Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bacilos gram-negativos'
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Filho, Mário Augusto Heluany. "Uso de simbiótico para descolonização de pacientes hospitalizados portadores de bacilos Gram-negativos multidrogarresistentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-29082016-114807/.
Full textIn recent decades the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative nosocomial infections has been dramatically raising in the whole world. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recognized nosocomial infections due to MDR pathogens as a global concern due to its negative impact on patients, health-care workers and health-care institutions, affecting developed countries as well as developing ones. They negatively impact in-hospital mortality and health-care related costs. Hand hygiene promotion, antibiotic stewardship and contact precautions are the main available measures to control such MDR Gram-negative organisms in hospitals. However, they are only partially effective as well as difficult to be implemented and expensive. Therefore, simpler and more effective actions are thought to be helpful and urgent. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of the administration of a symbiotic product on patients harboring Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria upon the subsequent rates of decolonization of these pathogens from the gastro-intestinal tract.This is a double-blinded and placebo controlled randomized clinical trial evaluating the oral/enteral daily administration of 1010 units of Lactobacillus bulgaricusplus 1010 units of Lactobacillus rhamnosus associated with fructo-oligosacharide (FOS), or placebo, for 7 days, to 101 patients previously colonized by MDR Gram-negative bacteria, identified through selective culture of rectal swab. The primary study outcome was the rate of complete decolonization of the MDR microorganism from the gastro-intestinal tract following the intervention. In the \"modified intention to treat\" analysis, decolonization rates observed were 16.7% (8/48) in the experimental group and 20.7% (11/53) in the placebo group (p=0,600). In the \"per protocol\" analysis, decolonization rates were 18.9% (7/37) in the experimental group and 23.3% (7/30) in the placebo group (p=0,659). In a logistic regression model, symbiotic use did not produce any impact on the chance of decolonization (OR=0.80, CI95%=0.28-2.27, p=0.678). Mild to moderate adverse events occured similarly in both the placebo (7.55%) and the experimental group (6.25%), (p=1,000). No severe adverse event potentially related to the medications was detected during the study period. In the present study conditions, the results obtained lead to the conclusion that the studied symbiotic proved to be ineffective to decolonize patients harboring multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
Carneiro, Marcelo. "Terapia com polimixina B em infecção de corrente sanguínea por bacilos Gram-negativos multirresistentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/118338.
Full textBackground: Polymyxins are usually the last resort therapy for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR GNB) bloodstream infections (BSIs), combination with another antimicrobial has been used despite the lack of clinical evidence supporting such practice. Objetive: We aimed to assess the use of intravenous polymyxin B in combination with another antimicrobial in comparison with polymyxin B as a single drug for CR GNB BSIs, adjusting for a propensity score for indication of combination therapy. Patient and methods: We compared combination versus monotherapy with polymyxin B for CR GNB BSIs, adjusting for a propensity score for indication of combination therapy. It was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-hospital including 99 patients. Results: The overall 30-day mortality was 43.4%: 40.7% (24 of 59) and 47.5% (19 of 40), P=0.51, in patients receiving combination and monotherapy, respectively. Severe sepsis/ septic shock at BSI onset higher Pitt bacteremia score and neoplasia were independently associated with higher 30-day mortality in a Cox-regression model. Combination therapy was not significantly associated with this outcome (Hazard Ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.36); P=0.29). Although not significant, there was a tendency to a beneficial effect of combination in patients with Enterobacteriaceae CR GNB BSIs. There was no difference in development of AKI in patients receiving combination therapy compared to those receiving monotherapy. Conclusions: There was no difference in 30-day mortality in patients with CR GNB BSIs treated with polymyxin B in combination with another antimicrobial compared with polymyxin B alone. The routine practice of combining a second antibiotic in polymyxins-based regimes, especially if the bacteria present in vitro resistance to the agent, still lacks support from clinical studies.
Salomão, Mariana Corrêa Coelho. "Uso de simbiótico para prevenção de infecções hospitalares em pacientes colonizados e/ou infectados por bacilos Gram-negativos multirresistentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-25052015-105126/.
Full textIn recent decades the incidence of multidrug resistant Gram-negative nosocomial infections has been dramatically raising in the whole world. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recognized nosocomial infections as a global concern due to its negative impact on patients, health care workers and health care institutions, affecting developed countries as well as developing ones. They negatively impact in-hospital mortality and healthcare related costs. Antibiotic stewardship, hand hygiene promotion and contact precautions are the main available measures to control such multidrug resistant Gram-negative organisms in hospitals. However, they are only partially effective as well as difficult to be implemented and expensive. Therefore, simpler and more effective actions are thought to be helpful and urgent. In the main study, we propose to analyze the impact of the administration of a symbiotic product on patients colonized and/or infected by Gram-negative multidrug resistant bacteria upon the subsequent incidence of respiratory and urinary tract nosocomial infections. A randomized, double- blinded, placebo controlled, clinical trial was proposed in order to provide oral or enteral daily administration of 1010 units of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and 1010 units of L. rhamnosus associated with fructo-oligosacharide (FOS) during 7 days, to previously colonized patients with multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, identified through selective culture of rectal swab, hospitalized in a tertiary-care hospital. The primary outcome was the incidence of nosocomial infections after the intervention, which in the intention to treat analysis was 18/48 (37,50%) in the experimental group versus 12/53 (22,64%) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio= 1,95, IC95%= 0,69-5,50, p=0,21). Secondary outcomes, according to intention to treat analysis, were hospital length of stay: median of 17 days in the control group and 31 days in the symbiotic group (p= 0,07), mortality rates: 3,77% in the placebo group versus 8,33% in the experimental group (adjusted odds ratio = 1,34, IC95%= 0,45 4,00, p= 0,61) and adverse effects: 7,55% in the control group and 6,25% in the intervention group (p= 1,00). The results of this study leads to the conclusion that the studied symbiotic proved to be ineffective to prevent nosocomial respiratory and urinary tract infections in patients colonized and/or infected by Gram-negative multi-resistant bacteria.
Sousa, Rafaela Rogério Floriano de. "Pesquisa de genes de resistência a quinolonas em bacilos Gram negativos de origem clínica e ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-27032014-091736/.
Full textIntroduction. Quinolones are synthetic antimicrobial agents that inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes resulting in bacterial death. They are highly effective in the treatment of bacterial infections, especially the ones caused by Gram negative bacteria, as well as for prophylaxy. Therefore they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. However, indiscriminate and improper use led to an increase of bacteria resistance to these compounds. This resistance can be due to mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes and also by genes contained in plasmids, which are mainly responsible for the spread and transmission of resistance between the environment and the hospital set. Objectives. To search for genes of resistance to quinolone antimicrobial agents in Gram-negative bacteria from clinical and environmental strains that present phenotypic resistance to this group. Material and Methods. 73 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp., from clinical and environmental origin, were selected for this study, and evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility of quinolone and search of resistance genes in this same group and also for mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme DNA gyrase by PCR and sequencing. Results. Of the 73 strains previously selected to compose this study, 65 were used, due to the exclusion of similar clonal profiles. In these, genes qnrS1 (1.5 per cent ), qnrS2 (26.2 per cent ) qnrB1 (3.1 per cent ), qnrB19 (12.3 per cent ) qnrD1 (1.5 per cent ) aac(6\')-Ib-cr (10.8 per cent ) oqxA (43.1 per cent ) and oqxB (41.5 per cent ) were observed, and two variants were named as qnrB-like (3.1 per cent ) and qnrB69-like (1.5 per cent ). The qnrA, qnrC and qepA genes were not identified. Mutations in DNA gyrase enzyme were observed in 97.9 per cent of the positive strains for at least one of the genes studied. It was possible to establish the association of aac(6\')-Ib-cr with class 1 integron gene in four strains. Complete sequencing and characterization of plasmid qnrD1, where the gene was inserted, was performed. Conclusions. This study reports, for the first time in Brazil, the occurrence of qnrS2, oqxA and oqxB genes, the association between genetic element integron class 1 gene and the aac (6 \')-Ib-cr, and qnrD1 gene and the characterization of the complete plasmid where this was inserted. qnrB1, qnrB19, and aac(6\')-Ib-cr genes, previously only reported in clinical strains, were observed in environmental strains. The results of this study show a high frequency of quinolone-resistance genes for both clinical and environmental isolates, warning about the spread of resistance through different sources, and the possible maintenance of these genes by environmental strains.
Yauri, Condor Katherine Silvia. "Desempeño de cinco métodos fenotípicos para la detección de metalobetalactamasas en bacilos gram negativos tipificados genotípicamente." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4954.
Full textTesis
Menezes, Mareliza Possa de. "Perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos de cocos gram-positivos e bacilos gram-negativos isolados do ambiente e sítio cirúrgico superficial de cães /." Jaboticabal, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192891.
Full textResumo: As infecções causadas por organismos resistentes a múltiplos fármacos (multi-drug resistance – MDR) estão associadas à maior morbidade, mortalidade e aumento significativos nos custos com cuidados da saúde. Cocos Gram-positivos e bastonetes Gram-negativos são os grupos de bactérias mais frequentemente relacionadas a infecção do sítio cirúrgico em cães. Dentro do contexto de saúde única, é imperativo o aprimoramento contínuo de métodos de avaliação de contaminação e infecção bacteriana no ambiente hospitalar veterinário. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil de resistência de cocos Gram-positivos e bastonetes Gram-negativos isolados nas mãos do cirurgião, antes e após a desinquinação, no ambiente e sítio cirúrgico, durante o transoperatório de cirurgias limpas/limpas-contaminadas (G1;n=20) e cirurgias contaminadas (G2;n=10). Das 150 amostras coletadas, as do ambiente (n=30) foram obtidas pela exposição de placa com ágar Brain Heart Infusion na sala cirúrgica durante o procedimento, enquanto as do sítio cirúrgico (n=60) e as das mãos do cirurgião (n=60) foram coletadas por cotonete estéril e semeadas em ágar sangue e MacConkey. Todas as placas foram incubadas a 37ºC por 24h em estufa bacteriológica sob condições anaeróbias. Colônias sugestivas de cocos Grampositivos e bastonetes Gram-negativos foram submetidas a testes bioquímicos para identificação dos gêneros. Por fim, foi realizado o teste de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos por disco difusão em ágar Müller-Hinton... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and health care spending. Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli are bacterial species frenquently related with surgical site infections in dogs. In the context of one health, become necessary the continuous improvement of evaluation methods of bacterial infection and contamination in the veterinary hospital environment. The present project aims to evaluate the antimicrobial profile of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli isolated of the surgical site and room during the intraoperative period and of the surgeon’s hands, before and after antisepsis. All samples were obtained during intraoperative of clean/cleancontaminated (G1) and contaminated surgery (G2). A total of 153 samples were collected, of which the environmental samples were obtained by exposure of Brain Heart Infusion agar plate in the surgical room during the procedure and samples from the surgical site and surgeon’s hands were collected by swabs and seeded on blood and Macconkey agar. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 24h. Suggestive bacterial colonies for Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were submitted to biochemical test for genus differentiation. Finally, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Forty-three isolates with morphological and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. and 13 of Gram-negative bacilli were obtained. W... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Sánchez, Céspedes Javier. "Implicación de diversos mecanismos de resistencia a quinolonas en bacilos Gram-negativos: Diseño de una nueva fluoroquinolona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/693.
Full textDesde la aparición de las quinolonas, las resistencias bacterianas a las mismas han evolucionado de forma paralela. Conforme han ido apareciendo nuevas moléculas con mayor capacidad bactericida y mejores parámetros farmacodinámicos y farmacocinéticos, también se han ido identificando nuevos y más sofisticados mecanismos de resistencia, que se han ido adaptando a las necesidades de cada momento. Es por ello que se hace necesaria una nueva metodología para el diseño y la síntesis de nuevos agentes antibacterianos con el objetivo de aumentar su potencia antibacteriana y, al mismo tiempo, disminuir la probabilidad de generar a corto plazo nuevos mecanismos de resistencia. Con este fin, es fundamental conocer todos los mecanismos de resistencia y cuál es, en detalle, su mecanismo de acción, para poder diseñar nuevas moléculas capaces de, manteniendo su capacidad bactericida, eludir dichos mecanismos.
En esta tesis nos propusimos como objetivos fundamentales, en primer lugar, investigar las bases moleculares de los mecanismos de resistencia a quinolonas en bacterias Gram-negativas. En concreto, en Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica y Citrobacter freundii. Por otro lado, se llevaron a cabo cálculos de acoplamiento o "docking" mediante la utilización de programas informáticos con el fin de incrementar nuestros conocimientos respecto al modelo de interacción entra ADN-ADN girasa-quinolona, para de esta manera mejorar nuestra comprensión de los mecanismos de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas asociados a las mutaciones más comúnmente encontradas en el gen gyrA. Finalmente, el último de los objetivos que nos propusimos fue el de diseñar, sintetizar y evaluar diferentes derivados de ciprofloxacino y norfloxacino con el fin de encontrar entre ellos alguno que tuviera la capacidad de interaccionar con la enzima ADN girasa, poseyendo ésta uno o dos cambios aminoacídicos en su subunidad A.
Nogueira, Márcia Furlan [UNESP]. "Estudo de Paramyxovirus, Mycoplasma e de bacilos Gram-negativos no trato respiratório de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101309.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus foram avaliadas em três ocasiões: assim que retiradas da natureza e entregues ao Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP) da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, após um período de quarentena e depois da permanência por aproximadamente 90 dias em uma baia externa. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue para realização de hemograma e sorologia para Paramyxovirus Ofídico (OPMV), swab de glote e lavado traqueopulmonar, para avaliação citológica e pesquisa de OPMV, Mycoplasma e bacilos Gram-negativos. Nos animais que foram a óbito realizaram-se necropsias e pesquisas dos microrganismos citados em traquéia e pulmão. Cepas de Salmonella, Pseudomonas e Aeromonas isoladas foram submetidas a testes de susceptibilidade a drogas. Na primeira colheita (n = 51), os títulos ao teste de inibição da hemaglutinação foram considerados inespecíficos e duas serpentes foram positivas para o OPMV, ao nested PCR. Na quarentena, nove exemplares vieram a óbito, duas das quais mostraram-se positivas para o OPMV. Na segunda colheita (n = 42), os títulos mantiveram-se, porém nove serpentes foram positivas para o OPMV, duas das quais ao teste de hemaglutinação da cultura de células VERO, tornando-se este o primeiro relato do isolamento do OPMV a partir de um animal vivo. Na baia externa, 24 animais foram a óbito, dos quais 23 foram positivos para o OPMV. Na terceira colheita (n = 18), os títulos variaram de 160 a 5.120, e amostras de todas as serpentes foram positivas para o OPMV. Na avaliação citológica, estes lavados apresentaram elevada celularidade com características de processo inflamatório de misto a macrofágico. Salmonella e Pseudomonas foram isoladas a partir de todas as colheitas, porém Aeromonas apenas de amostras de órgãos. Dentre as drogas testadas, os três gêneros de interesse... .
Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes were evaluated in three occasions: as soon as they were captured from nature and delivered at the Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP) - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; after quarantine; and after spent nearly 90 days in an outside enclosure. Blood samples were collected for hematology and Ophidian Paramyxovirus (OPMV) serology, and glottis swabs and tracheal washings for cytological evaluation, OPMV, Mycoplasma and Gramnegative bacilli search. Dead animals were necropsied and the abovementioned microorganisms investigated in trachea and lung. Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolated strains were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests. In the first sampling (n = 51), the titles to the hemagglutination inhibition test were considered negative and two snakes were nested PCR positives to OPMV. During quarantine, nine specimens died, and two of them were positives to OPMV. In the second sampling (n = 42), titles had no change, but nine snakes turned positive to OPMV, two of them in the hemagglutination test of the VERO cells culture, what is the first report of the OPMV isolation from a live animal. In the external enclosure, 24 animals died, with 23 revealing to be OPMV positive. In the third sampling (n = 18), serological titles ranged from 160 to 5,120, and samples from all snakes were OPMV positives. In the cytological evaluation, these washings showed to be highly cellular with features of mixed cell to macrophagic inflammation. Salmonella and Pseudomonas strains were isolated in all three samplings, but Aeromonas only from trachea and lung samples. Among all the tested drugs, the three bacterial genera were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin and enrofloxacin. The isolation of Mycoplasma was not obtained. Nematodes of the genus Rhabdias were observed in the tracheal washings. OPMV was the microorganism isolated in... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Nogueira, Márcia Furlan. "Estudo de Paramyxovirus, Mycoplasma e de bacilos Gram-negativos no trato respiratório de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus /." Botucatu, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101309.
Full textAbstract: Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes were evaluated in three occasions: as soon as they were captured from nature and delivered at the Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP) - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; after quarantine; and after spent nearly 90 days in an outside enclosure. Blood samples were collected for hematology and Ophidian Paramyxovirus (OPMV) serology, and glottis swabs and tracheal washings for cytological evaluation, OPMV, Mycoplasma and Gramnegative bacilli search. Dead animals were necropsied and the abovementioned microorganisms investigated in trachea and lung. Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas isolated strains were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility tests. In the first sampling (n = 51), the titles to the hemagglutination inhibition test were considered negative and two snakes were nested PCR positives to OPMV. During quarantine, nine specimens died, and two of them were positives to OPMV. In the second sampling (n = 42), titles had no change, but nine snakes turned positive to OPMV, two of them in the hemagglutination test of the VERO cells culture, what is the first report of the OPMV isolation from a live animal. In the external enclosure, 24 animals died, with 23 revealing to be OPMV positive. In the third sampling (n = 18), serological titles ranged from 160 to 5,120, and samples from all snakes were OPMV positives. In the cytological evaluation, these washings showed to be highly cellular with features of mixed cell to macrophagic inflammation. Salmonella and Pseudomonas strains were isolated in all three samplings, but Aeromonas only from trachea and lung samples. Among all the tested drugs, the three bacterial genera were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin and enrofloxacin. The isolation of Mycoplasma was not obtained. Nematodes of the genus Rhabdias were observed in the tracheal washings. OPMV was the microorganism isolated in... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Magalhães Lopes
Coorientador: João Pessoa Araújo Junior
Doutor
Campos, Juliana Coutinho. "Estudo genotípico e fenotípico de bacilos Gram-negativos produtores de carbapenemase do tipo New Delhi metalo-β-lactamase." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-18102017-152216/.
Full textCarbapenems are the antimicrobials most widely used in the empirical treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli. The selective pressure generated by the use of these antibiotics over the last three decades has contributed to the spread of enterobacteria and Gram-negative non-fermenting producing carbapenemases, mainly KPC and NDM. Genes encoding these enzymes are usually located in plasmids and/or transposons. Currently the most accepted hypothesis is that the blaNDM-1 gene is a chimera created in Acinetobacter baumannii. The NDM-1 was described in a patient from India and subsequently was reported to be broadly disseminate in this country. The epidemiology that has been observed in cases detected in Europe and United States is traveling to India, but no autochthonous cases. In Brazil, the first cases were identified in Rio Grande do Sul, and then in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Differently from the cases described in Europe and North America, the cases from Brazil have no epidemiological link with India. The complete sequencing of plasmids and chromosomes harboring blaNDM gene will understanding how the dissemination of this resistance mechanism in Brazil occurs. In this work we will be evaluate the susceptibility profile of the isolates, and their conjugal capacity and clonality. Of the twenty-eight samples used in this study, thirteen of them belong to the species Enterobacter hormaechei, one to Citrobacter freundii, seven to Escherichia coli, four to Klebsiella pneumoniae and three to the genus Acinetobacter sp. The first two isolates included in this study (Escherichia coli and Enterobacter hormaechei) were isolated in August 2013, from the same rectal swab sample from a patient from Rio de Janeiro that never traveled abroad. Complete sequencing of plasmid DNA using Illumina platform and annotation of both plasmids harboring the blaNDM-1 gene revealed that they belong to different incompatibility groups, IncFIIK (E. hormaechei) and IncX3 (E. coli), and are harbor to a new transposon designated Tn3000. The comparison of the Tn3000 nucleotide sequence with those available at GenBank shows that the same structure is present in plasmids from other Porto Alegre and also in different continents. The Acinetobacter species (A. radioresistens, A. ursingii and A. guillouiae) isolated in São Paulo and Porto Alegre, have the blaNDM-1 gene harbored in a single non-typing plasmid of 41,087 bp. The evaluation of clonal relationship of Enterobacter hormaechei \"subsp. oharae\" showed two different profiles by PFGE technique; of note all microorganisms were isolated from an outbreak in the same hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from a single patient hospitalized in Salvador, from different anatomical sites - rectal swab, blood culture and urine, in chronological order - obtained the same clonal profile by the PFGE technique. The same occurred with three Escherichia coli isolates, from the same patient from Rio de Janeiro, in swab rectal strains. Our findings suggest that in Brazil, Nepal, Morocco and India there is a spread of blaNDM-1 gene mediated by Tn3000 in enterobacteria. The detection of a same plasmid in different species of Acinetobacter shows that in this bacterial genus, in Brazil, the dissemination of the blaNDM-1 gene occurs by conjugation.
Bertoncheli, Claudia de Mello. "Identificação de metalo-β-lactamases em bacilos gram-negativos não fermentadores isolados no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5877.
Full textIn recent years, the isolation of bacteria producing β-lactamases has caused concern around the world, due to the fact these enzymes hydrolysis the ring β-lactam antimicrobials used in the main clinic. This aim of this study was asses the prevalence metallo-β-lactamases (MbL) in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii obtained from patients admitted at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM). The profile of susceptibility for all isolates was evaluated by the disk diffusion method standardized by CLSI. The antimicrobial disks were distributed in a way that allows the identification of strains producers of AmpC and ESBL. For the identification of the producers of MbL the test of disk approximation with EDTA 0.1 M, EDTA 0,5M and acid 2-mercaptopropionic were performed. Isolates that did not have any of the mechanisms of resistance search were classified as multiresistant (MDR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ceftazidima, imipenem and polymyxin B was assessed by broth method microdilution for all isolated, according to CLSI. From January to June 2006, were obtained 32 isolates the P.aeruginosa and 41 the A. baumannii, the those 17 (23.29%) were β-lactamase AmpC-type producers, 11 (15.07%) were MbL producers, and 45 (61,64%) were classified as MDR. All strains producing MbL were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sensitivity of the isolates according to the CIM for antimicrobial evaluated were: 90,28% for polymyxin B, 36,11% for imipenem and 18% for ceftazidima. There was a high prevalence of MDR isolates and producers of β-lactamase-type AmpC and MbL in HUSM, this is extremely worrying once there is limiting therapy available. This situation becomes even more worrying with the find of isolates resistant the polymyxin B, witch is one of the last options of treatment for MDR isolates and producers of MbL. The detection of microorganisms is extremely important for the committees of infection hospital with the goal of preventing outbreaks, as well as guide the medical team on the conduct therapy, since there are few effective antimicrobial clinically for these pathogens and no prospects for development the new antimicrobial in the near future.
Nos últimos anos, o isolamento de bactérias produtoras de β-lactamases tem causado preocupação em todo o mundo, devido ao fato dessas enzimas hidrolisarem o anel β- lactâmico dos principais antimicrobianos utilizados na clínica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de metalo-β-lactamases (MbL) em isolados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii obtidos de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM). O perfil de sensibilidade para todos os isolados foi avaliado pelo método de disco difusão padronizado pelo CLSI. Os discos de antimicrobianos utilizados foram distribuídos de forma que permitisse a identificação dos isolados produtores de AmpC e ESBL. Para a identificação dos produtores de MbL utilizou-se o teste de disco aproximação com os seguintes agentes quelantes: EDTA 0,1M, EDTA 0,5 M e ácido 2-mercaptopropiônico. Os isolados que não possuíam nenhum dos mecanismos de resistência pesquisados foram classificados como multirresistentes (MDR). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para ceftazidima, imipenem e polimixina B foi avaliada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo para todos os isolados, de acordo com o CLSI. Durante o período de janeiro a junho de 2006 foram obtidos 32 isolados de P.aeruginosa e 41 de A. baumannii, destes 17 (23,29%) foram produtores de β-lactamase do tipo AmpC, 11 (15,07%) foram produtores de MbL e 45 (61,64%) foram classificados como MDR. Todas as cepas produtoras de MbL foram de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A sensibilidade dos isolados de acordo com a CIM para os antimicrobianos avaliados foram as seguintes: 90,28% para polimixina B, 36,11% imipenem e 18% ceftazidima. Observou-se uma alta prevalência de isolados MDR no HUSM, além de isolados produtores de β-lactamase do tipo AmpC e MbL, o que é extremamente preocupante devido limitar a terapia a poucos antimicrobianos. Esta situação torna-se ainda mais preocupante com a detecção de isolados resistentes a polimixina B, a qual é uma das últimas opções de tratamento para infecções causadas por isolados de P. aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii MDR e produtores de MbL. A detecção desses microrganismos é de grande importância para as comissões de controle de infecção hospitalar com o objetivo de prevenir surtos, bem como orientar a equipe médica sobre a conduta terapêutica, uma vez que há poucos antimicrobianos efetivos clinicamente para esses patógenos e as perspectivas para o desenvolvimento de novos antimicrobianos em um futuro próximo são mínimas.
Santos, Ana Cláudia Moro Lima dos. "Influência dos fatores clínicos e microbiológicos na evolução das peritonites por Bacilos Gram-negativos não fermentadores em diálise peritoneal." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153914.
Full textResumo: Peritonite por bacilos Gram-negativos não fermentadores (BGNNF) é complicação importante da diálise peritoneal (DP), com curso clínico grave e elevada taxa de falência do método. Fatores associados à virulência, resistência antimicrobiana, formação de biofilme, entre outros, têm sido relatados, mas o limitado conjunto de evidências não permite concluir sobre os fatores responsáveis pelo pior curso clínico dessas infecções. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das características microbiológicas, das condições clínicas do paciente e do tratamento na evolução de peritonites por BGNNF, ocorridas num único centro, em período de 18 anos. A sensibilidade in vitro aos antimicrobianos, produção de biofilme, além da análise do perfil clonal das bactérias pela técnica de eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado foram realizadas em todos os isolados bacterianos. Foram pesquisados genotipicamente, em isolados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a presença de marcadores de virulência (alginato, exoenzima S, fosfolipases C, exotoxina A, protesase alcalina, elastase e ramnolipídeos). Associações entre as características microbiológicas do paciente e tratamento com a taxa de resolução da peritonite foram estudadas. A espécie mais frequente foi Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45,59%), seguida por isolados do complexo Acinetobacter baumannii (17,65%). O estudo dos fatores de virulência da Pseudomonas aeruginosa revelou a presença de fatores de virulência em 100% dos casos, exceto exoenzima S (58,33%)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Peritonitis due to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), with a severe clinical course and high technique failure rate. Factors as bacterial virulence, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, among others, have been reported, but the limited amount of evidence does not allow to conclude on the factors responsible for the worst clinical course of these infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the microbiological characteristics, patients conditions, and treatment on evolution of peritonitis episodes at a single center in an 18 - year period. In vitro susceptibility, biofilm production, and clonal profile analysis of bacteria by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed in all isolates. The presence of virulence markers (alginate, exoenzyme S, phospholipases C, exotoxin A, alkaline protease, elastase, and ramnolipids) was genotyped in bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From the data referring to the patient and causal agent, associations between the microbiological, patient characteristics, and treatment on the resolution rate of peritonitis were analyzed. The most frequent species was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45.59%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii complex (17.65%). The study of the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed the presence of virulence factors in 100% of the cases, except for exonzyme S (58.33%) and hemolytic phospholipase C ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Kotaka, Cinthia Regiane. "Avaliação do nível de contaminação microbiana e prevalência de bacilos gram-negativos não fermentadores da água de equipos odontológicos." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, 2005. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000111192.
Full textAims: Microbiological evaluation of the water used in dental units, identification of Gram-negative nonfermentative rods (GNNR) and their ability to adhere to polystyrene and antimicrobial activity of disinfectants on the identified strains. Methods and Results: The heterotrophic bacteria count and GNNR identification were performed on water samples collected from 25 dental units (air/water syringe and reservoir). Of the collected samples from air/water syringe, 88% were out of the potability standards, as were 68% of the samples from reservoirs. In 88% of the dental units, the number of isolated bacteria from the reservoir was lower than from the air/water syringe. Several GNNR genus were isolated, being Methylobacterium spp. found in highest percentage (19.7%). The GNNR were assessed for their capability to adhere to polystyrene and for the antimicrobial activity to the following disinfectants: sodium hypochlorite (0.06%, 0.12%, 0.25%, 0.5%) and chlorhexidine (0.03%, 0.06%, 0.12%). 85.04% of the samples showed weak adherence to polystyrene. Sodium hypochlorite at 0.25% inactivated 100% of GNNRs in 10 minutes, while the highest tested concentration chlorhexidine (0.12%) inactivated 98.5%. Conclusions: These results indicate a need for treatment of the water used in dental units. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides information on the problem of dental unit waterlines (DUWL) contamination. The decontamination of DUWL can be performed with sodium hypochlorite at 0.25% (half the concentration preconized in the literature). However, further studies regarding DUWL decontamination frequency are necessary.
Oliveira, Priscila Rosalba Domingos de. "Impacto da restrição ao uso da cefepima na sensibilidade dos bacilos Gram-negativos em infecções hospitalares de um hospital ortopédico terciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-25112010-140914/.
Full textBACKGROUND: In recent decades, antimicrobial resistance has become a public health problem globally. The interaction between antibiotic consumption and resistance development is of particular interest with respect to the Gramnegative bacilii (GNB), whose growing resistance to available antibiotics has represented a great challenge for the treatment of infections caused by them. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the restriction on the use of cefepime on the profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of GNB involved in nosocomial infections in a orthopaedic tertiary hospital. METHODS: In May 2007, the use of cefepime was restricted at our hospital. We compared the data on occupation, hospital mortality rates and general hospital infection in two periods: from May 2005 to May 2007 (24 months prior to the restriction on the use of cefepime first period) and May 2007 to May 2009 (24 months after this restriction second period). Data on antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance profile of GNBrelated nosocomial infections in both periods were also analyzed and compared. RESULTS: There were no differences between the two periods in the average hospital stay in days and in hospital mortality rate. There was no significant difference in overall rates of nosocomial infection between periods. The use of amikacin, aztreonam, ertapenem and levofloxacin increased statistically significant (p <0.05) in second period, while consumption of cefepime, imipenem/cilastin and colistin decreased significantly (p <0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of GNB as agents in cases of nosocomial infection in the two periods studied. A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. were the most frequent GNB in both periods. After the restriction of cefepime, the susceptibility of A. baumanii improved to gentamicin (p = 0.001) and worsened to imipenem (p <0.001). There was no difference in susceptibility to antimicrobials for P. aeruginosa between the two periods. In the second period of this study, the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae improved to ciprofloxacin (p = 0.049). After the restriction of cefepime, the susceptibility of Enterobacter spp. improved to ciprofloxacin (p = 0.043). There was no significant change in the incidence of Extented spectrum beta lacmamasis (ESBL)producing Enterobacteriaceae. CONCLUSIONS: After implementation of the restriction to cefepime, there was no difference in overall incidence of GNB as cause of infection. For A. baumanii, after the restriction, there was an improvement in the susceptibility to gentamicin and worsening to imipenem. For P. aeruginosa, no significant changes in susceptibility were observed. Regarding K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. significant improvement in sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was observed. There were no differences in the incidence of ESBLproducing K. pneumoniae and E. coli between the two periods studied
Carvalho, Vladimir Cordeiro de. "Osteomielite por bacilos Gram-negativos: estudo comparativo das características clínico-microbiológicas e fatores de risco com as infecções por Staphylococcus aureus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-14082013-105434/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Bone and joint infection remains a serious therapeutic challenge, despite the high success rate observed with antibiotic therapy in most bacterial disease since the end of 1930 decade. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most studied and the most frequently isolated pathogen, but there is insufficient information in medical literature regarding Gram- negative bacilli (GNB) osteomyelitis. OBJECTIVES: Describe clinical and microbiological characteristics of Gram-negative bacilli osteomyelitis. Establish evolving differences and risk factors for the occurrence of GNB osteomyelitis, compared to S. aureus osteomyelitis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients with GNB osteomyelitis treated at Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas - School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo from january 2007 to january 2009. Only bone or bone marrow aspirate samples were included. RESULTS: 89 patients were included in S. aureus group and 101 patients were included in GNB group. Patients in GNB group were mostly male (63%), with median age of 42 years. At presentation, they had chronic osteomyelitis (43%) and acute open-fracture associated osteomyelitis (32%), in the lower limbs (71%), with a discharging sinus as the main clinical sign (69%). When compared to S. aureus group, GNB group was statistically associated with a previous history of open-fracture (35% vs. 18%; p=0.0064), showed a longer length of hospital stay (median 41 vs. 24 days; p=0.0114), a higher number of days to isolate the infective bacteria (median 10 vs. 6,5 days; p=0.0042), a longer use of antibiotics (median 40 vs. 24 days; p=0.0329), a higher number of surgical procedures (mean 3,41 vs. 2,47; p=0.0173) and a higher rate of soft- tissue reconstruction (31% vs. 9%; p=0.0005). S. aureus group was statistically associated with spine osteomyelitis (23,6% vs. 6.9%; p=0.0008). 121 Gram-negative pathogens were isolated from 101 clinical samples and the most frequent agents were Enterobacter spp. (24.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (21.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GNB osteomyelitis were mainly young, male, with lower limb trauma and developed chronic and open- fracture associated osteomyelitis. Patients in GNB group had a higher number of surgical procedures, a higher rate of soft-tissue reconstruction, a longer length of hospitalization, a longer time to isolate the infective bacteria and a prolonged use of antibiotics, when compared to patients in S. aureus group. A previous history of open-fracture was the main risk factor to development of GNB osteomyelitis, compared to S. aureus group
Rodrigues, Fernanda Saad. "Fatores associados à aquisição nosocomial de bacilos gram-negativos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu em diferentes estações do ano um estudo tipo caso-controle /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153211.
Full textResumo: Seasonality of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) has been recently reported, especially involving Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Factors underlying this phenomenon were not elucidated. It is theoretically conceivable it reflects seasonal variations in traditional risk factors for those infections. With this in mind, we conducted a study to analyze the interplay of season, weather and usual predictors of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB-BSI). The study had a retrospective, case-only desing. It was conducted in the teaching hospital from Botucatu School of Medicine (450 beds). The study enrolled 446 patients with GNB-BSI caused by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii, diagnosed from July 2012 through June 2016. Demographic data, comorbidities, invasive procedures and use of antimicrobials were reviewed in medical charts. The season in which GNB-BSI occurred, as well as weather parameters of the day of diagnosis, were recorded. We analyzed factors associated with occurrence of GNB-BSI in different seasons (with winter as reference category) and caused by different GNB (reference category, E. coli). Univariate and multivariable models of polytomous (multinomial) logistic regressions were used for analysis. In multivariable analysis, GNB-BSI diagnosed in summer were more likely to be caused by Klebsiella spp. (OR, 5.33; 95%CI, 2.04-13.96) or A. baumannii (OR, 2.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Seasonality of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) has been recently reported, especially involving Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Factors underlying this phenomenon were not elucidated. It is theoretically conceivable it reflects seasonal variations in traditional risk factors for those infections. With this in mind, we conducted a study to analyze the interplay of season, weather and usual predictors of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB-BSI). The study had a retrospective, case-only desing. It was conducted in the teaching hospital from Botucatu School of Medicine (450 beds). The study enrolled 446 patients with GNB-BSI caused by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii, diagnosed from July 2012 through June 2016. Demographic data, comorbidities, invasive procedures and use of antimicrobials were reviewed in medical charts. The season in which GNB-BSI occurred, as well as weather parameters of the day of diagnosis, were recorded. We analyzed factors associated with occurrence of GNB-BSI in different seasons (with winter as reference category) and caused by different GNB (reference category, E. coli). Univariate and multivariable models of polytomous (multinomial) logistic regressions were used for analysis. In multivariable analysis, GNB-BSI diagnosed in summer were more likely to be caused by Klebsiella spp. (OR, 5.33; 95%CI, 2.04-13.96) or A. baumannii (OR, 2.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Núñez, Pereira Susana. "Influencia de la colonización del tracto urinario por bacilos gram negativos en el desarrollo de infección aguda de la herida quirúrgica tras cirugía vertebral instrumentada." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129338.
Full textInfluence of urinary tract colonization on surgical site infection by gram negative bacteria following instrumented spinal surgery. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a relative frequent complication following instrumented spinal surgery. Infection rates do vary depending on the type of surgery, the length of the instrumentation and the patient’s comorbidities among many other factors. The most common microorganism is S.aureus. During the last decade, an increasing rate of SSI due to gram negative bacteria (GNB) has been reported. GNB are common enteral microorganisms, which may colonize the urinary tract but are not likely to be isolated at the patient’s skin. Hence, contamination of the surgical wound by GNB might be related with the presence of these microorganisms at the urinary tract. This study focuses on the possible association between urinary tract colonization and further development of SSI. The first part of the study analyses the potential benefits of preoperative screening of urine tract colonization. Based on the literature, we established the following selection criteria for patients at risk of urinary tract colonization: indwelling catheter, incontinency, neurogenic bladder, preoperative stay length longer than seven days, history of repetitive urinary tract infections and admission from other health care facilities. All patients fulfilling one of these criteria had a preoperative urinary study. Those who finally had positive urinary cultures received antibiotic treatment before surgery. Personalized broad-spectrum perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was administered covering the microorganisms isolated at the urine cultures. This measure showed a statistically significant decrease on the incidence of SSI by GNB. The second part of the study covers the potential relation between postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) and SSI. The association found between both infections was strong (OR 3.54, CI 95% 1.9-6.5, p<0.001), but only in 40% of the patients were both infections caused by the same microorganism. However, 38% of the SSI by GNB had a urinary source, suggesting that preventing and treating UTI could be helpful in order to prevent SSI by GNBs. We additionally investigated the effect of the antibiotic treatment administered for UTI in the resistance patterns of the microorganisms isolated at the surgical wound. Interestingly, patients who received ciprofloxacin for the treatment of UTI had higher resistance rates to this agent at the wound isolates. Ciprofloxacin, in combination with other antibiotics is one of the best agents for treatment of infected wounds following muskuloskeletal surgery. Using alternative antibiotics to treat non-complicated UTIs is recommended in order to avoid resistances and reserve ciprofloxacin to treat a SSI if it finally occurs. The results of treatment after SSI following instrumented spinal surgery have not been deeply studied until now. We performed a survival analysis of patients treated for this complication following the Kaplan-Meier method. Terminal event was defined as the need for removal of the instrumentation. Implant removal before achieving fusion means that the goals of the index surgery have probably not been achieved due to the infectious complication. Survival rate decreased progressively during the first to years o follow-up until 73.2 %. More than half of the patients who had their implants removed continued to have infectious complications and needed significantly more additional surgeries than those whose implants could be retained. Outcomes were similar in patients with infection by GNB or by gram positive bacteria.
Barandas, Guilherme Mayrink. "Caracterização de Bacilos Gram-Negativos Não Fermentadores não usuais em bacteremias pelas técnicas de Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption IonizationTime of Flight Mass Spectrometry, sequenciamento de DNA e método fenotípico convencional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9548.
Full textAlguns Bastonetes Gram-negativos não fermentadores (BGNNF) costumam ser considerados clinicamente pouco significantes e a sua implicação em infecções é subestimada. Devido à similaridade fenotípica, mudanças taxonômicas, baixa reatividade bioquímica e limitações nos bancos de dados em sistemas comerciais, a identificação de BGNNF é frequentemente equivocada, culminando com a denominação de diferentes micro-organismos apenas como BGNNF, por falta de melhor diferenciação. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, por métodos fenotípico convencional, proteômico e molecular, a identificação de BGNNF incomuns isolados em hemoculturas de pacientes atendidos em um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro. Foram selecionadas 78 amostras isoladas de hemoculturas caracterizadas no laboratório clinico como BGNNF para a identificação por sequenciamento dos genes 16S RNA e recA, por um conjunto amplo de testes fenotípicos manuais e por MALDI-TOF MS. Os micro-organismos predominantes na amostragem foram genotipados pela técnica de eletroforese em gel de campo pulsado (PFGE). Pelo sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, a maioria das amostras (n=31; 40%) foi incluída no gênero Burkholderia, seguido de Pseudomonas stutzeri (10%) e Delftia acidovorans (4%). Os demais isolados foram agrupados em 27 diferentes espécies. O sequencimento do gene recA identificou a maioria das espécies de Burkholderia como Burkholderia contaminans (n=19; 24%). Os testes fenotípicos incluíram as 31 amostras apenas no CBc e para as outras 47 amostras, a concordância com o sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA em nível de espécie foi de 64% (n=30) e apenas em gênero a concordância foi de 17% (n=8). A análise comparativa geral da identificação por MALDI-TOF MS com o sequenciamento do gene16S rRNA mostrou que 42% (n=33) das 78 amostras foram concordantes em nível de espécie e 45% (n=35) apenas em gênero. Excluindo as amostras do CBc, houve um aumento da concordância em nível de espécie para 60%. As discordâncias parecem ser devido às diferenças nos perfis proteicos das amostras em relação às amostras-referência do banco de dados do equipamento e podem ser aprimorados com a atualização de perfis no sistema. A análise do polimorfismo genético de B. contaminans mostrou a ausência de um clone disseminado causando surto, além da provável origem ambiental das infecções. Os setores de nefrologia e hemodiálise contribuíram com maior número de pacientes com amostras positivas (5 pacientes e 9 amostras). Os grupos clonais BcoD e BcoE foram encontrados em pacientes assistidos no mesmo setor com diferença de quatro meses (BcoD, nefrologia) e 1,5 ano (BcoE, hemodilálise), entre as culturas, respectivamente. As discordâncias entre as técnicas ocorreram principalmente devido a dificuldade de identificação das espécies do CBc. Os BGNNF incomuns são de difícil caracterização independente da metodologia usada e nenhum método por si só foi capaz de identificar todas as amostras.
Some nonfermenting Gram-negative Bacilli (NFGNB) are considered of low clinical significance, and their implication in infections is usually underestimated. Due to their phenotypic similarities, frequent taxonomic changes and low biochemical reactivity, as well as to limitations of bacterial identification commercial system databases, these NFGNB are frequently misidentified and are collectively referred to as NFGNB group, in the lack of a better differentiation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the conventional phenotypic method, the proteomic matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectometry method (MALDI-TOF MS) and of molecular methods (16S RNA and recA gene sequencing) in the identification of 78 unusual NFGNB isolated from blood cultures of pacients treated at an university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Clonality of the predominant species identified within these isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). By the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, most strains (n = 31; 40%) were included in the Burkholderia spp. followed by Pseudomonas stutzeri (n = 8; 10%), Delftia acidovorans (n = 3; 4%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 3; 4%). The remaining bacterial isolates were included in 27 different species. By the recA gene sequencing technique, most bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), samples were classified as Burkholderia contaminans (n=19; 24%). Phenotypic tests provided accurate identification of all 31 isolates included in the BCC by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. For the other 47 samples, agreement of the results obtained with these two techniques in species and genus level identifications occurred in 30 (63,8%) and 17 samples (36,2%), respectively. The results obtained by the MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods agreed at species and genus levels in 33 (42%) and 35 isolates (45%), respectively. When bacteria from the BCC were excluded from the analysis, the agreement between the two techniques at species level increased to 60%. Misidentification by the MALDI-TOF MS method may be due to differences in protein spectra between the samples and the reference strains in the equipment database. PFGE analysis of B. contaminans isolates revealed the absence of a disseminate clone causing an outbreak, and the probable environmental source of infections. The nefrology ang dialisis sectors contributed to the greatest number of patients with positive cultures (5 pacients and 9 isolates). Clones BcoD and BcoE were found in blood cultures of pacientes treated in a same sector with differences of 4 months (BcoD, nefrology) and 1.5 year (BcoE, dialisis). The misidentifications occurred mainly due to the hard differentiation of BCC species. Unusual NFGNB are of difficult characterization whatever the methodology used and no method alone was able to identify all the isolates.
Sandoval, Pérez Jorge Jean. "Factores de riesgo asociados a infección del tracto urinario por bacilos gram negativos beta lactamasa de espectro extendido adquiridos en la comunidad atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2017. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/956.
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