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1
Dullin, Holger R., and William Tong. "Twisting Somersault." SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems 15, no. 4 (2016): 1806–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/15m1055097.
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Walton, James S. "Dr. Richard C. Nelson: The Penn State Biomechanics Laboratory and Its Impact on My Career." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (2021): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0300.
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In 1967, as an undergraduate gymnast, I developed an interest in the mechanics of twisting somersaults. In 1969, after expressing a desire to measure and model human motion in a doctoral program, I was advised that Dr Richard “Dick” Nelson was starting a unique program in biomechanics of sport at Penn State University. In September 1970, I was the fourth or fifth doctoral student to join the new program. In 1972, I photographed a cluster of 18 golf balls hung from a 4′ × 8′ sheet of plywood in Dick’s new biomechanics laboratory. The question: “Could I create a 3-dimensional scale that would allow me to locate these golf balls in 3 dimensions?” From these early beginnings, I went on to develop the mathematical foundation for “motion capture” and a career as an entrepreneur and scientist working in a very wide variety of industrial environments in the United States and abroad. Much of my success can be traced back to the 4 years I spent on the Penn State campus. Dick’s efforts in the late 60s and his persistence in the early 70s, and later, were instrumental in creating a new discipline: “Biomechanics of Sport.” Dick: Thank you.
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Yeadon, Maurice R. "Twisting Double Somersault High Bar Dismounts." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 13, no. 1 (1997): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.13.1.76.
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At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, four double somersault dismounts with one twist and four double somersault dismounts with two twists were filmed using two 16 mm cameras during the men's horizontal bar competitions. Contributions to tilt angle reached at the midtwist position, determined using computer simulations based on modifications of the data obtained from film, were used as measures of the twisting potential of various techniques. The amount of tilt produced was greater when total twist was greater and when the body was tucked rather than straight. The twisting techniques used varied with the timing of the twist within the two somersaults. Contact contributions were larger when there was more twist in the first somersault. When there was little or no twist in the first somersault, the major contribution came from aerial techniques that comprised mainly arm movements and asymmetrical hip movements in the flight phase.
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Tong, William, and Holger R. Dullin. "A New Twisting Somersault: 513XD." Journal of Nonlinear Science 27, no. 6 (2017): 2037–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00332-017-9403-4.
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Marinšek, Miha, and Ivan Čuk. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEG LOADINGS AT TAKE-OFF ON LANDING CHARACTERISTICS IN TWISTING SOMERSAULTS." Science of Gymnastics Journal 11, no. 3 (2019): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.11.3.289-298.
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The purpose of the study was to determine whether take-off asymmetry affects landing asymmetry. Eleven male gymnasts performed forward and backward somersaults with 1/2, 1/1, and 3/2 twists. The leading leg for each participant was defined according to the twisting direction. Ground reaction forces under each foot were measured with Parotec insoles. Absolute and relative measures of lateral asymmetry were used as dependent variables. Three-way ANOVA and a series of one-way ANOVAs were used to determine the main effects between take-off and landing. A series of paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to find differences between the leading and non-leading legs. Maximal ground reaction forces showed that the leading leg was set out to a higher load at take-off than the non-leading leg for twisting somersaults. There were no statistically significant differences found in the maximal ground reaction force between the legs at landings. Index of bilateral asymmetry indicated landings with negligible asymmetry. However, the maximal force differences between the legs in somersault 3/2 were higher when compared to other somersault variations. No evidence was found to affirm that the asymmetry at take-off affects asymmetry at landing in a twisting somersault. Presumably, gymnasts can take corrective measures during the aerial phase of the twisting somersault that effectively diminish the tilt of the body and enable gymnasts to prepare for the landing with small proportional asymmetry. Prudence is required as these proportions rise in the quantity of load with the height of the somersault.
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KAMON, Masayuki, and Kazuo YOSHIDA. "Dynamic Analysis of Twisting Somersault Motions." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 69, no. 680 (2003): 1072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.69.1072.
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Sanders, Ross H., and Barry D. Wilson. "Angular Momentum Requirements of the Twisting and Nontwisting Forward 1 1/2 Somersault Dive." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 1 (1987): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.1.47.
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This study investigated the in-flight rotation of elite 3m springboard divers by determining the angular momentum requirement about the transverse axis through the divers center of gravity (somersault axis) required to perform a forward 1 1/2 somersault with and without twist. Three elite male divers competing in the 1982 Commonwealth Games were filmed using high-speed cinematography while performing the forward 1 1/2 somersault in the pike position and the forward 1 1/2 somersault with one twist in a free position. The film was digitized to provide a kinematic description of each dive. An inclined axis technique appeared to be the predominant means of producing twist after takeoff from the board. The angular momentum about the somersault axis after takeoff was greater for the forward 1 1/2 somersault with twist than the forward 1 1/2 somersault without twist for all three divers. The difference in angular momentum between the two dives of each diver ranged from 6% to 19%. The most observable difference between the dives during the preflight phases was the degree of hip flexion at takeoff. There was more hip flexion at takeoff in 5132D than 103B for all three divers. This difference ranged from 9° to 18° (mean = 14°).
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Yeadon, Maurice R. "Twisting Techniques Used in Freestyle Aerial Skiing." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 5, no. 2 (1989): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.5.2.275.
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At the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics, six triple somersaults with three twists or four twists were filmed using two cameras. Angles describing body configuration and orientation were determined and were used as input into a computer simulation model of aerial movement. It was found that the twist angle of each simulation deviated from the corresponding angle obtained from film by less than 0.08 revolutions during the first somersault of each movement. Contributions to the tilt angle after one somersault were determined using simulations based on modifications of the film data. It was found that of the six competitors, two initiated the twist during the takeoff phase, two initiated the twist during the aerial phase, and two used a combination of both methods.
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Yeadon, Maurice R. "Twisting Techniques Used in Dismounts from the Rings." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 2 (1994): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.2.178.
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At the 1992 Olympic Games six full twisting double somersault dismounts were recorded with two video cameras during the rings individual apparatus finals in the men's Artistic Gymnastics competition. Angles describing body configuration were determined from video data and were input, together with initial orientation angle values and angular momentum components, into a computer simulation model of aerial movement. Mean absolute deviations between simulation and video after the completion of one half twist were 0.01 rev for somersault, 2.8° for tilt, and 0.08 rev for twist. When the estimate of the initial tilt angle was adjusted by up to 1° these deviations fell to 1.6° for tilt and 0.02 rev for twist. All 6 competitors produced the majority of the tilt using aerial techniques that were predominantly asymmetrical movements of the arms. Contributions to the subsequent removal of tilt were determined using reverse simulations, and again arm movements were the main contributors.
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Mkaouer, Bessem, Monèm Jemni, Samiha Amara, Helmi Chaabène, Johnny Padulo, and Zouhair Tabka. "Effect of Three Technical Arms Swings on The Elevation of the Center of Mass During a Standing Back Somersault." Journal of Human Kinetics 40, no. 1 (2014): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0005.
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Abstract Arms swing during standing back somersaults relates to three different “gymnastics schools”, each is considered “optimal” by its adepts. In the three cases, technical performance, elevation and safety differ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the mechanical variables of three different arms swing techniques in the performance of a standing back tucked somersault. Five high-level male gymnasts (age: 23.17±1.61 yrs; body height: 1.65±0.05 m; body mass: 56.80±7.66 kg) randomly performed standing somersaults under three conditions, each following a different arms’ swing technical angle (270°, 180° and 90°). A force plate synchronized with a three dimensional movement analysis system was used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. Significant differences were observed between somersaults’ performance. The back somersault performed with 270° arms swing showed the best vertical displacement (up to 13.73%), while the back somersaults performed with 180° arms swing showed a decrease in power (up to 22.20%). The back somersault with 90° arms swing showed the highest force (up to 19.46%). Considering that the higher elevation of the centre of mass during the flight phase would allow best performance and lower the risk of falls, this study demonstrated that optimal arms’ swing technique prior to back tucked somersault was 270°.
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Sanders, Ross H. "Effect of Ability on Twisting Techniques in Forward Somersaults on the Trampoline." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 11, no. 3 (1995): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.11.3.267.
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This study was designed to investigate the effect of ability on technique in the forward somersault with half twist (Barani) and the forward somersault with one and one half twists (Rudi) on the trampoline. Eleven trampolinists ranging in ability from elite (national representative) to early intermediate (regional representative) were analyzed using three-dimensional analysis techniques. Cumulative twist angle, rate of twist, angle of tilt of the twist axis, chest rotation, hip angle, and hip lateral flexion angle were measured. Characteristics of the arm actions were also assessed using an internal frame of reference. To generate twist in the Baranis, trampolinists tilted the axis between 5° and 14°; the amount of tilt was inversely related to ability (p < .05). In the Rudis, subjects tilted the axis between 15° and 23° using more asymmetrical arm actions and larger and more rapid hip extensions, hip lateral flexions, and chest rotations than in the Baranis. The timing and magnitude of the actions differed among the subjects and were related to ability.
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Yeadon, Maurice R., Sung-Cheol Lee, and David G. Kerwin. "Twisting Techniques Used in High Bar Dismounts." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 2 (1990): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.6.2.139.
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At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, eight full twisting somersault dismounts from the high bar were filmed using two cameras during the compulsory exercises of the Men’s High Bar competition. Angles describing body configuration and orientation were determined and were input into a computer simulation model of aerial movement. The deviations between simulation and film were less than 2.5° for tilt angles and less than 0.07 revolutions for twist angles. The twisting techniques employed were quantified using the tilt angle as a measure of twisting potential. Contributions to the maximum tilt angle were determined using simulations based on modifications of the film data. Each of the eight competitors obtained most of the tilt using aerial rather than contact techniques. In general, the majority of the aerial contributions arose from asymmetrical arm and hip movements.
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Mkaouer, Bessem, Monem Jemni, Samiha Amara, Helmi Chaabèn, and Zouhair Tabka. "KINEMATIC AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF COUNTER MOVEMENT JUMP VERSUS TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF STANDING BACK SOMERSAULT." Science of Gymnastics Journal 4, no. 3 (2012): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.4.3.61-71.
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The aim of this study was to compare the take-off’s kinetic and kinematic variables between three types of jumps from a standing position: counter movement jump with arm swing (CMJa), standing back somersault with landings on the spot (BSls) and standing back somersault with rear displacement at landing (BSld). Five elite level male gymnasts (age 23.17 ± 1.61 years; height 165.0 ± 5.4 cm; weight 56.80 ± 7.66 kg) took part in this investigation. A force plate and a 3D movement analysis system were synchronized and used for data collection. Statistical analysis via non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the take-off variables. The vertical component of force, peak power, impulse and displacement of the centre of mass were significantly different (P<). Similarly, the horizontal component of force, maximum speed, peak power and displacement of the centre of mass were significantly different (P<01). However, vertical velocity remained relatively constant. In conclusion, the standing back somersaults performed on the spot’s variables (without back displacement) were very similar to the ones analysed during counter movement jump with arm swing. The standing back somersault with landing on the spot allowed better force impulse. This was facilitated by a take-off closer to the centre of mass, unlike the standing back somersault with rear displacement in landing. Analysing kinetic and kinematic together, allowed the endorsement of linear regression equations enabling the prediction of some variables from others.
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Tang, Hai-peng, Kanji Shibukawa, Michiyoshi Ae, and Takashi Yokoi. "A biomechanical study on the generation of aerial twisting in somersault." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 34, no. 3 (1989): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003391714.
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Heinen, Thomas, Pia Vinken, and Patrick Ölsberg. "MANUAL GUIDANCE IN GYMNASTICS: A CASE STUDY." Science of Gymnastics Journal 2, no. 3 (2010): 43–56. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.2.3.43-56.
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Although the use of manual guidance in gymnastics is widely spread, little is known about the effects of this technique on movement kinematics. The goal of this case study was to evaluate the effects of two manual guidance procedures on movement kinematics of a back handspring and a back tuck somersault following a round-off on the floor. Based on assumptions of high-level coaches it was predicted that the sandwich-grip would have different effects on movement kinematics in both skills than the iliac crest/thigh-grip. We analyzed performance of n = 6 female gymnasts in the two skills with and without guidance. Manual guidance had significant effects on different kinematic parameters in both skills. From our results we concluded, that the sandwich-grip should be applied in the first instance if the coach’s interest is to optimize the angular momentum about the somersault axis and the second flight phase in the back handspring. The optimal guidance procedure in the round-off back tuck somersault routine would be a mixture of both, the sandwich-grip and the iliac crest/thigh-grip.
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Hwang, Inseong, Gukung Seo, and Zhi Cheng Liu. "Takeoff Mechanics of the Double Backward Somersault." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 2 (1990): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.6.2.177.
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This study examined the biomechanical profiles of the takeoff phase of double backward somersaults in three flight positions: seven layout double backward somersaults (L), seven twisting double backward somersaults (TW), and seven tucked double backward somersaults (TDB). Selected kinematic variables and angular momenta were calculated in order to compare the differences resulting from different aerial maneuvers. The amount of total body angular momentum about the transverse axis through the gymnasts' center of mass progressively increased from TDB to TW to L. The gymnasts performing the skill in the layout position tried to minimize the angle of block in a direction opposite the intended motion by maximizing the angle of touchdown and takeoff. In so doing, the horizontal velocity center-of-mass curve of the L showed a slowly decreasing curve compared with those of the other two somersaults while the vertical velocity curve of the L increased more slowly than the other curves during the takeoff phase. In all cases the legs played the dominant role in contributing to total angular momentum during takeoff.
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Alashram, Anas R. "Efficacy of Half-somersault Maneuver in the Treatment of Posterior Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials." Indian Journal of Otology 31, no. 1 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_135_24.
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Abstract This present systematic review focused on investigating the effects of the Half Somersault maneuver on posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC BPPV) and to specify the directions for the vestibular rehabilitation field. We searched “PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science” from inception to July 2024, for randomized trials that evaluate the effects of the Half Somersault maneuver on PC BPPV. The risk of bias was assessed using the “Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)” scale. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 143 individuals with PC BPPV (mean age = 42.66 years), were incorporated in the current review. Among them, 39% were males and 52% exhibited right sided BPPV. The selected studies ranged from a score of 6–7 out of 10 (median = 6.5), indicating good quality on the PEDro scale. The existing literature showed that the Half Somersault maneuver reduces PC BPPV symptoms. The initial findings presented that the effects of the Half Somersault maneuver on PC BPPV recovery are promising. It was proposed that the Half Somersault maneuver may not be suitable for obese people, individuals with neck, back, or lower limb injuries, or those with limited flexibility. Additional studies are strongly warranted to understand the immediate and long term impacts of the Half Somersault maneuver on people with PC BPPV. Objectives: This present systematic review focused on investigating the effects of the Half Somersault maneuver on posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC BPPV) and to specify the directions for the vestibular rehabilitation field. Methods: We searched “PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science” from inception to July 2024, for randomized trials that evaluate the effects of the Half Somersault maneuver on PC BPPV. The risk of bias was assessed using the “Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)” scale. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 143 individuals with PC BPPV (mean age = 42.66 years), were incorporated in the current review. Among them, 39% were males and 52% exhibited right sided BPPV. The selected studies ranged from a score of 6–7 out of 10 (median = 6.5), indicating good quality on the PEDro scale. The existing literature showed that the Half Somersault maneuver reduces PC BPPV symptoms. Conclusions: The initial findings presented that the effects of the Half Somersault maneuver on PC BPPV recovery are promising. It was proposed that the Half Somersault maneuver may not be suitable for obese people, individuals with neck, back, or lower limb injuries, or those with limited flexibility. Additional studies are strongly warranted to understand the immediate and long term impacts of the Half Somersault maneuver on people with PC BPPV.
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Potop, Vladimir, Olivia Carmen Timnea, and Marius Viorel Ulareanu. "Assisted Research of the Biomechanics Characteristics of the Complex Acrobatic Movement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 555 (June 2014): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.555.628.
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This paper is meant to highlight the biomechanical features of the technique key elements of the back layout somersault with 720° twist on floor at the level of junior girl gymnasts aged 12 to 14 years. This scientific approach led to the organization of a study conducted during the National Master Championship held from 16th to 18th of November 2012 in Nadia Comăneci Multifunctional Hall of Onești. A number of 8 gymnasts aged 12 to 14, members of the training junior team of Deva, participated in this study. The following methods have been used throughout this research: method of bibliographic study, method of pedagogical observation, method of video biomechanical analysis, using Physics Toolkit program, experimental method, statistical method (KyPlot) and method of graphical representation. The results of the kinematic features of sports technique key elements used in back layout somersault with 720° twist on floor highlight the phasic sequence of the execution, concerning the preparatory movement made from round-off back flip connection, moment of flip off of the floor, multiplication of body posture and the concluding posture - landing. The analytical video biomechanical processing of each segment pointed out the spatial - temporal indicators characteristics of sports technique key elements used in the back layout somersault with 720° twist on floor, according to the data on joints trajectories movement and the graphical representation of the whole body segments of junior gymnasts aged 12 to 14; the somersaults were performed under the conditions of National Master Championship of Artistic Gymnastics 2012. The effective use of the video biomechanical analysis method for the back layout somersault with 720° twist highlighted the kinematic and dynamic features of sports technique key elements in accordance with the performances achieved in competitions
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Litvinenko, Y. V., Tomasz Niznikowski, and V. N. Boloban. "Evaluation of the kinematic structure of indicators key elements of sports equipment exercise by postural orientation movements." Physical education of students 18, no. 6 (2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2014.0606.
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Purpose : Examine the kinematic structure of indicators key elements of sports equipment exercise (difficult to coordinate). The method of postural orientation movements. Material : The study involved acrobats jumpers on the path of high qualification (n = 7). The method used video - computer recording the movements of the athlete. Results : Identified nodal elements of sports equipment double back somersault tuck. Exercise performed after rondat and double back flip and stretch after rondat - flick (coup ago). In the preparatory phase of motor actions acrobatic exercises isolated and studied central element of sports equipment - starting posture of the body; in the phase of the main motor action - animation poses of the body; in the final phase - the final body posture (stable landing). Conclusions : The method of video - computer registration allowed to perform a biomechanical analysis and evaluation of key elements of sports equipment double back somersault tuck and a double back flip and stretch. Also gain new knowledge about the mechanism of the phase structure of movements when performing double somersaults.
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Parakhin, Victor Alexandrovich, and Alexandra Alekseevna Gerasimova. "STRUCTURE AND TECHNIQUE OF PERFORMANCE DOUBLE FLIP BACK WITH A TURN 360 DEGREES SKIERS OF HIGH QUALITY ACROBATS." Globus: psychology and pedagogy 7, no. 2(42) (2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2713-3060-42-2-7.
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Charbonneau, Eve, François Bailly, Loane Danès, and Mickaël Begon. "Optimal Control as a Tool for Innovation in Aerial Twisting on a Trampoline." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238363.
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Aerial twisting techniques are preferred by trampoline coaches for their balanced landings. As these techniques are not intuitive, computer simulation has been a relevant tool to explore a variety of techniques. Up to now, twisting somersaults were mainly simulated using arm abduction/adduction only (2D). Our objective was to explore more complex (3D) but still anatomically feasible arm techniques to find innovative and robust twisting techniques. The twist rotation was maximized in a straight backward somersault performed by a model including arm abduction/adduction with and without changes in the plane of elevation. A multi-start approach was used to find a series of locally optimal performances. Six of them were retained and their robustness was assessed by adding noise to the first half of the arm kinematics and then reoptimizing the second half of the skill. We found that aerial twist performance linearly correlates with the complexity of arm trajectory. Optimal techniques share a common strategy consisting of moving the arm in a plane formed by the twisting and angular momentum axes, termed as the best tilting plane. Overall, 3D techniques are simpler and require less effort than 2D techniques for similar twist performances. Three techniques which generate ∼3 aerial twists could be used by athletes because kinematic perturbations do not compromise the performance and the landing.
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Hemami, Hooshang, Bahman Khosravi-Sichani, and Kamran Barin. "Airborne and landing phases of a simplified back somersault movement." Computers & Electrical Engineering 53 (July 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2016.05.013.
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Natrup, Jens, Jana Bramme, Marc H. E. de Lussanet, Kim Joris Boström, Markus Lappe, and Heiko Wagner. "Gaze behavior of trampoline gymnasts during a back tuck somersault." Human Movement Science 70 (April 2020): 102589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2020.102589.
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Mkaouer, Bessem, Monèm Jemni, Samiha Amara, Helmi Chaabène, and Zouhair Tabka. "Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of Two Gymnastics Acrobatic Series to Performing the Backward Stretched Somersault." Journal of Human Kinetics 37, no. 1 (2013): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0021.
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Back swing connections during gymnastics acrobatic series considerably influence technical performance and difficulties, particularly in the back somersault. The aim of this study was to compare the take-off’s kinetic and kinematic variables between two acrobatic series leading to perform the backward stretched somersault (also called salto): round-off, flic-flac to stretched salto versus round-off, tempo-salto to stretched salto. Five high level male gymnasts (age 23.17 ± 1.61 yrs; body height 1.65 ± 0.05 m; body mass 56.80 ± 7.66 kg) took part in this investigation. A force plate synchronized with a two dimensional movement analysis system was used to collect kinetic and kinematic data. Statistical analysis via the non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank-sum test showed significant differences between the take-offs’ variables. The backswing connections were different in the take-off angle, linear momentum, vertical velocity and horizontal and vertical displacements. In conclusion, considering that the higher elevation of the centre of mass in the flight phase would allow best performance and lower the risk of falls, particularly when combined to a great angular momentum, this study demonstrated that the optimal connection series was round-off, flic-flac to stretched salto which enabled the best height in the somersault. Analysis of the results suggests that both connections facilitate the performance of single and double (or triple) backward somersaults with or without rotations around the longitudinal axis. Gymnasts could perform these later while gaining height if they chose the round-off, flic-flac technique or gaining some backward displacement if they choose the round-off, salto tempo.
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Radin Umar, Radin Zaid, Muhammad Naqiuddin Khafiz, Nazreen Abdullasim, Fatin Ayuni Mohd Azli Lee, and Nadiah Ahmad. "THE EFFECT OF TRANSFER DISTANCE TO LOWER BACK TWISTING AND BENDING PATTERNS IN MANUAL TRANSFER TASK." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 2 (2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.14559.
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Manual material handling (MMH) activities utilize human’s effort with minimal aid from mechanical devices. MMH is typically associated with poor lower back posture which can lead to lower back injury. The likelihood to develop musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) increases when poor working posture exist in combination with repetition and/or forceful exertion. In manual transfer activity, the distance between lifting origin and destination could affect workers’ exposure on poor lower back working posture. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of transfer distance to lower back twisting and bending pattern in manual transfer activity. Positional body joints data of 26 male subjects were captured using the combination of motion capture (MOCAP) system with MVN studio software. Calculated data were plotted against time to track subjects’ lower back twisting and bending behavior. In general, longer the transfer distance would result in smaller twisting angle but higher bending angle. Statistical analysis in this study suggests 0.75m to 1.00m as the optimum transfer distance to balance lower back twisting and bending exposure on workers. This study is envisioned to provide insights for practitioners to consider space requirements for MMH activity to minimize lower back twisting and bending, and consequently the development of MSDs.
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정재영 and 김영관. "Kinematic Comparisons between Single and Double Back Somersault Kicks in Taekwondo." TAEKWONDO JOURNAL OF KUKKIWON 6, no. 2 (2015): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24881/tjk.2015.6.2.155.
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Khosravi, B., S. Yurkovich, and H. Hemami. "Control of a Four-Link Biped in a Back Somersault Maneuver." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 17, no. 2 (1987): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309042.
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Noth, Niklas, and Thomas Köthe. "A Mathematical Model for the Take-Off in Platform Diving." Journal of Human Kinetics 80, no. 1 (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0097.
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Abstract In platform diving the take-off phase is of outstanding importance in order to achieve both a high level of performing quality and a high degree of difficulty. The diver has to produce the right forces and direction of the center of mass (COM) in order to attain the required angular momentum and dive height. To support the development of an optimum take-off technique, the Institute for Applied Training Science designed a dryland measuring and feedback system. Using the example of the dive back 1¼ somersault tucked in preparation for the dive back 3½ somersault tucked (207 C) from the 10-m-platform, kinematic and kinetic reference values for key positions were determined. Therefore, we developed a mathematical model using a multi-step examination plan with the following parts: (1) variables defined using nonparametric correlation analyses rs of the motion parameters, (2) statistical modelling to predict values of the parameters, (3) stochastic modelling. The model is based on a selection of 18 dives from 10 different elite divers of the German Swimming Federation (DSV). The approach presented provides helpful insights into the mechanisms of an optimal take-off, enables a target-performance comparison with objective motion parameters and therefore, enables individualized feedback to guide the training process more efficiently.
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Капкан, О. О. "Modeling of process of educating to physical exercises of youths 14—15." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2013.2.1019.
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Research: aim to optimize the mode of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15. For the decision of the put tasks the next methods of research: were used analysis and generalization of scientifically-methodical literature, resource of Internet, pedagogical testing, methods of the mathematical planning of experiment (FFE 22); design method.The plan of factor experiment gave an opportunity to study influence of amount of reiterations of exercises (Х1) and intervals of rest (Х2) on efficiency of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15, to use the complex going near the study of objects, that assumes the simultaneous varying of a few factors with the purpose of estimation of their influence and influence of their cooperations. The simultaneous varying factors on the special program provided the study of each of them in different terms. It allowed to get more reliable conclusions, suitable to the terms that change.It is set that the increase of efficiency of educational process is possible on the basis of analysis of regressive models, calculation of the optimal execution of physical exercises states in the process of their educating on the lessons of physical culture of schoolchildren 14—15.For guys 14 on efficiency of educating of «revolution aside» (98%), to the «headstand by force» (86%), priority influence has an amount of reiterations «throwing of small ball» (79%), on educating of «to somersault forward» is an interval of rest (86%), on educating of «to somersault back» (71%), to the broad «jump from a place» (54%) priority influence has cooperation of amount of reiterations and interval of rest.For guys 15 efficiency of educating of «to somersault forward» depends on the amount of reiterations (79%); to «revolution aside» (94%), to the «headstand by force» (67%) from the interval of rest; «to somersault back» (80%), to the broad «jump from a place» (97%) from cooperation of two factors.The results of analysis of variance testify that for guys 14—15 the optimal modes of educating are within the limits of 6—12 reiterations in a lesson with the intervals of rest 60—120 p. In the process of educating of guys it is 14 necessary to be oriented on the amount of reiterations in a lesson, for guys 15 on the increase of interval of rest and taking into account of cooperation of two factors.
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Granata, Kevin P., and William S. Marras. "A Biomechanical Assessment of Axial Twisting Exertions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 10 (1995): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901013.
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Axial twisting of the torso has been identified as a significant risk factor for occupationally related low-back disorders. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of dynamic twisting parameters upon spinal load. Measured trunk moments and muscle activities were employed in a biomechanical model to determine loads on the lumbar spine. Spinal loads were examined as a function of dynamic torsional exertions under various conditions of force, velocity, position, and direction. Results demonstrate significant flexion-extension and lateral moments were generated during the twisting exertions. Muscle coactivity was significantly greater than equivalent levels measured during sagittal lifting exertions. Relative spinal compression during dynamic twisting exertions was twice that of static exertions. Spine loading also varied as a function of whether the trunk was twisted to the left or right, and the direction of applied torsion, i.e. clockwise versus counter-clockwise. The results may help explain, biomechanically, why epidemiological findings have repeatedly identified twisting as a risk factor for low-back disorder
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Park, Jiho, and Sukhoon Yoon. "Kinematic Analysis of Back Somersault Pike According to Skill Level in Platform Diving." Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 27, no. 3 (2017): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/kjsb.2017.27.3.157.
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Davlin, Christina D., William A. Sands, and Barry B. Shultz. "The Role of Vision in Control of Orientation in a Back Tuck Somersault." Motor Control 5, no. 4 (2001): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.5.4.337.
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Dong, Ming Wang, Si Ming Luo, Ting Ting Yang, and Lin Wu. "Design of a Multifunctional Body-Building Rehabilitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.501.
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Design a special needle for a set of legs, waist, arms and back exercise and massage in one multi-functional fitness rehabilitation in view of the existing fitness equipment with single function, single object problems, to Mainly by foot, twisting part, transmission part of seat back massage department, and arm exercises section guide rail bracket and a base; the base is located in the bottom, in contact with the ground; the foot part of the drive through the bevel gear and the twisting seat part of a pair of meshing connection, and through the chain wheel bracket fixed with the base seat; twisting part and the guide rail bracket are fixed on a base; a back massage part arranged in the back part of the seat position twist, is fixedly connected with the guide rail bracket; arm exercise part is arranged right above the waist of the seat, and the guide rail and the guide rail bracket with the fuselage rear; with can move up and down and arm exercise device rotating machine has the entire fitness; a variety of functions, covering small area, can exercise and massage on people's legs, waist, back and arms, to meet the various needs of people.
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Shinkin, Vladimir N. "Plastic Twisting of Erect Metal Roller." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.487.
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The twisting of an erect round metal roller (beam, roll) has a place in many metallurgical processes. For example, in the rolls of a wide-band mill at rolling of metal slab, in the leading rolls of flattening machines, in the asymmetric three-roll machines at bending of metal sheet, and so on. Under the large external torques in an erect metal roll, the plastic deformations can occur, which lead to the large residual stresses after an unloading of round roll. These residual stresses can bend the axis of the roll or cause it to a collapse under the subsequent loads. To estimate the value of residual stresses, it is necessary to know the spring-back factor of roll at a twisting. In this article, we have obtained the spring-back factor of the erect roll under a twisting.
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Hindle, R. J., M. J. Pearcy, J. M. Gill, and G. R. Johnson. "Twisting of the Human Back in Forward Flexion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 203, no. 2 (1989): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_015_01.
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This paper addresses the role of torsion in the production of spinal injury and in particular the possibility of injury resulting from torsion combined with flexion. The back movement of 16 normal male subjects was measured using a non-invasive, three-dimensional measurement system for assessing spinal mobility, the opto-electronic CODA-3 scanner. Measurements were made of the ability to twist the back while standing upright and in two flexed postures. Rotational ability was shown, in general, to be increased in a flexed posture, presumed to be due to an opening of the lumbar zygapophysial joints. This suggests that twisting in a flexed posture could be a mechanism for intervertebral disc injury.
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Luis, Marlene, and Luc Tremblay. "Visual Feedback Use during a Back Tuck Somersault: Evidence for Optimal Visual Feedback Utilization." Motor Control 12, no. 3 (2008): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mcj.12.3.210.
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MATSUSHIMA, MASAHARU. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUMPING-MOTION AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING SOMERSAULT IN TRAMPOLINE: A CASE STUDY." Science of Gymnastics Journal 15, no. 1 (2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.1.64-74.
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This study investigated the relationship between jumping-motion and muscle activity during somersaults on a trampoline. Participants were 10 trampoline athletes (3 high-level and 7 middle-level). As for the protocol, the athletes performed a jump continuation of the jumping tucked backward somersault (Back) and the tucked forward somersault with half twist (Barani) on a trampoline. It was measured using an electromyogram (EMG) and video analysis. The jump was defined as “100 ms before touch” 100 ms before the subject landing on the trampoline bed and “Touch” at the moment of landing and “Lowest” at the moment of going down most and “Take off” at the moment of taking off. They were defined as “Before touch phase” from “100 ms before touch” to “Touch”, as “Down phase” from “Touch” to “Lowest”, and as “Upward phase” from “Lowest” to “Take off”. As a result, the trunk inclination angles of both the high- and middle-levels regarding the Back (middle-level 4.3±1.3°, high-level 7.0±2.4°) and the Barani (middle-level 9.2±1.7°, high-level 9.4±1.7°) during the Lowest phase were forward. There were no significant differences. The EMG amplitude of the rectus abdominis (p < 0.05) during the Upward phase and the erector spinae (p < 0.01) during the Before touch phase were significantly higher at the high-level. The trunk was inclined by using the erector spinae such as the high-level between Before 100ms touch and Lowest. Stabilization of the trunk by the activity of the rectus abdominis was the efficient movement of the lower extremity during the Upward phase.
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Pearcy, M. J. "Twisting Mobility of the Human Back in Flexed Postures." Spine 18, no. 1 (1993): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199301000-00017.
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Uddin, Mohammad Moin, Aminuddin A. Khan, Ahsanul Hoque Chowdhury, and Ranjan Kumar Guha. "Association of Low Back Pain with Common Risk Factors: A Community Based Study." Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 25, no. 2 (2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/ijopmr-25-2-50.
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Abstract Background Low back pain is very common in Asian communities. It is a major cause of activity limitation. Its risk factors were not studied well in Asian communities. This study was performed in the rural area to see the association of some common posture related and modifiable risk factors of low back pain. Methods This is a community based case-control study. Participants of both sexes between 30 and 60 years were selected who had low back pain. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire and fifty-one participants were interviewed from which 32 had back pain (cases). Risk factor association was compared with age and ethnicity matched 19 patients without low back pain (control group). Results The point prevalence of low backache was 63%. Mean age of the patients was 45.8 (±10.8 SD) years. Seventy per cent of the back pain patients were females and 30% were males. Back pain was significantly associated with the risk factor ‘bending and twisting movements of the body’ (OR= 4.6 with 95% CI= 1.1 to 18.9, p= 0.041). It was not found to be significantly associated with the other studied risk factors. Conclusion Low back pain had a very high prevalence in rural Bangladesh. Bending and twisting movements of spine was the only posture related significant risk factor of low back pain.
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Nurkertamanda, Denny. "POSTUR KERJA DAN RISIKO LOW BACK PAIN PADA PEKERJA PASIRAN." J@ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri 12, no. 3 (2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jati.12.3.149-154.
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Salah satu pekerjaan angkat angkut adalah pekerjaan menurunkan pasir dari atas truk. Dalam bekerja, pekerja menggunakan alat bantu berupa enggrong yang merupakan sekop dengan gagang pendek. Akibat penggunaan enggrong, pekerja bekerja dengan postur tubuh membungkuk. Postur kerja ini menimbulkan potensi low back pain pada pekerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 9 partisipan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi risiko low back pain berdasarkan sudut kemiringan trunk ketika pekerja bekerja menurunkan pasir dengan enggrong. Sudut kemiringan trunk yang diprediksi meliputi: 1) sudut kemiringan trunk flexion, 2) sudut kemiringan trunk bending, dan 3) sudut kemiringan trunk twisting. Data postur kerja diambil dengan menggunakan kamera 3D Microsoft KinectTM dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Siemen Jack metode 3D Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP) untuk memprediksi sudut kemiringan trunk. Hasil analisis dari ke-6 postur kerja menunjukkan postur-postur kerja yang sering dilakukan pekerja mempunyai rerata sudut kemiringan trunk flexion sebesar 61,10 ± 10,090, sudut kemiringan trunk bending sebesar 19,80 ± 6,740 dan sudut kemiringan trunk twisting sebesar 20,00 ± 9,030. Rerata sudut kemiringan trunk flexion yang mencapai 87,28 % dari sudut kemiringan maksimal merupakan penyebab utama risiko low back pain. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan potensi terjadinya low back pain pada pekerja pasiran dapat terjadi. Perlu intervensi ergonomi untuk mencegah dan mengurangi potensi risiko terjadi low back pain pada pekerja pasiran. AbstractOne of the manual matrial handling jobs is the derivative work from the top of the truck. In working the workers use a tool that enggrong which is a short-handed shovel. Due to the use of employee enggrong work with stooped posture. This work posture raises the potential for low back pain in workers. This study is a cross sectional study with a sample of 9 participants. The purpose of research is to find potential risks of low back pain based on angle trunk when workers work sent down the sand by enggrong. Angle trunk which is predicted covering: 1 angle trunk flexion, 2) angle trunk bending, and 3) angle trunk twisting. Work posture data was taken using Microsoft KinectTM 3D camera and analyzed by using Siemen Jack 3D Static Strength Prediction Program (3DSSPP) software to predict angle trunk. The result of the analysis of the 6 work postures showed that worker's frequently employed posture had the average angle trunk flexion of 61.10 ± 10.090, angle trunk bending of 19.80 ± 6.740 and angle trunk twisting of 20.00 ± 9.030. The average angle trunk flexion at 87.28% of maximal angle is a major cause risk low back pain. So that it can be summed up the potential for low back pain on sand workers. Intervention ergonomics need to prevent and reduce potential risks happened low back pain on sand workers.
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Wanless, Stephen. "The importance of body mechanics and the impact of nursing lifestyle." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 16, no. 4 (2017): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2017-0038.
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AbstractNursing staff experience more low back pain than many other groups, the incidence varies among countries. Work activities involving bending, twisting, frequent heavy lifting, awkward static posture and psychological stress are regarded as causal factors for many back injuries. Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of lower back pain, such as arranging proper rest periods, educational programmes to teach the proper use of body mechanics and lifestyle change programmes.
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Shan, Xinhai, Xiaopeng Ning, Zhentao Chen, Meng Ding, Weifei Shi, and Shulong Yang. "Low back pain development response to sustained trunk axial twisting." European Spine Journal 22, no. 9 (2013): 1972–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2784-7.
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Gautam, G. J., L. Gurung, N. Shrestha, P. S. Shrestha, and S. Neupane. "Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Low Back Pain among Nurses in Tertiary Level Hospital." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 12, no. 2 (2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v12i2.27172.
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Background: Low back pain is one of the common musculoskeletal health problems that occur most commonly in nurses among all Health workers. Different researches showed that nurses are suffering from low back pain due to many factors. This research was conducted to find the prevalence and contributing factors of low back pain among nurses.
 Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 110 nurses by using stratified proportionate random sampling method. Semi structured self-administered questionnaire with single and multiple responses was administered among nurses after taking informed consent. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 20 was used for analysis of data. Descriptive statistic (percentage and frequency) and inferential statistic (chi square) was used for the study.
 Result: Among 110 nurses, 64.5% were affected from low back pain and prevalence of low back pain of one year and one week was 60% and 20% respectively. The present working area was strongly associated with low back pain (p=0.000). Prolong standing (64.54%), bending and twisting (64.54%), heavy workload (62.72%), working in same positions (58.18%) were perceived factors of low back pain but heavy mental workload had no relationship with low back pain. Taking rest (99.1%), physiotherapy (92.7%) and taking medication (82.7%) were the factors that decreased low back pain. There was increased work restriction (46.4) and less productive and creative (42.7) due to low back pain.
 Conclusion: More than half of nurses were affected from low back pain. Prolonged standing, physical workload, bending and twisting were main contributing factors. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain proper body mechanics, periodic screening and timely rotation of nurses for the prevention of low back pain.
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Nishida, Hidefumi, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Sandeep Nathan, and Takeyoshi Ota. "Surgical Correction of Spontaneous Outflow Graft Twisting of HeartMate 3 LVAD via a Subcostal Approach." Heart Surgery Forum 25, no. 1 (2022): E152—E154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.4405.
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We present two cases of successful surgical correction of a HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD) outflow graft twisting through a subcostal approach. These twistings were diagnosed with computed tomography or pull-back pressure measurement. Technically, a subcostal approach allowed us to access directly the twisted outflow graft and the device connector in a less invasive fashion as compared with a re-sternotomy. Diagnostic modality and surgical tips that address graft twisting are presented within the discussion of these two case studies. The institutional review board of our institution approved this study and waived the requirement for informed consent.
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Abed Faisal, Asaad, and Turki Kahawish Hassan. "MAXIMUM POWER EXTRACTION USING TWISTING SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER FOR WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, no. 4 (2023): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.4.9.
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This paper presents a systematic control scheme for a wind energy conversion system with variable speed and describes a permanent magnet synchronous generator PMSG with five phases. The machine employs back-to-back converters, while the grid-side converters are used. Stator current and mechanical rotation speed control are employed to accomplish maximum power point tracking operation on the machine side converter at wind speed below the rated speed. The pitch of the angle is used to limit the extracted wind energy when the wind surpasses the specified wind. The grid current control loop regulates both active and reactive power injection at the unity power factor for the grid side converter. The five-phase PMSG rotor speed is controlled by the twisting sliding mode controller in order to maintain the reference speed in various wind speeds. Performance comparisons between the twisting sliding mode controller, conventional proportional integral controller, and integral sliding mode controller show that the twisting sliding mode controller is superior to the other controllers in steady state error. According to this study, the overall efficiency is increased to 94% when using the TSMC controller rather than the ISMC and PI controllers, which are currently at 92.45% and 88.12% respectively. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results are used to verify the effectiveness of the suggested control technique.
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Stanchev, Verislav, and Katya Vangelova. "Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nurses in Hospitals." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (2022): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8920.
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Background Healthcare is a sector with a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The work of nurses in a hospital is associated with stress, prolonged work, uncomfortable working postures, bending and twisting of the body and etc.
 Aim: To identify the risk factors for the frequency and localization of musculoskeletal complaints and diagnosed diseases of the musculoskeletal system in nurses in hospitals.
 Methods: The study is cross-sectional and comprised 1412 nurses female nurses from 19 hospitals in Sofia having an average age of 50.3±9.9 years. An ergonomic analysis of workplaces in hospitals was made. A survey was conducted in relation to the workplace, the workload, the working posture and movements; Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms were used, BMI. Information on musculoskeletal diseases diagnosed by a doctor was collected with Work ability index (WAI). The statistical analyses were made using SPSS.
 Results: The frequency of musculoskeletal complaints is high, complaints in the lower back being in the lead with 74.2%, followed by the back, neck and shoulders. A musculoskeletal disorder, diagnosed by a doctor, occurs in 35.6% of the individuals. Widespread is the prolonged work in a standing position, awkward working postures, bending, twisting and stretching. The data from the regression analysis show that the work with bending, twisting and stretching, prolonged work in a standing position and BMI are predictors of musculoskeletal complaints.
 Conclusion: The results indicate lack of good workplace organisation and equipment. The activity involves prolonged work in a standing position, awkward working postures and work with bending and twisting of the body. High is the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and the undergone treatment related to them.
 Key words: musculoskeletal disorders, workplace, working postures, nurses, hospitals.
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Niźnikowski, Tomasz, Jerzy Sadowski, Andrzej Mastalerz, et al. "Biomechanical Criterions to Estimate Round-Off Tucked Performance Among Acrobats Aged 10-11." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 18, no. 4 (2011): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10197-011-0024-4.
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Biomechanical Criterions to Estimate Round-Off Tucked Performance Among Acrobats Aged 10-11Introduction. The aim of the study was to carry out a biomechanical analysis of performing key elements of sports technique of the round-off tucked back somersault by acrobats aged 10-11. Material and methods. Thirty male acrobats participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). Training experiment (specially designed training program applied in the experimental group), experts' evaluation and film analysis were the methods used to evaluate effects of experiment. Results. The results of the experimental group were statistically significantly better than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. Training program based on teaching and improving key elements of technique may be recommended as one of the effective ways of teaching and improving the technique of selected acrobatic exercises of a coordinationally complex movement structure.
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Mkaouer, Bessem, Hounaida Akkari-Ghazouani, Samiha Amara, Raja Bouguezzi, Monèm Jemni, and Helmi Chaabene. "Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis of Landing during Standing Back Somersault Using Three Technical Arm Swings in Artistic Gymnastics." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 1 (2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8010010.
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The crucial criteria when assessing technical performance in artistic gymnastics is the higher elevation of the gymnast’s body and a stable landing (i.e., stick-landing). The purpose of this study was to compare kinetic and kinematic parameters during the landing phase of standing back somersaults (SBS) following three technical arm-swing performed during the preparatory phase in high-level male gymnasts. The three different arm-swing pertain to three “gymnastics schools”, i.e., Russian, Chinese, and Romanian. Six high-level male gymnasts participated in this study. Three arm-swing with different angles (i.e., SBS270°, SBS180°, and SBS90°) were randomly performed. A 3D kinetic and kinematic analysis was conducted. Results showed significant variation in the landing angle (p = 0.009) across the three arm-swing techniques. The SBS90° arm-swing resulted in the closest angle to the vertical. Additionally, the SBS90° arm-swing technique induced the lowest horizontal and vertical force values upon landing compared to the other arm-swing techniques (SBS270°: p = 0.023 and 0.009, respectively; SBS180°: p = 0.004 and 0.080, respectively). The same was noted for the horizontal velocity (p = 0.021) with the lowest values noted for the SBS90° arm-swing technique. However, the best opening angle was observed during the SBS270° technique, since it presented the best vertical displacement. In conclusion, the SBS with a SBS90° arm-swing seems to favor a better absorption of the ground reaction force upon landing by reducing the intensity of the impact with the ground and by affording a landing angle closer to the vertical in high-level male gymnasts.
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Zhou, Yutong. "Chronic Low Back Pain Treatment." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 74 (December 29, 2023): 1645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/7df9ck86.
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Chronic low back pain is the attachment point of lumbar muscle fascia and sola.t, and chronic inflammation damage. This is one of the common causes of low back pain. The main symptoms are lumbar or lumbar spine swelling pain, soreness, recurred, and pain changes with the degree of climate or accumulation. Lumbar pain can also from muscle pain to shooting, burning or stabbing. In addition, pain will emit legs. Bending, twisting, weightlifting, standing or walking will make the situation worse. Lumber muscles degeneration has a lot of different treatments like Muscle strengthening such as ab strengthening, gluteal strengthening, back strengthening to prevent muscle dystonia. Physical therapy, such as electromagnetic, ultrasonic, infrared, laser, acts on the human body through sound, light, electricity, heat, and plays the role of thinning tendons and activating complexions. Chinese medicine therapy such as electroacupuncture. This article is about the above three therapies, hope to provide reference for chronic low back pain treatment.
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Baida Ajeal Badir Al-Omairi and Len Nokes. "The Impact of Twisting on The Extent of Lower Lumbar Spine Lateral Flexion Among Healthy Subjects." Iraqi Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (2024): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijmhs.v1i1.13.
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Background: It is acknowledged that 84% of cases of pain are related to the spine. In one instance, low back pain is reduced by the spinal adjustment technique, which is predicated on exerting external stresses on the shoulder and pelvis to twist the human spine. A deeper comprehension of the biomechanical behaviour of the typical lumbar spine in each lower trunk rotational position will yield important information that can be translated into improved physical treatment line. Objective of study: The objective of this study was to utilize MRI to find how different lower trunk twisting positions influenced the extent of lower lumbar spine lateral flexion. Materials and Methods: Sagittal T2 weighted Magnetic resonance images of fifteen males with healthy spine structures were collected in order to evaluate the consequences of right and left lumbar spine rotations on the extent of lateral flexion of their lower backs. The extent of the lateral flexion at each contiguous lower lumbar vertebrae was measured manually by using image J software. Results: In proportion to the lower lumbar twisting positions, the extent of lateral flexion at the last three lumbar levels increased. At all twisting positions, the lateral flexion degree was greatest at fourth- fifth lumbar level. The mean differences of lateral flexion angle were significant only in the left twisting position at the fourth and fifth lumbar levels. Conclusion: The extent of lateral flexion at all lower lumbar segments grew in synchrony with the lower lumbar twisting positions. fourth–fifth lumbar level had the largest lateral flexion angle. But only in the left rotational position did the effect become noticeable. Consequently, this level may be the primary target of manipulative therapy during treatment.