em repolho no Distrito Federal." Horticultura Brasileira 17, no. 3 (November 1999): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05361999000300013.

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A traça-das-crucíferas (Plutella xylostella) é a praga mais importante do repolho no Distrito Federal. Seu controle é feito basicamente com inseticidas. Novos produtos são constantemente avaliados para o controle da praga e neste trabalho duas novas formulações de Bacillus thuringiensis [Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (350 e 500 g/ha)e B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki x B. thuringiensis var. aizawai (350 e 500 ml/ha)] foram avaliadas no período de maio a outubro de 1995. Os tratamentos B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (500 ml/ha), deltametrina (240 ml/ha) e uma testemunha sem pulverização foram também incluídos no experimento. O delineamento foi blocos ao acaso, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os resultados mostraram que B. thuringiensis var. aizawai nas duas dosagens avaliadas e B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki x B. thuringiensis var. aizawai (500 ml/ha) foram os produtos mais eficientes. Ao final do experimento larvas e pupas de traça-das-crucíferas foram coletadas no campo e a primeira geração foi submetida a um teste de laboratório onde discos de folhas de repolho foram tratados com as dosagens dos inseticidas a base de B. thuringiensis utilizadas no campo. Larvas de segundo estádio foram colocadas sobre os discos tratados e a mortalidade de larvas avaliada após 72 h. Todos os tratamentos causaram mais de 97% de mortalidade de larvas. O resultado do teste de laboratório sugere que a menor eficiência de B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki x B. thuringiensis var. aizawai (350 ml/ha) e B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (500 ml/ha) no teste de campo quando comparada aos demais Bacillus, pode ser devido à mais rápida degradação destes produtos no ambiente.
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2

Harnoto, Harnoto. "Pengaruh Bacillus Thuringiensis terhadap penggerek batang jagung Ostrinia Furnacalis (Lep. Pyralidae)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 2, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.2.2.33.

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The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis to the mortality of corn stemborer Ostrinia furnacalis (Lep. Pyralidae). The study was conducted at the laboratory of Bogor Research Institute for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources during 2005. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dosages of Bacillus. thuringiensis var. aizawai and var. Kurstaki on the mortalities of larvae of corn stemborer Ostrinia furnacalis. Completely randomize design was used with seven treatments. Each treatment was repeated four time with ten larvae per replication. The treatments were three formulation dosages of B. thuringiensis var. aizawai, i.e. 0,5; 1,0; and 2,0 g/l, thee formulation dosages of B. thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, i.e. 0,5; 1,0; and 2,0 g/l, and untreated control. Second instar larvae of O. furnacalis was used in this study. B. thuringiensis was contaminated to the surface of artificial diet with a small paint brush. The result showed that B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki at the dose rate of 1,0 g/l was toxic to the test insect while B. thuringiensis var. aizawai at the dose rate of 2,0 g/l was toxic to the test insect B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki was more toxic than B. thuringiensis var. aizawai to the corn stemborer.
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Selinger, L. B., G. G. Khachatourians, J. R. Byers, and M. F. Hynes. "Expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin gene by Bacillus pumilus." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w97-147.

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The δ -endotoxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis were introduced into a rhizosphere-inhabiting Bacillus pumilus isolate to create a δ -endotoxin expression and delivery system for subterranean feeding insects such as the larvae of pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia Morrison (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)). Preliminary experiments indicated that Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cultures were toxic to pale western cutworm larvae. Three different cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were cloned into high and low copy number vectors and mated into Bacillus pumilus RB8. When carried on high copy number vectors, cry genes appeared to inhibit sporulation and δ -endotoxin production in Bacillus pumilus RB8 cultures, since microscopic examination of these cultures revealed that <0.1% of the cells of late stationary phase cultures had sporulated and produced parasporal inclusions. On low copy number vectors, the cry genes did not inhibit sporulation; however, production of δ -endotoxins was undetectable. Using a heat shock regime for enrichment of sporogenous crystalliferous variants, a Bacillus pumilus isolate, carrying cryIA(c) on a high copy number plasmid, was obtained in which high level δ -endotoxin production occurred concomitant with sporulation. Synthesis of functional δ -endotoxin by this strain was confirmed by Western blot analysis and bioassay with pale western cutworm larvae. These results show that rhizosphere-inhabiting bacilli are indeed a potential route for introduction of δ -endotoxins to the root environment for biocontrol purposes.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, δ -endotoxin, conjugation, sporulation, expression.
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Koskella, J., and G. Stotzky. "Larvicidal toxins fromBacillusthuringiensissubspp.kurstaki,morrisoni(straintenebrionis), andisraelensishave no microbicidal or microbiostatic activity against selected bacteria, fungi, and algae in vitro." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-005.

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The insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki (antilepidopteran), morrisoni strain tenebrionis (anticoleopteran), and israelensis (antidipteran) did not affect the growth of a variety of bacteria (8 gram-negative, 5 gram-positive, and a cyanobacterium), fungi (2 Zygomycetes, 1 Ascomycete, 2 Deuteromycetes, and 2 yeasts), and algae (primarily green and diatoms) in pure and mixed culture, as determined by dilution, disk-diffusion, and sporulation assays with purified free and clay-bound toxins. The insecticidal crystal proteins from B. thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and israelensis had no antibiotic effect on various gram-positive bacteria.Key words: insecticidal toxins, Bacillus thuringiensis, microbiostatic, microbicidal.
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Cherif, Ameur, Besma Ettoumi, Noura Raddadi, Daniele Daffonchio, and Abdellatif Boudabous. "Genomic diversity and relationship of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus by multi-REP-PCR fingerprinting." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53, no. 3 (March 2007): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-129.

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The genomic diversity and relationship among 56 Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus type strains were investigated by multi-REP-PCR fingerprinting consisting of three PCR reactions targeting the enterobacterial ERIC1 and ERIC2 and the streptococcal BOXA1R consensus sequences. A total of 113 polymorphic bands were generated in the REP-PCR profiles that allowed tracing of a single dendrogram with three major groups. Bacillus cereus strains clustered together in the A and B groups. Most of the B. thuringiensis strains clustered in group C, which included groups of serovars with a within-group similarity higher than 40% as follows: darmstadiensis, israelensis, and morrisoni; aizawai, kenyae, pakistani, and thompsoni; canadensis, entomocidus, galleriae, kurstaki, and tolworthi; alesti, dendrolimus, and kurstaki; and finitimus, sotto, and thuringiensis. Multi-REP-PCR fingerprinting clustered B. thuringiensis serovars in agreement with previously developed multilocus sequence typing schemes, indicating that it represents a rapid shortcut for addressing the genetic relationship of unknown strains with the major known serovars.
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Knowles, B. H., P. H. Francis, and D. J. Ellar. "Structurally related Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins display major differences in insecticidal activity in vivo and in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 84, no. 1 (August 1, 1986): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.84.1.221.

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Many strains within the 22 serotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystal delta-endotoxins with slight differences in their insecticidal toxicity spectrum in vivo. Since the basis of this specificity is unknown, we chose to compare the activity of delta-endotoxins from three strains: B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1, var. aizawai HD-249 and var. thuringiensis HD-350, both in vivo and on insect cell lines in vitro. Immunoblotting with antisera to activated var. kurstaki P1 lepidopteran toxin revealed antigenic cross-reaction with the 130 X 10(3) Mr toxin of var. aizawai, and with polypeptides of 130 and 138 (X 10(3)) Mr from var. thuringiensis. In addition, crystals from var. kurstaki and var. aizawai contained an antigenically related 63 X 10(3) Mr protein that did not cross-react with antisera to the 130 X 10(3) Mr component. Bioassays on Pieris brassicae larvae (Lepidoptera) and Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera) indicated that the 130 X 10(3) Mr protein of var. kurstaki, and the 138 plus 130 X 10(3) Mr components of var. thuringiensis killed only P. brassicae, while the 130 X 10(3) Mr protein of var. aizawai and the 63 X 10(3) Mr proteins of var. aizawai and var. kurstaki were toxic to both P. brassicae and A. aegypti. Activation of the 130 and 138 (X 10(3)) Mr proteins of the three varieties of B. thuringiensis with insect gut proteases yielded active products of 50–60 (X 10(3)) Mr. Assay of these products on a range of lepidopteran and dipteran cell lines revealed very different toxicity spectra: var. kurstaki killed only one lepidopteran line, var. thuringiensis killed two lepidopteran lines, while var. aizawai was cytolytic to all of the lepidopteran and most of the dipteran cell lines tested, reflecting its broader spectrum in vivo. Thus we have shown that antigenic cross-reaction of B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins does not necessarily imply a similar toxicity spectrum in vivo or in vitro.
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Cossentine, J., M. Robertson, and D. Xu. "Biological Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 109, no. 3 (April 22, 2016): 1071–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow062.

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Abstract Whole-culture extracts of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner strains were assayed against larval and adult Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an important invasive pest of many thin-skinned soft fruit crops in North America. Of the 22 serovars tested versus larval D. suzukii , strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis , kurstaki , thompsoni , bolivia , and pakistani caused high (75 to 100%) first-instar mortalities. Pupal mortality, measured as a failure of adults to emerge, varied with serovar. The first D. suzukii instar was the most susceptible of the three larval instars to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1. Larval D. suzukii are shielded from crop treatments, as they develop under the skin of infested fruit, and adults would be a more vulnerable target for an efficacious strain of B. thuringiensis . Only one of the 21 B. thuringiensis serovars, var. thuringiensis , prepared as oral suspensions in sucrose for adult D. suzukii ingestion resulted in significant, albeit low mortality within 7 d. It is not a candidate for use in pest management, as it produces β -exotoxin that is toxic to vertebrates.
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Liu, Yong-Biao, Bruce E. Tabashnik, William J. Moar, and Robert A. Smith. "Synergism between Bacillus thuringiensis Spores and Toxins against Resistant and Susceptible Diamondback Moths (Plutella xylostella)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.4.1385-1389.1998.

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ABSTRACT We studied the effects of combinations of Bacillus thuringiensis spores and toxins on the mortality of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae in leaf residue bioassays. Spores of B. thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki increased the toxicity of crystals of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to both resistant and susceptible larvae. For B. thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki, resistance ratios were 1,200 for a spore-crystal mixture and 56,000 for crystals without spores. Treatment of a spore-crystal formulation of B. thuringiensissubsp. kurstaki with the antibiotic streptomycin to inhibit spore germination reduced toxicity to resistant larvae but not to susceptible larvae. In contrast, analogous experiments withB. thuringiensis subsp.aizawai revealed no significant effects of adding spores to crystals or of treating a spore-crystal formulation with streptomycin. Synergism occurred between Cry2A and B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki spores against susceptible larvae and between Cry1C and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai spores against resistant and susceptible larvae. The results show thatB. thuringiensis toxins combined with spores can be toxic even though the toxins and spores have little or no independent toxicity. Results reported here and previously suggest that, for diamondback moth larvae, the extent of synergism between spores and toxins of B. thuringiensis depends on the strain of insect, the type of spore, the set of toxins, the presence of other materials such as formulation ingredients, and the concentrations of spores and toxins.
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Brighenti, Deodoro Magno, César Freire Carvalho, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho, and Carla Regina G. Brighenti. "Eficiência do Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner, 1915) no controle da traça da cera Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 29, no. 1 (February 2005): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542005000100007.

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Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) no controle de Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus). Os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos do Departamento de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, a 28±2ºC, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Aplicou-se formulação comercial de B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki por meio de pulverização, imersão dos favos e também foi incorporada à dieta artificial fornecida às lagartas de terceiro ínstar da traça da cera. A aplicação do produto fitossanitário por meio da pulverização dos favos mostrou-se eficiente no controle de lagartas, atingindo níveis iguais ou superiores a 85% de mortalidade quando foram utilizados 5 g/100 mL de água. Na aplicação por imersão dos favos, todas as dosagens testadas foram eficientes atingindo até 100% de mortalidade. Adicionada à dieta artificial, a concentração com maior porcentagem de mortalidade foi de 10g/60g de dieta. Sintomas de infecção pelo B. thuringiensis foram identificados nas lagartas e o isolamento da bactéria, por meio de uma cultura de Bacillus, comprovou a causa da morte desses insetos em todas as dosagens da formulação comercial do B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki utilizadas.
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Janmaat, Alida F., Ping Wang, Wendy Kain, Jian-Zhou Zhao, and Judith Myers. "Inheritance of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in Trichoplusia ni." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 5859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.5859-5867.2004.

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ABSTRACT The genetic inheritance of resistance to a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was examined in a Trichoplusia ni colony initiated from a resistant population present in a commercial vegetable greenhouse in British Columbia, Canada. Progeny of F1 reciprocal crosses and backcrosses between F1 larvae and resistant (PR) and susceptible (PS) populations were assayed at different B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki concentrations. The responses of progeny of reciprocal F1 crosses were identical, indicating that the resistant trait was autosomal. The 50% lethal concentration for the F1 larvae was slightly higher than that for PS, suggesting that resistance is partially recessive. The responses of both backcross progeny (F1 × PR, F1 × PS) did not correspond to predictions from a single-locus model. The inclusion of a nonhomozygous resistant parental line in the monogenic model significantly increased the correspondence between the expected and observed results for the F1 × PR backcross but decreased the correspondence with the F1 × PS backcross results. This finding suggests that resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in this T. ni population is due to more than one gene.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki"

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McDowell, David Gordon. "A study of plasmid biology in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki HD1-Dipel." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108622/.

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The work presented in this thesis involves the characterization of a small plasmid, pHD2, of approximately 2 kb in size from Bacillus thuringiansis subspecies kurstaki HDl-Dipel. The plasmid was cloned and sequenced and compared to other plasmids from Gram-positive bacteria for which sequence information was available and for which replication functions had been assigned. Homology between the predicted amino acid sequence of an open reading frame within pHD2 and the rep gene products of the pT181 group of staphylococcal plasmids suggested a common method of plasmid replication. The further identification of possible plus and minus origins indicated that pHD2 was a member of a family of plasmids replicating via a single-stranded DNA intermediate. Plasmid replication control in the staphylococcal plasmids pT181, pC221 and pS194 involves a negative control circuit using countertranscripts. Replication control in the case of pHD2 may utilize an alternative system involving the gene product of a second small open reading frame with homology to RepA of pLSl in which replication control is achieved by the binding of the repA gene product to the promoter region of the replication protein repB. pHD2 is the first plasmid from a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate to which replication functions have been assigned. The work presented here suggests pHD2 to be a member of the ssDNA family of plasmids and extends the range of such plasmids which have been characterized with the suggestion that this group contains, in addition to the highly related staphylococcal plasmids, a number of more distantly related members. Additionally, chimeric plasmids containing pHD2 and pBR322 have been demonstrated to show structural instability, although not segregational instability, in an alternative Bacillus thuringiensis host. Consequently, the use of such constructs in the cloning of heterologous genes in Bacillus thuringiensis in such a system may prove impractical at this stage with further work being required in order to overcome these problems and extend the exploitation of this industrially important family of entomopathogenic bacteria.
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Kish, Karen Jeanine. "Saprophagous caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Herminiinae) effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki application in forest and laboratory settings /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3746.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 40 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39).
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Clairmont, François. "Structure of the insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-73." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/NQ48094.pdf.

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Braud, Rachel Ann. "Diversity, abundance, and the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner and Gypchek on larval and adult Symphyta in Virginia and West Virginia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2046.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 87 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-82).
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Silva, Everton Ricardi Lozano da. "Técnicas para avaliação in vitro do efeito de produtos fitossanitários em Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2006. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1291.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The objective of this research was evaluation "in vitro" the effect of fungicides and herbicides on Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk). The five fungicides: epoxiconazole, fentin hydroxide, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole and carbendazim, and five herbicides: sulfentrazone, lactofen, imazethapyr, fenoxaprop and metribuzin were tested at two concentrations, on cells and spores, in nutrient agar (NA) - solid medium (SM), and in nutrient broth (NB) - liquid medium (LM), in addition to their metabolization (MT) by Btk. For cells, the phytosanitary products in NA were tested incorporated into the medium and on filter paper disks impregnated with the products. The evaluation consisted, respectively, of the number of CFU/mL and of the formation of an inhibition halo. For cells, the Bt+products+NB mixture was incubated in Erlenmeyer flasks (30± 2°C, 150rpm, 24h)an then the NB was diluted and inoculated onto NA; the number of CFU/mL was evaluated. The MT and spore tests were performed in liquid medium (water for MT and NB for spores). The effects of the products varied with the category (fungicide and herbicide), their concentrations, technique used, contact time, and developmental stage of the pathogen. The LM test is the most indicated to evaluate the effect of the products on cells. It was observed that most fungicides were compatible with cells, and only epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin were metabolized. The herbicides, independents of the concentrations, were incompatible with cells, and only sulfentrazone and imazethapyr were metabolized. Fentin hydroxide was the only product incompatible with spore
Objetivou-se comparar técnicas para a avaliação in vitro do efeito de fungicidas e herbicidas sobre Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk). Foram testados cinco fungicidas: epoxiconazole, fentin hidróxido, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole e carbendazin, e cinco herbicidas: sulfentrazone, lactofen, imazethapyr, fenoxaprop e metribuzin, em duas concentrações, sobre células e esporos, em ágar nutriente (AN) - sólido (MS) e caldo nutriente (CN) - líquido (ML), além da metabolização (MT) destes por Btk. Para células, em AN os fungicidas foram testados incorporados ao meio e em discos de papel-filtro impregnados nos produtos. Avaliou-se, respectivamente, as UFC/mL e a formação de halo de inibição. Para células, a mistura Bt+produtos+CN foi incubada em erlemmeyers (30± 2°C, 150rpm, 24h), e em seguida, o meio CN foi diluído e inoculado em AN, avaliando-se o número de UFC/mL. Os testes de MT e esporos foram realizados em líquido (água para MT e CN para esporos). O efeito dos produtos variou conforme a categoria destes (fungicida e herbicida), concentrações, técnica, tempo de contato e fase/estágio do desenvolvimento do patógeno. O teste ML é o mais indicado para a avaliação do efeito em células, sendo observado que a maioria dos fungicidas mostrou-se compatível às mesmas, e apenas epoxiconazole e azoxystrobin foram metabolizados. Os herbicidas, independentes das concentrações, foram incompatíveis com as células, e somente sulfentrazone e imazethapyr foram metabolizados. Fentin hidróxido foi o único produto incompatível com esporos
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Fagundes, Giovanna Garcia. "Analise do efeito da radiação de microondas sobre Anagasta Kuhniella Zeller (1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e seus dois agentes de controle biologico, Bracon hebertor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) e Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (H:3a3b)." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315391.

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Orientador: Mohamed Habib
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O conceito de Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) busca a utilização consciente de métodos de controle ambientalmente seguros e economicamente viáveis. Neste contexto, é de extrema importância o conhecimento das interações entre os agentes de controle a serem empregados, para garantir maior eficiência na implantação de tais programas. Tanto as microondas (300 a 300.000 MHz), como o Bacillus thuringiensis varo kurstaki e o ectoparasitóide Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) vêm sendo estudados isoladamente como promissores agentes de controle de pragas em produtos armazenados. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as respostas e relações do parasitóide Bracon hebetor, do seu hospedeiro natural, o piralídeo Anagasta kühniella Zeller (1879) e do entomopatógeno, B. thuringiensis varo kurstaki (Sorotipo H­3a:3b) à radiação de Microondas (2.450 MHz). o material entomológico foi coletado em moinho de farinha em Campinas, SP, e utilizado para dar início a criações laboratoriais . As condições adotadas neste trabalho foram de 25 ::!: 2 o C, 60 ::!: 10 % de umidade relativa (UR) e 12 horas de fotoperíodo. Para os biensaios de avaliação da sensibilidade de Bacillus thuringiensis varo Iwrstaki a microondas foram utilizadas amostras do produto Dipel (Abbot @), contendo o complexo esporo - cristal desta bactéria, 16.000 UII mg de virulência, formulação em pó molhável. Todos os bioensaios, envolvendo a utilização de radiação, foram realizados sob a potência máxima de um forno microondas Panasonic NN 7954 8H I K, operando na freqüência de 2.450 MHz. Tanto o piralídeo, como como o parasitóide, apresentaram uma relação positiva entre o aumento do tempo de exposição e a mortalidade, independentemente do estágio de vida avaliado. No caso de esporos de B. thur;ng;ens;s irradiados, esta relação foi visualizada no bioensaio realizado na concentração de 0,2%, a qual é próxima à CLso das larvas de terceiro estádio. Quanto à sensibilidade das diferentes fases de desenvolvimento de Anagasta kühn;ella à microondas observou-se a existência de um gradiente de sensibilidade entre os estágios de desenvolvimento do piralídeo : larvas de último estádio (TELso = 15,63 s) > larvas de terceiro estádio (TELso = 19,34 s) > adultos (TELso = 22,61 s) > ovos (TELso = 121,67 s), provavelmente decorrente de diferenças físico- químicas. Encontrou-se diferenças significativas quanto ao impacto de microondas nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento dos ovos de Anagasta kühn;ella (1 e 4 dias de idade) quando usado tempos de exposição subletais (10 e 30 segundos). Os ovos de 4 dias demonstraram ser mais sensíveis à radiação que os de 1 dia de idade. Já no caso das exposições letais (45, 60 e 90 segundos) não houve indício de diferenças nas duas etapas de desenvolvimento embrionário. As larvas que eclodiram dos ovos tratados com radiação não portavam nenhum tipo de alteração morfológica. Quanto à interferência do meio no impacto causado em larvas de último estádio por exposição à radiação não se constatou diferença significativa entre as larvas expostas diretamente (TELso = 15,63 s) e em meio de farinha de trigo integral (TELso = 16,28 s). A sintomatologia apresentada após o tratamento com radiação variou em função do tempo de exposição. Observou-se desde letargia, desfunção do sistema locomotor até dessecamento, escurecimento do tegumento e morte. A análise da influência da radiação na capacidade reprodutiva e na longevidade de adultos do piralídeo sobreviventes à exposição indicou que as microondas provocam alterações negativas em ambos os casos. Entretanto, a radiação não influiu na viabilidade dos ovos colocados pelas fêmeas tratadas. Os adultos de Bracon hebetor demonstraram um nível de tolerância à radiação de microondas bem maior (TELso = 106,57 s) que as larvas (TELso = 15,63 s) e adultos (TELso = 22,61 s) do seu piralídeo hospedeiro, Anagasta kühniella, enquanto as larvas do braconídeo (TELso = 20,31 s) aparentemente apresentam o mesmo nível de sensibilidade do píralídeo praga. A exposição do produto à base de Bacillus thuringiensis varo kurstaki à radiação de microondas, nas concentrações letais (2,6%) e sub-Ietais (0,02%) não influiu no seu potencial patogênico. Entretanto, na concentração próxima à letal mediana (CLso) observou-se que o aumento do tempo de exposição à radiação diminuiu a patogenicidade da bactéria. Sendo assim, a radiação de microondas apresentou-se como um método de controle bastante promissor para Anagasta kühniella criada em farinha de trigo integral. Pode ser empregado em ecossistemas de armazemagem deste produto em associação ao ectoparasitóide Bracon hebetor e ao Bacillus thuringiensis varo kurstaki
Abstract: The application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) means the utilization of efficient control methods which are ecologically safe and economicaly viable. Therefore, it is extremaly important to gather more information about the possible interactions between the different control agents, aimimg to optimize such a method. Microwaves (300 a 300.000 MHz), as well as Bacillus thuringiensis and the ectoparasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) are being studied individually by some institutions, as promissing control agents of some stored product pests. The present work was developed to study and evaluate the relations among the parasite Bracon hebetor, his natural host, Anagasta kühniella Zeller (1879), the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis' varo kurstaki (H- 3a:3b) and microwaves radiation. The mother culture of the pyralid and braconid species were initiated from live material collected from flour mills in Campinas municipality, state of São Paulo. The cultures were maintained and experiments were realized under controlled laboratory condítions of 25 :t 2° C, 60 :t 10 % R.H. and 12 hours of photoperiod. To evaluate the tolerance of B. thuringiensis to microwave radiation samples of the commercial product Dipel (Abbot) were utilized. This product contains 16,000 IUI mg and formulated as a wettable powder. The radiation treatments were undertaken utilizing the maximum potency of a domestic Panasonic microwave oven (NN 7954 BH/K, 2450 MHz). The mortality rate among the different developmental stages of the two insect species was observed to be positively related with the radiation exposure time. Among the Anagasta kühniella developmental stages, while the last instar larvae showed to be more sensitive to radiation (median letal exposure time, LET 50 = 15,63 s), the egg stage showed to be more resistant (LETso= 121,67 s). The third instar larvae, as well the adult stage, revealed a moderate sensitivity (LETso= 19,34 s and 22,61 s, respectively). Within the egg stage of Anagasta kühniella the full grow embryo showed to be more sensitive than newly deposited eggs. The impact of the direct exposition to microwaves on the full grow Anagasta kühniella larvae (LET so= 15,63 s) did not differ when compared with those larvae imbeded in their natural diet, whole wheat flour (LETso = 16,28 s). The sequence and intensity of the external symptoms, showed to be directly related to the duration time in which larvae of Anagasta kühniella were exposed to the microwave radiation. Letargy and locomotion desfunctions were the initial alterations. Dehydration and body wall darkening , reaching dark brown, were observed before death. The radiation also showed to be harmful to the adult stage of the same pyralidae species, reducing longevity as well as reproductive capacity. Bracon hebetor adults showed to be more resistant to radiation (LETso ::: 106,57 s) when compared to Anagasta kühniella adults (LETso = 22,61 s) and larvae (LET50 = 15,63 s). Samples of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki were exposed to different times of microwaves radiation (2450 MHz) and were ofered to third instar larvae of Anagasta kühniella in three different concentrations (0.02 %, 0.2% and 2.6%). This electromagnetic wave did not present any interference in the patogenicity of the entomopathogen in the extrem concentrations (0.02 and 2.6%). However, in the 0.2% concentration, next to LCso of the larvae, the patogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis was altered by the time of exposure to the radiation. Finally, radiation by microwaves could be considered as a promissing method, efficient and compatible with biological control ones, to participate in IPM programs of the Mediterranean Flour Moth, Anagasta kühniella
Mestrado
Parasitologia
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Fagundes, Giovanna Garcia. "Estudos Sobre os efeitos de um produto a base de Bacillus Thuringiensis var. Kurstaki em Ephestia Kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidade) e no seu Ectoparasitoide Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315358.

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Orientador: Mohamed E. M. Habib
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Ephestia kuhniella é uma expressiva praga de moinhos de trigo. Seu controle é feito basicamente através de produtos químicos sintéticos. Porém, devido aos inúmeros problemas causados ao ambiente e à saúde humana por estas substâncias, novas alternativas para o manejo deste lepidóptero vêm sendo buscadas. Neste sentido, pesquisas em controle biológico, físico e mecânico, entre outros, são fundamentais para embasar novos programas de manejo integrado (MIP) desta praga. Dentre os agentes de controle biológico, produtos à base do entomopatógeno Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) e o ectoparasitóide Bracon hebetor são considerados altamente eficientes no controle de E. kuehniella.Todavia, a inserção destes dois em programas de MIP depende de estudos sobre suas interações na regulação da densidade do piralídeo. Sendo assim, este trabalho propõe avaliar o impacto e as interações dos dois agentes de mortalidade sobre este piralídeo. Para tal buscou-se avaliar a susceptibilidade de larvas de E. kuehniella ao Btk; analisar os efeitos crônicos de Btk no desenvolvimento dos piralídeos sobreviventes; avaliar o impacto da patogenia causada pelo Btk nas larvas de E. kuehniella sobre o desenvolvimento do parasitóide; analisar possíveis interações de compatibilidade, antagonismo ou sinergismo entre o parasitóide e o entomopatógeno e avaliar a capacidade de B. hebetor de distinguir entre larvas sadias e infectadas por Btk. Os estudos foram realizados no Laboratório de Entomologia Aplicada, do Departamento de Zoologia da UNICAMP, sob condições controladas (25 ± 20 C; 70 ± 10 % de umidade relativa e 12 horas de fotofase). Com os critérios adotados, observou-se que a susceptibilidade de E. kuehniella variou inversamente em função do estádio de desenvolvimento larval. Desta forma, larvas de primeiro estádio apresentaram maior susceptibilidade ao produto à base do patógeno (CL50 = 0,05%; IC = 0,04 % ¿ 0,06 %), seguidas pelas larvas de terceiro, que apresentaram um nível intermediário (CL50 = 0,16%; IC = 0,12 % ¿ 0,20 %). Já as larvas de quinto estádio foram as menos susceptíveis ao Btk (CL50 = 1,77%; IC = 1,42 % ¿ 2,23 %). Os estudos de efeitos agudos e crônicos do patógeno sobre o desenvolvimento, reprodução e longevidade de E. kuehniella elucidaram o caráter variável da resposta biológica ao tratamento em função da idade larval, da concentração do Btk e do tempo de exposição. Larvas de primeiro (L1) e de quinto estádios apresentaram reduções na viabilidade dos estágios imaturos. Adultos xix oriundos de larvas de primeiro e terceiro estádios sobreviventes a tratamento com Btk não apresentaram efeitos crônicos em termos de capacidade reprodutiva e longevidade. Porém, os adultos que se originaram de indivíduos tratados no quinto estádio larval apresentaram menor capacidade reprodutiva. Já a viabilidade dos seus ovos não diferiu do grupo testemunha. A longevidade do piralídeo foi diminuída quando estes adultos foram expostos ao contato direto com o produto microbiano. Este efeito indireto provavelmente foi decorrente do estresse provocado pelo odor do produto. O Btk também foi indiretamente responsável pela redução na capacidade de B. hebetor paralisar e parasitar larvas de E. kuehniella. Adultos do braconídeo rejeitaram larvas hospedeiras que manifestavam sintomas da bacteriose. A redução da viabilidade dos imaturos do braconídeo variou em função da concentração e do tempo de exposição ao tratamento. Todavia, a longevidade dos adultos obtidos desta F1 não foi alterada. O inseticida microbiano também provocou efeitos indiretos sobre a longevidade dos adultos do braconídeo decorrentes do odor/ contato, com este. A ingestão de mel contendo Btk também diminuiu significativamente a longevidade do ectoparasitóide. Através dos estudos de escolha e olfatometria, pode-se constatar que a localização do hospedeiro por B. hebetor não é alterada em função da infecção por Btk. Mas, a aceitação das larvas para o parasitismo variou inversamente à concentração do patógeno e ao tempo de tratamento do hospedeiro. Desta forma, a maior rejeição ocorreu nos lotes onde havia a maior proporção de larvas doentes e manifestando sintomas evidentes da patogenia. Em condições laboratoriais, a ação do patógeno, nas concentrações aqui avaliadas, associada ao parasitóide, para o controle de E. kuehniella, apresentou a mesma eficiência que o parasitóide isoladamente. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que Btk e B. hebetor atuam de maneira complementar no controle de populações dessa traça, dependendo de quem a atinge primeiro. Se o programa de MIP visa trabalhar com introduções alternadas desses dois agentes biológicos visando controle de larvas em diferentes estádios, haveria uma vantajosa compatibilidade entre estes, que permite a não utilização de produtos químicos, evita a seleção de resistência pelo Btk na população alvo e contorna o problema gerado pelo número de partículas de insetos presentes em produtos para consumo humano, como as farinhas, decorrente da introdução contínua de parasitóides
Abstract: Ephestia kuehniella is a very important pest, attacking wheat flour in mills and stored places. Due to the negative impact of the chemical control methods, alternative agents are being studied to reach more safety and more satisfactory results. Some biological, physical and mechanical components should be adequate to be includes in integrated pest management programs (IPM) to reduce the injury of this lepidopterous pest. Within the biological agents, Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and the braconid wasp Bracon hebetor are considered very efficient in controlling, separately, E. kuehniella populations. However, the insertion of these two agents in IPM programs needs some studies concerning the interaction between them and their natural pyralid host. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between Btk and B. hebetor, in addition to evaluate their efficiency in controlling E. kuehniella. Within such a purpose some approaches were studied, such as: susceptibility of E. kuehniella larvae to Btk; chronic effects of Btk on the survived individuals; effect of diseased and survived E. kuehniella larvae on B. hebetor development; compatibility between the two biological agents and B. hebetor capacity to distinguish between healthy and diseased hosts. All experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of 25 ± 20C, 70 ± 10% R. H. and 12 hours of photophase (Department of Zoology, IB, UNICAMP). The pyralid larval susceptibility varied according to the age. The young larvae (L1) showed to be more susceptible than the old ones (L3 and L5). The CL50s were calculated as 0,05%; 0,16% and 1,77% for the first, third and fifth instars respectively. The acute as well as the chronic effects of Btk on E. kuehniella development varied according to the exposure time, age and pathogen concentration. Adults originated from survived E. kuehniella larvae did not show any biological or structural alterations, when the pathogen was applied against the first and thirdinstar larvae. On the other hand, adults originated from survived 5th instar larvae suffered reduction in their reproductive capacity. The egg viability in all these cases did not reveal any significant differences when compared with testimony block. The direct contact of Btk commercial product resulted in reduced longevity among E. kuehniella adults. Reduction in longevity was also detected when B. hebetor females were kept in contact with the same product. The braconid female parasite was able to distinguish between healthy and diseased host larvae, avoiding to attack the later. Parasitization capacity was reduced when the wasp female was able to deposit its eggs in pyralid larvae during the initial phase of the bacterial disease. B. hebetor adult longevity was reduced when parasitoid wasps were fed on honey containing Btk. Combinations between the two biological agents did not result in any synergistic effect under the conditions of the present study, and both of then could be recommended to be applied in wheat mills
Doutorado
Parasitologia
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
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Rodriguez, Portilla Liz Mayra Isabel. "Evaluación de coadyuvantes para el mejoramiento de la entomotoxicidad de Bacillus thuringiensis biovar kurstaki (Berliner) sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9953.

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Evalúa y selecciona un agente fotoprotector y un agente fagoestimulante que permita mejorar la actividad entomotóxica de B. thuringiensis sobre larvas de S. frugiperda. Para ello, se evaluó el espectro de absorbancia de 9 agentes fotoprotectores, la compatibilidad con B. thuringiensis y además de exposición a la luz artificial del sol (UV A y UVB); seleccionándose al Ac. Ascórbico como el mejor agente fotoprotector compatible con B. thuringiensis. Para la selección del fagoestimulante se realizaron pruebas de preferencia alimenticia con larvas neonatas de Spodoptera frugiperda así como la evaluación de la compatibilidad con B. thuringiensis seleccionándose la hoja de maíz tratada. Se evaluó mediante bioensayos la efectividad de los agentes seleccionados observándose una disminución del DL50 cuando se adicionaron fagoestimulante y fotoprotector a la cepa comparándose con la cepa sola y sometiéndola a radiación UV durante 4 y 8 horas.
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Ozcelik, Hayriye. "Productivity Analyses In Fermentations With Three Different Biolarvacides." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604988/index.pdf.

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The development of insecticides resistance among many insect species and the ecological damage occasionally caused by the lack of specificity in the toxic effects of insecticides have provided the impetus to seek alternative methods of insect control. This observation led to the development of bioinsecticides based on the insecticidal action Bacillus sphaericus (Bs), Bacillus turingiensis (Bt). The discovery of biolarvicidal actions of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus opened a new perspective for insect control. In the first part of the study was initiated to determine a suitable fermentation medium formulation and optimal fermentation conditions for large scale, low cost production of Bs. Bs 2362 was tested in whey and soy flour based media. These media was reformulized form of NYSM (Nutrient Broth Yeast Extract Sporulation Medium). Soy flour based medium, SYSM, gave the promising results in terms of cell yield, sporulation frequency and toxin production. In the second part of the study, fermentation productivity anlaysis of a local isolate Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki 81 was evaluated. In order to compare different C:N ratios (1:1, 2:1, 4:1, 8:1, 10:1 20:1 and 30:1) of YSM medium. Btk 81 were run for 72 h and cell growth, sporulation and toxin protein profile of Btk 81 were determined for each. When all the quantitative toxin data for both glucose and sucrose varying C:N ratios were compared, it was determined that the crystal protein concentrations had the highest value in sucrose based medium when C:N ratio was 10:1. Regulation by C:N ratio of crystal protein biosynthesis was investigated for improving the production of this protein by our third candidate strain Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ONR60. The experiments were performed by using TBL medium, at three different C:N ratios, 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 respectively. In view of the cell growth characteristics and bioassy results, TBL medium designed with 2:1 C:N ratio was chosen as the best for further steps. In addition, running time of the culture determined as 60 hours as was also determined in the previous experiment. As the last step of this study, the pre-determined optimal conditions were applied to a 30L batch type fermentor for toxin production by using Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis ONR60. Unfortunately, the toxicity was not satisfactory, being much below the level of that expected as based on the results of the laboratory scale studies.
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Vilani, Andréia. "Atividade de produtos fitossanitários naturais sobre Anticarsia gemmatalis hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Bacillus thuringiensis subesp. kurstaki e seletividade a Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/461.

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Conhecer os efeitos dos produtos fitossanitários naturais (PFN) sobre insetos praga e organismos não alvo é fundamental no contexto do Manejo Integrado de Pragas. Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade de PFN sobre Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), esporos e cristais de Bacillus thuringiensis subesp. kurstaki (Btk) e a seletividade sobre Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Foram utilizados os extratos de pitanga (Eugenia uniflora), pimenta (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum), trombeta (Brugmansia suaveolens) e uva-do-japão (Hovenia dulcis), à 5%, Natuneem®, Natualho®, Pironat®, Rotenat® e Calda Bordalesa (CB), na concentração recomendada pelo fabricante. Para esporos, os tratamentos Btk + PFN e Btk, isoladamente, foram incubados em agitador horizontal (150 rpm, 30 ± 2 ºC, 2 h) e, inoculados em meio de cultura ágar nutriente (AN), em placas de Petri. Foram preparadas quatro placas (repetições), acondicionadas em câmara climatizada (30 ± 2 ºC, 18 h), quantificando-se as unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC)/mL. Para cristais, os PFN e Btk, isoladamente, água destilada esterilizada (testemunha) e Btk + PFN, após incubação, nas condições descritas acima, foram aplicados sobre cubos de dieta artificial para A. gemmatalis, em placas de Petri, que receberam 20 lagartas de segundo ínstar, cada. Foram preparadas quatro placas (repetições), acondicionadas em câmara climatizada (26 ± 2 ºC, UR: 70%±10 % fotofase 14 h). Avaliou-se a mortalidade após, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 h, o percentual de empupamento e emergência e o período ovo-adulto. A seletividade sobre A. mellifera foi avaliada pulverizando-se os tratamentos sobre operárias e adicionando-os a pasta Cândi. Como testemunha utilizou-se respectivamente água destilada esterilizada e pasta Cândi pura. Em ambos os experimentos utilizou-se 30 operárias por tratamento (repetição), individualizadas em tubos de vidro (10 cm × 2,5 cm), acondicionados em câmara climatizada (25 ± 2 °C, U.R. 70% ± 10%, fotofase de 12 h) e a mortalidade, avaliada a uma; duas; três; quatro; cinco; seis; nove; 12; 15; 18; 21; 24; 30; 36; 42; 48; 60; 72 e 96 h. Verificou-se que os extratos de pitanga, pimenta e uva-do-japão reduziram significativamente as UFC/mL. O extrato de pitanga foi o único que afetou negativamente a toxicidade dos cristais de Btk. Nenhum extrato vegetal afetou a mortalidade, não havendo diferença entre os tempos de avaliação, nem o empupamento, emergência e período ovo-adulto. Na mistura com Btk o extrato de pitanga retardou a mortalidade e o extrato de pimenta acelerou a mortalidade. Nos experimentos com A. mellifera, houve redução significativa, apenas para o extrato de uva-do-japão, quando pulverizado. Os produtos Natuneem® e Rotenat® aumentaram significativamente as UFC/mL. Somente a CB afetou negativamente a toxicidade dos cristais de Btk. Nos demais parâmetros, observou-se redução significativa do percentual de empupamento para CB e Natualho®e percentual de emergência para CB e Natuneem®. Entre os tempos de avaliação, não houve influência dos produtos isolados, na mistura com Btk Natualho®, Pironat®, Rotenat® aceleraram a mortalidade e a CB influenciou negativamente. Não se verificou atividade dos produtos sobre o período ovo-adulto. Para A. mellifera, em ambos os experimentos, os produtos não afetaram significativamente a longevidade.
Knowing the effects of natural products phytosanitary (NPP) on pests and organisms target is not essential in the context of Integrated Pest Management. This study aimed to evaluate the activity of PFN on Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), spores and crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) and selectivity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). We used extracts of cherry (Eugenia uniflora), pepper (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum), trumpet (Brugmansia suaveolens) and Blueberry japan (Hovenia dulcis), to 5%, Natuneem®, Natualho®, Pironat®, Rotenat® Bordeaux and Syrup (SB), the concentration recommended by the manufacturer. For spores, the treatments Btk + NFP and Btk alone were incubated on horizontal shaker (150 rpm, 30 ± 2 ° C, 2 h) and inoculated onto nutrient agar plates (NA), in petri dishes. We prepared four plates (repetitions), placed in a climatic chamber (30 ± 2 º C, 18 h), quantifying the colony forming units (CFU) / mL. To crystals, the PFN and Btk alone sterilized distilled water (control) and Btk + NFP after incubation under the conditions described above were applied on artificial diet cubes for A. gemmatalis, in Petri dishes, which received 20 second instar larvae of each. We prepared four plates (repetitions), placed in a climatic chamber (26 ± 2 º C, RH 70% ± 10% photophase 14 h), evaluating mortality after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, the percentage empupament and the emergence and egg-adult period. The selectivity of A. mellifera was evaluated by spraying treatments on workers and adding them to pasta Candi. As a control we used respectively sterile distilled water and paste Candi pure. In both experiments, we used 30 workers per treatment (repeat), individually in glass tubes (10 cm × 2.5 cm), packed in a climatic chamber (25 ± 2 ° C, RH 70% ± 10%, photophase 12 h) mortality, assessed by one, two, three, four, five, six, nine, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h. It was found that the extracts of cherry, pepper and Blueberry japan significantly reduced CFU / mL. The cherry extract was the only negatively affecting toxicity of Btk crystals. No plant extract affected the mortality, there was no difference between the time of evaluation, nor empupament, emergence and egg-adult period. In mixture with Btk cherry extract delayed the mortality and pepper extract accelerated mortality. In experiments with A. mellifera, was significantly reduced only to extract Blueberry japan, when sprayed. Natuneem® products and Rotenat® were the only ones who have significantly increased CFU / mL. Only the SB negatively affected the toxicity of Btk crystals. Ns other parameters, there was significant reduction in the percentage of empupament for SB and Natualho® and percentage of emergency and SB Natuneem®. Between the time of evaluation, no influence of individual products, the mix with Btk Natualho®, Pironat®, Rotenat® accelerated mortality and SB negatively influenced. There was no activity of the products on the egg-adult period. To A. mellifera, in both experiments, the products did not significantly affect longevity.
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Books on the topic "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki"

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Onken, Amy. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki on non-targets bibliography. Morgantown, WV: National Center of Forest Health Management/Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 1995.

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Onken, Amy. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki on non-targets bibliography. Morgantown, WV: National Center of Forest Health Management/Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 1995.

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McDowell, David Gordon. A Study of plasmid biology in "Bacillus thuringiensis" subspecies "kurstaki" HD1-Dipel. [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.

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Surgeoner, Gordon A. Review of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) for use in forest pest management programs of Ontario - with special emphasis on the aquatic environment. Guelph, Ont: Dept. of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, 1989.

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G, Crerar Linda, and Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture., eds. 2001 gypsy moth eradication project, involving application of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, trapping of male gypsy moths, and search for egg masses where necessary. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2001.

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Lee, Faulconer, and Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture., eds. The 2007 Gypsy Moth Eradication Project: Involves application of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, and project monitoring utilizing pheromone baited traps during the summers of 2007 and 2008. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2007.

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Lee, Faulconer, and Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture., eds. The 2006 Gypsy Moth Eradication Project: Involves application of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, and project monitoring utilizing pheromone baited traps during the summers of 2006 and 2007. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2006.

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Lee, Faulconer, and Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture., eds. The 2005 Gypsy Moth Eradication Project, involves application of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, and project monitoring utilizing pheromone baited traps during the summers of 2005 and 2006. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2005.

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Lee, Faulconer, and Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture., eds. The 2004 Gypsy Moth Eradication Project: Involves application of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, and monitoring utilizing pheromone bated [i.e., baited] traps during the summers of 2004 and 2005. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2004.

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Lee, Faulconer, and Washington (State). Dept. of Agriculture., eds. The 2004 Gypsy Moth Eradication Project, involves application of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, and project monitoring utilizing pheromone bated [i.e. baited] traps during the summers of 2004 and 2005. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki"

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Miller, Jeffrey C. "Monitoring the Effects of Bacillus Thuringiensis Kurstaki on Nontarget Lepidoptera in Woodlands and Forests of Western Oregon." In Nontarget Effects of Biological Control, 277–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4577-4_16.

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Donegan, K. K., and R. J. Seidler. "Effect of Transgenic Cotton Expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Endotoxin on Soil Microorganisms — Risk Assessment Studies." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 299–312. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80373-4_20.

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Graham, T. L., L. S. Watrud, F. J. Perlak, M. T. Tran, P. B. Lavrick, M. A. Miller-Wideman, P. G. Marrone, and R. J. Kaufman. "A Model Genetically Engineered Pesticide: Cloning and Expression of the Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp. Kurstaki δ-Endotoxin into Pseudomonas Fluorescens." In Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions, 385–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71652-2_37.

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Capalbo, D. M. F., and I. O. Moraes. "Use of agro-industrial residues for bioinsecticidal endotoxin production by Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis or kurstaki in solid state fermentation." In Advances in Solid State Fermentation, 475–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0661-2_39.

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ADANG, MICHAEL J., KEN F. IDLER, and THOMAS A. ROCHELEAU. "Structural and Antigenic Relationships among Three Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki." In Biotechnology in Invertebrate Pathology and Cell Culture, 85–99. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-470255-4.50011-0.

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Smitha, R. B., Sailas Benjamin, and Prakashkumar R. "Fermentation Strategies for the Production of α - Amylase and δ - endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki." In Fermentation Strategies for the Production of α - Amylase and δ - endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki, 02–195. Avid Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29290/fspaebtk.1.1.2018.2-195.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki"

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Alwa, Amira, and Samir Jaoua. "Investigation of Bacillus Thuringiensis Plasmid Instability and its Effect on the Synthesis of Crystals." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0107.

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In order to explore plasmid instability in Bt, four Bt strains belonging to two Bt subspecies were cultured at 42°C for 9 days. HD1 and QBT376 belong to subspecies kurstaki, while H14 and QBT218 belong to subspecies israelensis. Results showed 100% crystal loss for H14 and QBT218, while 76% and 90% crystal loss for HD1 and QBT376, respectively, showing that cry-carrying plasmids are more stable in Bt kurs. than in Bt isr.. HD1, QBT376, and QBT218 cured clones showed significant protease activity compared to their non-cured counterparts. Microscopic observation revealed the delay of sporulation for high number of HD1 and QBT376 cry- clones, while the absence of spores in several H14 and QBT218 cry- clones. Spo-cry- clones of Bti strains had irregular elongated cell shape. Kinetics/day of plasmid curing for H14 and QBT218 showed H14 to have higher pBtoxis plasmid stability. The number of vegetative cells in Bti strains increased with the increase of curing period. As an attempt to create hybrid Bt strains, cry1Aa gene was extracted to transform cured and non-cured strains.
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Tarigan, Analisa, Siti Sumarmi, and Sukirno. "Effectiveness of Aloe (Aloe vera L.) as a protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki against ultraviolet light and biological control agenst of (Spodoptera litura Fab.)." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015743.

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Ningrum, Arum Dianastiti, and Siti Sumarmi. "The extract of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) as protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki against ultraviolet light for control of armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fab.) larvae." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015744.

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Reports on the topic "Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki"

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Blackburn, Laura M., Donna S. Leonard, and Patrick C. Tobin. The use of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki for managing gypsy moth populations under the Slow the Spread Program, 1996-2010, relative to the distributional range of threatened and endangered species. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-rp-18.

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