Relevant bibliographies by topics / Back­end development

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Back­end development'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Back­end development"

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Murad, Abdullayev. "WEB DEVELOPMENT. FRONT-END PROGRAMMING." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 93 (December 6, 2024): 94–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14289370.

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Web development is a rapidly advancing and influential area of technology, shaping the way businesses, individuals, and organizations communicate and interact online. This field includes two main components: frontend and back-end development. The front-end is the visible and interactive part of a website or application that users directly engage with, while the back-end involves server-side logic, databases, and data processing. This article specifically focuses on front-end programming, discussing the foundational technologies of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and examining modern frameworks like
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Sadhana, Paladugu. "Leveraging Full-Stack Expertise to Integrate Front-End and Back-End Seamlessly." International Journal of Leading Research Publication 1, no. 3 (2020): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14672983.

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Full-stack development has become a cornerstone of modern web development by combining front-end and back-end expertise. This paper explores strategies to seamlessly integrate front-end and back-end components, leveraging full-stack skills to ensure optimized workflows, cohesive user experiences, and scalable architectures. Real-world examples highlight the importance of understanding both ends of the development spectrum and aligning them for maximum efficiency.
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PHANEENDRA, C., B. .SAI PRASAD, P. SAINATH, CH MUKESH REDDY, and Y. SOWMYA. "QUERY STAND WEB DEVELOPMENT WITH USER AUTHENTICATION." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (2022): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/22.

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Web development is that the process of making an internet site from the bottom up. Web development is divided into two categories: front-end development (also known as client-side development) and back-end development (also called as Server-side development). Front-end development is that the process of making the content, design, and interaction that a user sees once they open an internet application. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and JavaScript are used to do this. Back-end development is in charge of what happens behind the scenes of a website. The Front-En
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Low, GC, and DR Jeffery. "Software development productivity and back-end CASE tools." Information and Software Technology 33, no. 9 (1991): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(91)90033-8.

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Husni, Emir. "Front-End and Back-End Application Development for uBeacon Smart Campus System." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 4 (2017): 3786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9021.

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Kaluža, Marin, Marijana Kalanj, and Bernard Vukelić. "A comparison of back-end frameworks for web application development." Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci 7, no. 1 (2019): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31784/zvr.7.1.10.

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Web applications have a complex structure, and for more efficient and faster writing of original program code, frameworks are often used. There are numerous different frameworks on the market that are used to build different parts of software architecture. Only back-end frameworks for web applications development are analyzed. Previous research on evaluation criteria for back-end frameworks, and various sources which by various reasons, represent the list of popularity of back-end frameworks are shown. The framework selection procedure is described, and the reasons of framework selection (Lara
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Zhang, Shuwei. "Full-Stack Web Development: Building Comprehensive Applications." Journal of Computing and Electronic Information Management 13, no. 2 (2024): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/1aut7ey3.

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This article aims to explore the concept, advantages, and components of full-stack web development. It begins by introducing the definition and importance of full-stack web development, emphasizing its role in modern software development. It then elaborates on the components of full-stack development, including front-end development technologies, back-end development technologies, and database development technologies. Subsequently, it provides detailed explanations of the components of front-end development technologies, followed by those of back-end development technologies and database deve
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Okamura, Tomohiro, Ryota Katano, Akito Oizumi, et al. "NMB4.0: development of integrated nuclear fuel cycle simulator from the front to back-end." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 7 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2021019.

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Nuclear Material Balance code version 4.0 (NMB4.0) has been developed through collaborative R&D between TokyoTech&JAEA. Conventional nuclear fuel cycle simulation codes mainly analyze actinides and are specialized for front-end mass balance analysis. However, quantitative back-end simulation has recently become necessary for considering R&D strategies and sustainable nuclear energy utilization. Therefore, NMB4.0 was developed to realize the integrated nuclear fuel cycle simulation from front- to back-end. There are three technical features in NMB4.0: 179 nuclides are tracked, more
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Muhammad Hakim Saputra, Rahmat Rizal Andhi, and Edi Susilo. "Back-End development on Laboratory Information System in Universitas Riau." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 6, no. 2 (2023): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.6.2.161-167.

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Laboratories usually have different tools, materials, documents, and a lot of other content. At the University of Riau, especially the Faculty of Engineering, it is filled with many laboratories. Starting with a computer network laboratory and chemical laboratory, machine laboratory, and many more. Currently information about laboratories cannot be found on the internet, and it is still difficult to access information about laboratories. This research focuses on creating a back-end system that can later be implemented in the development of a laboratory information system. This development proc
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Dhany, Hanna Willa, Dhimas Ansyahri Aritonang, and Mhd Rifqi Aditya. "Menerapkan Web Design Dan Development Pada Siswa Dalam MBKM Asistensi Mengajar." Journal Of Indonesian Social Society (JISS) 2, no. 2 (2024): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59435/jiss.v2i2.229.

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Web design dan development adalah dua bidang yang saling berkaitan dalam proses pembuatan website. Web design mengacu pada penampilan dan penggunaan website, sedangkan web development mengacu pada fungsi dan kinerja website. Web designer menggunakan aplikasi desain untuk membuat layout dan elemen visual, sedangkan web developer menggunakan bahasa program untuk membuat kode dan skrip yang menjalankan website. Ada tiga jenis web developer, yaitu front-end developer, back-end developer, dan full-stack developer. Front-end developer bertanggung jawab untuk membuat antarmuka website yang interaktif
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Back­end development"

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Pavicevic, Tea, and Dejana Tomasevic. "Researching the conflicts between user experience, front-end and back-end in software development process." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55100.

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User experience design is the process of improving the accessibility and use of a product during user’s interaction with it. This study investigates the issues that occur in the coordination of UX design and software development. Furthermore, it examines diverse types of conflicts between UX designers, front-end and back-end developers, factors contributing to these conflicts and their influence on the software development process. The method used in this study is a survey conducted in an online form with a target group of practitioners. The data show that task conflicts are the most common ty
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Bäck, Fredrik. "Back-end development of mobile application for the collection of dietary data." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65897.

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Smartphones are used by incredibly many people, and in 2011 there where a total of 491.4million units soled worldwide. Smartphones are known as advanced phones, or personal digital assistants (PDAs). This makes a relevant technique for performing dietary studies when the test patients are on the move. This thesis shows how to create a back end environment for an Android application with existing techniques linked together, using MSSQL database, Visual Studio Web Service, web pages and C# classes and ASP.NET security.The back end development is used in a dietary study on Gothenburg University,
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Käll, Daniel, and Emelie Lannerhjelm. "Design and Development of Data Acquisition/Processing and Communication Interface for Radar Front-End." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133208.

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This thesis follows the design process of a back end. The purpose of this back end is to interface a radar front end, developed by Acreo Swedish ICT, and stream it’s digitalized output to a PC using Universal Serial Bus (USB) 3.0. The front end, which acts as a basis for this project, is a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar which is connected to the back end by a header. The header connects the digitalized radar signals, together with two SPI-buses and a few GPIO pins. Thus, enabling configuration and set up of the front end board via a PC. The result of the thesis is a data acqu
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Black, Richard Allen. "Digital Back End Development and Interference Mitigation Methods for Radio Telescopes with Phased-Array Feeds." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4233.

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The Brigham Young University (BYU) Radio Astronomy group, in collaboration with Cornell University, the University of Massachusetts, and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), have in recent years developed and deployed PAF systems that demonstrated the advantages of PAFs for astronomy. However, these systems lacked the necessary bandwidth and acquisition times to be scientifically viable. This thesis outlines the development of a 20-MHz bandwidth system that can acquire for much longer periods of time and across much larger bandwidths than previous BYU systems. A report of the deplo
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Burnett, Mitchell Costus. "Advancements in Radio Astronomical Array Processing: Digital Back End Development and Interferometric Array Interference Mitigation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6611.

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The Brigham Young University (BYU) Radio Astronomy Systems group, in collaboration with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), the Center for Astrophysics at West Virginia University (WVU), and the Green Bank Observatory (GBO) have developed, and commissioned, a broadband real-time digital back end processing system for a 38-element phased array feed (PAF) with 150 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. This system is capable of producing coarse and fine channel correlations, and implements a real-time beamformer that forms 7 simultaneous dual-polarized beams. This thesis outlines the hardw
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Zsiga, Juraj. "Návrh, tvorba a implementace softwarové aplikace ve firemním prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444598.

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The diploma thesis deals with the design, creation and implementation of a software application in the corporate environment of Velká Pecka s.r.o., better known as Rohlík. The first goal is to analyze the given company and find its shortcomings. The second, the main one, is to create and implement a software, which would eliminate them. The resulting solution is a mobile application, which improves issue reporting in their warehouses, thus saving resources overall.
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Diokh, Thérèse. "Développement des technologies mémoires "back-end" résistives à base d'oxydes pour application dans des "Systems on Chip" avancés." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT048.

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Les mémoires résistives non volatiles à bases d'oxydes métalliques suscitent un intérêt croissant chez les industriels. Plus particulièrement, les mémoires non volatiles à base d'oxydes (OxRRAM) offrent des temps de programmation et d'accès très court, une faible consommation énergétique, un coût par bit très concurrentiel et une facilité de co-intégration dans le back-end avec du CMOS avancé. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif le développement d'une mémoire OxRRAM facilement intégrable dans une technologie de fabrication CMOS avancée afin de montrer les avantages en vue de leur application d
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Ayadi, Yosri. "3D integration of single electron transistors in the Back-End-Of-Line of 28 nm CMOS technology for the development of ultra-low power sensors." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10122.

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La forte demande et le besoin d’intégration hétérogène de nouvelles fonctionnalités dans les systèmes mobiles et autonomes, tels que les mémoires, capteurs, et interfaces de communication doit prendre en compte les problématiques d’hétérogénéité, de consommation d’énergie et de dissipation de chaleur. Les systèmes mobiles intelligents sont déjà dotés de plusieurs composants de type capteur comme les accéléromètres, les thermomètres et les détecteurs infrarouge. Cependant, jusqu’à aujourd’hui l’intégration de capteurs chimiques dans des systèmes compacts sur puce reste limitée pour des raisons
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Zalas, Pierre. "Småföretag och nyttan av att utveckla open source - en fallstudie." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20635.

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Open source eller öppen källkod innebär att vem som helst kan se, justera och dela koden. Företag, organisationer och individer investerar såväl tid som resurser att utveckla open source-projekt, där majoriteten av projekten inte genererar någon form av ekonomisk vinning. Pocketsize är en Malmöbaserad webbyrå som har utvecklat ett front-end ramverk vid namn Bolts samt ett automatiseringsverktyg vid namn Toolbelt som avses släppas som open source.Denna studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap om vad det är som driver småföretag, idella organisationer eller individer till investera tid i att utv
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Narayanaswamy, Sathyanarayanan. "Development of VHDL behavioral models with back annotated timing." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063442/.

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Books on the topic "Back­end development"

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Bank, Asian Development. Food prices and inflation in developing Asia: Is poverty reduction coming to an end? : special report. Asian Development Bank, 2008.

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1923-, Tolbert Stokes M., and World Bank, eds. Investing in development: Lessons of World Bank experience. Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press, 1985.

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Bazhenov, Grigoriy, Igor' Belyakov, Ol'ga Biryukova, et al. Macroeconomics. Country analysis workshop. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2135822.

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The textbook is a collection of country examples illustrating macroeconomic models, as well as the conditions and practice of applying macroeconomic policy measures. Examples are provided on all key topics, from basic macroeconomic concepts to the current sustainable development agenda. At the end of each chapter, there is a list of questions for discussion in the seminar sessions, and at the end of the book there are sample test tasks for control. The authors of the manual include staff from the National Research University Higher School of Economics and other universities, researchers from t
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Brovkina, Natal'ya, Elena Ternovskaya, Aleksandr Evgenievich Ushanov, Elena Shatalova, and Marianna Belova. Implementation of credit operations. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2023030.

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The textbook reflects the results of theoretical studies of the credit market and modern practice of credit transactions. The experience of using end-to-end digital technologies in working with clients, in procedures for granting loans, assessing borrowers' creditworthiness, ensuring its repayment, and in managing credit risk is summarized. The analysis of the statistical and factual material presented in the textbook allows us to better understand the current state and problems of commercial banks' lending activities and assess the directions of its further development. Meets the requirements
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National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Committee on Sustainable Water Supplies for the Middle East., ed. Water for the future: The West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel, and Jordan. National Academy Press, 1999.

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Ian, Tellam, ed. Fuel for change: World Bank energy policy - rhetoric and reality. Zed Books, 2000.

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Park, John. PHP/SQL with Web Server: Back-End Web Development. Independent Publisher, 2022.

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Press, Brownhelm. Web Development - Back-End and Frameworks: One Hour Overviews. Frederick, Howard, 2023.

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Duckett, Jon. Front-End Back-End Development with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, PHP, and MySQL. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2022.

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Duckett, Jon. Front-End Back-End Development with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, PHP, and MySQL. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Back­end development"

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Wicklund, Phil, and Jason Wilkerson. "Back-End Dev Architectures." In Professional Sitecore 8 Development. Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2292-8_4.

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Fink, Gil, and Ido Flatow. "Communication Between Front and Back End." In Pro Single Page Application Development. Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6674-7_9.

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Cabitza, Federico, Carla Simone, and Iade Gesso. "Back to the Future of EUD: The Logic of Bricolage for the Paving of EUD Roadmaps." In End-User Development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38706-7_22.

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Maceli, Monica, and Michael E. Atwood. "From Human Crafters to Human Factors to Human Actors and Back Again: Bridging the Design Time – Use Time Divide." In End-User Development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21530-8_8.

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Lopez, Daniel Andres Pelaez. "Creating Your Back End with Jakarta EE." In Full-Stack Web Development with Jakarta EE and Vue.js. Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6342-6_7.

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Lopez, Daniel Andres Pelaez. "Connecting Your UI with Your Back End." In Full-Stack Web Development with Jakarta EE and Vue.js. Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6342-6_8.

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Fink, Gil, and Ido Flatow. "Creating a Back-End Service with ASP.NET Web API." In Pro Single Page Application Development. Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6674-7_7.

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Jin, Ying, and Chunwang Zhang. "Back End Development of Classroom Management System Based on .Net." In Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66785-6_21.

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Ishii, Kyoko, Mitsuaki Yamaoka, Yasuyuki Moriki, et al. "Development of Uranium-Free TRU Metallic Fuel Fast Reactor Core." In Nuclear Back-end and Transmutation Technology for Waste Disposal. Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55111-9_15.

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Takeda, Toshikazu, Koji Fujimura, and Ryota Yamada. "Method Development for Calculating Minor Actinide Transmutation in a Fast Reactor." In Nuclear Back-end and Transmutation Technology for Waste Disposal. Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55111-9_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Back­end development"

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Thurston, Gerrett, Jake Engle, Kevin Fowler, Andre Cotan, and Jason Kolligs. "Maturing Scalable Model-Based Acquisition." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1263.

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This paper describes both technology and methods when integrated into a holistic acquisition approach stands to affect acquisition success. Mission engineering, drives the ability to use innovation-driven outcome approaches with an end-effects delivery focus; crafting the necessary mission capabilities working back into the development of systems and technologies. Developing product line-centric products enables improved system engineering of more holistic product line scope against Business, Mission, and Stakeholder needs, applying product line scoping against both Market and Mission Segmenta
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Barshinger, James, Mark Feydo, and Steve Strachan. "Development of a Non-intrusive, Wireless, Corrosion Monitoring Device." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13553.

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Abstract Non-intrusive, ultrasound based, corrosion/erosion monitoring systems are becoming more commonly used and accepted as a method to improve data integrity and increase productivity for Oil & Gas asset inspections – especially with underground, insulated, offshore, and other hard-to-access thickness monitoring locations (TMLs). Example applications where installed sensor technologies have been deployed successfully include crude overhead lines, sour water service, offshore risers for sand monitoring, and midstream buried pipelines. Many additional applications of these systems are an
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Seidel, R., G. Bonsdorf, E. Clauss, et al. "Progress in thin wire back-end of-line development." In 2015 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference and 2015 IEEE Materials for Advanced Metallization Conference (IITC/MAM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iitc-mam.2015.7325601.

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Allalouf, Miriam, Alex Artyomov, and Dalia Mendelsson. "LODLI: Linked Open Data Back-End System for Libraries Interoperability." In 7th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005608602690278.

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Srivastava, Mahima. "Algorithm to prevent back end database against SQL injection attacks." In 2014 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indiacom.2014.6828063.

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Chen, Po-Chun, Heng-An Ku, and Pin-Cheng Lin. "Development of back-end process integration for implantable neurostimulation application." In 2017 IEEE 19th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2017.8277542.

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Suryana, Muhammad Eka, Andri Rahmanto, and Med Irzal. "Assistive aquaculture breeding management system back-end architecture." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “DIGITALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS”. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0183893.

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Inazuki, Yuichi, Kimio Itoh, Sho Hatakeyama, et al. "Development status of back-end process for UV-NIL template fabrication." In Photomask Technology, edited by Hiroichi Kawahira and Larry S. Zurbrick. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.803615.

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Barbanera, M., S. Citraro, C. Magazzu, et al. "Design and Development of the Back-End Electronics for the IXPE Mission." In 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic42677.2020.9507935.

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Huang, Jun-Ji, J. H. Yeh, Ying Luo, Li Wu, and Youxian Wen. "Development of back-end-of-the-line applications using optical digital profilometry (ODP)." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by John A. Allgair and Christopher J. Raymond. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.769257.

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Reports on the topic "Back­end development"

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Howard, Jo, Evert-jan Quak, and Jim Woodhill. A Practical Approach for Supporting Learning in Development Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.120.

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The Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme, which started in 2016, comes to an end in September 2022. K4D is a programme funded by and for the UK Government’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (initially with the Department for International Development, DFID, which was merged with the FCO in 2020). To reflect on the processes and approaches of learning that K4D enabled over the years, a special Working Paper series will be published. One important pillar of the programme was to facilitate learning processes through learning journeys. A total of 33 learning
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Martin, Matthew, Jo Walker, Kwesi W. Obeng, and Christian Hallum. The West Africa Inequality Crisis: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Development Finance International, Oxfam, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8045.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and worsened the depth of inequality in West Africa. It has pushed millions into poverty. There is no end in sight due to the obscene global vaccine inequality, which means that less than 4% of West Africans had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 as at September 2021, compared with 52% in the United States and 57% in the European Union. In 2021, when COVID-19 infections are rising in West Africa, the critical support health and socioeconomic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 are being rolled back and replaced with austerity. Many governm
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Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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4

Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the contex
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5

Masci, Pietro. The Inter-American Development Bank and Sub-Sovereign Governments Development. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006811.

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This presentation discusses IDB support for sub-sovereign government development in Latin America. Detailed are the experience of the IDB in quantitative and qualitative aspects, the road for Latin American countries towards creditworthiness, and the application of risk assessment of sub-sovereign governments in Latin America. The presentation ends with lessons learned which includes: complexity of project vs. proportion of risk, revenue bonds vs. general purpose bonds, creative financing structures, the role of technical assistance, and the need of an IDB strategy/role along the continuum.
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Tique Andrade, Alfonso, Rosina Estol Peixoto, Héctor Mendoza Castro, and María Eugenia Roca. Procurement and Operational Efficiency: An Analysis of How IDB-Financed Projects are Executed. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010561.

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An important challenge faced by the Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) is to mitigate delays in the implementation of its operations. To this end, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) sponsored a study to identify implementation procurement factors that cause implementation delays. The study found that 26 percent of the sovereign guaranteed investment lending portfolio financed by the IDB experienced procurement-related delays, primarily explained by nine factors. Among the factors related to a wide variety of procurement aspects of the procurement cycle, from design, planning and biddi
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Rose, Jonathan, Josette Arévalo, Thaís Soares, Andreia Barcellos, Ruben Lamdany, and Dennis Leech. Evaluation of the Inter-American Development Bank's Governance. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004486.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) was founded in 1959 as an initiative of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries and the United States to support the development of the region through an institution in which LAC countries would play a leading role through their majority capital and voting shares but with significant participation of the United States. The Agreement Establishing the Inter-American Development Bank (the Agreement; IDB 1959/1996) articulated the desired balance of responsibilities and power between LAC and the United States. It also provided that the IDB's governanc
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González Arias, María Cristina, Ana María Linares, Francisco Andrieu, et al. OVE's 2022 Annual Report: Contributions from Evaluation toward Improving the Bank’s Development Effectiveness. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004763.

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The 2022 Annual Report by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE), Contributions from Evaluation toward Improving the Bank's Development Effectiveness, highlights findings and lessons from the different evaluations and products conducted throughout the year. It also presents the scope of the work dedicated to evaluation capacity development (ECD), knowledge, and dissemination efforts. We also preview the 2023-2024 work program, approved by the Boards of Executive Directors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and IDB Invest.
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Araujo, María Caridad. Summary Notes: First Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Early Childhood Development: August, 2010. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008066.

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The Inter-American Development Bank has launched a significant, multi-year program of analytical work on Early Childhood Development (ECD) in Latin America and the Caribbean. The objective of this program is to substantially increase the knowledge of ECD in the region, and to improve IDB's ability to give good advice to governments and others who work in this area. As part of this effort, IDB invited a group of international experts recognized for their contributions to the field to form part of IDB's Advisory Committee on ECD. This Advisory Committee convened for the first time in order to di
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McLean, Christine Lynn. "STREAM" Laboratory School for the Early Years. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013091.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) financed a project to establish a STREAM Laboratory School at the Maria Gall Hill ECD Center in Barbados, in collaboration with the Erdiston Teacher Training College. This initiative aimed to enhance early childhood education in Science, Technology, Reading, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STREAM) through play-based learning. The report details the implementation process, including the development of a STREAM-focused curriculum, professional development for educators, and the integration of innovative play-based methodologies. It highlights the suc
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