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1
Rusdy, Hendry, Rahmi Syaflida Dalimunthe, Ahyar Riza, and Ismahani Akilah D. "The disinfection effectiveness of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol against the number of bacterial colonies in dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital in October-December 2022." F1000Research 12 (June 21, 2023): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132941.1.
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Background: The application of disinfectants on dental instruments is one way to prevent cross-infection. Cross infection can occur due to microorganisms found in blood, saliva and dental plaque which can contaminate the instruments used by dental health workers. Thus, indirect contact transmission of pathogenic microorganisms occurs from instruments that have been contaminated by dental health workers. Ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol are disinfecting agents used to disinfect medical instruments. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of disinfection of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol in reducing the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital between October-December 2022. Methods: The samples used were mandibular molar pliers that have been used in tooth extraction procedures. This study was experimental and used three sample groups, where each group consisted of 10 tooth extraction instruments. The treatment group used ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol and the negative control group was cleaned with distilled water. The test effectiveness in this study used bacteria colony counter using the scatter cup method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The results of the data analysis showed a p-value ≤0.001, which means that there was a significant difference in the disinfection using ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol on the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments. The results of this study show that the average number of bacterial colonies formed in the ozone water treatment group was 4.00 ± 4.32, 16.00 ± 6.65 in the 4.8% chloroxylenol treatment group, and 217.50 ± 39.24 in the negative control group (Aquadest). Conclusions: From this study it can be said that ozone water is more effective in disinfecting dental extraction instruments than 4.8% chloroxylenol.
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Rusdy, Hendry, Rahmi Syaflida Dalimunthe, Ahyar Riza, and Ismahani Akilah D. "Ozone water or chloroxylenol: The comparison of disinfection effectiveness against the number of bacterial colonies in dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital." F1000Research 12 (May 24, 2024): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.132941.2.
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Background The application of disinfectants on dental instruments is one way to prevent cross-infection. Cross infection can occur due to microorganisms found in blood, saliva and dental plaque which can contaminate the instruments used by dental health workers. Thus, indirect contact transmission of pathogenic microorganisms occurs from instruments that have been contaminated by dental health workers. Ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol are disinfecting agents used to disinfect medical instruments. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of disinfection of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol in reducing the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital between October-December 2022. Methods The samples used were mandibular molar pliers that have been used in tooth extraction procedures. This study was experimental and used three sample groups, where each group consisted of 10 tooth extraction instruments. The treatment group used ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol and the negative control group was cleaned with distilled water. The test effectiveness in this study used bacteria colony counter using the scatter cup method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The results of the data analysis showed a p-value ≤0.001, which means that there was a significant difference in the disinfection using ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol on the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments. The results of this study show that the average number of bacterial colonies formed in the ozone water treatment group was 4.00 ± 4.32, 16.00 ± 6.65 in the 4.8% chloroxylenol treatment group, and 217.50 ± 39.24 in the negative control group (Aquadest). Conclusions From this study it can be said that ozone water is more effective in disinfecting dental extraction instruments than 4.8% chloroxylenol.
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Adhami, Ziya Ebrahim, Leila Erfanparast, Zahra Molaei, Javid Sadeghi, and Azam Yazdanparas. "Effect of 20-ppm ozone and 1% chlorhexidine gels on plaque index and Streptococcus mutans counts in the dental plaque in 6–12-year-old children: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 17, no. 3 (2023): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2023.40461.
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Background. One of the methods to control dental caries is to use ozone. Since it is difficult for children to use mouthwashes, the present study aimed to evaluate 20-ppm zone and 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gels’ effects on the plaque index and Streptococcus mutans counts in 6–12-year-old children. Methods. In the present double-blind clinical trial, 165 children, 6–12 years of age, referring to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to three groups: ozone gel, CHX gel, and control. The subjects were instructed to place an adequate amount of the gels on all the surfaces of their teeth with one clean finger. The patients and evaluators were blinded to the study groups. The plaque index and S. mutans counts in plaque samples were determined before intervention and three weeks after intervention on the buccal surface of the most posterior maxillary tooth (left or right). S. mutans counts were determined by culture. STATA software version 14 was used for statistical analyses using Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Dum tests. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. Results. The 20-ppm ozone and 1% CHX gels significantly decreased dental plaque compared to the control group (P<0.05), and their effects were similar (P>0.05). These gels significantly decreased the colonies and bacterial counts of S. mutans (P<0.05). Conclusion. The performance of 20-ppm ozone gel in decreasing the dental plaque and S. mutans counts was similar to 1% CHX gel.
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Kirilova, Janet, and Dimitar Kirov. "PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES IN CARIES-ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS BY GASEOUS OZONE." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 29, no. 1 (2023): 4805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2023291.4805.
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Introduction: The action of ozone is associated with the prevention of dental plaque formation, and the reduction of bacterial development supports the prevention of dental caries. This paper aims to establish the effect of gaseous ozone on developing new caries lesions two years after its application for caries-active patients. Material and Methods: Patients aged 30 to 50 were selected with no common diseases. They all have five or more caries on the teeth, without missing teeth. Patients were divided into two groups of 10 participants. One group had ozonation of all teeth, and another is a control group without ozonation. Results: After two years, the number of caries lesions in the group without prophylactic ozonation is more significant. The results showed that the patients in the ozonation group had significantly fewer primary caries than those in the control group( p≤0.0001). Conclusions: Repeated ozonation of all teeth according to the applied methodology (10 times, distributed twice a week by 24 seconds exposure to ozone in a gaseous state) has a caries-protective effect against new caries lesions.
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M.S, Serene, Shipra Jaidka, Rani Somani, et al. "NONFLUORIDATED REMINERALIZING AGENTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (2022): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15400.
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Early diagnosis of dental caries is of paramount importance. If we are able to intercept caries lesion at subsurface level with the help of remineralizing agents, we can actually achieve a caries free mouth.Remineralization was ruled by fluorides from the 1960s. Since then it has been successfully remineralizing carious lesions & has certain disadvantages like it is dependant on calcium and phosphate from saliva to accomplish this. Also overuse of fluorides can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. This made researchers to explore nonfluoridated remineralizing agents.ACP compounds are considered prime candidates for remineralization therapy due to their high solubility under oral conditions and ability to rapidly hydrolyze to form apatite. Casein phospho-peptides are responsible for the high bioavailability of calcium from milk and other dairy products. CPP have the ability to bind and stabilize calcium and phosphate in solution, as well as to bind to dental plaque and tooth enamel. CPP stabilize ACP, localize ACP in dental plaque, thereby maintaining a state of supersaturation with respect to tooth enamel, reducing demineralization. TCP is a new hybrid material & when TCP comes into contact with the tooth surface and is moistened by saliva, the protective barrier breaks down making calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions available to the tooth. Xylitol, sugar substitute especially in chewing gums which increases salivary flow rate and enhances the protective properties of saliva. Bioactive glass is made of synthetic mineral containing sodium, calcium, phosphorous and silica which are all elements naturally found in the body. Ozone can shift microbial flora from acidogenic bacteria to normal commensals allowing remineralization to occur. Nanohydroxyapatite, a bioactive and biocompatible material, functions by directly filling up the micropores in early caries lesions.On the basis of the available data authors have given an insight into different nonfluoridated remineralizing agents in this article.
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Ekren–Aşıcı, Gamze Sevri, Umut Kal, Seda Berberoğlu, and Funda Kıral. "The therapeutic effect of ozone–enriched propolis oil extraction in cats with gingivitis." Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias 35, no. 1 (2025): 8. https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e35540.
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In cats, gingivitis treatment typically involves professional dental cleaning under anesthesia, pain management, and antibiotic administration to reduce inflammation. Considering the disadvantages of antibiotic administration, the necessity for alternative acute treatment protocols arises. It is believed that enhancing the antibacterial, anti–inflammatory, and local anesthetic effects of propolis with ozone could shorten the treatment duration, help reduce the risks associated with gingivitis, and also support the overall health of the cat. The study included 20 domestic cats diagnosed with the causative agent of gingivitis presented to private clinics. The cats included in the study were grouped based on bacterial agents (n=10; Female=4, Male=6) and viral agents (n=10; Female=5, Male=5). Propolis extracted with ozone–enriched oil was administered in spray form for 14 days (d). Before the application and on the 7 th and 14 th d of the treatment, the gingival indices of the cats were recorded, scored, saliva samples were collected, and photographs were taken. The levels of VEGF and TNF– α in saliva were determined using a cat-specific ELISA kit. When the data were evaluated, the application of ozone–enriched propolis demonstrated a statistically significant reducing effect on the levels of TNF–α in saliva in both groups (P<0.01). Salivary VEGF levels showed a significant increase during application, especially in gingivitis caused by bacterial agents (P<0.05). In the viral group, application was found to be more effective in increasing VEGF levels during the first 7 d. In gingivitis caused by bacterial agents, the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) decreased compared to pre–treatment values (P<0.05). In gingivitis associated with viral agents, the decrease in the GI was statistically significant, while the decrease in the PI was found to be non– significant. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the application of ozone–enriched propolis might be an alternative treatment option for cats with gingivitis.
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Belay, N., R. Johnson, B. S. Rajagopal, E. C. de Macario, and L. Daniels. "Methanogenic bacteria from human dental plaque." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, no. 2 (1988): 600–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.54.2.600-603.1988.
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van der Veen, M. H., R. Z. Thomas, M. C. D. N. J. M. Huysmans, and J. J. de Soet. "Red Autofluorescence of Dental Plaque Bacteria." Caries Research 40, no. 6 (2006): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000095655.
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Waty, Syahdiana, and Nurul Hidayah. "Identification of Bacteria in Dental Plaque." Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health 7, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v7i1.21578.
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<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Oral health has an important role in overall body health. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of toothpaste with cinnamon ethanol extract against Streptococcus bacteria in vivo, analyze changes in the number of bacterial colonies before and after using toothpaste, and identify the type of Streptococcus bacteria in dental plaque. This pure experimental research was conducted at the Pharmacy Laboratory of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Medan and the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra. Samples included cinnamon extract, toothpaste formulation with 12.5% extract concentration, and dental plaque from 40 respondents. Data analysis used descriptive univariate test with SPSS 22.0 application. Results showed Gram-positive bacterial infections, especially Rothia dentocariosa (24%), dominated dental plaque, followed by Streptococcus mitis (16.4%). The use of cinnamon-active toothpaste was able to significantly reduce the number of bacterial colonies, especially at high concentrations. In addition, active compounds in cinnamon extracts such as cinnamaldehyde and eugenol showed the ability to damage bacterial cell walls and inhibit biofilm formation. Gargling was also shown to be effective in reducing bacterial colonies by clearing plaque and food debris. The conclusion of this study suggests that Gram-positive bacterial infections in dental plaque require special attention in management with appropriate antibiotics, while gargling and the use of cinnamon-based antimicrobial agents can be an effective preventive strategy. These findings support the development of natural ingredient-based oral health products to improve infection prevention and the quality of oral health care</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: Oral Health, Streptococcus, Cinnamon, Antibacterial, Dental Plaque, Gargling</em></strong>
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Abreu-Villela, Paula, Mario Ferraro, Renata R. Rodrigues, et al. "Ozone Therapy in the Prevention of Dental Plaque Formation in Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 38, no. 1 (2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08987564211013920.
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This study aims to assess ozonized mineral oil ointment application as an antiplaque therapy for dogs. Domestic healthy dogs received dental scaling and polishing under general anesthesia. Under standard feeding and homecare during 7 days, 20 dogs were randomly placed into 2 different groups for dental treatment. The control group (CG) was given a single placebo application and the ozone group (O3G) received daily ozonized ointment application. The average age (CG = 4.4; O3G = 5.7 years old), body weight (CG = 15.7; O3G = 15.3 kg) and the gingivitis index obtained on the first day (D0) allowed initial homogeneity between the groups. The dental plaque index, including clinical and computerized analysis on the seventh day, was obtained from the buccal aspect of specific dental locations. Both analyses revealed significant statistical association between daily application of ozone and antiplaque effect. There was no evidence of toxicity during the study. These results suggest that ozone therapy may be an efficient adjuvant to conventional periodontal treatment in decreasing initial dental plaque formation.
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Jun, Joon-Young, Min-Jeong Jung, In-Hak Jeong, Koji Yamazaki, Yuji Kawai, and Byoung-Mok Kim. "Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Algae against Dental Plaque Bacteria." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090301.
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Dental plaque biofilms cause various dental diseases; therefore, inhibiting the growths of the dental plaque bacteria which produce biofilms can be a strategy for preventing dental disease. Certain sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae exert antimicrobial activities against human bacterial pathogens in addition to their physiological benefits. On the basis of these observations, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of sulfated polysaccharides from different marine algae were evaluated against dental plaque bacteria. Among the sulfated polysaccharides, a fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus showed notable antimicrobial activities against the selected dental plaque bacteria, including some foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were of 125 to 1000 µg mL−1. Regarding the antibiofilm activity, the fucoidan at the concentrations of above 250 µg mL−1 completely suppressed the biofilm formations and planktonic cell growths of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus. However, no eliminative effect on the completed biofilm was observed. The fucoidan consisted of almost fucose base polysaccharide containing approximately 14.0% sulfate content. The average molecular weight of the fucoidan was changed by heat treatment (121 °C for 15 min) and it affected the antimicrobial activity.
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Elliott, David R., Michael Wilson, Catherine M. F. Buckley, and David A. Spratt. "Aggregative Behavior of Bacteria Isolated from Canine Dental Plaque." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (2006): 5211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01060-05.
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ABSTRACT Interbacterial adhesion of bacteria isolated from canine dental plaque was assessed by performing a visual coaggregation assay. Using conditions mimicking those likely to be encountered in vivo, the entire cultivable plaque microbiota from a single dog was assessed, and eight (6.7%) unique coaggregation interactions were detected for 120 crosses. Transmission electron microscopy was used to visualize several of the bacteria in isolation and as coaggregates, which revealed surface structures that may be involved in adhesion and coaggregation. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of coaggregating pairs of dental plaque bacteria in dogs is similar to the prevalence of coaggregating pairs of dental plaque bacteria reported in humans. In addition, genera found in both hosts generally exhibited similar coaggregation reactions; however, autoaggregation was found to be more common among oral bacteria isolated from dogs.
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Rudney, J. D. "Saliva and Dental Plaque." Advances in Dental Research 14, no. 1 (2000): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374000140010401.
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Dental plaque is being redefined as oral biofilm. Diverse overlapping microbial consortia are present on all oral tissues. Biofilms are structured, displaying features like channels and projections. Constituent species switch back and forth between sessile and planktonic phases. Saliva is the medium for planktonic suspension. Several major functions can be defined for saliva in relation to oral biofilm. It serves as a medium for transporting planktonic bacteria within and between mouths. Bacteria in transit may be vulnerable to negative selection. Salivary agglutinins may prevent reattachment to surfaces. Killing by antimicrobial proteins may lead to attachment of dead cells. Salivary proteins form conditioning films on all oral surfaces. This contributes to positive selection for microbial adherence. Saliva carries chemical messengers which allow live adherent cells to sense a critical density of conspecifics. Growth begins, and thick biofilms may become resistant to antimicrobial substances. Salivary macromolecules may be catabolized, but salivary flow also may clear dietary substrates. Salivary proteins act in ways that benefit both host and microbe. All have multiple functions, and many do the same job. They form heterotypic complexes, which may exist in large micelle-like structures. These issues make it useful to compare subjects whose saliva functions differently. We have developed a simultaneous assay for aggregation, killing, live adherence, and dead adherence of oral species. Screening of 149 subjects has defined high killing/low adherence, low killing/high adherence, high killing/high adherence, and low killing/low adherence groups. These will be evaluated for differences in their flora.
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Bartova, Jirina, Pavla Sommerova, Yelena Lyuya-Mi, et al. "Periodontitis as a Risk Factor of Atherosclerosis." Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/636893.
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Over the last two decades, the amount of evidence corroborating an association between dental plaque bacteria and coronary diseases that develop as a result of atherosclerosis has increased. These findings have brought a new aspect to the etiology of the disease. There are several mechanisms by which dental plaque bacteria may initiate or worsen atherosclerotic processes: activation of innate immunity, bacteremia related to dental treatment, and direct involvement of mediators activated by dental plaque and involvement of cytokines and heat shock proteins from dental plaque bacteria. There are common predisposing factors which influence both periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Both diseases can be initiated in early childhood, although the first symptoms may not appear until adulthood. The formation of lipid stripes has been reported in 10-year-old children and the increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is a risk factor contributing to lipid stripes development. Endothelium damage caused by the formation of lipid stripes in early childhood may lead to bacteria penetrating into blood circulation after oral cavity procedures for children as well as for patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
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Schaeken, M. J. M., T. J. Creugers, and J. S. Van Der Hoeven. "Relationship Between Dental Plaque Indices and Bacteria in Dental Plaque and Those in Saliva." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 9 (1987): 1499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660091701.
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A variety of indices has been developed for the quantitation of dental plaque. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the Löe plaque index and the number of bacteria on the same tooth. Furthermore, the effect of plaque accumulation on the salivary counts of some dental plaque organisms was estimated. Twenty volunteers were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene for a one-week period. Clinical indices and bacteriological samples were taken at the start and at the end of the experimental period. After an interval of seven days, the experiment was repeated. The relationship between the Löe plaque index and the total bacterial counts on the same area of the tooth was found to be highly significant. After seven days without oral hygiene, the total counts and the Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and Streptococcus sanguis counts in dental plaque had increased by approximately two log units, while the Streptococcus mutans counts had increased by more than one log unit. The large increase in the number of bacteria on the teeth was reflected in the salivary counts of the Actinomyces species, but not in the S. sanguis or S. mutans counts. This was due to differences in ecological habitats of these species in the mouth. Highly significant correlations were found between the S. mutans level in dental plaque and the salivary level, and between the S. mutans counts of the subjects in the first and second trials of the experiment.
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Ilmiawati, Cimi, Nurhayati Nurhayati, and Bambang Bambang. "Pengaruh Pasta Gigi yang Mengandung Katekin Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Plak Gigi." Andalas Dental Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v7i2.144.
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Background: Dental plaque is a soft, structured, calcified layer of bacteria that accumulates and attaches to the surface of the tooth. Efforts are made to eliminate and prevent plaque on the surface of the tooth by plaque control. Plaque control can be done mechanically, chemically, or a combination of both. Chemical control is done by using toothpaste. Catechin gambier toothpaste are polyphenolic compounds that have antibacterial activity which can prevent adhesion, inhibit the enzyme activity of glucosyltransferase and kills plaque forming bacteria. Objective: To determine the effect of catechin gambier on decreasing dental plaque index. Methods: This study is a true experimental study with pre-test and post-test control group design, conducted in March – April 2019. The subjects of this study were 44 students of Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University. The subjects were divided into two groups, one group used catechin gambier toothpaste and an control group used placebo. Plaque index was calculated using an Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman of Quingley-Hein. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results: Average of dental plaque index in treatment group was higher than placebo group. Independent t-test showed that there was significant difference of dental plaque index beetwen two groups (p<0,001). Conclusion: Catechin gambier toothpaste can reduce dental plaque index.
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Ilmiawati, Cimi, Nurhayati Nurhayati, and Bambang Bambang. "Pengaruh Pasta Gigi yang Mengandung Katekin Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Plak Gigi." Andalas Dental Journal 8, no. 2 (2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v8i2.144.
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Background: Dental plaque is a soft, structured, calcified layer of bacteria that accumulates and attaches to the surface of the tooth. Efforts are made to eliminate and prevent plaque on the surface of the tooth by plaque control. Plaque control can be done mechanically, chemically, or a combination of both. Chemical control is done by using toothpaste. Catechin gambier toothpaste are polyphenolic compounds that have antibacterial activity which can prevent adhesion, inhibit the enzyme activity of glucosyltransferase and kills plaque forming bacteria. Objective: To determine the effect of catechin gambier on decreasing dental plaque index. Methods: This study is a true experimental study with pre-test and post-test control group design, conducted in March – April 2019. The subjects of this study were 44 students of Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University. The subjects were divided into two groups, one group used catechin gambier toothpaste and an control group used placebo. Plaque index was calculated using an Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman of Quingley-Hein. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results: Average of dental plaque index in treatment group was higher than placebo group. Independent t-test showed that there was significant difference of dental plaque index beetwen two groups (p<0,001). Conclusion: Catechin gambier toothpaste can reduce dental plaque index.
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Thenappan, Paarvathi, R. Vijayalakshmi, C. Burnice Nalina Kumari, Nikita Ravi, Surthi Senthil, and Jaideep Mahendra. "Biofilm on Dental Implants - An Overview." International Journal of Current Research and Review 15, no. 12 (2023): 08–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2023.151203.
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Dental plaque may be described as structured resilient yellow, grayish substance adhering to the tooth surface. The mineralized dental plaque is referred to as dental calculus. Bacteria within the biofilm are usually in understanding with the host immune response, disease occurs when this harmony is disrupted. These biofilm bacteria contribute around 80% of the total bacterial infection. The important biofilm related infection in the oral cavity are dental caries and periodontitis. This article will enlighten your knowledge on history, structure, classification, formation, composition, diagnosis and therapy of dental biofilm
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Shellis, R. P., and G. H. Dibdin. "Analysis of the Buffering Systems in Dental Plaque." Journal of Dental Research 67, no. 2 (1988): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345880670020101.
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A semi-micro method was used for investigation of the buffering properties of whole plaque, plaque fluid, and washed plaque bacteria. Artifacts associated with titration of samples containing live bacteria were noted and their effects estimated. All three sample types showed minimal buffering in the region of neutrality, with much stronger buffering in the regions pH 4-5.5 and pH 8-9. For the range pH 4-7, almost 90% of the total buffer capacity of plaque appeared to be accounted for by macromolecules of bacterial cell walls and plaque matrix. Extracellular buffers in plaque fluid removable by centrifugation contributed up to 11%. These buffers (probably soluble proteins, peptides, organic acids, and phosphate) are, potentially at least, capable of exchange with saliva. In vitro, bicarbonate (dissolved in the extracellular fluid) contributed only 2-5% of total buffering; there was no evidence of formation of carbamino compounds. However, in vivo, salivary bicarbonate may be important as a continually replenished source of additional buffering.
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Martins, Káthia Santana, Lorena Tirza de Assis Magalhães, Jeferson Geison de Almeida, and Fábio Alessandro Pieri. "Antagonism of Bacteria from Dog Dental Plaque against Human Cariogenic Bacteria." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 4, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2780948.
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Dental caries are a process of demineralization and destruction of human teeth. They originate through many factors and are associated with biofilm formation, which consists of bacteria adhered to the teeth that form a structurally and functionally organized mass called dental plaque. Both the presence ofStreptococcus mutansand the frequent consumption of sucrose correlate with a higher prevalence of caries in humans. In dogs, however, the incidence of this disease is low, due to factors such as differences in dental microbiota and/or their low consumption of sucrose. This work evaluated the antagonism of bacteria from dog’s dental plaque againstS. mutans, for the identification of producing strains of biotechnological products for use in preventing caries. This study used 95 bacterial isolates of canine dental plaque from the Veterinary Department at the Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A spot-on-the-lawn method was performed using Brain Heart Infusion agar with catalase for an initial identification of the antagonistic activity. Additional tests were conducted on the isolates classified as antagonists for confirmation of the activity, using modified Mann-Rogosa-Sharpe medium containing low dextrose concentration. These isolates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in anaerobiosis. The peptide nature of inhibition was evaluated using the following proteinases: proteinase K fromTritirachium album, bovine pancreatic trypsin, and type XII-Aα-amylase fromBacillus licheniformis. In the initial identification of those strains exhibiting antimicrobial activity, 14 were classified as antagonists. One of the isolates (Bacillussp.) indicated bacteriocinogenic activity, with a deformed inhibition halo onS. mutansby the addition of trypsin. These results suggest that this bacterial isolate may be applicable to biotechnological use to combat the main etiological agent of caries in humans. Further studies are needed to evaluate the bacteriocinogenic nature of the antimicrobial activities of the other 13 antagonistic bacterial isolates.
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Wickström, Claes, Mark C. Herzberg, David Beighton, and Gunnel Svensäter. "Proteolytic degradation of human salivary MUC5B by dental biofilms." Microbiology 155, no. 9 (2009): 2866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.030536-0.
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The degradation of complex substrates, like salivary mucins, requires an arsenal of glycosidases and proteases to sequentially degrade the oligosaccharides and polypeptide backbone. The mucin MUC5B is a complex oligomeric glycoprotein, heterogeneous in molecular mass (14–40×106 Da), with a diverse repertoire of oligosaccharides, differing in composition and charge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proteolytic degradation of the mucin polypeptide backbone could be identified and if cooperation of dental biofilm bacteria was required. Cooperative bacteria-mediated proteolysis of MUC5B was determined by comparing individual species and mixed consortia of strains isolated from supragingival plaque, and freshly harvested supragingival plaque. Proteolytic activity was analysed using fluorescent labelled substrate and by visualizing mucin degradation by SDS-PAGE. Dental plaque degraded the polypeptide backbone of the salivary MUC5B mucin. The mucin was also degraded by a specific consortium of isolated species from supragingival plaque, although individual species and other consortia did not. Certain bacteria in supragingival dental plaque therefore cooperate as a consortium to proteolyse human salivary MUC5B and hydrolyse glycosides.
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Bachtiar, Endang W., and Boy M. Bachtiar. "Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR." F1000Research 7 (October 16, 2018): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16275.1.
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Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.
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Bachtiar, Endang W., and Boy M. Bachtiar. "Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR." F1000Research 7 (December 6, 2018): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16275.2.
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Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.
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Russell, R. R. B. "Control of Specific Plaque Bacteria." Advances in Dental Research 8, no. 2 (1994): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374940080022301.
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The Specific Plaque Hypothesis posits that particular bacteria are of unique importance in the etiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases, and a logical conclusion is that these bacteria should be the targets for our 'magic bullets' in devising plaque-control methods. This paper considers the development of preventive measures based on understanding of the significance of particular bacterial species and the properties of those bacteria. Knowledge of the importance of specific organisms as mediators of disease and molecular studies on the properties of potential virulence factors may reveal potential targets for inhibition, blocking by synthetic analogues, or functional inactivation by antibodies.
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Maďar, Marián, Jana Kačírová, Aladár Maďari, Rastislav Mucha, Eva Styková, and Radomíra Nemcová. "Cultivable bacterial diversity of the canine dental plaque as a potential source of bacterial infections." Acta Veterinaria Brno 90, no. 2 (2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202190020171.
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Dental diseases are a persistent problem, not only in humans, but very often in companion animals as well. Aetiological agents of these diseases are the dental plaque bacteria. In the present study, we focused on identifying cultivable bacteria living in the dental plaque of dogs, specifically dogs suffering from the early stages of periodontal disease. Canine oral bacteria pose a risk to humans that get bitten by the dog, but they also have a zoonotic potential. Dental plaque samples were taken from five dogs of small breeds. Samples were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on several types of microbiological agars. All obtained and selected bacterial colonies were identified by PCR with universal primers for the 16S rRNA gene and the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were compared with the sequences available in the GenBank database using BLASTn analysis. A total of 75 bacteria belonging to five phyla, predominantly to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, were identified. The most frequent species was Pasteurella canis which was detected in all samples. In addition, representatives of the genera Actinomyces, Bacillus, Bacteroides, Corynebacterium, Frederiksenia, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Lactobacillus, Leucobacter, Neisseria, Ottowia, Porphyromonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus were detected in the samples. In the present study, a broad spectrum of bacteria in dental plaque samples, including canine periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gulae or Porphyromonas macacae were identified. In addition, highly pathogenic bacteria, specifically Actinomyces hordeovulneris, Bacillus circulans, and Bacteroides pyogenes, which pose a serious risk to human health, were detected in samples.
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A. Mahdi, Zahraa K.Raheem, Mays, Hadeer F. Hamood, and Ahmed J. Aubed. "Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of some Bacterial Species Isolated from Dental Plaque." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 27, no. 2 (2024): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.2.09.
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Dental plaque is a sticky bacterial film that develops on teeth producing plaque as a result. If it ‘is not removed with regular dental cleanings and daily brushing, it can initiate oral health issues such as gum diseases and dental caries. This study aimed to determine the prevailing bacterial species found in some patients’ dental plaque cases and dental caries and to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of the obtained bacteria. A total of 60samples of dental plaque were taken from patients who attended the health centres in Baghdad with different ages using cotton swabs. All gained swabs were transported to the microbiology laboratory and cultured on culture media. According to standard laboratory diagnosis protocols, primary diagnosis was performed. VITE 2Compact Automated-System (GP (and (GN (diagnosis cards used according to manufacturer company constructions (BioMérieux)to confirm the diagnosis. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by using antibiotic disks according to Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 60samples, forty-two (70%) samples showed growth on culture media, while 18(30%) showed no growth, most of the isolates, 29(69.0%) were Gram-positive bacteria represented by Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and only 13(30.9%) of isolates were Gram-negative includes Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli.According to the antibiotic susceptibility test results, Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance against amoxicillin, Cefotaxim and erythromycin with percentages of 86.2%-and 89.6%respectively. Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance against amoxicillin and erythromycin with percentages of 76.9%and 69.2%against Cefotaxim
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Moynihan, P. J., S. Ferrier, S. Blomley, W. G. Wright, and R. R. B. Russell. "Acid production from lactulose by dental plaque bacteria." Letters in Applied Microbiology 27, no. 3 (1998): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00403.x.
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Kishimoto, Hiromitsu, and Masahiro Urade. "Assess Dental Plaque and Suction-Extricated Bacteria Adequately." Chest 137, no. 2 (2010): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1686.
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Palmer,, Robert J., Sharon M. Gordon, John O. Cisar, and Paul E. Kolenbrander. "Coaggregation-Mediated Interactions of Streptococci and Actinomyces Detected in Initial Human Dental Plaque." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 11 (2003): 3400–3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.11.3400-3409.2003.
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ABSTRACT Streptococci and actinomyces that initiate colonization of the tooth surface frequently coaggregate with each other as well as with other oral bacteria. These observations have led to the hypothesis that interbacterial adhesion influences spatiotemporal development of plaque. To assess the role of such interactions in oral biofilm formation in vivo, antibodies directed against bacterial surface components that mediate coaggregation interactions were used as direct immunofluorescent probes in conjunction with laser confocal microscopy to determine the distribution and spatial arrangement of bacteria within intact human plaque formed on retrievable enamel chips. In intrageneric coaggregation, streptococci such as Streptococcus gordonii DL1 recognize receptor polysaccharides (RPS) borne on other streptococci such as Streptococcus oralis 34. To define potentially interactive subsets of streptococci in the developing plaque, an antibody against RPS (anti-RPS) was used together with an antibody against S. gordonii DL1 (anti-DL1). These antibodies reacted primarily with single cells in 4-h-old plaque and with mixed-species microcolonies in 8-h-old plaque. Anti-RPS-reactive bacteria frequently formed microcolonies with anti-DL1-reactive bacteria and with other bacteria distinguished by general nucleic acid stains. In intergeneric coaggregation between streptococci and actinomyces, type 2 fimbriae of actinomyces recognize RPS on the streptococci. Cells reactive with antibody against type 2 fimbriae of Actinomyces naeslundii T14V (anti-type-2) were much less frequent than either subset of streptococci. However, bacteria reactive with anti-type-2 were seen in intimate association with anti-RPS-reactive cells. These results are the first direct demonstration of coaggregation-mediated interactions during initial plaque accumulation in vivo. Further, these results demonstrate the spatiotemporal development and prevalence of mixed-species communities in early dental plaque.
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Scannapieco, Frank A., Guillermo Torres та Michael J. Levine. "Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation". Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 4, № 3 (1993): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411930040030701.
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Salivary α-amylase, one of the most plentiful components in human saliva, has at least three distinct biological functions. The enzymatic activity of a-amylase undoubtedly plays a role in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase in solution binds with high affinity to a selected group of oral streptococci, a function that may contribute to bacterial clearance and nutrition. The fact that a-amylase is also found in acquired enamel pellicle suggests a role in the adhesion of a-amylase-binding bacteria. All of these biological activities seem to depend on an intact enzyme conformation. Binding of a-amylase to bacteria and teeth may have important implications for dental plaque and caries formation. a-Amylase bound to bacteria in plaque may facilitate dietary starch hydrolysis to provide additional glucose for metabolism by plaque microorganisms in close proximity to the tooth surface. The resulting lactic acid produced may be added to the pool of acid in plaque to contribute to tooth demineralization.
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Paunfase, Puja Banduji, Samynathan Ramkumar, Marappan Ganesan, and Veeraraghavan Usha. "Detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in Human Dental Plaque Samples by Using Semi-Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 20, no. 3 (2023): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3159.
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Dental caries, a highly prevalent infectious disease in humans is caused by the bacterial plaque that coats the teeth surface and is a serious public health concern. Recently, the formation of dental plaque has been associated with the occurrence of various other systemic diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Cardiovascular diseases, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Respiratory diseases, Bacteremia and Cancer. Despite the fact that both Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the major etiologic agents of dental caries, S. mutans is more prevalent than S. sobrinus in dental plaque. Early detection of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was carried out from five caries affected dental plaque samples collected from Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, by using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Specific primers for gtfB and gtfI genes of S. mutans and S. sobrinus respectively were used for the quantification of cariogenic bacteria in the given dental plaque samples. The Biopro Oral Microbiome transport media was prepared to carry dental plaque samples from the hospital to the laboratory. Genomic DNA extraction was done by employing magnetic beads and spin columns provided in the Biopro DNA isolation kit. Various biochemical tests were performed on the bacterial cultures isolated from dental plaque.
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Kodariah, Liah, Firzanah Ghasani, and Ni'matul Murtafi'ah. "Antibacterial effect of corarian seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) extract on Streptococcus mutans." Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53402/ajhas.v1i1.7.
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Dental plaque plays an important role in causing dental caries. In plaque formation, gram-positive coccus bacteria are found, one of which is Streptococcus mutans which can secrete toxins so that tooth cells are damaged. Dental plaque or dental caries can be controlled in number by controlling plaque with antimicrobial agents such as mouthwash. However, the continuous use of antimicrobials can cause side effects for users, including hypersensitivity reactions and resistance, so it is necessary to use natural ingredients as antibacterial alternatives. Therefore, this study used coriander seeds as an alternative to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of coriander seed extract (Coriandrum sativum L.) with varying concentrations on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This study used the diffusion method as a bacterial test method for coriander seed extract. The concentrations tested in this study were 3%, 6% and 9%. Based on the results of the study showed that there was an inhibition zone in the test of coriander seed extract against Streptococcus mutans. At a concentration of 3% the average inhibition zone was 3.7 mm, the concentration of 6% was 4.7 mm and concentration of 9% by 6.06 mm. The results of this study concluded that coriander seed extract (Coriandrum sativum L.) was effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
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Kurek-Górecka, Anna, Karolina Walczyńska-Dragon, Rafael Felitti, Stefan Baron, and Paweł Olczyk. "Propolis and Diet Rich in Polyphenols as Cariostatic Agents Reducing Accumulation of Dental Plaque." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010271.
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Conducted studies indicate the relationship between oral health and systemic diseases. Moreover, the latest research indicated that cariogenic bacteria may severely influence the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and increase risk of COVID-19 complications. This article aims to review various applications of propolis and pay attention to a healthy diet rich in polyphenols, which may allow the reduction of dental plaque accumulation. A literature review has been conducted from June until November 2021. It showed that propolis could be a useful agent in decreasing the accumulation of dental plaque. Moreover, a diet rich in polyphenols prevents cariogenic bacteria and reduces the accumulation of dental plaque. A reduction of a dental plaque may influence the risk of a severe course of COVID-19. Therefore, propolis and a diet rich in polyphenols may play an important role in prophylaxis of systemic diseases. Recently, it has been proven that oral infection may affect cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, nervous system, as well as may be a risk factor for diabetes mellitus. These aspects should stimulate clinicians to further research about polyphenols.
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Kowalczyk, Kacper, Débora C. Coraça-Huber, Walter Wille-Kollmar, Michael Berktold, and Markus Nagl. "Activity of N-Chlorotaurine against Periodontal Pathogens." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15 (2024): 8357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158357.
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Dental plaque bacteria play an important role in the pathogenicity of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Therefore, antimicrobial agents are one means of treatment. N-chlorotaurine (NCT) as an endogenous well-tolerated topical antiseptic could be of advantage for this purpose. Accordingly, its microbicidal activity against some dental plaque bacteria was investigated at therapeutic concentrations in vitro. In quantitative killing assays, the activity of NCT against planktonic bacteria and against biofilms grown for 48 h on implantation screws was tested. Electron microscopy was used to demonstrate the formation of biofilm and its morphological changes. The killing of planktonic bacteria of all tested species, namely Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus cristatus, Rothia aeria, and Capnocytophaga ochracea, was shown within 10–20 min by 1% NCT in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. Bacteria grown on screws for 24 h were inactivated by 1% NCT after 15–20 min as well, but the formation of biofilm on the screws was visible in electron microscopy not before 48 h. The killing of biofilms by 1% NCT was demonstrated after 30 min (streptococci) and 40 min (R. aeria). As expected, NCT has broad activity against dental plaque bacteria as well and should be further investigated on its clinical efficacy in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Nikinmaa, Sakari, Niina Moilanen, Timo Sorsa, et al. "Indocyanine Green-Assisted and LED-Light-Activated Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Reduces Dental Plaque." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 5 (2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9050052.
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Aim: This study aimed to determine the feasibility and first efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted antimicrobial photodynamictherapy (aPDT) as activated using LED light to the dental plaque. Methods: Fifteen healthy adults were assigned to this four-day randomized study. After rinsing with ICG, 100 J/cm2 of 810 nm LED light was applied to the aPDT-treatment area. Plaque area and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) were measured, and plaque bacteriomes before and after the study were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: aPDT administration was preformed successfully and plaque-specifically with the combination of ICG and the applicator. Total plaque area and endpoint MMP-8 levels were reduced on the aPDT-treatment side. aPDT reduced Streptococcus, Acinetobacteria, Capnocytophaga, and Rothia bacteria species in plaques. Conclusion: ICG-assisted aPDT reduces plaque forming bacteria and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-proteolytic effects.
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Vinit Kumar and Chandni. "Ozone in Dentistry: A Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 5, no. 3 (2021): RV1—RV5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0503.06416.
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Ozone (O3) is a natural gaseous molecule made up of three oxygen atoms. It leads to lyses of the cell membrane of most of the bacteria that causes dental problems due to its oxidant and oxidizer properties. Ozone therapy opens a new vista in treatment of dental problems due to its atraumatic, biologically based treatment. This review explores the use of ozone in dentistry.
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Zetner, Karl, and Gerald Thiemann. "The Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Clindamycin in Diseases of the Oral Cavity." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 10, no. 2 (1993): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875649301000204.
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Veterinary dental ultrasonic equipment can cause bacteria to be aerosolized during prophy procedures. Preoperative treatment with clindamycin prior to removal of calculus using an ultrasonic scaler can reduce aerosolized bacteria. Reduction of plaque bacteria was assessed and was statistically significant in those patients receiving clindamycin. This article describes the evaluation and results of clindamycin application when given prior to dental prophy.
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Ibrahim, Hassan, Ghassan H. Al-madani, Q. Y. M. Abdullah, and H. A. Al-Shamahy. "Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Patients with Dental Plaque in Sana’a City, Yemen." مجلة جامعة صنعاء للعلوم التطبيقية والتكنولوجيا 2, no. 3 (2024): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59628/jast.v2i3.978.
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Oral flora is important for maintaining dental health, but some situations may disturb the oral microbiota, which can support the growth of Microbial Pathogens. 28 pathogenic bacteria:17 G+ve and 11 G-ve) were isolated from dental plaques of 192 dental patients and identified by the VITEK 2 Compact System after culturing and studying their morphological features using Gram stain. About 13 (9 G+vecocci and 4 G-ve bacilli) and 24 (13 G+ve cocci, 1 G+ve bacilli, and 10 G-ve bacilli) pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the dental plaques of 46 males and 146 Female patients, respectively. Moreover, Streptococcus mitis exhibited the highest prevalence among the 28 isolated pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, Serratia marcescens, and Streptococcus parasanguinis showed the highest mean number of colonies among the pathogenic bacteria isolated from male patients with dental plaques. Similarly, Serratia odorifera exhibited the highest mean number of colonies among the pathogenic bacteria isolated from female Patients with dental plaques.
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Xie, Hua, Guy S. Cook, J. William Costerton, Greg Bruce, Timothy M. Rose, and Richard J. Lamont. "Intergeneric Communication in Dental Plaque Biofilms." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 24 (2000): 7067–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.24.7067-7069.2000.
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ABSTRACT Dental plaque is a complex biofilm that accretes in a series of discrete steps proceeding from a gram-positive streptococcus-rich biofilm to a structure rich in gram-negative anaerobes. This study investigated information flow between two unrelated plaque bacteria,Streptococcus cristatus and Porphyromonas gingivalis. A surface protein of S. cristatus caused repression of the P. gingivalisfimbrial gene (fimA), as determined by a chromosomalfimA promoter-lacZ reporter construct and by reverse transcription-PCR. Signaling activity was associated with a 59-kDa surface protein of S. cristatus and showed specificity for the fimA gene. Furthermore, P. gingivalis was unable to form biofilm microcolonies with S. cristatus. Thus, S. cristatus is capable of modulating virulence gene expression in P. gingivalis, consequently influencing the development of pathogenic plaque.
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Pobo, Angel, Thiago Lisboa, Ramiro Sole, and Jordi Rello. "Assess Dental Plaque and Suction-Extricated Bacteria Adequately: Response." Chest 137, no. 2 (2010): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-2516.
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Sissons, C. H., E. M. Hancock, H. E. R. Perinpanayagam, and T. W. Cutress. "The bacteria responsible for ureolysis in artificial dental plaque." Archives of Oral Biology 33, no. 10 (1988): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(88)90006-4.
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Chandrabhan, Dhruw, Rajmani Hemlata, Bhatt Renu, and Verma Pradeep. "Isolation of Dental Caries Bacteria from Dental Plaque and Effect of Tooth Pastes on Acidogenic Bacteria." Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 02, no. 03 (2012): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmm.2012.23009.
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*Prathamesh, S. Masne, Vinod Chaware Prof., Shivshankar D. Mhaske Dr., Mehta Ganesh, Kulkarni Vedangi, and Kirmirwar Aditya. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL MOUTHWASH." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 4, no. 2 (2025): 1192–209. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15544073.
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Herbal mouthwash presents a natural alternative devoid of alcohol or sugar, known to be breeding grounds for bacteria causing halitosis. By sidestepping these elements, herbal mouthwashes serve as a proactive measure in oral hygiene. Moreover, herbal ingredients in these solutions often possess antibacterial properties, aiding in the prevention of oral infections. This contrasts with conventional mouthwashes, which typically contain alcohol and sugar, providing a fertile environment for bacteria to thrive and produce halitosis-causing byproducts. Thus, opting for herbal mouthwash offers a promising approach to maintaining oral health without the documented side effects associated with traditional options Plaque-induced gingivitis is a common periodontal disease seen in dental practice. To prevent and control plaque accumulation, various techniques are employed to elevate oral hygiene standards. Mechanical methods, such as tooth brushing, dental flossing, tooth cleaning sticks, oral irrigators, and professional scaling and polishing, are commonly used to remove dental plaque. However, in some cases, mechanical means alone may not be sufficient to control plaque formation. Therefore, the use of antimicrobial mouthwashes alongside mechanical oral hygiene techniques is often recommended.<sup>[1,2]</sup>
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Basudan, Thuraya, Nada Alzurqi, Naif Alzahrani, et al. "Application of Ozone Therapy in Dentistry." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE SCIENCES 02, no. 08 (2022): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.2801.
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Ozone refers to a tri-atomic oxygen molecule and is present in stratosphere abundantly. Ozone is known to have multiple medical and dental properties. Use of ozone therapy in the field of dentistry dates back to 1930s where wound healing and disinfection were its initial use. Later, owing to its properties its use expanded to treatment of various oral disorders. Ozone treatment has been more effective than conventional therapies that follow a less invasive and conservative approach to dental treatment. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about applications of ozone in dentistry. Ozone treatment has so far been used for wound healing, tooth decay, oral lichen planus, gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, postoperative pain, plaque and biofilms, dentin hypersensitivity, temporomandibular joint disorders, among several others. Ozone has been successfully transformed the oral and dental treatment. Ozone therapy is a very effective treatment with no side effects or pain. It also reduces the patient's anxiety and level of stress as it reduces the duration of treatment. Ozone provides a painless alternative to the common treatment of tooth decay and has been proven to stop root decay, pits and fissure and relieve ulcers clinically. Its anti-microbial action against endodontic flora is quite promising, however more clinical research and trials in future can be beneficial.
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Fattayeva, Dilorom Rustamovna Babayeva Sogdiana Sunatullo kizi. "MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PERFECT SMILE. DENTAL PLAQUE." International Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities. Finland Academic Research Science Publishers 11, no. 7 (2023): 403–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8179107.
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<em>Plaque on the teeth is not only an ugly appearance and bad breath. Its mineralization leads to the formation of tartar, which injures the gums and changes the structure of the enamel. And multiplying bacteria cause inflammation of tissues and the development of caries.</em>
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Biradar, Baswaraj, and Prapulla Devi. "Quorum Sensing in Plaque Biofilms: Challenges and Future Prospects." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 6 (2011): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1080.
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ABSTRACT Aim This review intends to provide a brief overview regarding quorum sensing among bacteria in biofilms and also attempts to throw light on the new research focusing on interference with the quorum sensing. Background Dental plaque is an example of microbial biofilm leading to periodontal disease and dental caries. Quorum sensing is widely employed by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species to coordinate various activities in biofilms. Quorum-sensing-interfering compounds have either a positive or a negative effect on the expression of bacterial phenotypes regulated by quorum sensing. These studies of bacterial quorum sensing have also suggested several ideal targets for drug design which can be promising in preventive and therapeutic aspects of periodontal diseases and dental caries. Results Studies have shown that periodontal disease and dental caries is caused by plaque biofilm bacteria. Quorum sensing is the means of communication between these bacteria to regulate a wide range of behavior patterns among them. The in vitro studies reviewed here have a vital role in opening up this field, because they reveal the basic machinery of cell—cell signaling in microbial communities. The signal machinery bacteria use to coordinate a variety of their activities is identified by these studies. Further, this review aims to discuss several natural and synthetic methods which were used for manipulating bacterial quorum sensing. Conclusion The future challenge lies in the ability of the dental research to develop additional mechanisms for interfering with bacterial quorum sensing which can be used as preventive and therapeutic tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases. Clinical significance This article aims at reviewing the literature and helping us to understand the ways of communication among bacteria in biofilms, which further open up the prospects in the treatment of diseases caused by biofilms. How to cite this article Biradar B, Devi P. Quorum Sensing in Plaque Biofilms: Challenges and Future Prospects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):479-485.
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Lavaee, Fatemeh, Farzan Modarresi, Samira Amookhteh, and Mohammad Amin Amiri. "Evaluation of Association of Oral Bacterial Profile with HBV and HCV Infection and T Lymphocyte Level in HIV-Positive Patients." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (June 23, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8622181.
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Background. This study was aimed to determine the oral bacterial profile of HIV-positive patients and their correlation with T lymphocyte and CD4 count and hepatitis B and C incidence. Methods. In this study, 73 patients who were diagnosed HIV-positive and were referred to Shiraz HIV research center for routine dental treatment were enrolled. Demographic data including sex, ethnicity, CD4+ T cell, and T lymphocyte counts were collected from their medical records. Supragingival dental plaque and samples from the dorsal of the tongue were collected by sterile swabs. These samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. After primary biochemical test of cultured samples, assessment of bacterial biofilms was done by DNA extraction. Real-time PCR with specific primer of each bacterial species was done, and assessment of the results of real time PCR led to determination of the species of the evaluated bacteria. The correlation of bacterial prevalence with hepatitis B and C was evaluated by chi-square test. Furthermore, Mann–Whitney test was used to evaluate the association of bacterial species prevalence with CD4 and T lymphocyte level. Results. The prevalence of none of the detected bacteria had statistically significant relationship with hepatitis C, except for Peptostreptococcaceae ( p value = 0.016) in the tongue plaque and Leptotrichia ( p value = 0.022) in dental plaque. None of the evaluated bacteria showed any significant association with CD4 and T lymphocytes level, except for Kingella ( p value = 0.025, 0.019, respectively), and also no significant correlation was reported with CD4, except for Gemella ( p value = 0.021) and Campylobacter gracilis ( p value = 0.029). Conclusions. The diversity of the detected bacteria was more in dental plaque, while their density was more noticeable in the tongue plaque. No significant correlation was found between the prevalence of most of the detected bacteria and CD4 level and T lymphocyte level and incidence of hepatitis B and C.
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K L Tsang, Annetta, Saso Ivanovski, and Philip S Bird. "Caries and periodontal disease: Two diseases, one biofilm." Microbiology Australia 26, no. 3 (2005): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma05110.
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Dental plaque, a natural oral biofilm is involved in the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal disease. Despite decades of research, the microbiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain controversial. A number of factors interplay in these diseases, the indigenous microbes that inhabit the oral cavity, diet, host susceptibility and time. The ?Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis? (NSPH) was proposed where the overall mass of plaque interacted with the host and caused disease. An alternative view was the ?Specific Plaque Hypothesis? (SPH) where, among the diverse microbial community, a limited subset of specific bacteria were associated with disease. In recent years, the ?Ecological Plaque Hypothesis? (EPH) has been proposed that it be recognised that the oral ecology as a whole contributes to the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases, with shifts in the composition of microbial communities being of particular importance.
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Meng, Xiang Cai, Kui Long Lv, Jiu Xing Zhang, and Da Li Qu. "Caries Inhibitory Activity of the Nano-HA In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.251.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the inhibitory effects of nano-HA on the caries-inducing properties of a four-organism bacterial consortium in vitro. A series of in vitro anticarious experiments have been carried out by using a continuous culture system. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus have been chosen as the experimental bacteria. After 48 hours, the dental plaque surface structure is observed with the scan electron microscope and the bacterial colonization was evaluated on dental plaque. The results show that Spherical nano-HA and mixed nano-HA are proved to be effective in anticarious experiments, and especially spherical nano-HA is more striking. It is able to damage the formation of biofilms (dental plaque), postpone or end the process of acid generation of bacteria metabolism. After 7 days, the demineralization of the enamel has been detected by using TEM. The spherical nano-HA might have a remineralization to early caries to prevent and decrease caries.
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Puspa Dewi, Siti Rusdiana, Rindit Pambayun, Budi Santoso, and Rini Bikarindrasari. "PENGARUH PERMEN KUNYAH MENGANDUNG GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir [Roxb.]) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KOLONI BAKTERI DAN PEMBENTUKAN PLAK GIGI." JPP (Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Palembang) 18, no. 1 (2023): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36086/jpp.v18i1.1554.
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Background. Dental and gum disease is a health problem faced by many countries around the world. Dental and gum diseases begin with the formation of plaque on the tooth surface, as a result of the activities of bacteria in the oral cavity. Elimination of the bacteria as caries causal has been done in many ways, one of them by using plant extracts which have anticariogenic activities, such as gambir (Uncaria Gambir [Roxb.]). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chewing candy containing gambir on the decrease of bacterial colonies and dental plaque formation.
 Methods. A Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design had been conducted in SMPN 17 of Junior High School in Palembang and Province’s Health Laboratory of South Sumatera, Indonesia. The population consisted of 50 participants, divided into 5 groups. Each group was chewing with 5%, 7.5%, 10% extract-gambir candies, no chewing candies, and chewing sucrose’s candies. Data were analyzed by using SPSS vers 22.
 Result. The results showed that all candies containing gambir extract were able to reduce the formation of dental plaque and to decrease the bacterial colonies in saliva. The best effect of this study was 10% extract-gambir candies.
 Conclusion. It can be concluded that extract-gambir candies were effective in the decline of dental plaque formation and bacterial colonies.