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Bryan, Kate Louise Halse. "The EPR paradox: back from the future." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2881.
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The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) thought experiment produced a problem regarding the interpretation of quantum mechanics provided for entangled systems. Although the thought experiment was reformulated mathematically in Bell's Theorem, the conclusion regarding entanglement correlations is still debated today. In an attempt to provide an explanation of how entangled systems maintain their correlations, this thesis investigates the theory of post-state teleportation as a possible interpretation of how information moves between entangled systems without resorting to nonlocal action. Post-state teleportation describes a method of communicating to the past via a quantum information channel. The resulting picture of the EPR thought experiment relied on information propagating backward from a final boundary condition to ensure all correlations were maintained. Similarities were found between this resolution of the EPR paradox and the final state solution to the black hole information paradox and the closely related firewall problem. The latter refers to an apparent conflict between unitary evaporation of a black hole and the strong subadditivity condition. The use of observer complementarity allows this solution of the black hole problem to be shown to be the same as a seemingly different solution known as “ER=EPR", where ‘ER’ refers to an Einstein-Rosen bridge or wormhole.
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Langová, Michaela. "Návrat z budoucnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232352.
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The cornerstone is a general view of the future as a world that is markedly different from ours. This vision of the future cannot be done due to the influence of presence. Inner inspiration is objects with unclear functions occurring in science fiction (stories Space Odyssey and AC Clark and iconic roadside picnic). Formally, the objects are inspired by different things from the world of science fiction (kryptonite, traffic alien machines from a newer version of War of the Worlds, Star Trek series and their transporters, etc.). Against this background, I am creating minimal objects with small signs of function as a testimony of traveler to the future. The basic material is a transparent silicone and LEDs.
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Salminen, Petter. "Torminator: A Tor fingerprinting suite : Or how the Tor-network might get a surprise attack from the future. “I’ll be back” – The Terminator." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationsnät, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163201.
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Tor is a very popular anonymisation software and network. For which we created Torminator, a fingerprinting suite written in the Java programming language. Fingerprinting is an attack type applicable to Tor utilising side-channel information from the network packets. With side-channel data, we can analytically access information that purportedly been hidden by design by Tor. Because Tor is a low-latency, low-overhead by design, it will leak communication patterns with intermediate (thus total) communication size. In our case this may able us figure out to which site/service the Tor user is using. This means that anyone with access to user’s traffic can use the fingerprinting attack to partly compromise the provided anonymity. By investigating such attacks, it may help us to better understand how to withstand and resist attacks from powerful adversaries such as state agencies. Torminator automatises the process for gathering fingerprints. It uses the official Tor Browser through its GUI to enter websites to recreate the real world scenario. This gives us real and reliable fingerprints without having to employ a human to do anything, as Torminator simulates user interaction on Tor Browser for us. We can also give Torminator a list of websites to fingerprint, making it easy to generate lots of fingerprints for a great number given sites. A contribution of Torminator, is that we improved on the previous de facto standard of the fingerprints collected from the available tools from previous works. We have gathered fingerprints and have now a dataset of 65792 fingerprints. Fingerprints like these can be used with machine learning techniques to teach a machine to recognise web-pages by reading the packet size and directions saved in the fingerprint files.
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Assaf, Dena. "From stones to structures : a sustainable future for development in the West Bank--Palestine /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10801.
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BRODERICK, MARTIN, and RASMUS PALM. "PSD2 - A Catalyst for the Future of Retail Banking : Banks’ strategies to reach a competitive advantage from PSD2 in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236492.
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The new EU regulation, revised payment services directive (PSD2), will change how the retail banking market works today. It will obligate banks, with the consumer’s consent, to provide access to account information and thus open up the market for new actors. This study aims to provide an understanding of the effects PSD2 will have on the retail banking market in Sweden and how the banks will act to cope with the changes it entails. There is a lack of academic articles on PSD2, and the reports that do exist are to the greater extent published by consultants. Hence, this report seeks to bridge that gap by exploring banks from a strategic point of view, taking a starting point in the theory of competitive advantage and open innovation, in order to analyse different banks’ strategies that they are considering when PSD2 is enforced. This will be a cornerstone for understanding the future development of the Swedish retail banking market. To gain in-depth knowledge about the banks’ strategies to cope with PSD2, a case study has been made where 10 semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 10 different banks operating in Sweden - this represents the greater majority of all banks in the Swedish retail banking market. From the empirical findings in this report, it is clear that very few banks consider that only complying to PSD2 is a good strategic alternative. Instead, most banks see greater business opportunities in PSD2 and from this study it is evident that the market is heading towards an open banking approach. However, the path towards open banking differs between banks. All banks will focus on becoming compliant but due to differences in size, capabilities and resources, the banks try to differentiate themselves through different approaches. Some banks will attempt an open banking approach immediately, while others will start by becoming a producer of services and from there decide whether or not to move into open banking. What has been made crystal clear from the analysis of the empirical findings, is that no banks will start off by becoming a distributor of more advanced customer data to third parties.Den nya EU-regleringen, andra betaltjänstdirektivet (PSD2), kommer att förändra hur bankmarknade fungerar idag. Det kommer att förplikta banker, med konsumentens samtycke, att ge tillgång till kontoinformation och därmed öppna marknaden för nya aktörer. Denna studie syftar till att ge en förståelse för de effekter som PSD2 kommer att ha på bankmarknaden i Sverige och hur bankerna kommer att agera för att klara de förändringar som medförs. Det finns få akademiska artiklar om PSD2, och rapporterna som finns är i större utsträckning publicerad av konsulter. Därför syftar denna rapport till att bidra med en akademisk rapport som utforskar banker från en strategisk synvinkel, med utgångspunkt i teorin om konkurrensfördelar och öppen innovation, för att analysera bankernas strategier för att möta PSD2. Detta kommer att vara grunden för att få en förståelse av den framtida utvecklingen av den svenska bankmarknaden. För att få en djupare förståelse av bankernas strategier för att möta PSD2 har en fallstudie gjorts där 10 halvstrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med 10 olika banker som är verksamma i Sverige - det motsvarar större delen av marknadsandelen på den svenska bankmarknaden. Från de empiriska resultaten i denna rapport är det uppenbart att väldigt få banker anser att endast följa PSD2 är ett bra strategiskt alternativ. I stället ser de flesta banker större affärsmöjligheter i PSD2 och från denna studie är det uppenbart att marknaden är på väg mot “open banking”. Vägen mot “open banking” skiljer sig mellan bankerna. Alla banker kommer att fokusera på att bli kompatibla men på grund av skillnader i storlek, kapacitet och resurser försöker bankerna skilja sig genom olika metoder. Vissa banker kommer omedelbart att ta sig an “open banking”, medan andra börjar med att bli en producent av tjänster och därmed bestämma huruvida de ska gå in i “open banking” eller inte. Vad som har tydliggjorts från analysen av de empiriska resultaten är att inga banker kommer att börja med att bli distributör av mer avancerade APIer till tredje parter.
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Berger, Thomas. "„Back to the Future“ : German style." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2010/4743/.
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Gonzales, Gary. "Rebooting the mission back to the future /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p046-0070.
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Leitner, John, Cory Bieganek, and Phillip Madsen. "Special operations liaison officer: looking back to see the future." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42673.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUnited States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) describes its vision for the global SOF network (GSN) as a globally networked force of special operations forces (SOF), interagency partners, and allies able to respond rapidly and persistently to regional contingencies and threats to stability. USSOCOM’s goals for the GSN are supported by three unique elements: capacity building, low-level presence, and the sum total of access agreements and posturing in the form of responsiveness. The command’s Special Operations Liaison Officer (SOLO) program embodies these three elements. In a time of shrinking budgets and personnel drawdowns, USSOCOM and supported special operations component commands are faced with critical decisions about shaping their respective forces for the future. This capstone focuses on the United States Army Special Forces (SF) officers’ role in the SOLO program by utilizing a multimethod approach to address concerns presented by SOLO program managers. To this end, we have presented three viable courses of action (COAs) for USSOCOM to pursue, in partnership with relevant stakeholders, for a renewed SOLO program. The COAs include: 1) enhancing the status quo, 2) capitalizing on historical lessons, and 3) aligning with current United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) initiatives. While current demands are significant, we can always look to our past to see our future.
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Robinson, Alphonso. "Privitization and the Prison System: Stepping Back to the Future." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu999616312.
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LaFaver, Zakary H. "Back to the Future: Taking a Trip Back in Order to Move Forward in Octavia Butler’s Kindred." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/215.
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Slavery is something that cannot be taken lightly. Even Butler says no matter how harsh the slavery in her novel is, it does not compare to how gruesome actual slavery was: “As a matter of fact, one of the things I realized when I was reading the slave narrative…was that I was not going to be able to come anywhere near presenting slavery as it was. I was going to have to do a some-what cleaned-up version of slavery, or no one would be willing to read it” (qtd. in Kenan 497). Octavia Butler knew that if she presented slavery directly and in a way that called people, most likely white males, that there would not be an audience for the novel. Instead she had to present slavery as something society shaped, rather than a specific group of individuals. An analysis of Octavia Butler’s Kindred reveals that societal expectations alter the dynamics of such interracial relationships as those between Dana and Kevin, Dana and Rufus, and Rufus and Alice, determining their success or failure without regard to the foundations upon which these relationships were initially built.
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Broman, Per F. "Back to the future : towards an aesthetic theory of Bengt Hambraeus /." Göteborg : Universitet, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370576221.
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Perkins, Tamara M. "Back to the future : well-being in a rural Tianjin township /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935446.
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Osterberg, Lars, David Hatem, Kevin Moynahan, Rob Shochet, and Erika Goldstein. "Back to the Future: What Learning Communities Offer to Medical Education." LIBERTAS ACAD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621731.
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Learning communities (LCs) have increasingly been incorporated into undergraduate medical education at a number of medical schools in the United States over the past decade. In an Association of Medical Colleges survey of 140 medical schools, 102 schools indicated that they had LC (described as colleges or mentorship groups; https://www.aamc.org/initiatives/cir/425510/19a.html). LCs share an overarching principle of establishing longitudinal relationships with students and faculty, but differ in the emphasis on specific components that may include curriculum delivery, advising/mentoring, student wellness, and community. The creation of LCs requires institutional commitment to reorganize educational processes to become more student centered. LCs are beginning to show positive outcomes for students including benefits related to clinical skills development, advising, and student wellness, in addition to positive outcomes for LC faculty.
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Bastkowski, Sarah. "From trees to networks and back." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49692/.
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The evolutionary history of a set of species is commonly represented by a phylogenetic tree. Often, however, the data contain conflicting signals, which can be better represented by a more general structure, namely a phylogenetic network. Such networks allow the display of several alternative evolutionary scenarios simultaneously but this can come at the price of complex visual representations. Using so-called circular split networks reduces this complexity, because this type of network can always be visualized in the plane without any crossing edges. These circular split networks form the core of this thesis. We construct them, use them as a search space for minimum evolution trees and explore their properties. More specifically, we present a new method, called SuperQ, to construct a circular split network summarising a collection of phylogenetic trees that have overlapping leaf sets. Then, we explore the set of phylogenetic trees associated with a �fixed circular split network, in particular using it as a search space for optimal trees. This set represents just a tiny fraction of the space of all phylogenetic trees, but we still �find trees within it that compare quite favourably with those obtained by a leading heuristic, which uses tree edit operations for searching the whole tree space. In the last part, we advance our understanding of the set of phylogenetic trees associated with a circular split network. Specifically, we investigate the size of the so-called circular tree neighbourhood for the three tree edit operations, tree bisection and reconnection (tbr), subtree prune and regraft (spr) and nearest neighbour interchange (nni).
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Heuft-Dorenbosch, Elisabeth Louise Johanna. "From inflammatory back pain to ankylosing spondylitis." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2006. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5379.
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Roland, Martin. "Back pain - two studies from general practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235902.
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Thompson, Matthew. "Fragments from a future archive." Thesis, Kingston University, 2011. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/23891/.
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This PhD introduces new ways to configure the archive as a source of knowledge. This is because it is based in an art practice whose field of interest is institutional critique which determines that knowledge is both contingent and uncertain as different social and political factors come into play. The project pursues a line of inquiry which absorbs the artist, where the artist is seen to affect and be affected by the materials of an existing archive. The inquiry produces new connections and layers of meaning in relation to the archive whilst exposing and recording the precise methods and motivations of the artist whose project is to re-imagine what an archive might be. This PhD project is triggered by a small act of transgression, where the artist manifests early intent by purloining a slide transparency from the archives of The Martin Luther King Memorial Library in Washington DC. This action determines the future trajectory of the project: a project which has its origins in the political and social upheavals in Washington during 1968; specifically in relation to Martin Luther King's Poor People's Campaign, the civil disturbances which followed King's assassination and the subsequent construction of the MLK Memorial Library which opened in 1972. The method of the inquiry is based upon the condition that the materials of the archive be extricated from institutional constraint and are re-deployed within an artistic practice, a practice which is situated in the present and is directly influenced by the effects and characteristics of the everyday. Consequently, archival materials are explored through a process of displacement and distraction, where a close examination of the oblique, mundane, arbitrary, overlooked and peripheral is brought into play. A future archive is imagined which expands upon previous models proposed by a number of artists emerging during the late 1960s such as Marcel Broodthaers, Mel Bochner, Robert Barry, Robert Smithson, Douglas Huebler and Allan Ruppersberg. The relevance of these artists' practices in relation to the field of knowledge that this project contributes to, is demonstrated in the manner in which specific histories are reassembled through a layering of past and present, fact and fiction, artist and subject. Equally significant is the way in which each artist employs documentation as a primary method and outcome within their practices. The project takes the form of an exhibition and several interconnected texts. The primary text 'Oriented Strand Board' (Section 2) employs a diary-like, first person narrative which unfolds over a single day. This text should be read first. Two accompanying satellite texts: 'Classified' (Section 3) - an expanded transcription from The Washington Post Classified; and 'Resurrection City' (Section 4) - a diary account by the late architect John Wiebenson - are meant to be considered during or after reading 'Oriented Strand Board'. In this way, official documents of the time are set next to a single day exposing the researcher's methods of placing disparate materials together to signal a resistance to certain or accretive knowledge. The 'OSB Manifesto' (Section 5) takes all the raw data from this Abstract (Section 1); i.e. the text itself, and reconfigures each word and punctuation mark in order to produce an alternative field of communication. A further text 'Viva Voce' (Section 6) accompanies the material described above. This additional text is a transcription from an audio recording of the Viva which took place om 25 January 2012 at Kingston University. The production and inclusion of this text serves to support and expand upon the transcribed material existing throughout the research. This PhD makes an original contribution to knowledge in the area of research into specific archives as it foregrounds the role of the artist researcher as protagonist within the research itself. The movements and preoccupations of the researcher embed themselves within an enquiry that conflates the historical with the imagination, where the bond between the author and research is exposed as one directly affected by the unfolding events of the present.
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Önal, Başar. "Designing for/from the Future." Thesis, Interactive Institute, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-23668.
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This thesis aims to introduce new methods within the field of experience design, an emergent interdisciplinary design discipline, using these methods as tools for debate and for the communication of new design concepts. An important part of the methods come from trendspotting practice and future studies methodology. The backbone of the final project is a “meta-method” which incorporates common methods surveyed so far: the “for/from” method. The first part of the “for/from” method is about designing prototypes and creating fictional narratives to project current trends into the future, the second part is perhaps less structured, but more ambitious, carrying fictional futures to the daily lives, to test and evaluate the scenarios created. Staging experiments and experiences around these proposed methodologies and testing the concepts through workshops forms the core of the proposed design practice. Since the domain of futures thinking is not populated by designers, it is of special importance to me as how designers might find a place in such interdisciplinary teams and how the organizational levels of these so-called complex experiential structures could allow designers to participate. I argue that experience designers not only design customer experiences to please and aestheticize products but they have the power to change people’s (rather than customers’) opinions, using the same tools the field of marketing and exhibition design offers them.SWITCH!
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Hancock, Adrian Nigel. "'Back to the future' : the career development of male adult returners to further education." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423830.
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Ruffner, Tacey L. "A study of time orientation, temporal integration and reading comprehension: Back to the future." Scholarly Commons, 1993. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2940.
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Problem. Lower-track high school students' combination of poor reading comprehension, present time orientation and shortened temporal integration is an area that has been identified in a range of divergent literature, but little studied in terms of educational practice. Previous research into time orientation and temporal integration has failed to investigate a connection with reading comprehension. Purpose. The purpose was to determine if there is a relationship between time orientation, temporal integration, reading achievement/high school track level and reading comprehension. Procedures. Two measures, a Time Orientation Questionnaire and a Cloze Test of Reading Comprehension, previously identified and pilot tested, were employed. One class in each of four track levels (College Preparatory, General, Remedial and ESL) at two high schools was tested. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings. The utility of the two measures was validated by this study. The data indicate that track placement affected 63% of the verb tense items reflecting time orientation on the Cloze Test, and 55% of the verb tense items reflecting temporal integration. The Cloze Test of Reading Comprehension differentiated among the four track levels of reading ability, and showed that there are temporal factors which are involved. These temporal factors have not been understood as elements which mediate between levels of reading comprehension. In addition, track placement affected 35% of the responses on the Time Orientation Questionnaire, which addressed future and present time orientations. Recommendations. The educational problem is how to accomplish temporal intervention by teaching about a broad range of temporality: (1) The teaching should focus on establishing a sense of the future, by starting from the present and incorporating the definite (past tense) and then the indefinite past (present perfect tense) in both teacher-student interactions and reading comprehension materials. (2) The primary vehicle is language and temporally-designed reading comprehension materials throughout the high school curriculum, indicating that a temporally-sophisticated curriculum can be designed to meet the needs of at-risk students.
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Syzmczak, Andrzej. "Index pairs : from dynamics to combinatorics and back." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28027.
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Baba-Kishi-Zadeh, K. "Crystallographic information from electron back-scattering diffraction patterns." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375379.
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Leskosky, Michael, and Cassandra G. Pusateri. "Five Timeless Teaching Strategies from Welcome Back, Kotter." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3158.
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In 1975, Gabe Kotter introduced himself as the teacher of the Sweathogs on the television show Welcome Back, Kotter. Through the use of several timeless teaching strategies, Mr. Kotter facilitated the success of students identified by others as unruly and in need of remediation. Forty years later, these teaching strategies continue to be culturally relevant and applicable. During this presentation, the presenters will provide an overview of five timeless teaching strategies demonstrated by Mr. Kotter, show brief video clips, and discuss related literature.
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Quant, Brenda D. "From the Back of a Bus Named Desire." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2118.
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Nitschke, Mattias. "“Nya gröna vågen”- the new back-to-the-landers : Growing new pathways to the future." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397898.
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In the face of climate change, political instability, ecological destruction, extinction of species and other global issues humanity is facing, various studies are showing that a radical societal transformation is needed to avoid an ecological collapse. This thesis explores the contemporary social-environmental phenomenon “nya gröna vågen” (new-back-to-the-landers) in Sweden as a response to an urgent need for societal transformation as well as a resistance to the conventional modern society. The aim of the study is to examine the material practices in which people within “nya gröna vågen” are involved, how their ideas relate to those practices, and what could be learned from the practitioners in terms of future pathways. To meet this aim, a variant of practice theory is used, which acknowledges non-human actors as well as ideas. Material practice is conceptualized as a network of associations of human and non-humans in specific time-spaces. The study uses semi-structured interviews with practitioners within “nya gröna vågen” and observations. The results show that practices within “nya gröna vågen” are connected to the physical surrounding where they are performed. The material practices of, for example, food provisioning, are understood as embodied understandings of the world made up by a network of human and non-human actors. Further, the material practices within “nya gröna vågen” are based on the idea of a co-creation of human and non-human actors shaping the world. The results also indicate how the actors’ material world-making practices responds to the current planetary situation. In response to what they perceive to be an ecological crisis, they have become involved in practices like regenerative agriculture, adapting to the evolving landscape and water projects. The results also present how the material practices bounded to a specific place as a platform for life are giving a sense of stability and belonging. A relational way of life where people are shaping new imaginations on how to navigate and make life in the future through practices in human/non-human networks.
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Nordström, Niklas. "Back to the Future : How the Lack of Land Delimits Recovery Following a Natural Disaster." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264881.
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Almost two years have passed since the strongest typhoon (Haiyan) ever to make landfall ripped through the Philippines. The typhoon left no one untouched, and many people are still struggling to recover. To pinpoint the specific mechanisms affecting a person’s ability to recover is not an easy task as all individual experiences are different. Previous studies have eloquently introduced variables that may affect the speed of post-disaster recovery, but some are still unknown or underexplored. With this thesis, I strive to contribute in filling this gap by suggesting that land tenure could be added as a variable of importance. Based on a field study, constituted by 441 surveys answered by people affected by the typhoon, as well as interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders of the recovery process, this thesis will propose to argue that even though there is no statistical evidence connecting tenure security with a speedy recovery, the lack of land delimits and delays recovery projects. The results do also indicate that the current buzzword of post-disaster recovery, social capital, yet again confirms its alleged role among the already established variables affecting the speed of recovery.
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Laniel, Dominique. "Synthèse de polymères d'azote par pression comme matériaux énergétiques du futur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS472.
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L’objectif de cette thèse doctorale fut la synthèse de composés polyazotés qui serviraient comme matériaux énergétiques du futur. Afin d’y arriver, les propriétés physico-chimiques de l’azote pur ainsi que des mélanges binaires xénon-azote, hydrogène-azote ainsi que lithium-azote furent étudiés à des pressions et températures extrêmes. Lors de la compression de l’azote pur jusqu’à environ 250 GPa et chauffé à 3300 K, une nouvelle forme d’azote polymérique constituée d’anneaux N6 interconnectés fut obtenue. À basse pression, les études du mélange Xe-N2 permirent de découvrir un composé de van der Waals de stoechiométrie Xe(N2)2. À plus haute pression et température (150 GPa et 2500 K) un solide composé de xénon et d’azote simplement lié fut obtenu. L’étude du système N2-H2 se focalisa sur le composé N2(H2)2. Sa structure complexe fut déterminée et, une réaction chimique vers 50 GPa ayant comme produit de réaction des azanes (NxHx+2) fut mise à jour. Il fut constaté que l’azane ammoniac (NH3), principalement obtenu, se transforme en hydrazine (N2H4)—pourtant a priori moins stable thermodynamiquement—lors de la décompression des échantillons réagit. Enfin, l’étude du système Li-N2 révéla une chimie remarquable entre ces deux éléments. Une grande variété d’anions d’azote fut obtenue, notamment N3-, [N2]~2 [N2]~1 et N5-. En particulier, le pentazolate de lithium (LiN5), contenant l’anion pentazolate hautement énergétique, put être récupéré aux conditions ambiantes. Ce composé est le premier composé polyazoté à haute densité d’énergie produit par pression et récupéré aux conditions ambiantes, démontré le potentiel des synthèses hautes pressions pour ce type de matériauThe goal of this thesis is to synthesize novel polynitrogen compounds by pressure as the next-generation high energy density materials (HEDM). To achieve this, the physico-chemical properties of pure nitrogen as well as the xenon-nitrogen, hydrogen-nitrogen and lithium-nitrogen mixtures were studied under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In the case of the compression of pure nitrogen, a novel polymeric nitrogen solid composed of interconnected chains of N6 rings was produced at 250 GPa and 3300 K. The low pressure Xe-N2 investigation revealed the formation of a stoichiometric Xe(N2)2 van der Waals compound. Above 150 GPa and 2500 K a xenon-polynitrogen material was observed. The N2-H2 study, focusing on the characterization and high-density behavior of the N2(H2)2 van der Waals compound, uncovered its pressure-induced chemical reaction near 50 GPa into azanes (NxHx+2), with ammonia (NH3) as the main constituent. Intriguingly, decompression of the reacted sample resulted, below 10 GPa, in the transformation of ammonia into its thermodynamically less stable counterpart hydrazine (N2H4). Lastly, the Li-N2 system proved to be of great interest due to the large array of anionic nitrogen moieties discovered (N3-, [N2]~2 [N2]~1 and N5-). In particular, lithium pentazolate (LiN5), containing the elusive energetically-rich pentazolate anion, was synthesized above 45 GPa and 2500 K. Moreover, it could be retained down to ambient conditions. It is the first polynitrogen HEDM produced by high pressure and retrieved down to ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of high pressure for the synthesis of industrially relevant HEDM
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Torre, Carazo Gonzalo de la. "From quantum foundations to quantum information protocols and back." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/319442.
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Physics has two main ambitions: to predict and to understand. Indeed, physics aims for the prediction of all natural phenomena. Prediction entails modeling the correlation between an action, the input, and what is subsequently observed, the output.Understanding, on the other hand, involves developing insightful principles and models that can explain the widest possible varietyof correlations present in nature. Remarkably, advances in both prediction and understanding foster our physical intuition and, as a consequence, novel and powerful applications are discovered. Quantum mechanics is a very successful physical theory both in terms of its predictive power as well as in its wide applicability. Nonetheless and despite many decades of development, we do not yet have a proper physical intuition of quantum phenomena. I believe that improvements in our understanding of quantum theory will yield better, and more innovative, protocols and vice versa.This dissertation aims at advancing our understanding and developing novel protocols. This is done through four approaches. The first one is to study quantum theory within a broad family of theories. In particular, we study quantum theory within the family of locally quantum theories. We found out that the principle that singles out quantum theory out of this family, thus connecting quantum local and nonlocal structure, is dynamical reversibility. This implies that the viability of large scale quantum computing can be based on concrete physical principles that can be experimentally tested at a local level without needing to test millions of qubits simultaneously. The second approach is to study quantum correlations from a black box perspective thus making as few assumptions as possible. The strategy is to study the completeness of quantum predictions by benchmarking them against alternative models. Three main results and applications come out of our study. Firstly, we prove that performing complete amplification of randomness starting from a source of arbitrarily weak randomness - a task that is impossible with classical resources - is indeed possible via nonlocality. This establishes in our opinion the strongest evidence for a truly random event in nature so far. Secondly, we prove that there exist finite events where quantum theory gives predictions as complete as any no-signaling theory can give, showing that the completeness of quantum theory is not an asymptotic property. Finally, we prove that maximally nonlocal theories can never be maximally random while quantum theory can, showing a trade-off between the nonlocality of a theory and its randomness capabilities. We also prove that quantum theory is not unique in this respect. The third approach we follow is to study quantum correlations in scenarios where some parties have a restriction on the available quantum degrees of freedom. The future progress of semi-device-independent quantum information depends crucially on our ability to bound the strength of these correlations. Here we provide a full characterization via a complete hierarchy of sets that approximate the target set from the outside. Each set can be in turn characterized using standard numerical techniques. One application of our work is certifying multidimensional entanglement device-independently.The fourth approach is to confront quantum theory with computer science principles. In particular, we establish two interesting implications for quantum theory results of raising the Church-Turing thesis to the level of postulate. Firstly, we show how different preparations of the same mixed state, indistinguishable according to the quantum postulates, become distinguishable when prepared computably. Secondly, we identify a new loophole for Bell-like experiments: if some parties in a Bell-like experiment use private pseudorandomness to choose their measurement inputs, the computational resources of an eavesdropper have to be limited to observe a proper violation of non locality.La física tiene dos finalidades: predecir y comprender. En efecto, la física aspira a poder predecir todos los fenómenos naturales. Predecir implica modelar correlaciones entre una acción y la reacción subsiguiente.Comprender, implica desarrollar leyes profundas que expliquen la más amplia gama de correlaciones presentes en la naturaleza. Avances tanto en la capacidad de predicción como en nuestra comprensión fomentan la intuición física y, como consecuencia, surgen nuevas y poderosas aplicaciones. La mecánica cuántica es una teoría física de enorme éxito por su capacidad de predicción y amplia aplicabilidad.Sin embargo, a pesar de décadas de gran desarrollo, no poseemos una intuición física satisfactoria de los fenómenos cuánticos.Creo que mejoras en nuestra comprensión de la teoría cuántica traerán consigo mejores y más innovadores protocolos y vice versa.Ésta tesis doctoral trata simultáneamente de avanzar nuestra comprensión y de desarrollar nuevos protocolos mediante cuatro enfoques distintos.El primero consiste en estudiar la mecánica cuántica como miembro de una familia de teorías: las teorías localmente cuánticas. Probamos que el principio que selecciona a la mecánica cuántica, conectando por tanto la estructura cuántica local y no local, es la reversibilidad de su dinámica.Ésto implica que la viabilidad de la computación cuántica a gran escala puede ser estudiada de manera local, comprobando experimentalmente ciertos principios físicos. El segundo enfoque consiste en estudiar las correlaciones cuánticas desde una perspectiva de 'caja negra', haciendo así el mínimo de asunciones físicas. La estrategia consiste en estudiar la completitud de las predicciones cuánticas, comparándolas con todos los modelos alternativos. Hemos obtenido tres grandes resultados. Primero, probamos que se puede amplificar completamente la aleatoriedad de una fuente de aleatoriedad arbitrariamente débil.Ésta tarea, imposible mediante recursos puramente clásicos, se vuelve factible gracias a la no localidad. Ésto establece a nuestro parecer la evidencia más fuerte de la existencia de eventos totalmente impredecibles en la naturaleza. Segundo, probamos que existen eventos finitos cuyas predicciones cuánticas son tan completas como permite el principio de 'no signaling'. Ésto prueba que la completitud de la mecánica cuántica no es una propiedad asintótica. Finalmente, probamos que las teorías máximamente no locales no pueden ser máximamente aleatorias, mientras que la mecánica cuántica lo es. Ésto muestra que hay una compensación entre la no localidad de una teoría y su capacidad para generar aleatoriedad. También probamos que la mecánica cuántica no es única en éste respecto. En tercer lugar, estudiamos las correlaciones cuánticas en escenarios dónde algunas partes tienen restricciones en el número de grados de libertad cuánticos accesibles. Éste escenario se denomina 'semi-device-independent'. Aquí encontramos una caracterización completa de éstas correlaciones mediante una jerarquía de conjuntos que aproximan al conjunto buscado desde fuera y que pueden ser caracterizados a su vez mediante técnicas numéricas estandar. Un aplicación de nuestro trabajo es la certificación de entrelazamiento multidimensional de manera 'device-independent'. El cuarto y último enfoque consiste en enfrentar a la mecánica cuántica con principios provenientes de la computación. En particular, establecemos dos implicaciones para la mecánica cuántica de elevar la tesis de Church-Turing al nivel de postulado. Primero, mostramos que diferentes preparaciones de un mismo estado mixto, indistinguibles de acuerdo a los axiomas cuánticos, devienen distinguibles cuando son preparados de manera computable. Segundo, identificamos un nuevo 'loophole' en experimentos de Bell: si algunas partes en un experimento de Bell usan pseudo aleatoriedad para escoger sus medidas, los recursos computacionales de un espía deben ser limitados a fin de observar verdaderamente la no localidad.
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Bendell, Jacqueline. "Back to school : re-engagement from the adolescent perspective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52880.
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School absenteeism and disengagement is a growing concern among adolescents in North America. However, numerous students have been successful in reengaging into school and completing their education. As such, the purpose of this research was to contribute to literature on school re-engagement by exploring an adolescent perspective of the experiences that were helpful and unhelpful in returning to school. This qualitative study employed the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique (ECIT; Butterfield, Borgen, Maglio, & Amundson, 2009) to answer the following central research question: What meaningful experiences do adolescents perceive as influencing their high school re-engagement? More specifically, three sub-questions were addressed (a) What do adolescents perceive as being helpful in the re-engagement process? (b) What do adolescents perceive as being unhelpful in the re-engagement process? (c) What do adolescents feel would have been helpful during the time of their re-engagement? Semi-Structured interviews were conducted with 16 adolescents, ages 14-18, who had successfully re-engaged in high school after a period of problematic school absenteeism. Using a set of standardized procedures to analyze participants’ interview data, 14 meaningful categories emerged as being facilitative or hindering of the school re-engagement experience. According to participants, in decreasing order of importance, helping, hindering, and wish list categories included (a) teacher variables, (b) perspective shift, (c) emotional distress, (d) peer relationships, (e) family factors, (f) problem resolution, (g) sleep, (h) school factors, (i) consequences, (j) professional supports, (k) goal attainment, (l) extracurricular activity, (m) substance use, and (n) other priorities. Results of this study have important implications for training and practice. Moreover, directions for future research are discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Axmann, Martin. "Back to the future : the khanate of Kalat and the genesis of Baloch nationalism, 1915-1955 /." Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9780195476453.
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McCall, Brendan James. "Back to the future : the role of the Founding Fathers in shaping the new world order." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23553.
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Wrangsten, Caroline. "Back to the Future: Public Space Design by Girls : A case study of #UrbanGirlsMovement in Fittja, Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169397.
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Livability, sustainability, and accessibility in urban public space are growing concerns in urban research and policy agendas. The professional field, however, lacks perspectives for public space qualities. Academic research about women and girls’ involvement in the re-design of public spaces is scarce. The Swedish suburb of Fittja in Botkyrka municipality is characterized by modernism and functionalism and at the beginning of a large refurbishment process. In 2018, think tank Global Utmaning initiated #UrbanGirlsMovement Botkyrka with the purpose of improving the public spaces of Fittja together with multiple stakeholders, particularly girls and young women from Fittja. In this case study, multiple methods and concepts from feminist urban geography and public space research are applied to examine how livability is illustrated and understood by girls and in which ways these learnings can inform urban public space policies. The results highlight ways to discharge patriarchal structures in public space using a compact and multifunctional urban form, accessible to all citizens through a variety of unprogrammed activity options, vibrant hangspace and green beautification. A feminist approach to urban livability shows the importance of understanding the diversity of perspectives to livability in public space, and that these perspectives matter for how we understand planning principles.
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Mlambo-Ngcuka, Phumzile. "Back to the future : integrating retrenched mineworkers in the agricultural economy of O.R. Tambo District Municipality (ORTDM)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3648.
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Bibliography: leaves 128-138.This study focused on the identification of agricultural skills required to enable retrenched miners in OR Tambo District Municipality to engage in agriculture productively. This is set against the background of the history of mine labour being drawn significantly from thie area, together with recent changes in the mining industry which have resulted in many of the workers returning to the district retrneched and impoversihed. The study reviews the changing nature of work in the context of globalization and its impact on mine workers. It reviews current notions of adult education and the emrgence of such notions as the recognition of prior learning and multi-skilling as a response to these changes. There is also a review of recent policies that are meant to benefit retrenched workers in the rural areas of South Africa.
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Galli, Nick A. "Bouncing Back From Adversity: An Investigation Of Resilience In Sport." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1122410548.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Physical Education, Health, and Sport Studies, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 188, [6] p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-176).
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Arbona, Javier 1976. "Vieques, Puerto Rico : from devastation to conservation, and back again." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17918.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004."June 2004."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-121).
The donning of camouflage gear by military forces is uniformly understood to be an attempt to dissolve into a background matrix in order to deceive an enemy in combat, or in a combat simulation. This thesis examines the landscape of Vieques, Puerto Rico, to disprove such notion and move towards proving the opposite: that the military assembled the background matrix according to its own set of interests. Through different communication channels and agents, the military arranges the retrospective gaze into the landscape, recasting the past in the service of its future stratagems. The military communicates to visitors that they gaze at original, primeval nature, when in fact it is a successional vegetation misrepresented as primordial. This scenography proves nearly unquestionable when it is adopted by corporate tourism marketing at the end of the 20th century, but does not appeal to the leisure audience only. It also seduces all those that opposed the military, perpetuating an idea of Vieques without people in the process.
by Javier Arbona.
S.M.
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Hopkins, Ana Rosa. "Back-story in contemporary sculptural practice : from materials to incorporation." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617733/.
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This ‘by practice’ research project explored the function of back-story in contemporary sculptural art. It was driven by an ongoing artistic practice and resulted in a series of new artworks accompanied by an analytical commentary. Gérard Genette’s concept of analepsis within narrative literature was taken as an initial theoretical framework to test to what extent it might be applied to sculpture. Analysis of selected works by Joseph Beuys, Felix Gonzalez-Torres and Doris Salcedo, artists who used back-story in the context of trauma, led to modifications of the theory to account for the relationship between artwork and its back-story, notably its expression in materials. The use of narrative in sculptural art to provide a storied reading acts in combination with the work’s biography, although the work remains non-narrative in form, even lacking a ‘main’ narrative. The study discusses the ways the selected artists disclosed their ‘authored’ back-story, through title, paratext, public biography and reiteration of themes within an oeuvre. Back-story invoked what Genette called retroception – compelling the viewer to look again from a different perspective. Here, the autonomy of the artwork from its back-story is upheld. However, I posit that reading the art work in conjunction with its back-story alters the viewers’ experience by offering a storied entry into the work, situating the viewer at the ‘right’ distance in terms of emotional connection, and extending the reading time allowing more complex meanings to emerge. Investigation through making was prioritised, conducted through a process of ‘improvisation’ that explored various storied connections within original glass sculptures. As a result of reflecting on the results of a traditional glass inclusion process in my work, a new approach surfaced which I call incorporation: the partial embedding of a material within another as it solidifies. This process is seen to embody the concept of retroception and signal the connection to back-story. The research contributes to knowledge by providing a framework for an understanding of back-story in contemporary sculptural practice; demonstrating how incorporation can evoke and embody back-story; and, creating a body of original work that provides material for further investigation of back-story.
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Siegert, Philipp Jan. "Technical trading rules empirical evidence from future data." Saarbrücken VDM, Müller, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2887326&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Önal, Basar. "Designing for / from future : experiences, methods and debate." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Interdisciplinära Studier (IS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-2866.
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This thesis aims to introduce new methods within the field of experience design, an emergent interdisciplinary design discipline, using these methods as tools for debate and for the communication of new design concepts. An important part of the methods come from trendspotting practice and future studies methodology. The backbone of the final project is a “meta-method” which incorporates common methods surveyed so far: the “for/from” method. The first part of the “for/from” method is about designing prototypes and creating fictional narratives to project current trends into the future, the second part is perhaps less structured, but more ambitious, carrying fictional futures to the daily lives, to test and evaluate the scenarios created. Staging experiments and experiences around these proposed methodologies and testing the concepts through workshops forms the core of the proposed design practice. Since the domain of futures thinking is not populated by designers, it is of special importance to me as how designers might find a place in such interdisciplinary teams and how the organizational levels of these so-called complex experiential structures could allow designers to participate. I argue that experience designers not only design customer experiences to please and aestheticize products but they have the power to change people’s (rather than customers’) opinions, using the same tools the field of marketing and exhibition design offers them.
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Kaiser, Alexander, Florian Kragulj, Thomas Grisold, and Roman Walser. "Learning from an Envisioned Future - An empirical account." Academic Conferences and Publishing Interantional Limited, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4974/1/EJKM%2Dvolume%2D14%2Dissue%2D1.pdf.
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Innovation processes require organizations to transcend current boundaries. These include not only technological as well
as social limitations but "above all" the way we address the future. We are used to face the future with our existing knowledge and
experiences from the past. This strategy, however, can hardly lead to knowledge off the beaten path. We therefore suggest a new
learning approach for organizations, which enables to literally envision a desired future scenario and thereby, allows for the
creation of radical new knowledge. We argue that the created knowledge yields a higher degree of novelty and radicalness. Along
with an enhanced theory of learning including learning from the future, we present our empirical findings from comparing the
outputs of Learning from an Envisioned Future and learning from the past. For this purpose, we use data from two organizational
learning projects; one, which was conducted with a high school in Austria and another one, which was conducted with members of
the Austrian Economic Chamber. Our findings from both case studies suggest that Learning from an Envisioned Future does
produce significantly more paradigm challenging knowledge compared to the output gained from conventional learning from past
experiences. We conclude that the combination of both learning sources may lead to best learning outcomes in organizations.
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Petutschnig, Matthias. "Future Orientation and Taxes: Evidence from Big Data." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4483/1/SSRN%2Did2563548.pdf.
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The paper analyses whether various aspects of a country's tax system have a positive or negative
influence on individuals' attitudes towards the future. These attitudes are measured by an analysis
of Google search queries derived from Google Trends which allow constructing an online futureorientation
index for a sample of 58 countries. There results of this analysis indicate that capital
gains taxes and value added taxes discourage future-oriented behaviour. Also, high personal income
tax rates at the lowest income brackets discourage, whereas - surprisingly - the top marginal rates
could positively influence an individual's future orientation. The paper contributes to existing
research in three ways: First, it expands the existing tax literature by providing evidence that taxes
can influence very fundamental personal values, such as individuals' general attitudes towards their
future. Second, it contributes to a vast body of cross-cultural studies on future orientation by
introducing tax law. Third, by using Internet search patterns the paper introduces these large,
automatically gathered data sets into scientific tax research, thereby opening the possibility for
further research opportunities. (author's abstract)Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Gu, Jiayin, Honglei Li, Zhen Liu, Shufang Su, and Wei Su. "Learning from Higgs physics at future Higgs factories." SPRINGER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626569.
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Future Higgs factories can reach impressive precision on Higgs property measurements. In this paper, instead of conventional focus of Higgs precision in certain interaction bases, we explore its sensitivity to new physics models at the electron-positron colliders. In particular, we study two categories of new physics models, Standard Model (SM) with a real scalar singlet extension, and Two Higgs Double Model (2HDM) as examples of weakly-interacting models, Minimal Composite Higgs Model (MCHM) and three typical patterns of the more general operator counting for strong interacting models as examples of strong dynamics. We perform a global fit to various Higgs search channels to obtain the 95% C.L. constraints on the model parameter space. In the SM with a singlet extension, we obtain the limits on the singlet-doublet mixing angle sin theta, as well as the more general Wilson coefficients of the induced higher dimensional operators. In the 2HDM, we analyze tree level effects in tan beta vs. cos(beta-alpha) plane, as well as the one-loop contributions from the heavy Higgs bosons in the alignment limit to obtain the constraints on heavy Higgs masses for different types of 2HDM. In strong dynamics models, we obtain lower limits on the strong dynamics scale. In addition, once deviations of Higgs couplings are observed, they can be used to distinguish different models. We also compare the sensitivity of various future Higgs factories, namely Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), Future Circular Collider (FCC)-ee and International Linear Collider (ILC).
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Sancristóbal, Alonso Belén de. "Neuronal oscillations: from single-unit activity to emergent dynamics and back." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129072.
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L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és avançar en la comprensió del processament d’informació en xarxes neuronals en presència d’oscil lacions subumbrals. La majoria de neurones propaguen la seva activitat elèctrica a través de sinapsis químiques que són activades, exclusivament, quan el corrent elèctric que les travessa supera un cert llindar. És per aquest motiu que les descàrregues ràpides i intenses produïdes al soma neuronal, els anomenats potencials d’acció, són considerades la unitat bàsica d’informació neuronal, és a dir, el senyal mínim i necessari per a iniciar la comunicació entre dues neurones. El codi neuronal és entès, doncs, com un llenguatge binari que expressa qualsevol missatge (estímul sensorial, memòries, etc.) en un tren de potencials d’acció. Tanmateix, cap funció cognitiva rau en la dinàmica d’una única neurona. Circuits de milers de neurones connectades entre sí donen lloc a determinats ritmes, palesos en registres d’activitat colectiva com els electroencefalogrames (EEG) o els potencials de camp local (LFP). Si els potencials d’acció de cada cèl lula, desencadenats per fluctuacions estocàstiques de les corrents sinàptiques, no assolissin un cert grau de sincronia, no apareixeria aquesta periodicitat a nivell de xarxa.
Per tal de poder entendre si aquests ritmes intervenen en el codi neuronal hem estudiat tres situacions. Primer, en el Capítol 2, hem mostrat com una
cadena oberta de neurones amb un potencial de membrana intrínsecament oscil latori filtra un senyal periòdic arribant per un dels extrems. La resposta
de cada neurona (pulsar o no pulsar) depèn de la seva fase, de forma que cada una d’elles rep un missatge filtrat per la precedent. A més, cada potencial
d’acció presinàptic provoca un canvi de fase en la neurona postsinàptica que depèn de la seva posició en l’espai de fases. Els períodes d’entrada capaços de sincronitzar les oscil lacions subumbrals són aquells que mantenen la fase d’arribada dels potencials d’acció fixa al llarg de la cadena. Per tal de què el missatge arribi intacte a la darrera neurona cal, a més a més, que aquesta fase permeti la descàrrega del voltatge transmembrana.
En segon cas, hem estudiat una xarxa neuronal amb connexions tant a veïns propers com de llarg abast, on les oscil lacions subumbrals emergeixen de
l’activitat col lectiva reflectida en els corrents sinàptics (o equivalentment en el LFP). Les neurones inhibidores aporten un ritme a l’excitabilitat de la
xarxa, és a dir, que els episodis en què la inhibició és baixa, la probabilitat d’una descàrrega global de la població neuronal és alta. En el Capítol 3
mostrem com aquest ritme implica l’aparició d’una bretxa en la freqüència de descàrrega de les neurones: o bé polsen espaiadament en el temps o bé
en ràfegues d’elevada intensitat. La fase del LFP determina l’estat de la xarxa neuronal codificant l’activitat de la població: els mínims indiquen la
descàrrega simultània de moltes neurones que, ocasionalment, han superat el llindar d’excitabilitat degut a un decreixement global de la inhibició, mentre
que els màxims indiquen la coexistència de ràfegues en diferents punts de la xarxa degut a decreixements locals de la inhibició en estats globals d’excitació. Aquesta dinàmica és possible gràcies al domini de la inhibició sobre l’excitació. En el Capítol 4 considerem acoblament entre dues xarxes neuronals per tal d’estudiar la interacció entre ritmes diferents. Les oscil lacions indiquen recurrència en la sincronització de l’activitat col lectiva, de manera que durant aquestes finestres temporals una població optimitza el seu impacte en una xarxa diana. Quan el ritme de la població receptora i el de l’emissora difereixen significativament, l’eficiència en la comunicació decreix, ja que les fases de màxima resposta de cada senyal LFP no mantenen una diferència constant entre elles.
Finalment, en el Capítol 5 hem estudiat com les oscil lacions col lectives pròpies de l’estat de son donen lloc al fenomen de coherència estocàstica.
Per a una intensitat òptima del soroll, modulat per l’excitabilitat de la xarxa, el LFP assoleix una regularitat màxima donant lloc a un període refractari de
la població neuronal.
En resum, aquesta Tesi mostra escenaris d’interacció entre els potencials d’acció, característics de la dinàmica de neurones individuals, i les oscil lacions
subumbrals, fruit de l’acoblament entre les cèl lules i ubiqües en la dinàmica de poblacions neuronals. Els resultats obtinguts aporten funcionalitat a aquests
ritmes emergents, agents sincronitzadors i moduladors de les descàrregues neuronals i reguladors de la comunicació entre xarxes neuronals.The main objective of this thesis is to better understand information processing in neuronal networks in the presence of subthreshold oscillations. Most neurons propagate their electrical activity via chemical synapses, which are only activated when the electric current that passes through them surpasses a certain threshold. Therefore, fast and intense discharges produced at the neuronal soma (the action potentials or spikes) are considered the basic unit of neuronal information. The neuronal code is understood, then, as a binary language that expresses any message (sensory stimulus, memories, etc.) in a train of action potentials. Circuits of thousands of interconnected neurons give rise to certain rhythms, revealed in collective activity measures such as electroencephalograms (EEG) and local field potentials (LFP). Synchronization of action potentials of each cell, triggered by stochastic fluctuations of the synaptic currents, cause this periodicity at the network level.To understand whether these rhythms are involved in the neuronal code we studied three situations. First, in Chapter 2, we showed how an open chain of neurons with an intrinsically oscillatory membrane potential filters a periodic signal coming from one of its ends. The response of each neuron (to spike or not) depends on its phase, so that each cell receives a message filtered by the preceding one. Each presynaptic action potential causes a phase change in the postsynaptic neuron, which depends on its position in the phase space. Those incoming periods that are able to synchronize the subthreshold oscillations, keep the phase of arrival of action potentials fixed along the chain. The original message reaches intact the last neuron provided that this phase allows the discharge of the transmembrane voltage.I the second case, we studied a neuronal network with connections to both long range and close neighbors, in which the subthreshold oscillations emerge from the collective activity apparent in the synaptic currents. The inhibitory neurons provide a rhythm to the excitability of the network. When inhibition is low, the likelihood of a global discharge of the neuronal population is high. In Chapter 3 we show how this rhythm causes a gap in the discharge frequency of neurons: either they pulse single spikes or they fire bursts of high intensity. The LFP phase determines the state of the neuronal network, coding the activity of the population: its minima indicate the simultaneous discharge of many neurons, while its maxima indicate the coexistence of bursts due to local decreases of inhibition at global states of excitation. In Chapter 4 we consider coupling between two neural networks in order to study the interaction between different rhythms. The oscillations indicate recurrence in the synchronization of collective activity, so that during these time windows a population optimizes its impact on a target network. When the rhythm of the emitter and receiver population differ significantly, the communication efficiency decreases as the phases of maximum response of each LFP signal do not maintain a constant difference between them.Finally, in Chapter 5 we studied how oscillations typical of the collective sleep state give rise to stochastic coherence. For an optimal noise intensity, modulated by the excitability of the network, the LFP reaches a maximal regularity leading to a refractory period of the neuronal population.In summary, this Thesis shows scenarios of interaction between action potentials, characteristics of the dynamics of individual neurons, and the subthreshold oscillations, outcome of the coupling between the cells and ubiquitous in the dynamics of neuronal populations . The results obtained provide functionality to these emerging rhythms, triggers of synchronization and modulator agents of the neuronal discharges and regulators of the communication between neuronal networks.
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Ng, May Ling. "An emotional journey : from sensory attributes to packaging and back again!" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27976/.
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With the rapid proliferation of new products into the marketplace, understanding emotional responses may offer a differential advantage beyond traditional hedonic measures. Thomson et al. (2010) argued that consumers also associate other functional connotations (e.g. refreshing) and abstract feelings (e.g. sophisticated) to a product, referring to these associations (emotional, abstract and functional) as 'conceptualisations'. The aim of this project was to investigate the effect of the sensory attributes and packaging cues of commercial blackcurrant squashes on consumers' liking and conceptualisations. Initially, the sensory attributes of the squashes were characterised using a sequential approach of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS). Using QDA and TDS in tandem was revealed to be more beneficial than each on its own, providing a fuller sensory profile. Next, emotional response and liking within the squash category was measured using the EsSense Profile TM, in which consumers rated a predefined emotion lexicon (n=100) under three conditions: (1) blind, (2) pack and (3) informed (product and packaging). The project also measured how emotional, abstract and functional responses changed across blind, pack and informed conditions. A conceptual lexicon was defined by consumers (n=29), after which a different group of subjects (n=100) rated the squashes using the lexicon and a check-all-that-apply (CATA) approach (CD-CATA). The findings of both EsSense Profile and CD-CATA experiments revealed that intrinsic sensory attributes had more association with emotions and liking, than the packaging. Interestingly, the CD-CATA experiment suggested that extrinsic packaging cues had more association with abstract/functional conceptual responses. The relationship between liking and emotional responses to debranded squash (sensory attributes) was investigated comparing EsSense Profile and CD-CATA approaches. Both approaches yielded emotional data that clearly discriminated across the products more effectively than the hedonic scores. In addition, both approaches produced similar emotional spaces and product configurations. A two dimensional structure (pleasantness vs. engagement/activation) corresponding to published circumplex emotion models was observed in each method. The final phase of the PhD was to determine the relationship between sensory attributes of the squashes (as measured by QDA and TDS) and consumer responses (EsSense Profile and CD-CATA approaches). Sensory attributes in squashes that were found to drive liking and positive conceptual responses in consumers were 'natural processed blackcurrant' and 'natural sweetness'. The study also shows how some temporally dominant sensory attributes (e.g. 'minty') evoked positive conceptual responses in consumers. Throughout the thesis, recommendations regarding practical implications for emotion measurement and general ideas for future research are discussed.
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Flores, Garcia César O. "Phage--Bacteria Infection networks: from nestedness to modularity and back again." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53007.
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Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) are the most abundant biological life-forms on Earth. However, very little is known regarding the structure of phage-bacteria infections. In a recent study we showed that phage-bacteria infection assay datasets are statistically nested in small scale communities while modularity is not statistically present. We predicted that at large macroevolutionary scales, phage-bacteria infection assay datasets should be typified by a modular structure, even if there is nested structure at smaller scales. We evaluate and confirm this hypothesis using the largest study of the kind to date.
The study in question represents a phage-bacteria infection assay dataset in the Atlantic Ocean region between the European continental shelf and the Sargasso Sea. We present here a digitized version of this study that consist of a bipartite network with 286 bacteria and 215 phages including 1332 positive interactions, together with an exhaustive structural analysis of this network. We evaluated the modularity and nestedness of the network and its communities using a variety of algorithms including BRIM (Bipartite, Recursively Induced Modules), NTC (Nestedness Temperature Calculator) and NODF (Nestedness Metric based on Overlap and Decreasing Filling). We also developed extensions of these standard methods to identify multi-scale structure in large phage-bacteria interaction datasets. In addition, we performed an analysis of the degree of geographical diversity and specialization among all the hosts and phages.
We find that the largest-scale ocean dataset study, as anticipated by Flores et al. 2013, is highly modular and not significantly nested (computed in comparison to null models). More importantly is the fact that some of the communities extracted from Moebus and Nattkemper dataset were found to be nested. We examine the role of geography in driving these modular patterns and find evidence that phage-bacteria interactions can exhibit strong similarity despite large distances between sites. We discuss how models can help determine how coevolutionary dynamics between strains, within a site and across sites, drives the emergence of nested, modular and other complex phage-bacteria interaction networks.
Finally, we releases a computational library (BiMAT)to help to help the ecology research community to perform bipartite network analysis of the same nature I did during my PhD.
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Mądry, Aleksander. "From graphs to matrices, and back : new techniques for graph algorithms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66014.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-192).
The growing need to deal efficiently with massive computing tasks prompts us to consider the following question: How well can we solve fundamental optimization problems if our algorithms have to run really quickly? The motivation for the research presented in this thesis stems from addressing the above question in the context of algorithmic graph theory. To pursue this direction, we develop a toolkit that combines a diverse set of modern algorithmic techniques, including sparsification, low-stretch spanning trees, the multiplicative-weights-update method, dynamic graph algorithms, fast Laplacian system solvers, and tools of spectral graph theory. Using this toolkit, we obtain improved algorithms for several basic graph problems including: -- The Maximum s-t Flow and Minimum s-t Cut Problems. We develop a new approach to computing (1 - [epsilon])-approximately maximum s-t flow and (1 + [epsilon])-approximately minimum s-t cut in undirected graphs that gives the fastest known algorithms for these tasks. These algorithms are the first ones to improve the long-standing bound of O(n3/2') running time on sparse graphs; -- Multicommodity Flow Problems. We set forth a new method of speeding up the existing approximation algorithms for multicommodity flow problems, and use it to obtain the fastest-known (1 - [epsilon])-approximation algorithms for these problems. These results improve upon the best previously known bounds by a factor of roughly [omega](m/n), and make the resulting running times essentially match the [omega](mn) "flow-decomposition barrier" that is a natural obstacle to all the existing approaches; -- " Undirected (Multi-)Cut-Based Minimization Problems. We develop a general framework for designing fast approximation algorithms for (multi-)cutbased minimization problems in undirected graphs. Applying this framework leads to the first algorithms for several fundamental graph partitioning primitives, such as the (generalized) sparsest cut problem and the balanced separator problem, that run in close to linear time while still providing polylogarithmic approximation guarantees; -- The Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem. We design an O( )- approximation algorithm for the classical problem of combinatorial optimization: the asymmetric traveling salesman problem. This is the first asymptotic improvement over the long-standing approximation barrier of e(log n) for this problem; -- Random Spanning Tree Generation. We improve the bound on the time needed to generate an uniform random spanning tree of an undirected graph.
by Aleksander Mądry.
Ph.D.
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Carret, Jean-Claude. "Linear viscoelastic characterization of bituminous mixtures from dynamic tests back analysis." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET012/document.
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La caractérisation du comportement des matériaux bitumineux est primordiale pour pouvoir dimensionner les structures de chaussées, mais aussi pour prédire de manière plus précise leur durée de vie. En effet, ces matériaux sont soumis à des phénomènes complexes, mécaniques, thermiques, physiques et chimiques qui apparaissent souvent de manière couplée. Devant la complexité des problèmes observés et avec l’apparition des nouveaux matériaux et nouvelles techniques de fabrication, des études avancées de laboratoire et des modélisations rhéologiques sont nécessaires. Les méthodes existantes permettent de caractériser les matériaux en laboratoire grâce à l’utilisation de presses hydrauliques très couteuses. De plus, la plupart de ces essais ne sont pas adaptés à une utilisation directe sur chaussées. Dans cette thèse, un essai dynamique qui repose sur le phénomène de propagation d’onde a été développé pour caractériser les enrobés bitumineux dans le domaine viscoélastique linéaire. Il s’agit d’un essai non destructif, bien moins couteux que les essais existants et qui pourrait à terme s’adapter à une utilisation in-situ. Des méthodes complexes d’analyse inverse de propagation d’ondes en milieu viscoélastique ont été mises au point afin d’obtenir les propriétés thermomécaniques des enrobés bitumineux à partir des signaux mesurés expérimentalement. Les propriétés viscoélastiques linéaires de différents enrobés bitumineux déterminées à partir de l’essai dynamique développé ont été comparées aux résultats obtenus avec des essais cycliques plus conventionnels de traction-compressionCharacterizing the behaviour of bituminous materials is essential for the design of pavement structures and to predict their service life more accurately. Indeed, these materials are subjected to complex phenomenon, mechanical, thermal, physical and chemical that are often coupled. Due to the complexity of the phenomenon observed and with the emergence of new materials and new production techniques, advances laboratories studies and rheological modelling are necessary. With the existing methods, it is possible to characterize the materials in laboratories using expensive hydraulic presses. Moreover, most of these tests cannot be used directly on pavement structures. In this thesis, a dynamic test based on wave propagation was developed to characterize bituminous mixtures in the linear viscoelastic domain. It is a nondestructive test, far less expensive than the existing tests and that could be adapted for in situ measurements. Complex methods of inverse analysis of wave propagation in a viscoelastic medium were developed to obtain the thermomechanical properties of bituminous mixtures from the signals measured experimentally. The linear viscoelastic properties of different mixtures obtained from the developed dynamic test were compared to the results of more conventional cyclic tension-compression tests
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Kaiser, Alexander. "Learning from the future meets Bateson's levels of learning." Emerald, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TLO-06-2017-0065.
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Purpose: Previous studies showed that combining learning based on experiences in the past with learning from an envisioned future scenario results in more innovative and radical ideas, as well as in a higher number of covered content domains. However, currently there is no holistic learning theory that integrates both sources of learning. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether it is possible to extend Bateson's theory of learning, to link these two learning sources in one coherent framework.
Design/methodology/Approach: To answer this research question, the author draws on learning from an envisioned future, and tries to link it with the most important levels of learning in Bateson's framework.
Findings: This paper contributes to the literature by attempting to link the important but still underexplored aspect of "learning from the future" to the complex and multifaceted work of Bateson. Given the fact that both sources of learning and experience yield a great potential to create new knowledge, this study outlines a possibility to include both sources into one learning theory.
Research limitations/implications: This work provides the basis for further research in building a general holistic theory of learning to learn.
Practical implications: On the individual level, the proposed approach can be easily applied with systemic coaching processes in general and coaching processes in the fields of developing an individual vision in particular. In the field of organizational learning, the awareness of different learning sources and different learning modes on the one hand and knowledge about the implementation of enabling spaces (PE-ba, FE-ba) to support these various learning modes on the other hand help organizations to generate new knowledge and create innovative and sustainable solutions, products and services.
Originality/value: To the best of the author's knowledge, it is the first theoretical work that describes the integration of learning from past experiences and learning from future experiences in a methodological way.
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Rohleder, Rebekka. "Im/Possible Prisons: News from the Future of Work." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73701.
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Parker, Helen L. "Recovery from waste streams : working towards a sustainable future." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4176/.
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The overall aim of this project was to utilise green chemistry methodology to capture potentially harmful, toxic or valuable compounds from wastewater. Novel mesoporous materials, Starbon®, prepared from naturally abundant polysaccharides, have demonstrated significant potential as adsorbents for the uptake of a range of dyes and phenols. Through the use of different polysaccharide starting materials (starch and alginic acid) and different preparation temperatures, six materials were produced. The resulting materials were characterised by techniques including: solid-state NMR, nitrogen porosimetry, FT-IR, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The experimental results revealed that the materials exhibited high efficiency to remove dyes and phenols from aqueous media due to their high mesoporous nature. The adsorption process was described well by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis of the results indicated that adsorption was a physical process. Investigations into the capture of palladium from liquid waste and also greener methods of supported nanoparticle formation were also carried out. Biosorption of palladium by alginic acid and seaweed was highly successful, resulting in nanometer sized palladium deposits within the adsorbent. The catalytic activity of these materials was successfully demonstrated through the use of Heck and Suzuki reactions. Preliminary work exploring the first use of living plants to recover palladium from water and in situ production of catalytically active palladium nanoparticles also is presented. This novel process eliminates the necessity for nanoparticle extraction from the plant and reduces the number of production steps compared to traditional catalyst palladium on carbon. These plant catalysts have demonstrated high catalytic activity in a range of C-C coupling reactions, outperforming traditionally used palladium catalysts.
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Perras, Mélanie G. M. "Back to the Future: The Role of Possible Selves in Developing a Physical Activity Identity in Newly Retired Individuals." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34795.
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Retirement affords retirees increased time for participation in salutary activities like physical activity. Yet, evidence is mixed as to whether or not retirees use this time to increase their participation in physical activity. Greater knowledge of the factors affecting physical activity participation in retirement is needed. Retirement is also a life transition ripe with opportunity to redefine one's identity and place greater attention on health-enhancing behaviours. Thereupon, this dissertation was rooted in the self literature, as self perceptions such as identity and possible selves may be particularly relevant for understanding physical activity in retired individuals. As a result, the first aim of this dissertation sought to confirm, in a preliminary study (Study 1), the relationship between possible selves, physical activity identity and physical activity in retirees. Through questionnaire data collected concurrently, Study 1 showed that identity and possible selves were related to physical activity (Article 1). Moreover, positive associations were found between possible selves focused on physical activity and physical activity identity. Subsequently, the relationships between these variables were further probed to determine whether exercise identity mediated the relationship between physical activity possible selves and physical activity (Article 2). Questionnaire data collected across three time points (one month apart) showed that identity mediated the relationship between possible selves and behaviour - all related to physical activity. Together, these findings represented an important first step toward designing a relevant intervention for retirees which informed the second aim of this dissertation (Study 2). A possible selves intervention designed to increase physical activity identity and physical activity was tested (Article 3). Changes in these variables were compared across three groups of an experimental design: a repeated possible selves intervention, a one-time possible selves intervention, and a control group. All groups reported marginally higher levels of physical activity and physical activity identity, inconsequential to group assignment. Overall, the present dissertation makes contributions to the self literature especially with regards to new retirees. Nevertheless, limitations are acknowledged and discussed. Finally, future research avenues are presented.