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Journal articles on the topic 'Back-arc basins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Martinez, Fernando, Kyoko Okino, Yasuhiko Ohara, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, and Shana Goffredi. "Back-Arc Basins." Oceanography 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.85.

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2

Kalra, Rajesh, Roberto Fainstein, and Srinivas Chandrashekar. "Unexplored deepwater basins of North Andaman Sea." Leading Edge 39, no. 8 (August 2020): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39080551.1.

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Deepwater basins of the North Andaman Sea in the northern edge of the Far East Archipelago were assessed recently by state-of-the-art seismic technology. The North Andaman Sea embraces several Tertiary basins consisting of a forearc basin, a volcanic arc, and a back-arc basin. Their massive but largely unknown stratigraphy consists of deeper Neogene lacustrine and deltaic sediments that infill basal synrift half-grabens, blanketed by massive sequences of the Late Oligocene, Miocene, and recent strata. In the extensional forearc, the deeper seismic marker horizons were structurally mapped and identified by acoustic impedance contrasts as carbonates, mass-transport complexes, synrift, and basement. The shallower Pliocene and Pleistocene sequences are dominated by low-seismic-velocity hemipelagic clays that were investigated using seismic attributes and seismic inversion. In the back arc, the relatively larger graben features were affected by tectonic inversion contemporaneous with the foundering of the basin into deep water in the Late Miocene. In the forearc and back arc, main hydrocarbon plays are the rimmed Early Miocene carbonate platforms, the paralic and deltaic sediments beneath the platform, and the deepwater clastics of hemipelagic clays and sands that form the dominant strata of the Mio-Pliocene. This modern seismic exploration involved acquisition, processing, and interpretation to assess the hydrocarbon prospectivity of undrilled deepwater regions in the forearc and back arc.

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3

Magni, Valentina, John Naliboff, Manel Prada, and Carmen Gaina. "Ridge Jumps and Mantle Exhumation in Back-Arc Basins." Geosciences 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11110475.

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Back-arc basins in continental settings can develop into oceanic basins, when extension lasts long enough to break up the continental lithosphere and allow mantle melting that generates new oceanic crust. Often, the basement of these basins is not only composed of oceanic crust, but also of exhumed mantle, fragments of continental crust, intrusive magmatic bodies, and a complex mid-ocean ridge system characterised by distinct relocations of the spreading centre. To better understand the dynamics that lead to these characteristic structures in back-arc basins, we performed 2D numerical models of continental extension with asymmetric and time-dependent boundary conditions that simulate episodic trench retreat. We find that, in all models, episodic extension leads to rift and/or ridge jumps. In our parameter space, the length of the jump ranges between 1 and 65 km and the timing necessary to produce a new spreading ridge varies between 0.4 and 7 Myr. With the shortest duration of the first extensional phase, we observe a strong asymmetry in the margins of the basin, with the margin further from trench being characterised by outcropping lithospheric mantle and a long section of thinned continental crust. In other cases, ridge jump creates two consecutive oceanic basins, leaving a continental fragment and exhumed mantle in between the two basins. Finally, when the first extensional phase is long enough to form a well-developed oceanic basin (>35 km long), we observe a very short intra-oceanic ridge jump. Our models are able to reproduce many of the structures observed in back-arc basins today, showing that the transient nature of trench retreat that leads to episodes of fast and slow extension is the cause of ridge jumps, mantle exhumation, and continental fragments formation.

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4

Stern, Robert J., Ping-Nan Lin, Julie D. Morris, Michael C. Jackson, Patricia Fryer, Sherman H. Bloomer, and Emi Ito. "Enriched back-arc basin basalts from the northern Mariana Trough: implications for the magmatic evolution of back-arc basins." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 100, no. 1-3 (October 1990): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(90)90186-2.

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5

Loreto, Maria Filomena, Camilla Palmiotto, Filippo Muccini, Valentina Ferrante, and Nevio Zitellini. "Inverted Basins by Africa–Eurasia Convergence at the Southern Back-Arc Tyrrhenian Basin." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030117.

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The southern part of Tyrrhenian back-arc basin (NW Sicily), formed due to the rifting and spreading processes in back-arc setting, is currently undergoing contractional tectonics. The analysis of seismic reflection profiles integrated with bathymetry, magnetic data and seismicity allowed us to map a widespread contractional tectonics structures, such as positive flower structures, anticlines and inverted normal faults, which deform the sedimentary sequence of the intra-slope basins. Two main tectonic phases have been recognised: (i) a Pliocene extensional phase, active during the opening of the Vavilov Basin, which was responsible for the formation of elongated basins bounded by faulted continental blocks and controlled by the tear of subducting lithosphere; (ii) a contractional phase related to the Africa-Eurasia convergence coeval with the opening of the Marsili Basin during the Quaternary time. The lithospheric tear occurred along the Drepano paleo-STEP (Subduction-Transform-Edge-Propagator) fault, where the upwelling of mantle, intruding the continental crust, formed a ridge. Since Pliocene, most of the contractional deformation has been focused along this ridge, becoming a good candidate for a future subduction initiation zone.

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6

Langmuir, C., A. Bezos, S. Escrig, and S. Parman. "Hydrous mantle melting at ridges and back-arc basins." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.691.

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7

Romagny, Adrien, Laurent Jolivet, Armel Menant, Eloïse Bessière, Agnès Maillard, Albane Canva, Christian Gorini, and Romain Augier. "Detailed tectonic reconstructions of the Western Mediterranean region for the last 35 Ma, insights on driving mechanisms." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020040.

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Slab retreat, slab tearing and interactions of slabs are first-order drivers of the deformation of the overriding lithosphere. An independent description of the tectonic evolution of the back-arc and peripheral regions is a pre-requisite to test the proposed conceptual, analogue and numerical models of these complex dynamics in 3-D. We propose here a new series of detailed kinematics and tectonic reconstructions from 35 Ma to the Present shedding light on the driving mechanisms of back-arc rifting in the Mediterranean where several back-arc basins all started to form in the Oligocene. The step-by-step backward reconstructions lead to an initial situation 35 Ma ago with two subduction zones with opposite direction, below the AlKaPeCa block (i.e. belonging to the Alboran, Kabylies, Peloritani, Calabrian internal zones). Extension directions are quite variable and extension rates in these basins are high compared to the Africa-Eurasia convergence velocity. The highest rates are found in the Western Mediterranean, the Liguro-Provençal, Alboran and Tyrrhenian basins. These reconstructions are based on shortening rates in the peripheral mountain belts, extension rates in the basins, paleomagnetic rotations, pressure-temperature-time paths of metamorphic complexes within the internal zones of orogens, and kinematics of the large bounding plates. Results allow visualizing the interactions between the Alps, Apennines, Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt, Betic Cordillera and Rif, as well as back-arc basins. These back-arc basins formed at the emplacement of mountain belts with superimposed volcanic arcs, thus with thick, hot and weak crusts explaining the formation of metamorphic core complexes and the exhumation of large portions of lower crustal domains during rifting. They emphasize the role of transfer faults zones accommodating differential rates of retreat above slab tears and their relations with magmatism. Several transfer zones are identified, separating four different kinematic domains, the largest one being the Catalan-Balearic-Sicily Transfer Zone. Their integration in the wider Mediterranean realm and a comparison of motion paths calculated in several kinematic frameworks with mantle fabric shows that fast slab retreat was the main driver of back-arc extension in this region and that large-scale convection was a subsidiary driver for the pre-8 Ma period, though it became dominant afterward. Slab retreat and back-arc extension was mostly NW-SE until ∼ 20 Ma and the docking of the AlKaPeCa continental blocks along the northern margin of Africa induced a slab detachment that propagated eastward and westward, thus inducing a change in the direction of extension from NW-SE to E-W. Fast slab retreat between 32 and 8 Ma and induced asthenospheric flow have prevented the transmission of the horizontal compression due to Africa-Eurasia convergence from Africa to Eurasia and favored instead upper-plate extension driven by slab retreat. Once slab retreat had slowed down in the Late Miocene, this N-S compression was felt and recorded again from the High Atlas to the Paris Basin.

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8

Loreto, Maria Filomena. "Editorial of Special Issue “Tectonics and Morphology of Back-Arc Basins”." Geosciences 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020086.

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9

Di Giulio, Andrea, Chiara Amadori, Pierre Mueller, and Antonio Langone. "Role of the Down-Bending Plate as a Detrital Source in Convergent Systems Revealed by U–Pb Dating of Zircon Grains: Insights from the Southern Andes and Western Italian Alps." Minerals 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070632.

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In convergent zones, several parts of the geodynamic system (e.g., continental margins, back-arc regions) can be deformed, uplifted, and eroded through time, each of them potentially delivering clastic sediments to neighboring basins. Tectonically driven events are mostly recorded in syntectonic clastic systems accumulated into different kinds of basins: trench, fore-arc, and back-arc basins in subduction zones and foredeep, thrust-top, and episutural basins in collisional settings. The most widely used tools for provenance analysis of synorogenic sediments and for unraveling the tectonic evolution of convergent zones are sandstone petrography and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon. In this paper, we present a comparison of previously published data discussing how these techniques are used to constrain provenance reconstructions and contribute to a better understanding of the tectonic evolution of (i) the Cretaceous transition from extensional to compressional regimes in the back-arc region of the southern Andean system; and (ii) the involvement of the passive European continental margin in the Western Alps subduction system during impending Alpine collision. In both cases, sediments delivered from the down-bending continental block are significantly involved. Our findings highlight its role as a detrital source, which is generally underestimated or even ignored in current tectonic models.

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10

Aplonov, Sergei, Kenneth J. Hsu, and Vitali Ustritsky. "Relict back-arc basins of Eurasia and their hydrocarbon potentials." Island Arc 1, no. 1 (August 1992): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1992.tb00059.x.

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11

Ruellan, Etienne, Yves Lagabrielle, and Manabu Tanahashi. "Study yields surprises about seafloor spreading in back-arc basins." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 77, no. 38 (1996): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96eo00250.

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12

Hinschberger, Florent, Jacques André Malod, Jean Pierre Réhault, and Safri Burhanuddin. "Contribution of bathymetry and geomorphology to the geodynamics of the East Indonesian Seas." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 174, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/174.6.545.

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Abstract Southeastern Indonesia is located at a convergent triple junction of 3 plates : the Pacific (including the Caro-line and Philippines plates), the Australian and the Southeast Asian plates (fig. 1). The age of the different basins : the North Banda Sea (Sula Basin), the South Banda Sea (Wetar and Damar Basins) and the Weber Trough has been debated for a long time. Their great depth was a reason to interpret them as remnants of oceanic domains either of Indian or Pacific ocean affinities. It has now been demonstrated from geochronological studies that these basins have formed during the Neogene [Réhault et al., 1994 ; Honthaas et al., 1998]. The crust has been sampled only in the Sula Basin, where basalts or trachyandesites with back-arc geochemical signatures have been dredged. Their ages range from 11.4 ± 1.15 to 7.33 ± 0.18 Ma [Réhault et al., 1994 ; Honthaas et al., 1998]. The study of the magnetic anomaly pattern of these basins confirms this interpretation and defines an age between 12.5 and 7.15 Ma for the North Banda Basin and between 6.5 to 3.5 Ma for the South Banda Basin [Hinschberger et al., 2000 ; Hinschberger et al., 2001]. Furthermore, the existence of volcanic arcs linked to subducted slabs suggests that these basins resulted from back-arc spreading and subduction slab roll-back. Lastly, the Weber Trough which exceeds 7 300 m in depth and is one of the deepest non subduction basins in the world, remains enigmatic. A compilation of existing bathymetric data allows us to present a new bathymetric map of the region (fig. 2 and 3). A comparison with the previous published maps [Mammerickx et al., 1976 ; Bowin et al., 1982] shows numerous differences at a local scale. This is especially true for the Banda Ridges or in the Sula Basin where new tectonic directions are expressed. In the North Banda Basin, the Tampomas Ridge, which was striking NE-SW in the previous maps, is actually NW-SE parallel to the West Buru Fracture Zone and to the Hamilton Fault scarp (fig. 6). This NW-SE direction represents the initial direction of rifting and oceanic spreading. In this basin, only the southeastern rifted margin morphology is preserved along the Sinta Ridges. The basin is presently involved in an overall compressional motion and its buckled and fractured crust is subducted westwards beneath East Sulawesi (fig. 4a, 5 and 6). The northern border of the North Banda Basin is reactivated into sinistral transcurrent motion in the South Sula Fracture Zone continued into the Matano fault in Sulawesi. The South Banda Sea Basin is divided in two parts, the Wetar and Damar Basins with an eastward increase in depth. The Wetar and Damar Basins are separated by the NNW-SSE Gunung Api Ridge, characterized by volcanoes, a deep pull apart basin and active tectonics on its eastern flank (fig. 4b and 7). This ridge is interpreted as a large sinistral strike-slip fracture zone which continues across the Banda Ridges and bends towards NW south of Sinta Ridge. The Banda Ridges region, separating the North Banda Basin from the southern Banda Sea (fig. 5 and 7), is another place where many new morphological features are now documented. The Sinta Ridge to the north is separated from Buru island by the South Buru Basin which may constitute together with the West Buru Fracture Zone a large transcurrent lineament striking NW-SE. The central Rama Ridge is made of 2 narrow ridges striking NE-SW with an « en-echelon » pattern indicating sinistral strike slip comparable to the ENE-WSW strike-slip faulting evidenced by focal mechanisms in the northern border of the Damar Basin [Hinschberger, 2000]. Dredging of Triassic platform rocks and metamorphic basement on the Sinta and Rama Ridges suggests that they are fragments of a continental block [Silver et al., 1985 ; Villeneuve et al., 1994 ; Cornée et al., 1998]. The Banda Ridges are fringed to the south by a volcanic arc well expressed in the morphology : the Nieuwerkerk-Emperor of China and the Lucipara volcanic chains whose andesites and arc basalts have been dated between 8 and 3.45 Ma [Honthaas et al., 1998]. Eastern Indonesia deep oceanic basins are linked to the existence of 2 different subduction zones expressed by 2 different downgoing slabs and 2 volcanic arcs : the Banda arc and the Seram arc [Cardwell et Isacks, 1978 ; Milsom, 2001]. They correspond respectively to the termination of the Australian subduction and to the Bird’s head (Irian Jaya) subduction under Seram (fig. 5). Our bathymetric study helps to define the Seram volcanic arc which follows a trend parallel to the Seram Trench from Ambelau island southeast of Buru to the Banda Island (fig. 2 and 5). A new volcanic seamount discovered in the southeast of Buru (location of dredge 401 in figure 7) and a large volcano in the Pisang Ridge (location of dredge 403 in figure 7 and figure 8) have been surveyed with swath bathymetry. Both show a sub-aerial volcanic morphology and a further subsidence evidenced by the dredging of reefal limestones sampled at about 3000 m depth on their flank. We compare the mean basement depths corrected for sediment loading for the different basins (fig. 9). These depths are about 5 000 m in the Sula Basin, 4 800 m in the Wetar basin and 5 100 m in the Damar basin. These values plot about 1 000 m below the age-depth curve for the back-arc basins [Park et al., 1990] and about 2000 m below the Parsons and Sclater’s curve for the oceanic crust [Parsons et Sclater, 1977]. More generally, eastern Indonesia is characterized by large vertical motions. Strong subsidence is observed in the deep basins and in the Banda Ridges. On the contrary, large uplifts characterize the islands with rates ranging between 20 to 250 cm/kyr [De Smet et al., 1989a]. Excess subsidence in the back-arc basins has been attributed to large lateral heat loss due to their small size [Boerner et Sclater, 1989] or to the presence of cold subducting slabs. In eastern Indonesia, these mechanisms can explain only a part of the observed subsidence. It is likely that we have to take into account the tectonic forces linked to plate convergence. This is supported by the fact that uplift motions are clearly located in the area of active collision. In conclusion, the bathymetry and morphology of eastern Indonesian basins reveal a tectonically very active region where basins opened successively in back-arc, intra-arc and fore-arc situation in a continuous convergent geodynamic setting.

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13

Nebel, O., R. J. Arculus, P. A. Sossi, F. E. Jenner, and T. H. E. Whan. "Iron isotopic evidence for convective resurfacing of recycled arc-front mantle beneath back-arc basins." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 22 (November 26, 2013): 5849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gl057976.

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14

Prokopiev, Andrei V., Victoria B. Ershova, and Daniel F. Stockli. "Detrital Zircon U-Pb Data for Jurassic–Cretaceous Strata from the South-Eastern Verkhoyansk-Kolyma Orogen—Correlations to Magmatic Arcs of the North-East Asia Active Margin." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030291.

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We performed U-Pb dating of detrital zircons collected from Middle–Upper Jurassic strata of the Sugoi synclinorium and Cretaceous rocks of the Omsukchan (Balygychan-Sugoi) basin, in order to identify their provenance and correlate Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentation of the south-eastern Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic belt with various magmatic belts of the north-east Asia active margins. In the Middle–Late Jurassic, the Uda-Murgal magmatic arc represented the main source area of clastics, suggesting that the Sugoi basin is a back-arc basin. A major shift in the provenance signature occurred during the Aptian, when granitoids of the Main (Kolyma) batholith belt, along with volcanic rocks of the Uyandina-Yasachnaya and Uda-Murgal arcs, became the main sources of clastics deposited in the Omsukchan basin. In a final Mesozoic provenance shift, granitoids of the Main (Kolyma) batholith belt, along with volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Uyandina-Yasachnaya and Okhotsk-Chukotka arcs, became the dominant sources for clastics in the Omsukchan basin in the latest Cretaceous. A broader comparison of detrital zircon age distributions in Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits across the south-eastern Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogen illustrates that the Sugoi and Omsukchan basins did not form along the distal eastern portion of the Verkhoyansk passive margin, but in the Late Mesozoic back-arc basins.

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15

Acosta-Góngora, P., S. J. Pehrsson, H. Sandeman, E. Martel, and T. Peterson. "The Ferguson Lake deposit: an example of Ni–Cu–Co–PGE mineralization emplaced in a back-arc basin setting?" Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 8 (August 2018): 958–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0185.

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The world’s largest Ni–Cu–Platinum group element (PGE) deposits are dominantly hosted by ultramafic rocks within continental extensional settings (e.g., Raglan, Voisey’s Bay), resulting in a focus on exploration in similar geodynamic settings. Consequently, the economic potential of other extensional tectonic environments, such as ocean ridges and back-arc basins, may be underestimated. In the northeastern portion of the ca. 2.7 Ga Yathkyed greenstone belt of the Chesterfield block (western Churchill Province, Canada), the Ni–Cu–Co–PGE Ferguson Lake deposit is hosted by >2.6 Ga hornblenditic to gabbroic rocks of the Ferguson Lake Igneous Complex (FLIC), which is metamorphosed up to amphibolitic facies. The FLIC has a basaltic composition (Mg# = 31–72), flat to slightly negatively sloped normalized trace element patterns (La/YbPM = 0.7–3.5), and negative Zr, Ti, and Nb anomalies. The FLIC rocks are geochemically similar to the 2.7 Ga back-arc basin tholeiitic basalts from the adjacent Yathkyed and MacQuoid greenstone belts (Mg# = 30–67; La/YbPM = 0.3–3.0), but the Ferguson Lake intrusions appear to be more crustally contaminated. We interpret the FLIC to have formed in an equivalent back-arc basin setting. This geodynamic setting is rare for the formation of Ni–Cu–PGE occurrences, and only few examples of this tectonic environment (or variations of it, e.g., rifted back-arc) are found in other Proterozoic and Archean sequences (e.g., Lorraine deposit, Quebec). We suggest that back-arc basin-derived mafic rocks within the Yathkyed and other Neoarchean greenstone belts of the Chesterfield block (MacQuoid and Angikuni) could represent important targets for future mineral exploration.

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16

Scivetti, Nicolás, Paulo Marcos, Cecilia Pavón Pivetta, Leonardo Benedini, Juan Ignacio Falco, María Julia Arrouy, Marcos E. Bahía, Juan R. Franzese, and Daniel A. Gregori. "Stretching in continental back-arc basins: Insights from subsidence analysis of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina." Tectonophysics 812 (August 2021): 228917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228917.

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17

Zonenshain, L. P., and X. Pichon. "Deep basins of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea as remnants of Mesozoic back-arc basins." Tectonophysics 123, no. 1-4 (March 1986): 181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90197-6.

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18

Hadlari, T., and R. H. Rainbird. "Retro-arc extension and continental rifting: a model for the Paleoproterozoic Baker Lake Basin, Nunavut1Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100436." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 8 (August 2011): 1232–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-002.

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Within Baker Lake sub-basin, the ca. 1.84–1.78 Ga Baker Sequence formed in two stages. At the start of the first stage, during rift initiation, half-graben were host to siliciclastic alluvial, eolian, and lacustrine deposits and to localized felsic minette volcanics. Back-stepping of facies indicate high accommodation rates and areal expansion, which, combined with extrusion of voluminous minette volcanic rocks, are interpreted to record increased extension and rift climax. Low accommodation post-rift deposits from the second stage of basin development are relatively thin and coeval felsite domes spatially restricted. Volcanic rocks and some siliciclastic units correlate between sub-basins, and hence the interpreted history of Baker Lake sub-basin is extended across greater Baker Lake Basin. This implies that the basin formed in response to regional extension and crustal thinning. The Baker Lake Basin marks the northern extent of a series of basins that trend northeastward along the Snowbird Tectonic Zone, including an inlier of the correlative Martin Group in northern Saskatchewan. The high accommodation first stage of basin development is proposed to have been the result of intra-continental retro-arc extension during ca. 1.85–1.84 Ga formation of the Kisseynew back-arc basin of the Trans-Hudson Orogen. Upon closure of the Kisseynew back-arc basin and collision of the Superior Province with the western Churchill Province, Baker Lake Basin was subject to strike-slip faulting. The second, low accommodation stage of basin development and strike-slip faulting is proposed to record lateral tectonic escape between the Saskatchewan–Manitoba and Baffin Island – Committee Bay foci of the western Churchill – Superior Province collision.

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19

Monjoie, Philippe, Henriette Lapierre, Artan Tashko, Georges H. Mascle, Aline Dechamp, Bardhyl Muceku, and Pierre Brunet. "Nature and origin of the Triassic volcanism in Albania and Othrys: a key to understanding the Neotethys opening?" Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 179, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.179.4.411.

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AbstractTriassic volcanic rocks, stratigraphically associated with pelagic or reef limestones, are tectonically juxtaposed with Mesozoic ophiolites in the Tethyan realm. From the central (Dinarides, Hellenides) and eastern Mediterranean (Antalya, Troodos, Baër Bassit) to the Semail nappes (Oman), they occur either associated to the tectonic sole of the ophiolitic nappes or as a distinct tectonic pile intercalated between the ophiolites and other underthrust units. In the Dinaro-Hellenic belt, the Pelagonian units represent the lower plate, which is underthrust beneath the ophiolites. Middle to Late Triassic volcanic sequences are interpreted as the eastern flank of the Pelagonian platform and are therefore considered as a distal, deep-water part of the Pelagonian margin.The Triassic volcanics from Albania and Othrys are made up of basaltic pillowed and massive flows, associated locally with dolerites and trachytes. New elemental, Nd and Pb isotopic data allow to recognize four types of volcanic suites: (1) intra-oceanic alkaline and tholeiitic basalts, (2) intra-oceanic arc-tholeiites, (3) back-arc basin basalts, (4) calc-alkaline mafic to felsic rocks. Nd and Pb isotopic initial ratios suggest that the within-plate volcanic rocks were derived from an enriched oceanic island basalt type mantle source, devoid of any continental crustal component. The lower εNd value of the trachyte could be due to assimilation of oceanic altered crust or sediments in a shallow magma chamber. Island arc tholeiites and back-arc basin basalts have a similar wide range of εNd. The absence of Nb negative anomalies in the back-arc basin basalts suggests that the basin floored by these basalts was wide and mature. The high Th contents of the island arc tholeiites suggest that the arc volcanoes were located not far away from the continental margin.Albania and Othrys volcanics contrast with the Late Triassic volcanism from eastern Mediterranean (SW Cyprus, SW Turkey), which displays solely features of oceanic within plate suites. The presence of back-arc basin basalts associated with arc-related volcanics in Central Mediterranean indicates that they were close to a still active subduction during the Upper Triassic, while back-arc basins developed, associated with within-plate volcanism, leading to the NeoTethys opening.

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20

Billi, Andrea, Claudio Faccenna, Olivier Bellier, Liliana Minelli, Giancarlo Neri, Claudia Piromallo, Debora Presti, Davide Scrocca, and Enrico Serpelloni. "Recent tectonic reorganization of the Nubia-Eurasia convergent boundary heading for the closure of the western Mediterranean." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 182, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.182.4.279.

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Abstract In the western Mediterranean area, after a long period (late Paleogene-Neogene) of Nubian (W-Africa) northward subduction beneath Eurasia, subduction has almost ceased, as well as convergence accommodation in the subduction zone. With the progression of Nubia-Eurasia convergence, a tectonic reorganization is therefore necessary to accommodate future contraction. Previously-published tectonic, seismological, geodetic, tomographic, and seismic reflection data (integrated by some new GPS velocity data) are reviewed to understand the reorganization of the convergent boundary in the western Mediterranean. Between northern Morocco, to the west, and northern Sicily, to the east, contractional deformation has shifted from the former subduction zone to the margins of the two back-arc oceanic basins (Algerian-Liguro-Provençal and Tyrrhenian basins) and it is now mainly active in the south-Tyrrhenian (northern Sicily), northern Liguro-Provençal, Algerian, and Alboran (partly) margins. Onset of compression and basin inversion has propagated in a scissor-like manner from the Alboran (c. 8 Ma) to the Tyrrhenian (younger than c. 2 Ma) basins following a similar propagation of the cessation of the subduction, i.e., older to the west and younger to the east. It follows that basin inversion is rather advanced on the Algerian margin, where a new southward subduction seems to be in its very infant stage, while it has still to really start in the Tyrrhenian margin, where contraction has resumed at the rear of the fold-thrust belt and may soon invert the Marsili oceanic basin. Part of the contractional deformation may have shifted toward the north in the Liguro-Provençal basin possibly because of its weak rheological properties compared with those of the area between Tunisia and Sardinia, where no oceanic crust occurs and seismic deformation is absent or limited. The tectonic reorganization of the Nubia-Eurasia boundary in the study area is still strongly controlled by the inherited tectonic fabric and rheological attributes, which are strongly heterogeneous along the boundary. These features prevent, at present, the development of long and continuous thrust faults. In an extreme and approximate synthesis, the evolution of the western Mediterranean is inferred to follow a Wilson Cycle (at a small scale) with the following main steps : (1) northward Nubian subduction with Mediterranean back-arc extension (since ~35 Ma); (2) progressive cessation, from west to east, of Nubian main subduction (since ~15 Ma); (3) progressive onset of compression, from west to east, in the former back-arc domain and consequent basin inversion (since ~8–10 Ma); (4) possible future subduction of former back-arc basins.

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21

Smith, T. E., P. E. Holm, N. M. Dennison, and M. J. Harris. "Crustal assimilation in the Burnt Lake metavolcanics, Grenville Province, southeastern Ontario, and its tectonic significance." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-101.

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Three intimately interbedded suites of volcanic rocks are identified geochemically in the Burnt Lake area of the Belmont Domain in the Central Metasedimentary Belt, and their petrogenesis is evaluated. The Burnt Lake back-arc tholeiitic suite comprises basalts similar in trace element signature to tholeiitic basalts emplaced in back-arc basins formed in continental crust. The Burnt Lake continental tholeiitic suite comprises basalts and andésites similar in trace element composition to continental tholeiitic sequences. The Burnt Lake felsic pyroclastic suite comprises rhyolitic pyroclastics having major and trace element compositions that suggest that they were derived from crustal melts. Rare earth element models suggest that the Burnt Lake back-arc tholeiitic rocks were formed by fractional crystallization of mafic magmas derived by approximately 5% partial melting of an amphibole-bearing depleted mantle, enriched in light rare earth elements by a subduction component. The modelling also suggests that the Burnt Lake continental tholeiitic rocks were formed by contamination – fractional crystallization of mixtures of mafic magmas, derived by ~3% partial melting of the subduction-modified source, and rhyolitic crustal melts. These models are consistent with the suggestion that the Belmont Domain of the Central Metasedimentary Belt formed as a back-arc basin by attenuation of preexisting continental crust above a westerly dipping subduction zone.

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22

Mudholkar, Abhay V., and Anil L. Paropkari. "Evolution of the basalts from three back-arc basins of southwest Pacific." Geo-Marine Letters 18, no. 4 (December 1998): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670050084.

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23

Rodkin, M. V., and A. G. Rodnikov. "Origin and structure of back-arc basins: new data and model discussion." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 93, no. 1-2 (January 1996): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(95)03092-1.

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24

PLATT, J. P. "From orogenic hinterlands to Mediterranean-style back-arc basins: a comparative analysis." Journal of the Geological Society 164, no. 2 (March 2007): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492006-093.

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25

Danyushevsky, L. V., T. J. Falloon, A. V. Sobolev, A. J. Crawford, M. Carroll, and R. C. Price. "The H2O content of basalt glasses from Southwest Pacific back-arc basins." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 117, no. 3-4 (June 1993): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(93)90089-r.

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26

Shikazono, Naotatsu. "Precipitation mechanisms of barite in sulfate-sulfide deposits in back-arc basins." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, no. 10 (May 1994): 2203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90005-1.

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27

Papanikolaou, D. "MAJOR PALEOGEOGRAPHIC, TECTONIC AND GEODYNAMIC CHANGES FROM THE LAST STAGE OF THE HELLENIDES TO THE ACTUAL HELLENIC ARC AND TRENCH SYSTEM." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11161.

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Present day location and geometry of the Hellenic arc and trench system is only a small portion of the previously developed Hellenic arc that created the Hellenides orogenic system. The timing of differentiation is constrained in Late Miocene, when the arc was divided in a northern and a southern segment. This is based on: a) the dating of the last compressive structures observed all along the Hellenides during Oligocene to Middle-Late Miocene, b) on the time of initiation of the Kephalonia transform fault, c) on the time of opening of the North Aegean Basin and d) on the time of opening of new arc parallel basins in the south and new transverse basins in the central shear zone, separating the rapidly moving southwestwards Hellenic subduction system from the slowly converging system of the Northern Hellenides. The driving mechanism of the arc differentiation is the heterogeneity produced by the different subducting slabs in the north (continental) and in the south (oceanic) and the resulted shear zone because of the retreating plate boundary producing a roll back mechanism in the present arc and trench system. The paleogeographic reconstructions of the Hellenic arc and surrounding areas show the shortening of the East Mediterranean oceanic area, following the slow convergence rate of the European and African plates plus the localised shortening following the rapid Hellenic subduction rate. The result is that the frontal parts of the accretionary prism developed in front of the Hellenic arc have reached the African continent in Cyrenaica whereas on the two sides the basinal parts of the Ionian and Levantine basins are still preserved before their final subduction and closure. The extension produced in the upper plate has resulted in the subsidence of the Aegean Sea and the creation of several neotectonic basins in southern continental Greece in contrast to the absence of new basins in the northern segment since Late Miocene.

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28

Chung-Hwa, Park, Kensaku Tamaki, and Kazuo Kobayashi. "Age-depth correlation of the Philippine Sea back-arc basins and other marginal basins in the world." Tectonophysics 181, no. 1-4 (September 1990): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90028-7.

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29

Tsampouraki-Kraounaki, Konstantina, Dimitris Sakellariou, Grigoris Rousakis, Ioannis Morfis, Ioannis Panagiotopoulos, Isidoros Livanos, Kyriaki Manta, Fratzeska Paraschos, and George Papatheodorou. "The Santorini-Amorgos Shear Zone: Evidence for Dextral Transtension in the South Aegean Back-Arc Region, Greece." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050216.

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Bathymetric and seismic data provide insights into the geomorphological configuration, seismic stratigraphy, structure, and evolution of the area between Santorini, Amorgos, Astypalea, and Anafi islands. Santorini-Amorgos Shear Zone (SASZ) is a NE-SW striking feature that includes seven basins, two shallow ridges, and hosts the volcanic centers of Santorini and Kolumbo. The SASZ initiated in the Early Pliocene as a single, W-E oriented basin. A major reorganization of the geodynamic regime led to (i) reorientation of the older faults and initiation of NE-SW striking ones, (ii) disruption of the single basin and localized subsidence and uplift, (iii) creation of four basins out of the former single one (Anafi, Amorgos South, Amorgos North, and Kinairos basins), (iv) rifting of the northern and southern margins and creation of Anydros, Astypalea North, and Astypalea South basins, and (v) uplift of the ridges. Dextral shearing and oblique rifting are accommodated by NE-SW striking, dextral oblique to strike-slip faults and by roughly W-E striking, normal, transfer faults. It is suggested here that enhanced shearing in NE-SW direction and oblique rifting may be the dominant deformation mechanism in the South Aegean since Early Quaternary associated with the interaction of North Anatolian Fault with the slab roll-back.

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30

Rivers, Toby, and David Corrigan. "Convergent margin on southeastern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic: tectonic implications." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 2-3 (April 2, 2000): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-067.

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A continental-margin magmatic arc is inferred to have existed on the southeastern (present coordinates) margin of Laurentia from Labrador to Texas from ~1500-1230 Ma, with part of the arc subsequently being incorporated into the 1190-990 Ma collisional Grenville Orogen. Outside the Grenville Province, where the arc is known as the Granite-Rhyolite Belt, it is undeformed, whereas within the Grenville Province it is deformed and metamorphosed. The arc comprises two igneous suites, an inboard, principally quartz monzonitic to granodioritic suite, and an outboard tonalitic to granodioritic suite. The quartz monzonite-granodiorite suite was largely derived from continental crust, whereas the tonalitic-granodiorite suite is calc-alkaline and has a juvenile isotopic signature. Available evidence from the Grenville Province suggests that the arc oscillated between extensional and compressional settings several times during the Mesoproterozoic. Back-arc deposits of several ages, that formed during relatively brief periods of extension, include (1) mafic dyke swarms subparallel to the arc; (2) continental sediments, bimodal volcanics and plateau basalts; (3) marine sediments and volcanics formed on stretched continental crust; and (4) ocean crust in a marginal basin. Closure of the back-arc basins occurred during the accretionary Pinwarian (~1495-1445 Ma) and Elzevirian (~1250-1190 Ma) orogenies, as well as during three pulses of crustal shortening associated with the 1190-990 Ma collisional Grenvillian Orogeny. During the Elzevirian Orogeny, closure of the Central Metasedimentary Belt marginal basin in the southeastern Grenville Province was marked by subduction-related magmatism as well as by imbrication of back-arc deposits. The presence of a continental-margin magmatic arc on southeastern Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic implies that other coeval magmatism inboard from the arc took place in a back-arc setting. Such magmatism was widespread and chemically diverse and included large volume "anorogenic" anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) complexes as well as small volume alkaline, quartz-saturated and -undersaturated "within-plate" granitoids. Recognition of the ~300 million year duration of the Mesoproterozoic convergent margin of southeastern Laurentia suggests that there may be useful parallels with the evolution of the Andes, which has been a convergent margin since the early Paleozoic.

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31

GÜRER, Ö. F., and E. ALDANMAZ. "Origin of the Upper Cretaceous–Tertiary sedimentary basins within the Tauride–Anatolide platform in Turkey." Geological Magazine 139, no. 2 (March 2002): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802006295.

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A number of sedimentary basins formed within the Tauride–Anatolide Platform of Anatolia during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary period. Previous studies have proposed different tectonic and evolutionary models for each basin. Geological characteristics of the basins, however, suggest that all these basins are of the same origin and that they followed a similar evolutionary model to one another. Basin development within the Tauride–Anatolide Platform took place in a post-collisional environment following the northward subduction of the northern Neotethys ocean beneath the Pontides. The closure of the northern Neotethys ocean ended with collision of the Tauride–Anatolide Platform with the Pontide volcanic arc and resulted in large bodies of oceanic remnants thrust over the Tauride–Anatolide Platform as ophiolite nappes. Formation of the sedimentary basins followed the emplacement of the ophiolite nappes as they formed as piggy-back basins on top of the underlying thrust ophiolite basement.

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32

Dal Cin, M., A. Del Ben, A. Mocnik, F. Accaino, R. Geletti, N. Wardell, F. Zgur, and A. Camerlenghi. "Seismic imaging of Late Miocene (Messinian) evaporites from Western Mediterranean back-arc basins." Petroleum Geoscience 22, no. 4 (September 16, 2016): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2015-096.

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33

LEE, YONG IL, and GEORGE DeVRIES KLEIN. "Diagenesis of sandstones in the back-arc basins of the western Pacific Ocean." Sedimentology 33, no. 5 (October 1986): 651–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb01968.x.

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34

Colman-Sadd, S. P., P. Stone, H. S. Swinden, and R. P. Barnes. "Parallel geological development in the Dunnage Zone of Newfoundland and the Lower Palaeozoic terranes of southern Scotland: an assessment." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 83, no. 3 (1992): 571–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300005885.

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AbstractThe Notre Dame and Exploits subzones of Newfoundland's Dunnage Zone are correlated with the Midland Valley and Southern Uplands of Scotland, using detailed comparisons of two key Lower Palaeozoic successions which record similar histories of extension and compression. It follows that the Baie Verte Line, Red Indian Line and Dover Fault are equivalent to the Highland Boundary Fault, Southern Upland Fault and Solway Line, respectively.The Betts Cove Complex and overlying Snooks Arm Group of the Notre Dame Subzone are analogous to the Ballantrae Complex of the Midland Valley, both recording the Arenig evolution and subsequent obduction of an arc and back-arc system. The Early Ordovician to Silurian sequence unconformably overlying the Ballantrae Complex is poorly represented in the Notre Dame Subzone but important similarities can still be detected suggesting corresponding histories of continental margin subsidence and marine transgression.In the Exploits Subzone, Early Ordovician back-arc volcanic rocks are overlain by Llandeilo mudstones and Late Ordovician to Early Silurian turbidites. A similar stratigraphy occurs in the Northern and Central Belts of the Southern Uplands and both areas have matching transpressive structural histories. Deeper erosion in the Exploits Subzone reveals Cambrian and Early Ordovician volcano-sedimentary sequences structurally emplaced on the Gander Zone, and such rocks are probably present beneath the Southern Uplands. Combined data from the Notre Dame Subzone and Midland Valley suggest an Arenig southeast-dipping subduction zone. Early Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Exploits Subzone and Southern Uplands have back-arc basin geochemistry and support the model of the Southern Uplands as a transition from back-arc to foreland basin. Preferential emergence of the Dunnage Zone and contrasts between Exploits Subzone and Southern Uplands turbidite basins are attributed to collision of Newfoundland with a Laurentian promontory and Scotland with a re-entrant. This hypothesis also explains the transpressive structural regime common to both areas.

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35

Lawton, Timothy F., Jeffrey M. Amato, Sarah E. K. Machin, John C. Gilbert, and Spencer G. Lucas. "Transition from Late Jurassic rifting to middle Cretaceous dynamic foreland, southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 11-12 (April 8, 2020): 2489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35433.1.

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Abstract Subsidence history and sandstone provenance of the Bisbee basin of southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Sonora, Mexico, demonstrate basin evolution from an array of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous rift basins to a partitioned middle Cretaceous retroarc foreland basin. The foreland basin contained persistent depocenters that were inherited from the rift basin array and determined patterns of Albian–early Cenomanian sediment routing. Upper Jurassic and Valanginian–Aptian strata were deposited in three narrow extensional basins, termed the Altar-Cucurpe, Huachuca, and Bootheel basins. Initially rapid Late Jurassic subsidence in the basins slowed in the Early Cretaceous, then increased again from mid-Albian through middle Cenomanian time, marking an episode of foreland subsidence. Sandstone composition and detrital zircon provenance indicate different sediment sources in the three basins and demonstrate their continued persistence as depocenters during Albian foreland basin development. Late Jurassic basins received sediment from a nearby magmatic arc that migrated westward with time. Following a 10–15 m.y. depositional hiatus, an Early Cretaceous continental margin arc supplied sediment to the Altar-Cucurpe basin in Sonora as early as ca. 136 Ma, but local sedimentary and basement sources dominated the Huachuca basin of southern Arizona until catchment extension tapped the arc source at ca. 123 Ma. The Bootheel basin of southwestern New Mexico received sediment only from local basement and recycled sedimentary sources with no contemporary arc source evident. During renewed Albian–Cenomanian subsidence, the arc continued to supply volcanic-lithic sand to the Altar-Cucurpe basin, which by then was the foredeep of the foreland basin. Sandstone of the Bootheel basin is more quartzose than the Altar-Cucurpe basin, but uncommon sandstone beds contain neovolcanic lithic fragments and young zircon grains that were transported to the basin as airborne ash. Latest Albian–early Cenomanian U-Pb tuff ages, detrital zircon maximum depositional ages ranging from ca. 102 Ma to 98 Ma, and ammonite fossils all demonstrate equivalence of middle Cretaceous proximal foreland strata of the U.S.-Mexico border region with distal back-bulge strata of the Cordilleran foreland basin. Marine strata buried a former rift shoulder in southwestern New Mexico during late Albian to earliest Cenomanian time (ca. 105–100 Ma), prior to widespread transgression in central New Mexico (ca. 98 Ma). Lateral stratigraphic continuity across the former rift shoulder likely resulted from regional dynamic subsidence following late Albian collision of the Guerrero composite volcanic terrane with Mexico and emplacement of the Farallon slab beneath the U.S.–Mexico border region. Inferred dynamic subsidence in the foreland of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico was likely augmented in Sonora by flexural subsidence adjacent to an incipient thrust load driven by collision of the Guerrero superterrane.

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36

Manor, Matthew J., Stephen J. Piercey, Corey J. Wall, and Nikola Denisová. "High-Precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Felsic Rocks in the Finlayson Lake VMS District, Yukon: Linking Paleozoic Basin-Scale Accumulation Rates to the Occurrence of Subseafloor Replacement-Style Mineralization." Economic Geology 117, no. 5 (August 1, 2022): 1173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4910.

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Abstract Felsic igneous complexes and associated volcano-sedimentary rocks in continental back-arc environments host large-tonnage and/or high-grade volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits. The emplacement mechanisms, style, and preservation of these deposits is thought to be partially dependent on depositional rates of the host lithofacies (i.e., discrete volcanic eruptions) relative to the setting of massive sulfide genesis on the seafloor as mounds and/or via subseafloor replacement of existing strata. The localization and occurrence of subseafloor replacement-style VMS deposits is therefore strongly influenced by the characteristics of the volcano-sedimentary facies in the hosting basin and the rates of their emplacement; the latter are poorly constrained in the literature due to the difficulty of obtaining high-precision dates that make this possible in Phanerozoic and older rocks. New high-resolution U-Pb geochronology and detailed regional stratigraphic investigation indicate that Devonian-Mississippian volcanic rocks and associated VMS mineralization in the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the Finlayson Lake district, Yukon, Canada, were erupted or emplaced during distinct time periods (ca. 363.3, 362.8, and 355.2 Ma) in two discrete submarine basins: the Kudz Ze Kayah formation and the Wolverine Lake group. The VMS deposits in both settings are contained within intrabasinal rocks that accumulated at rapid rates of ~350 to 2,000 m/m.y. over 0.6 to 1.4 m.y. Locally, these rates reach peak rates up to 7,500 m/m.y. in the Wolverine Lake group, which are interpreted to reflect facies deposition by mass transport complexes or turbidity currents. These new dates indicate that rapid accumulation of volcanic rocks in the back-arc basins was critical for localizing subseafloor replacement-style mineralization and the development of the Zn-enriched GP4F, Kudz Ze Kayah, and Wolverine VMS deposits. Rapid depositional processes observed in these deposits and their host basins are interpreted to have an important role in developing highly porous and permeable, water-saturated lithofacies that provide optimal conditions for enhancing zone refining processes and subsequent preservation of massive sulfide mineralization, which are key in the development of high-grade and large-tonnage VMS deposits. It is herein suggested that quantitative basin-scale accumulation rates, as a result of new U-Pb geochronological methods and increased precision combined with detailed stratigraphic and facies analysis, may provide important perspectives on the formation of continental back-arc basins and the localization of VMS deposits in other continental margin environments globally.

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37

Sato, Hiroshi, Tatsuya Ishiyama, Liviu Matenco, and Fadi Henri Nader. "Evolution of fore-arc and back-arc sedimentary basins with focus on the Japan subduction system and its analogues." Tectonophysics 710-711 (July 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.02.021.

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38

Williams, D. M. "Evolution of Ordovician terranes in western Ireland and their possible Scottish equivalents." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 81, no. 1 (1990): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300005101.

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ABSTRACTIn the W of Ireland the Ordovician rocks of South Mayo and Clew Bay are now juxtaposed but a comparison of the sedimentary histories of these two sequences shows that they accumulated in basins which were probably separated during most of their history. The large amount of terrigenous detritus present in the Arenig to Llanvirn elements of the South Mayo succession is not manifest in that of Clew Bay until the Llandeilo/Caradoc, by which time sedimentation in South Mayo had ceased. A comparison of the South Mayo Ordovician with that of Girvan in Scotland demonstrates that both sequences had a similar provenance. This source contained an ophiolite, granites and some (probably pre-Dalradian) metamorphic rocks. Sediment dispersal directions for the two sequences are opposite in sense, being primarily northward in South Mayo and southward at Girvan. The two stratigraphies indicate that basement subsidence behaviour in South Mayo was virtually the opposite of that at Girvan where initial shallow water sedimentation was rapidly succeeded by deep water environments at the end of the Llanvirn. The two basins may thus have been marginal to a single Ordovician arc complex. One reason for the opposite sense of basin subsidence may lie in the suggested reversal of subduction polarity during the Ordovician. In this scenario the South Mayo basin may be envisaged as lying to the N of a northward-facing arc during the early Ordovician. A new, northward, subduction direction instigated during the Llanvirn, resulted in a fore-arc basin at Girvan complemented by a closing back-arc basin in South Mayo.

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39

Jolivet, Laurent, Claudio Faccenna, Nicola D’Agostino, Marc Fournier, and Dan Worrall. "The kinematics of back-arc basins, examples from the Tyrrhenian, Aegean and Japan Seas." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 164, no. 1 (1999): 21–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1999.164.01.04.

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40

Martinez, Fernando, and Brian Taylor. "Controls on back-arc crustal accretion: insights from the Lau, Manus and Mariana basins." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 219, no. 1 (2003): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.219.01.02.

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41

Dmitrenko, O. B. "Nannofossils in upper quaternary bottom sediments of back-arc basins in the southwestern Pacific." Oceanology 55, no. 3 (May 2015): 400–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001437015030030.

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42

Bogatikov, O. A., E. V. Sharkov, A. V. Vesselovskii, and V. B. Mescheryakova. "Synchronism between development of Cenozoic volcanic arcs and back-arc basins: Reasons and consequences." Doklady Earth Sciences 427, no. 2 (August 2009): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x0906004x.

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43

Zhang, Y., S. Z. Li, Y. H. Suo, L. L. Guo, S. Yu, S. J. Zhao, I. D. Somerville, et al. "Origin of transform faults in back-arc basins: examples from Western Pacific marginal seas." Geological Journal 51 (June 2, 2016): 490–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.2807.

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44

Aggrey, Kwesi E., David W. Muenow, and John M. Sinton. "Volatile abundances in submarine glasses from the North Fiji and Lau back-arc basins." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, no. 10 (October 1988): 2501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90308-0.

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45

Rodkin, M. V. "Structure of the back-arc spreading basins and the fluid regime in the mantle." Journal of Geodynamics 15, no. 3-4 (August 1992): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(92)90036-r.

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46

Chekhovich, V. D., A. N. Sukhov, M. V. Kononov, and O. G. Sheremet. "Comparative geodynamics of Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Mariana island-arc systems." Геотектоника, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-853x2019127-43.

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Fulfilled comparative analysis of the Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Marian island-arc systems structure and geodynamic development. Izu-Bonin-Maian island-arc systems situated along сontinental margin of Eurasia in the West of Pacific Ocean. The Aleutian island-arc system is situated between the North American and Eurasian continents. Aleutian and Izu-Bonin-Marian island-arc systems appeared to be of the same age. Both island-arc systems form autonomous Philippine and Beringia small lithospheric plates. Izu-Bonin-Marianas island-arc system formed on exclusively geodynamic interaction of oceanic plate and back-arc basins, with the main role of the Pacific subduction. Aleutian system at the initial stage was formed as a result from separation of the part of Pacific Cretaceous crust by Aleutian subduction zone. The subsequent process of Aleutian system development was caused by geodynamics of movement of North American and Eurasian lithospheric plates. Pacific plate constant oblique subduction led to expansion of Aleutian island-arc system in the Western direction.

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47

Poitrimol, Camille, Éric Thiébaut, Claire Daguin-Thiébaut, Anne-Sophie Le Port, Marion Ballenghien, Adrien Tran Lu Y, Didier Jollivet, Stéphane Hourdez, and Marjolaine Matabos. "Contrasted phylogeographic patterns of hydrothermal vent gastropods along South West Pacific: Woodlark Basin, a possible contact zone and/or stepping-stone." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): e0275638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275638.

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Understanding drivers of biodiversity patterns is essential to evaluate the potential impact of deep-sea mining on ecosystems resilience. While the South West Pacific forms an independent biogeographic province for hydrothermal vent fauna, different degrees of connectivity among basins were previously reported for a variety of species depending on their ability to disperse. In this study, we compared phylogeographic patterns of several vent gastropods across South West Pacific back-arc basins and the newly-discovered La Scala site on the Woodlark Ridge by analysing their genetic divergence using a barcoding approach. We focused on six genera of vent gastropods widely distributed in the region: Lepetodrilus, Symmetromphalus, Lamellomphalus, Shinkailepas, Desbruyeresia and Provanna. A wide-range sampling was conducted at different vent fields across the Futuna Volcanic Arc, the Manus, Woodlark, North Fiji, and Lau Basins, during the CHUBACARC cruise in 2019. The Cox1-based genetic structure of geographic populations was examined for each taxon to delineate putative cryptic species and assess potential barriers or contact zones between basins. Results showed contrasted phylogeographic patterns among species, even between closely related species. While some species are widely distributed across basins (i.e. Shinkailepas tollmanni, Desbruyeresia melanioides and Lamellomphalus) without evidence of strong barriers to gene flow, others are restricted to one (i.e. Shinkailepas tufari complex of cryptic species, Desbruyeresia cancellata and D. costata). Other species showed intermediate patterns of isolation with different lineages separating the Manus Basin from the Lau/North Fiji Basins (i.e. Lepetodrilus schrolli, Provanna and Symmetromphalus spp.). Individuals from the Woodlark Basin were either endemic to this area (though possibly representing intermediate OTUs between the Manus Basin and the other eastern basins populations) or, coming into contact from these basins, highlighting the stepping-stone role of the Woodlark Basin in the dispersal of the South West Pacific vent fauna. Results are discussed according to the dispersal ability of species and the geological history of the South West Pacific.

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Jolivet, Laurent, Armel Menant, Vincent Roche, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Agnès Maillard, Romain Augier, Damien Do Couto, Christian Gorini, Isabelle Thinon, and Albane Canva. "Transfer zones in Mediterranean back-arc regions and tear faults." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021006.

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Slab tearing induces localized deformations in the overriding plates of subduction zones and transfer zones accommodating differential retreat in back-arc regions. Because the space available for retreating slabs is limited in the Mediterranean realm, slab tearing during retreat has been a major ingredient of the evolution of this region since the end of the Eocene. The association of detailed seismic tomographic models and extensive field observations makes the Mediterranean an ideal natural laboratory to study these transfer zones. We review in this paper the various structures in back-arc regions differential retreat from the Alboran Sea to the Aegean-Anatolian region and discuss them with the help of 3D numerical models to better understand the partitioning of deformation between high-angle and low-angle faults, as well as the 3-D kinematics of deformation in the middle and lower crusts. Simple, archetypal, crustal-scale strike-slip faults are in fact rare in these contexts above slab tears. Transfer zones are in general instead wide deformation zones, from several tens to several hundred kilometers. A partitioning of deformation is observed between the upper and the lower crust with low-angle extensional shear zones at depth and complex association of transtensional basins at the surface. In the Western Mediterranean, between the Gulf of Lion and the Valencia basin, transtensional strike-slip faults are associated with syn-rift basins and lower crustal domes elongated in the direction of retreat (a-type domes), associated with massive magmatic intrusions in the lower crust and volcanism at the surface. On the northern side of the Alboran Sea, wide E-W trending strike-slip zones in the brittle field show partitioned thrusting and strike-slip faulting in the external zones of the Betics, and E-W trending metamorphic core complexes in the internal zones, parallel to the main retreat direction with a transition in time from ductile to brittle deformation. On the opposite, the southern margin of the Alboran Sea shows short en-échelon strike-slip faults. Deep structures are not known there. In the Aegean-Anatolian region, two main tear faults with different degrees of maturity are observed. Western Anatolia (Menderes Massif) and the Eastern Aegean Sea evolved above a major left-lateral tear in the Hellenic slab. In the crust, the differential retreat was accommodated mostly by low-angle shear zones with a constant direction of stretching and the formation of a-type high-temperature domes exhumed from the middle and lower crust. These low-angle shear zones evolve through time from ductile to brittle. On the opposite side of the Aegean region, the Corinth and Volos Rift as well as the Kephalonia fault offshore, accommodate the formation of a dextral tear fault. Here, only the brittle crust can be observed, but seismological data suggest low-angle shear zones at depth below the rifts. We discuss the rare occurrence of pure strike-slip faults in these contexts and propose that the high heat flow above the retreating slabs and more especially above slab tears favors a ductile behavior with distributed deformation of the crust and the formation of low-angle shear zones and high-temperature domes. While retreat proceeds, aided by tears, true strike-slip fault system may localize and propagate toward the retreating trench, ultimately leading to the formation of new plate boundary, as shown by the example of the North Anatolian Fault.

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Flanagan, Megan P., and Douglas A. Wiens. "Radial upper mantle attenuation structure of inactive back arc basins from differential shear wave measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research 99, B8 (1994): 15469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jb00804.

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Su, Nan, Guang Zhu, Xiaodong Wu, Hao Yin, Yuanchao Lu, and Shuai Zhang. "Back-arc tectonic tempos: Records from Jurassic–Cretaceous basins in the eastern North China Craton." Gondwana Research 90 (February 2021): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2020.12.002.

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