Academic literature on the topic 'Backward-wave oscillator'

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Journal articles on the topic "Backward-wave oscillator"

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Chen Hongbin, 陈洪斌, 周传明 Zhou Chuanming, 胡林林 Hu Linlin, 马国武 Ma Guowu, 许冬明 Xu Dongming, 宋睿 Song Rui, and 金晓 Jin Xiao. "0.14 THz backward wave oscillator." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 4 (2010): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20102204.0865.

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Seidfaraji, Hamide, Ahmed Elfrgani, Christos Christodoulou, and Edl Schamiloglu. "A multibeam metamaterial backward wave oscillator." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 7 (July 2019): 073105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5100159.

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Bechasnov, A. M., V. L. Bratman, N. G. Kolganov, S. V. Mishakin, and S. V. Samsonov. "Voltage-tuned relativistic backward wave oscillator." Technical Physics Letters 36, no. 2 (February 2010): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785010020148.

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Goykhman, M. B., A. V. Gromov, V. V. Kladukhin, N. F. Kovalev, N. G. Kolganov, A. V. Palitsin, and S. P. Khramtsov. "Low-impedance relativistic backward wave oscillator." Technical Physics Letters 37, no. 4 (April 2011): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785011040109.

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Mutter, Patrick, Andrius Zukauskas, Anne-Lise Viotti, Valdas Pasiskevicius, and Carlota Canalias. "Degenerate Backward wave Optical Parametric Oscillator." EPJ Web of Conferences 243 (2020): 18003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024318003.

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Kitsanov, S. A., S. D. Korovin, A. I. Klimov, V. V. Rostov, and E. M. Tot’meninov. "Mechanically tuned relativistic backward wave oscillator." Technical Physics Letters 30, no. 8 (August 2004): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1792291.

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Abubakirov, E. B., A. P. Konyushkov, and A. N. Leontyev. "Relativistic Backward-Wave Oscillator with Parallel Wave Interaction." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 61, no. 5 (October 2018): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11141-018-9895-2.

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Ryskin, N. M., and V. N. Titov. "Self-modulation oscillatory modes in a relativistic backward-wave oscillator." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 42, no. 6 (June 1999): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02677588.

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Fan, Zhiqiang, Jun Sun, Yibing Cao, Zhimin Song, Yanchao Shi, Ye Hua, and Ping Wu. "A novel self-injection relativistic backward wave oscillator." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 13 (December 31, 2021): 135202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac453b.

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Abstract A novel self-injection relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) has been proposed. By introducing a self-injection path into the RBWO, a small portion of the energy in the reflector can be coupled to the upstream of the reflector, and then the formed electric field in the self-injection path region can pre-modulate the passing electron beam, to promote a frequency-locking oscillation of the electron beam. The pre-modulated electron beam can be expected to enhance the beam-wave interaction and suppress parasitic mode oscillation, which is beneficial for maintaining the dominant role of the operating mode. The proposed self-injection RBWO shows great potential for improving the conversion efficiency and pulse duration time. Through particle-in-cell simulation, a microwave with a power of 10.6 GW is obtained, when the beam voltage is 1.08 MeV, and the beam current is 18.6 kA. The conversion efficiency is 53%.
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Yeh, Y. S., T. H. Chang, C. T. Fan, C. L. Hung, J. N. Jhou, J. M. Huang, J. L. Shiao, Z. Q. Wu, and C. C. Chiu. "Nonlinear oscillation behavior of a driven gyrotron backward-wave oscillator." Physics of Plasmas 17, no. 11 (November 2010): 113112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3520616.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Backward-wave oscillator"

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Zhang, Liang. "Energy recovery system for a gyrotron backward wave oscillator." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18933.

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This thesis is based on the research project of a W-band gyrotron backward wave oscillator (gyro-BWO) using a helically corrugated waveguide which is currently being built and upgraded in the University of Strathclyde. The gyro-BWO was optimally designed through numerical simulations to achieve an output maximum power of ~ 10 kW with a -3 dB frequency tuning range of 84 - 104 GHz. To increase the overall efficiency of the W-band gyro-BWO, an energy recovery system of four-stage depressed collector was designed, numerically optimized and fabricated on the gyro-BWO. Microwave components including the Bragg reflectors, the side-wall coupler, the three-layer microwave window and the pillbox window were designed, simulated and measured to facilitate the practical use of the energy recovery system. This thesis includes the analytically calculated results, the numerical simulations as well as the experimental results of the said components and system. A 14-section Bragg reflector together with the side-wall coupler located at the upstream of the helically corrugated interaction cavity was used to couple the microwave radiation out. This allowed the installation of the depressed collector at the downstream side of the gyro-BWO. The transmission coefficient of the coupler was numerically optimized to achieve -1.0 dB over the frequency tuning range, from 84 - 104 GHz. The Bragg reflector measurement agrees well with the simulation. The input coupler achieves an average -13 dB reflection over the frequency in the measurement. Theoretical analysis of the pillbox type window and multi-layer window based on mode-matching method was carried out. The simulation and optimization of the pillbox window achieved a reflection of less than -15 dB in the whole operating frequency range of 84 - 104 GHz. The three-layer window can achieve less than 30 dB reflection in the frequency range of 84 - 104 GHz in the simulation. A three-layer window and a pillbox window which particularly optimized in frequency range of 90 - 100 GHz (the operating frequency range of the gyro- TW A that shares the same experimental setup as the gyro-BWO) were fabricated. With manufacturing constraints the design of the three-layer window achieved an average -10 dB measured reflection in 84 - 104 GHz and better than -15 dB in 90 - 100 GHz. In the downstream side of the gyro-BWO, another 18-section Bragg reflector was used to reflect the radiation back into the upstream interaction cavity. And the transmission coefficient of -30 dB was obtained in the microwave measurements using a VNA, which means the microwave power leakage was less than 1%. The measurement results agreed well with the simulations. A four-stage depressed collector was designed to recover the energy from the spent electrons. The 3D PlC code MAGIC and a genetic algorithm were used to simulate and optimize the geometry of the electrodes. Secondary electron emissions were simulated and a few emission models were compared to investigate their effects on the overall recovery efficiency and the backstreaming rate for the multistage collector. The optimization of the shape and dimensions of each stage of the collector using a genetic algorithm achieved an overall recovery efficiency of about 70%, with a minimized backstreaming rate of 4.9%. The heat distribution on the collector was calculated and the maximum heat density on the electrodes was 240W/cm2 and the generation of "hot spots" could be avoided. The electric field distribution inside the depressed collector was calculated and the geometries of these electrodes were properly shaped to avoid the voltage breakdown in vacuum.
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Donaldson, Craig Ross. "A W-band gyrotron backward wave oscillator with helically corrugated waveguide." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22627.

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This thesis presents the results of a successful W-band gyrotron backward wave oscillator experiment. Three major achievements presented in this thesis are: 1) The design, simulation, construction and operation of a cusp electron gun; 2) The design, simulation, optimisation, construction and experimental measurement of a W-band helically corrugated waveguide and 3) the operation of the world's first W-band gyro-BWO using both a helically corrugated waveguide and a cusp electron gun. Gyro-BWO interaction with a 2nd cyclotron harmonic axis-encircling annular electron beam was observed. The interaction region was constructed through an accurate electroplating method while the designed dispersion characteristics agreed well to the experimental measurements. The loss through the optimised construction method was low, recorded around 1dB through the frequency range of interest. The following work presents the analytical, numerical and experimental investigation of a proof of principle gyro-BWO experiment. The design, simulation and optimisation of a thermionic cusp electron gun that can generate a 1.5A, 40kV axisencircling electron beam are discussed. Simulations showed a high quality electron beam with ~8% velocity spread and ~10% alpha spread. Experiments were conducted using this electron gun and the accelerating voltage pulse, diode current, transported beam current are presented. The electron beam profile was recorded showing a clear axis-encircling beam image from which the electron beam diameter and alpha values can be measured. Microwave radiation was measured over a frequency range of ~91-100GHz with a approximate maximum power of ~0.37kW. Operating over the magnetic field range 1.79T to 1.9T and measured over a range of alpha values this result was very impressive and proved the successful operation of the gyro-BWO.
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Chipengo, Ushemadzoro. "Novel Concepts for Slow Wave Structures used in High Power Backward Wave Oscillators." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1499346841806681.

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Батіщев, А. С. "Дослідження взаємодії гармонік дифракційно-черенковського випромінювання у багатозв’язних квазіоптичних системах з періодичними неоднорідностями." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87400.

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Об’єктом дослідження дипломної роботи є гармоніки дифракційно-черенковсьго випромінювання у багатозв’язних квазіоптичних системах з періодичними неоднорідностями. Теоретичні методи дослідження, котрі використовуються в роботі, засновані на раніше досліджених класичних прикладах дифракційної електроніки в наближенні до заданого струму, та досліджена взаємодія гармоніки дифракційно-черенковського випромінювання у багатозв’язних квазіоптичних системах з періодичними неоднорідностями. Робота викладена на 84 сторінках, в тому числі включає 28 малюнків, 3 таблиці та список літератури з 45 джерел.
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Yu, Ching-Fang, and 余青芳. "TE01 Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillator." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01593338367789041436.

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博士
國立清華大學
物理學系
95
The gyrotron backward-wave oscillator (gyro-BWO) is a continuously tunable source of coherent millimeter-wave radiation based on electron cyclotron maser. The fundamental mode operation is generally adopted to simplify the experiment which can avoid the mode transition problem and the mode competition behavior. As the high frequency requirement increase, high order mode operation is an effective method to solve the structure size limit. A taper structure Ka-band gyro-BWO which operated at TE01 mode in cylindrical waveguide is designed in this thesis. The mode competition behavior is discussed which major unwanted competing mode is TE31 first harmonic oscillation. A single mode stationary code is employed to simulate the start oscillation current and nonlinear behavior of each interaction mode. The relative value of start oscillation current between operating mode and the other waveguide modes are applied to judge the operating stability. The question which we must consider is the short end boundaries to the TE31 mode. As a result, the close cavity structure brings about the gyromonotron dynamic which have lower oscillation threshold. A distributed loss is applied to suppress the unwanted oscillation but operating mode. A novel design and of high spectral purity Ka-band TE01 mode converter are presented to avoid the mode transition when wave coupled out. Back-to-back transmission measurements show excellent agreement with computer simulations. The measured optimum transmissions are 97% with 1-dB bandwidth of 5.8 GHz at center frequency 34 GHz. In addition to high conversion efficiency, high mode purity, and broad bandwidth, this converter also features easy construction and compact size. The preliminary experimental results show the spurious modes can be suppressed by distributed loss. The maximum output power is 46kW with efficiency 8% and the bandwidth is 3.7%.
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Liao, Cheng-Liang, and 廖宸樑. "Special Smith-Purcell grating backward-wave oscillator." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a3u668.

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碩士
國立清華大學
光電工程研究所
106
THz waves have potential in medicine, biophysics, and imaging. In order to fabricate a simple device with high efficiency, here we propose a special kind of Smith-Purcell grating backward-wave oscillator (BWO) for THz generation. First, the boundary conditions of the Smith-Purcell grating are solved by the Matlab code, and the operating frequency is determined by the dispersion relation and the beam line on the Brillouin diagram. Then we simulate the grating-structure by MAGIC 2D to observe the interaction between the structure and the electrons, and the results of the operating frequency in MAGIC 2D agree with the results in Matlab. Also, we simulate the grating with different current densities and beam-grating distances, and find that the restricted beam condition while operating at THz region. In order to enhance the coupling efficiency, also to make the structure easy to manufacture, “semi-open” grating is proposed. From the result of MAGIC 2D simulation, we find the magnitude of the B_z field is 4 times as large as the conventional Smith-Purcell grating BWO on the surface of the grating. In thick beam simulation, the parameters of the E-gun in NSRRC are applied to the ASTRA simulation to determine the magnetic field for beam focusing. The calculated magnetic field of the solenoids are 130gauss, 120 gauss and 170 gauss at 21.5cm, 33.5cm and 50cm respectively and the rms beam size equals to 0.41mm at 80.5cm. Yet in MAGIC 2D simulation, the upper portion of the electrons is not well modulated due to the asymmetric excited mode profile. We also propose another structure that contains both an optical grating and a dielectric coating metal plate. The dielectric layer provides the condition for stimulated Cherenkov radiation, and the excited magnetic field is 6 times of the field of single-side structure on the surface of the grating. We suppose it is a promising structure for enhancing the energy coupling between the beam and waves.
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Wu, Ting-Shu, and 吳庭旭. "Second Harmonic TE21 Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillator." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42474045171733932471.

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碩士
南台科技大學
電機工程系
92
The gyrotron backward wave oscillator (gyro-BWO) is a promising source of coherent millimeter wave radiation based on the electron maser instability on a backward waveguide mode. However, a high magnetic field requirement limit on its applicability as a millimeter-wave source. The required magnetic field is reduced by the harmonic operation in this project. The harmonic gyrotron backward-wave oscillator not only has the feature of the frequency tuning using by the applied magnetic field and beam voltage, but also has the low applied magnetic field and high beam current. A comparative analysis between the fundamental and second cyclotron harmonics of gyrotron backward-wave oscillators (gyro-BWOs) is analyzed presented. The simulation results reveal that the nonlinear field contraction is a common feature for both harmonics interactions. Besides, the electron transit angle, used to characterize the axial modes of the fundamental harmonic TE11 mode at the start-oscillation conditions, is found to be applicable even for the second harmonic TE21 mode. Each axial mode of either the fundamental harmonic TE11 or the second harmonic TE21 modes is maintained at a constant value of the electron transit angle while changing the operating parameters, such as magnetic field and beam voltage. Extensive numerical calculations have been conducted for the starting currents and tuning properties. A single-mode operating regime is suggested where the second harmonic TE21 gyro-BWO is stable with a decent output power, comparing with the fundamental harmonic TE11 gyro-BWO.
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Chen, Chih-Wei, and 陳致瑋. "Study of X-band Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76556307384698868760.

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Cheng, Nai Hao, and 鄭乃豪. "A study of THz gyrotron backward-wave oscillator." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m6gs8p.

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碩士
國立澎湖科技大學
電資研究所
101
High power terahertz (THz) wave can be applied to weather radar, remote detection of explosives, metal and non-metallic weapons, space communications, plasma diagnostics, DNP technique, material processing, electron spin , and resonance spectrum. However, high power and coherent THz sources are difficult to obtain. The gyrotron backward-wave oscillator, studied in this thesis, is capable of generating high-power radiation in the THz band, and its oscillation frequency can be continuously tuned by changing the voltage or magnetic field. A THz gyrotron backward-wave oscillator must operate at a high-order waveguide mode to enlarge the cross-section dimension of the waveguide for high power operation. In order to avoid the mode competition problems resulting from the high-order mode operation, this thesis adopts the coaxial waveguide as the interaction structure and selects a smaller radius ratio to reduce the number of competing modes. In addition, the outer radius of the coaxial waveguide is tapered to shorten the effective interaction length and increase the start-oscillation currents of the competing modes. The simulation results show that tapering the outer radius can not only effectively suppress the competing modes, but also change the operating magnetic field range of the operating mode to avoid the mode competition. Moreover, tapering the outer radius can also enhance the efficiency and increase the tuning bandwidth of the operating mode. Finally, the coaxial-waveguide gyrotron backward-wave oscillator, operating at a voltage of 30 kV and a current of 5 A, can generate an output power of 17 kW (efficiency 11.5%), a stable 3dB tuning bandwidth of 3.2 GHz (305.5 GHz ~ 308.7 GHz, 1.1 % ) .
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Chen, Nai-Ching, and 陳乃慶. "TE01 Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillator with Mode Selective Circuit." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70691579161214911386.

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Books on the topic "Backward-wave oscillator"

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Kosmahl, Henry G. Slow wave vane structure with elliptical cross-section slots, an analysis. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Kosmahl, Henry G. Slow wave vane structure with elliptical cross-section slots, an analysis. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Norbert, Stankiewicz, Podany Mark, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study of optical output couplers for submillimeter wavelength backward-wave oscillators (BWO's). [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Backward-wave oscillator"

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Shankar, Abhay, Krishna Kumar Belwanshi, A. Roy Choudhury, and R. K. Sharma. "Simulation and design of electron gun and focusing system for THz backward wave oscillator." In Computational Science and Engineering, 211–14. CRC Press/Balkema, P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands, e-mail: Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com, www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.com: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375021-41.

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Montes, C. "Self-structuration of Three-Wave Dissipative Solitons in CW-Pumped Backward Optical Parametric Oscillators." In Optical Solitons, 353–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36141-3_16.

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Ziqiang, Yang, Liang zheng, Li Jiayi, and Liu Shenggang. "Investigation of a gas-filled free-electron laser pumped by a relativistic backward-wave oscillator without magnetic field." In Free Electron Lasers 1997, II—139—II—140. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-82978-8.50168-8.

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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "Travelling wave tubes and backward wave oscillators." In Practical Terahertz Electronics: Devices and Applications, Volume 1. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-3171-5ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Backward-wave oscillator"

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Elfrgani, Ahmed, Artem Kuskov, Mikhail I. Fuks, and Edl Schamiloglu. "Millimeter wave overmoded relativistic backward wave oscillator." In 2018 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivec.2018.8391493.

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Jerby, Eli, George Bekefi, Avi Shahadi, E. Agmon, H. Golombek, V. Grinberg, and M. Bensal. "Backward-wave cyclotron maser oscillator experiment." In OE/LASE '94, edited by Howard E. Brandt. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.175760.

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Dayton, Jr., James A., Carol L. Kory, and Gerald T. Mearini. "Diamond-based submillimeter backward wave oscillator." In Optics East, edited by James O. Jensen and Jean-Marc Theriault. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.581200.

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Liu, Wenxin, Qingqing Ye, Xin Guo, Chao Zhao, and Zhaochuan Zhang. "Study on 0.5THz Backward Wave Oscillator." In 2019 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csqrwc.2019.8799358.

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Oviedo Vela, Guillermo A., Mark S. Miller, and Richard W. Grow. "9.1: Terahertz backward-wave oscillator slow-wave circuits." In 2010 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivelec.2010.5503543.

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Wang, Xin, Zhanliang Wang, Yabin Zhang, Xianbao Shi, and Yubin Gong. "Research on 220GHz relativistic backward wave oscillator." In 2015 8th UK, Europe, China Millimeter Waves and THz Technology Workshop (UCMMT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ucmmt.2015.7460608.

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Spencer, T. A., C. E. Davis, K. J. Hendricks, R. M. Gilgenbach, and M. J. Arman. "Long-pulse gyrotron-backward-wave oscillator experiments." In International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1993.593494.

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Baik, Chan-Wook, Ho Young Ahn, Yongsung Kim, Jooho Lee, Seogwoo Hong, Junhee Choi, Sunil Kim, George A. Collins, Lawrence Ives, and Jongmin Kim. "Development of W-band backward-wave oscillator." In 2012 IEEE Thirteenth International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivec.2012.6262237.

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Cao, Yibing, Jun Sun, Ping Wu, Zhimin Song, Yan Teng, Yuqun Deng, and Jialing Xie. "A powerful coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator." In 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2016.7735752.

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Zhang, Luqi, Yanyu Wei, Chong Ding, Xuebing Jiang, Yuanyuan Wang, Qian Li, Xia Lei, et al. "A 340GHz sine waveguide backward-wave oscillator." In 2016 41st International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2016.7758648.

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Reports on the topic "Backward-wave oscillator"

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Schamiloglu, Edl. Repetitively Pulsed Backward-Wave Oscillator Investigations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada278281.

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DeLucia, Frank C. Backward Wave, Oscillator Sources on Terhertz Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387370.

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Schamiloglu, Edl, and John Gahl. Backward-Wave Oscillator Investigations in the Raman Regime. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250738.

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Spencer, T. A., C. E. Davis, M. J. Arman, and K. J. Hendricks. FY92 Progress Report for the Gyrotron Backward-Wave-Oscillator Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada268982.

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McCowan, Robert B., Carol A. Sullivan, Steven H. Gold, and Arne W. Fliflet. Observation of Harmonic Gyro-Backward-Wave Oscillation in a 100 GHz CARM Oscillator Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232063.

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Gilgenbach, Ronald M. High Power, Ultra-Long-Pulsed Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada297731.

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Shamiloglu, Edl, Charles Fleddermann, and John Gahl. High Efficiency Vacuum and Plasma Filled Backward Wave Oscillators: A Critical Evaluation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294963.

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Granatstein, V. L. Plasma Microwave Electronics: Studies of High Power Plasma-Loaded Backward Wave Oscillators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada297853.

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