Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacteria isolation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacteria isolation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacteria isolation"

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Al-Terehi, Mona, Saadi Shershab, Hadeel Alaa Al-Rrubaei, and Ali H. Al-Saadi. "Some Oral Pathogenic Bacteria, Isolation and Diagnosis." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.12.3.54.

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Lee, Yoo Kyung, Kae Kyoung Kwon, Kyeung Hee Cho, Jae Hyun Park, and Hong Kum Lee. "Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Marine Biofilms." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.612.

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In the marine environment, biofilms cover most of the subtidal and intertidal solid surfaces. Culturable bacteria forming marine biofilms were isolated on artificial substrate called acrylic coupons. The bacterial isolates were identified through a comparison of 16S rDNA sequences. A total of 115 strains were cultured and identified, 45 of which showed the same sequences with other strains. Therefore, 70 strains were finally identified. The bacterial isolates belonged to a–Proteobacteria (32 isolates), g–Proteobacteria (12 isolates), CFB group bacteria (4 isolates), high GC Gram-positive bacteria (9 isolates), and low GC Gram-positive bacteria (13 isolates). The bacterial isolates may be used as standard bacteria to test new antifouling agent. They may also be utilized as useful bacteria to enhance the settlement of commercial algae and invertebrate larvae for aquaculture.
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Mehra, Shobha, Vimla Mehra, and Dinesh Bhauryal. "Isolation, Identification of Probiotic Bacteria Present in Milk." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd16979.

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Majewski, Jacek. "Sexual isolation in bacteria." FEMS Microbiology Letters 199, no. 2 (May 2001): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10668.x.

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Shotbolt-Brown, Joanna, David W. F. Hunter, and Jackie Aislabie. "Isolation and description of carbazole-degrading bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-012.

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Carbazole is a nitrogen hetrocyclic compound associated with fossil fuels and their products. Enrichment cultures were established to isolate bacteria able to degrade carbazole and a plate assay was developed to select carbazole-degrading microorganisms from the enrichments. Three different bacterial isolates capable of mineralizing carbazole were obtained. No intermediates of carbazole degradation were detected. The bacteria had a limited substrate specificity; all used benzoate for growth but were unable to utilize the analogues of carbazole, fluorene, or dibenzothiophene.Key words: carbazole, biodegradation, bacteria.
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Genge, Asmita, and Ranjana Khade. "Isolation and Screening of Exoelectrogenic Bacteria from Waste Water." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 1450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23352.

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Cérémonie, Hélène, François Buret, Pascal Simonet, and Timothy M. Vogel. "Isolation of Lightning-Competent Soil Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6342-6346.2004.

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ABSTRACT Artificial transformation is typically performed in the laboratory by using either a chemical (CaCl2) or an electrical (electroporation) method. However, laboratory-scale lightning has been shown recently to electrotransform Escherichia coli strain DH10B in soil. In this paper, we report on the isolation of two “lightning-competent” soil bacteria after direct electroporation of the Nycodenz bacterial ring extracted from prairie soil in the presence of the pBHCRec plasmid (Tcr, Spr, Smr). The electrotransformability of the isolated bacteria was measured both in vitro (by electroporation cuvette) and in situ (by lightning in soil microcosm) and then compared to those of E. coli DH10B and Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12. The electrotransformation frequencies measured reached 10−3 to 10−4 by electroporation and 10−4 to 10−5 by simulated lightning, while no transformation was observed in the absence of electrical current. Two of the isolated lightning-competent soil bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas sp. strains.
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Sitotaw, Baye, Fikremariam Ayalew, Abayneh Girma, Amare Bitew Mekonnen, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Hiba-Allah Nafidi, and Mohammed Bourhia. "Isolation and identification of promising antibiotic-producing bacteria." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0233.

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Abstract Multiple stresses in waste dumpsite soils can drive antibiotic production as one of the strategies for survival. Bacteria are the most prolific producers of antibiotics. This study investigated the antibiotic production potential of bacteria isolated from Bahir Dar city municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWDS). Bacteria were isolated from soil collected from the dumpsite on starch casein or nutrient agar. The isolates were carefully screened for antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacterial test strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined from cell-free metabolites of the most promising isolates. Isolates showing antimicrobial activity were identified using cultural and biochemical methods. A total of 143 distinctive colonies were obtained and tentatively identified to 13 bacterial genera. Twenty-six (18.18%) of the isolates (six Bacillus and 20 actinobacteria related) demonstrated antimicrobial activities at least against one of the tested bacterial strains. These isolates were related to two actinobacterial and 11 other bacterial genera. Seven out of 26 isolates showed a broad-spectrum of antibiotic activities. Two isolates, which showed a wide spectrum, were selected for the MIC and MBC tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC and MBC of the isolates were recorded to be 250–500 µg/mL against the test strains. Bahir Dar city MSWDS contained a high incidence of antibiotic-producing bacteria. Strain level identification of the isolates and detailed characterization of the metabolites will give a good insight into the antimicrobial production potential in the waste dumpsite.
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Sillman, Carl E., and L. E. Casida Jr. "Isolation of nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria from soil." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-139.

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Khan, Ruby. "ISOLATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM SOIL." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.054.

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Antibiotics are a major secondary metabolite produced by a wide range of bacteria. The microbes developed various antibiotics that could be used to treat various infectious diseases. Are useful In vitro isolation, the culture and care of bacteria are quite simple, and we can easily improve their stress. The main soil pathogens of the Bacillus species are caused by important antibiotics such as bactericidal Endospores produced by the Bacillus species are very resistant. They are always found to inhibit the growth of other microbes. In the present research study, soil bacteria with antimicrobial activity have been screened and isolated. Subsequently, various pathogenic bacterial lawns were prepared to check the antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Different zones are observed against different pathogenic bacteria. Comparison of antimicrobial activity of soil isolation with different antibiotic discs as well as various pathogenic bacteria. A clear zone of soil isolates of 5 mm, 15 mm, 21 mm, 12 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm and 40 mm against germs or pathogenic bacteria. The zones produced by antibiotic discs against pathogenic bacteria were zones of 5 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, and 21 mm observed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacteria isolation"

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Thongmee, Acharawan. "Isolation and Characterization of a New Capsule-Forming Bacterium." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500460/.

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A unique, previously undescribed Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from several soils in Texas and extensively characterized in this study. The cells measured 1-2 by 4-6 μm. The distinguishing characteristic of the bacterium is the extraordinary capsular material which surrounds the cells. The new isolates are aerobic, mesophilic, non motile and have the ability to utilize a variety of organic compounds as the sole source of carbon and energy. The organism grows optimally at 30° C and the optimal pH lies between 7.0-8.0. The isolates produce catalase but oxidase is not produced. They do not produce indole or hydrogen sulfide. The organism can hydrolyze gelatin and Tween 80 but not starch, esculin and casein. The major cellular fatty acid is anteiso 15:0. The guanine and cytosine content is 58-62 mole%. The organism's taxonomic position was further established by specific gene probes, 16S rRNA homology, DNA homology and "ribotyping." These data showed that it was most closely related to members of the genus Paenibacillus, although somewhat divergent from other species classified in this genus. After careful evaluation of the results obtained during this study, it is proposed that this unique bacterium be named Paenibacillus velasolus sp. nov.
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Silva, Avalos Juan G. (Juan Guillermo). "Isolation, Characterization and Physiological Studies of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278291/.

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Ten bacteria capable of growth on the metal-cyano complex, tetracyanonickelate (II) {K2 [Ni(CN)J } (TCN), supplied as the sole nitrogen source, were isolated. Seven isolates were identified as pseudomonads while the remaining three were classified as Klebsiella species. In addition to TCN, all isolates were able to utilize KCN although it was significantly more toxic. The degradation of TCN was most complete when supplied at growth-limiting concentrations, did not occur when ammonia was present, and resulted in the formation of nickel cyanide [Ni(CN)2] as a degradation product.
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Oestreicher, Zachery Walter John. "Magnetotactic Bacteria: Isolation, Imaging, and Biomineralization." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354146141.

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Domingues, Patrícia Maia. "Isolation of estuarine biosurfactant-producing bacteria." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7773.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia
Bioremediation has proven to be an effective strategy in the recuperation of oil contaminated ecosystems. However most bacteria used in this processes, while being able to degrade a wide range of the oil hydrocarbons, have limited action due to the low water solubility of these compounds. Hence, a possible solution for this problem would be the use of biosurfactant-producing bacteria, since the presence of surfactants help improve the hydrocarbons dispersal, solubilization and bioavailability. The objective of this work was to assess the biotechnological potential of Ria de Aveiro estuarine system regarding the presence of hydrocarbonoclastic biosurfactant-producing bacteria and to evaluate different combinations of environmental inocula and carbon sources for the isolation of biosurfactants producing bacteria. Selective cultures (diesel, crude and paraffin) were prepared using inocula from different environmental matrixes: samples from the surface microlayer (SML), bulk estuarine sediments and sediments of the rhizosphere of Halimione portulacoides, a characteristic halophyte from the salt marshes of Ria de Aveiro. During the incubation period, the development of the selective cultures was assessed by quantification of colony forming units (CFU). The highest value of CFU was obtained in the crude-sediment culture, while the lowest value was found with the diesel-rhizosphere combination. The DGGE profiles of the 16s rRNA gene fragments of the total community DNA extracted at the end of the incubation of the selective cultures, show that communities were different in terms of structural diversity. The values of the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity indicate that the higher diversity was achieved in the selective cultures with paraffin as carbon source (2.5231), followed by the crude oil (2.2509), and diesel (1.6726) selective cultures. From the selective cultures, 111 presumably hydrocarbonoclastic isolates were obtained after isolation and purification. Of these, 66 were tested for biosurfactant production by the atomized oil assay, with positive results for 17 isolates (25.8%). The environmental matrix with best results was the SML water and diesel was the most effective carbon source. Having in consideration the high number of isolates obtained from the selective cultures and the percentage of biosurfactant producers, the estuarine system of Ria the Aveiro, and in particular the SML, can be regarded as an interesting seedbank for the prospection of hydrocarbonoclastic and biosurfactants producing bacteria. The SML microhabitat shows particularly high biotechnological potential for the isolation of bacterial strains with interesting properties for application in bioremediation strategies in coastal and estuarine areas.
A biorremediação é tida como uma possível estratégia na recuperação de ecossistemas contaminados com hidrocarbonetos. A aplicação eficaz desta tecnologia é, no entanto, muitas vezes limitada pela natureza hidrofóbica dos contaminantes. O recurso a estirpes bacterianas simultaneamente degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos e produtoras de biossurfactantes apresenta um enorme potencial na reciclagem de compostos hidrofóbicos. Assim, o objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar o potencial biotecnológico do sistema estuarino da Ria de Aveiro quanto à presença de bactérias hidrocarbonoclásticas produtoras de biossurfactantes e a avaliação de várias combinações de inóculos ambientais e fontes de carbono para a obtenção de isolados bacterianos de interesse. Para tal foram realizadas experiências em meios selectivos (diesel, crude e parafina) a partir de inóculos de diferentes matrizes ambientais: amostras da microcamada superficial (SML), sedimentos estuarinos e rizosfera de bancos de Halimione portulacoides, uma planta halófita dos sapais da Ria de Aveiro. O desenvolvimento da cultura ao longo do período de incubação foi avaliado pela contagem de unidades formadoras de colónias (CFUs). A cultura selectiva com maior teor de bactérias cultiváveis foi a de crude-sedimento e aquela em que a abundância bacteriana foi mais baixa foi a de diesel-rizosfera. A partir da análise dos perfis de DGGE dos fragmentos do gene 16s rRNA do DNA total extraído das culturas selectivas verificou-se que no fim do período de incubação, o grau de semelhança entre as comunidades bacterianas das culturas selectivas é relativamente baixo. Pelo índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver a maior diversidade estrutural das comunidades bacterianas encontra-se nas culturas selectivas de parafina (2,5231), seguidas das de crude (2.2509) e das de diesel (1.6727). Das culturas selectivas, foi obtido um conjunto de isolados que foi testado quanto à capacidade de produção de biossurfactantes pelo método atomized oil. De 66 isolados testados, 17 produziram resultado positivo (25,8%), sendo a água da SML a matriz ambiental com melhores resultados e o diesel a melhor fonte de carbono para o isolamento de bactérias produtoras de biossurfactantes. Tendo em conta o elevado número de isolados obtidos e a percentagem de produtores de biossurfactantes, pode concluir-se que na Ria de Aveiro, particularmente na SML, existem comunidades bacterianas adaptadas à utilização se substratos hidrofóbicos, com uma boa representação de produtores de biossurfactantes. Os resultados confirmam a perspectiva de que a SML da Ria de Aveiro é um microhabitat com elevado potencial biotecnológico para isolamento de estirpes de bactérias hidrocarbonoclásticas produtoras de biossurfactantes com promissoras aplicações em processos de biorremediação de regiões estuarinas e costeiras após contaminação acidental com hidrocarbonetos de petróleo.
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KUTZ, SUSAN MARIE. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A HELICALLY TWISTED BACTERIUM RESEMBLING SELIBERIA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184075.

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A seliberia-like bacterium (SLO), isolated from reverse osmosis membranes was characterized by morphological, physiological and DNA studies. The helically twisted cells of this organism were often observed in star-shaped clusters. Depending on nutritional conditions, cells ranged from 0.5 to 21 um in length and possessed prosthecae. Small motile cells were produced by asymmetric fission or by a budding process. Ovoid "generative" cells were observed in mixed culture conditions or when the pure culture isolate was grown in the presence of humic acid. The SLO oxidatively utilized glucose, maltose, xylose, cellobiose, and several amino acids as sole carbon and energy sources. The organism is a strict aerobe and does not anaerobically respire. The moles percent guanine plus cytosine (mol% G + C) of the SLO DNA was 38% as compared with 63-67% for Seliberia stellata. Although the cellular morphology and physiology of the SLO closely resembles that of S. stellata, the SLO is considered to be a new species of Seliberia based on the presence of prosthecae and the mol% G + C.
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Taraban, Ronald H. "Isolation and characterization of carbofuran and dicamba degrading bacteria." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40115.

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Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Morgado. "Isolation and characterization of PHAs-accumulating bacteria from HSSL." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13401.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Industrial e Ambiental
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. PHAs emerge as a possible solution as substitutes of petroleum based plastics, being produced under the Biorefinery concept, in which wastes and by-products of numerous industries may be used as carbon source. This project aimed the isolation and characterization of organisms able to store PHAs from Hardwood Sulphite Spent Liquor (HSSL), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Isolation was performed from a Mixed Microbial Culture (MMC) selected under feast and famine conditions, using some components present in HSSL as substrates, such as acetic acid and xylose. Five pure isolates able to produce PHAs resulted from the successive streaking in solid medium containing HSSL. The purity of the isolates was evaluated through Gram staining and FISH analysis and the PHAs accumulation by Nile Blue staining. Two strains were identified as Rhohococcus spp. and three as Pseudomonas spp.. One isolate of each genus was selected and further studied in terms of growth and PHAs accumulation capability from three distinct carbon sources (HSSL, acetic acid and xylose). Both isolates, Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., were able to grow and use the three carbon sources as well as to produce PHAs. However, both strains showed a higher maximum specific growth rate (μmax) when HSSL was used as carbon source, 0.212 ± 0.0219 h-1 and 0.251 ± 0.0526 h-1, respectively. A qualitative evaluation of the PHAs accumulation through Nile Blue staining exhibited a higher accumulation when acetic acid was used as sole carbon source. In an attempt to identify some of the species responsible for PHAs accumulation of the selected MMC, belonging to the dominant class, Alphaproteobacteria, a 16S rDNA clone library was constructed. It was possible to identity Novosphingobium spp., Sphingobium spp. and Pleomorphomonas spp.
Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) são biopolímeros biodegradáveis e biocompatíveis. Os PHAs são considerados uma solução possível como substitutos dos plásticos derivados do petróleo, podendo ser produzidos no âmbito do conceito de Biorefinaria utilizando resíduos como fonte de carbono. Este trabalho teve como objectivo o isolamento e a caracterização de bactérias produtoras de PHAs a partir de licor de cozimento ao sulfito ácido (HSSL), um sub-produto da indústria papeleira. Os isolamentos foram realizados partindo de uma cultura mista seleccionada para a acumulação de PHAs por imposição de ciclos de fome e fartura, utilizando alguns dos componentes do HSSL como substrato, nomeadamente a xilose e o ácido acético. Após repicagens sucessivas em meio sólido contendo HSSL, foi possível obter cinco isolados puros capazes de acumular PHAs. A pureza dos isolados foi avaliada através de coloração de Gram e análise FISH e a capacidade de acumulação de PHAs por coloração de Azul do Nilo. Duas estirpes foram identificadas como Rhohococcus spp. e três como Pseudomonas spp.. Um isolado de cada género foi seleccionado e estudado em termos de crescimento e capacidade de acumulação de PHAs, a partir de três fontes de carbono distintas (HSSL, ácido acético e xilose). Verificou-se que ambos os isolados, Rhodococcus spp. e Pseudomonas spp., foram capzes de crescer nos três meios e produziram PHAs. Contudo, ambas as estirpe apresentaram uma taxa específica de crescimento (μmax) superior com HSSL como fonte de carbono, 0.212 ± 0.0219h-1 e 0.251 ± 0.0526h-1 respectivamente. Uma avaliação qualitativa da acumulação de PHAs utilizando coloração Azul do Nilo mostrou uma acumulação maior nos ensaios em que o ácido acético era a única fonte de carbono. Numa tentativa de identificar algumas das espécies responsáveis pela acumulação de PHAs da cultura mista seleccionada pertencentes à classe dominante, Alfaproteobactéria, recorreu-se à construção de uma biblioteca de clones 16S rDNA. Foram identificadas as espécies Novosphingobium spp., Sphingobium spp e Pleomorphomonas spp.
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Dragana, Tamindžija. "Isolation and characterization of Cr(VI) tolerant soil bacteria." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110336&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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In  this  study,  tolerance  of  soil  bacteria  to  hexavalent  chromium  (Cr(VI))  was  investigated.  First,  influence  of  high chromium levels of anthropogenic and geogenic origin on the  soil cultivable  bacterial community was examined. Next, a number  of  bacterial  strains  with  high  Cr(VI)  tolerance  were  isolated  from  diverse   environmental  samples  such  as  soil, sediment, water and waste material.  Strains were  identified  and  tested for  the  level of  Cr(VI) tolerance  and  the  ability toreduce toxic Cr(VI) to more innocuous Cr(III). Selected  Bacillus cereus  group strains  were further characterized  -  their morphological  and  biochemical  characteristics,  16S  rRNA  and  pycA  gene  sequences,  biofilm  formation  potential  and resistance to other heavy metals were determined. Also, more detailed study of their tolerance level and  Cr(VI) reduction was  conducted.  Strain  with  the highest  resistance  together  with the  control  chromate  sensitive  strain  were  analyzed  by STEM EDS for their cellular and endospore Cr content under different conditions. Results indicate Cr(VI) tolerant bacteria are  present  both  in  low  and  high  Cr  environments.  Majority  of  isolates  belonged  to  the  B.  cereus  group  indicating  its overall high tolerance to  Cr(VI). Certain strains exhibited high  tolerance and reduction  ability,  indicating their possibleusefulness  in practical  bioremediation  application.  STEM  EDS  analysis  of  Cr(VI)-sensitive  B.  subtilis  PY79  strain  and Cr(VI)-resistant  B. cereus  group strain  NCr1a revealed  significant differences in their response to Cr(VI)  and in  their  Cr cellular and endospore content.
U ovom radu ispitana je tolerantnost  zemljišnih  bakterija na šestovalentni hrom (Cr(VI)). Prvo, ispitan je uticaj visokog nivoa  hroma  antropogenog  i  geogenog  porekla  na  kultivabilnu  bakterijsku  zajednicu  zemljišta.  Dalje,  izolovani  su bakterijski sojevi sa visokom tolerancijom na Cr(VI) iz različitih sredinskih uzoraka   kao što su zemljište, sediment, voda i otpadni materijal. Sojevi su identifikovani i određen je nivo njihove Cr(VI) tolerancije i sposobnost redukcije toksičnog Cr(VI)  u  manje  toksični  Cr(III).  Odabrani  sojevi  Bacillus  cereus  grupe  su  dalje  karakterisani  –  određene  su  njihove morfološke i biohemijske karakteristike, 16S rDNK i  pycA  sekvence, potencijal formiranja biofilma i otpornost na druge teške  metale.  Takođe,  sprovedeno  je  detaljnije  ispitivanje  njihove  tolerancije  i  redukcije  Cr(VI).  Soj  sa  najvišom otpornošću  je  uporedo  sa  kontrolnim  osetljivim  sojem  analiziran  pomoću  STEM  EDS  na  sadržaj  hroma  u  ćelijama  I endosporama u različitim uslovima. Rezultati ukazuju da su bakterije tolerantne na Cr(VI) prisutne i u sredinama sa niskim i  sa  visokim  koncentracijama  hroma.  Većina  izolata  pripadala  je  B.  cereus  grupi  što  ukazuje  na njenu  uopšteno  visoku otpornost na Cr(VI). Pojedini sojevi su pokazali visoku otpornost i sposobnost  redukcije Cr(VI), što ukazuje na mogućnost njihove praktične primene u bioremedijaciji. STEM EDS analiza osetljivog B. subtilis PY79 soja i Cr(VI)- rezistentnog soja B.  cereus  grupe  NCr1a  otkrila  je  značajne  razlike  u  njihovom  odgovoru na  Cr(VI)  i  sadržaju  Cr  u njihovim  ćelijama  i endosporama.
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Newbould, E. C. "Catabolism of naphthalene sulphonic acids by three strains of bacteria." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379697.

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Revetta, Randy P. "Isolation and identification of freshwater bacteria antagonistic to Giardia Intestinalis." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1141305893.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 13, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Giardia intestinalis; Cytophaga-Flavobacterium; Cyst degradation; Microbial antagonism. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Bacteria isolation"

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Belton, Christopher. Isolation. New York: Dorchester Pub. Co., 2003.

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Media for isolation-cultivation-identification-maintenance of medical bacteria. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1985.

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Eldere, Johan van. Intestinal steroid desulfation: Isolation and characterization of intestinal steroid desulfating bacteria and their influence on the enterohepatic circulation of steroids. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 1988.

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Kasirœ̄k, Wannaphā. Kāntrūat yǣk chư̄a bǣkthīrīa læ pō̜rasit thī kō̜haikœ̄t rōk nai plākātūn =: Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria and parasites of clownfish : rāingān kānwičhai. [Chonburi]: Sathāban Witthayāsāt thāng Thalē, Mahāwitthayālai Būraphā, 2005.

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Kasirœ̄k, Wannaphā. Kāntrūat yǣk chư̄a bǣkthīrīa læ pō̜rasit thī kō̜haikœ̄t rōk nai mānām (Hippocampus spp.): Rāingān kānwičhai = Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria and parasites of seahorse. [Chonburi]: Sathāban Witthayāsāt thāng Thalē, Mahāwitthayālai Būraphā, 2003.

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D, Millar Stuart, and University of Stirling. Institute of Aquaculture., eds. Manual for the isolation and identification of fish bacterial pathogens. Stirling: Pisces Press in association with the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, 1993.

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Toth, Ian K. The isolation of novel "Erwinia" phages and their use in the study of bacterial phytopathogenicity. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

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International Workshop on Lantibiotics (1st 1991 Bad Honnef, Germany). Nisin and novel lantibiotics: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Lantibiotics, April 15-18, 1991, Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, F.R.G. Leiden: ESCOM, 1991.

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MacFaddin, Jean F. Media for Isolation, Cultivation, Identification, Maintenance of Medical Bacteria. 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,US, 1985.

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Starr, M. P., H. Stolp, H. G. Trüper, H. G. Schlegel, and A. Balows. Prokaryotes: A Handbook on Habitats, Isolation and Identification of Bacteria. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bacteria isolation"

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Samad, Nadiah Syuhada Abd, and Azura Amid. "Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria." In Multifaceted Protocol in Biotechnology, 13–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2257-0_2.

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da Rocha, Ulisses Nunes. "Isolation of Uncultured Bacteria." In Modern Soil Microbiology, 295–305. Third edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429059186-18.

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Hahn, Martin W., Ulrike Koll, and Johanna Schmidt. "Isolation and Cultivation of Bacteria." In Advances in Environmental Microbiology, 313–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16775-2_10.

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Senthilkumar, M., N. Amaresan, and A. Sankaranarayanan. "Isolation of Zn Solubilizing Bacteria." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 65–66. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1080-0_12.

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Senthilkumar, M., N. Amaresan, and A. Sankaranarayanan. "Isolation of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 69–70. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1080-0_14.

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Quan, Shu, Annie Hiniker, Jean-François Collet, and James C. A. Bardwell. "Isolation of Bacteria Envelope Proteins." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 359–66. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-245-2_22.

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Heptinstall, John. "Isolation of Total RNA from Bacteria." In RNA Isolation and Characterization Protocols, 47–54. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-494-1:47.

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Ciampi-Panno, L., P. Bustamante, and M. Polette. "Isolation of Soil Bacteria with Inhibitory Activity to Pseudomonas Solanacearum." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 733–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_154.

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Ruissen, M. A., C. A. J. Helderman, J. Schipper, and J. W. L. Van Vuurde. "Selective Isolation and Concentration of Phytopathogenic Bacteria on Immunoaffinity Columns." In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 882. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3555-6_190.

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Endo, Akihito, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, and Masanori Arita. "Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Environmental Samples." In Lactic Acid Bacteria, 3–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8907-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacteria isolation"

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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Snygdha Rani Das, Mehfuz Alam, Md Abdul Aziz, Md Al-Amin Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Cellulase Producing Goat Rumen Bacteria." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.12.

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Cellulose is the most prevalent polymer on the planet and has long been utilized for a variety of industrial applications. The study's goal was to screen and isolate cellulase-producing bacteria from the rumen of a goat collected from different location of Dinajpur district. To do so, rumen content samples from two distinct goats were collected. In this investigation, rumen cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated and characterized after serial dilution of five isolates up to six fold and inoculation into Nutrient agar. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organism’s metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme. The result revealed the colonial characterization of bacteria and also where proven all five isolates are promising enough and superior in quality to produce cellulose.
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Wanjari, Rashmi A., and Arti S. Shanware. "Isolation and Characterization of Bioluminescent Bacteria." In International Conference on Science and Engineering for Sustainable Development. Infogain Publication, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24001/icsesd2017.37.

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Gürkök, Sümeyra, and Arzu Görmez. "Isolation and characterization of novel chitinolytic bacteria." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES: ICANAS 2016. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945843.

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Gao, Y., Q. Cheng, T. T. Hu, H. J. Ji, Z. Y. Zhu, Q. Xu, A. M. Li, and Y. Yang. "Isolation and Characterization of Chromium Reducing Bacteria." In International Workshop on Environmental Management, Science and Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007563606050613.

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Sultana, Sharmin, Md Sad Salabi Sawrav, Md Bokhtiar Rahma, Md Shohorab Hossain, and Md Azizul Haque. "Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Xylanase Enzyme Producing Bacteria from Goat Rumen." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Advanced Science. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.123.1.

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The rumen microbial communities of ruminants are thought to be the most promising biochemical source of inordinately diversified and multi-functional cellulolytic enzymes with unique functional adaptations to improve biotechnological processes. The exploitation of rumen microbial genetic variety has been limited due to a lack of effective screening culture techniques and a lack of understanding of the rumen microbial genetic diversity. This study is conducted to isolate and characterize rumen bacteria from goat rumen that have capability to produce xylanase enzyme. Serial dilutions technique is applied to isolate bacteria from goat rumen and repeated tubing of the selectively enriched microbial cultures by using the specific media for rumen bacteria. Following that, all of the isolates were underwent Methyl Red (MR) test & Voges-Proskauer (VP) test to identify organisms metabolic pathway, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI) Test to determine bacterial ability to utilize sugar, Motility Indole and Urease activity test (MIU) to determine motility, Urease utilization and can produce Indole or not, Citrate utilization test to utilize citrate as carbon and energy source, Oxidase test, Catalase test to check the presence of catalytic enzyme where all isolates found promising which indicates that all five isolates are superior and capable to produce xylanase.
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Gao, Xiu-Zhi, Hui Liu, Yuan-Hong Xie, Ming Ma, Min Zhang, and Xin-Xin Yi. "Isolation of Bacteria Inhibiting Erwinia Carotovora and Study of Bacteria Antibacterial Characteristics." In 2015 International Conference on Medicine and Biopharmaceutical. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719810_0181.

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Constantinescu, Rodica Roxana, Mariana Ferdes, Madalina Ignat, Ciprian Chelaru, Ana-Maria Ciobanu, and Denis-Andrei Drusan. "Isolation and Characterization of Bacterial Protease Enzyme of Leather Waste." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.6.

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The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize bacteria which produced protease enzyme from tannery solid waste. A solid leather waste sample was used for bacterial isolation, taken from different waste warehouses (solid waste in unhairing phase). Several bacterial strains were isolated from the cultures in Petri dishes, after the growth of the colonies. These strains were characterized in terms of the production of proteolytic enzymes, by a method of screening on the media with casein, which allows the determination of proteolytic indices of microorganisms, the colony diameter, diameter of clear zone, proteolytic index, and enzymatic activities characterization on difference of pH and temperature.
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Nguyen, V. Zh, T. O. Dao, E. A. Kalashnikova, and Th H. Nguyen. "Isolation and identification of Rhizoctonia solani antagonist bacteria from the rhizosphere of pepper plants." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-84.

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The purpose of this work is to isolate bacteria from the pepper rhizosphere that inhibit Rhizoctoniasolani and evaluate in vitro their phosphate solubilizing activity and production of siderophore. Of the different soil samples taken from the pepper fields of An Thanh, An Ninh, Quynh My, QuynhPhudistrict, ThaiBinh province, 48 bacterial strains were isolated. Of these, 5 strains (AT16, VK 4.7, VK 4.8, VK 4.12, VK 4.13) expressed as higher inhibitory Rhizoctonia solani activity were selected. Their inhibitory activity is from 11.11% to 62.22%.
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Hasan, N. A., and I. M. Zulkahar. "Isolation and identification of bacteria from spoiled fruits." In ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062699.

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Alvionita, Mieke, Andriyani Andriyani, Puspa Rahmadina L., Rahmad Rizki Fazli, and Idris Idris. "Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from Mangrove area." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (ICoMSE) 2021: Science and Mathematics Education Research: Current Challenges and Opportunities. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112974.

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Reports on the topic "Bacteria isolation"

1

Blakemore, Richard. Isolation and Growth of Wild-Type and Mutant Magnetotactic Bacteria. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230258.

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Logan, Bruce E., and John M. Regan. Isolation and Analysis of Novel Electrochemically Active Bacteria for Enhanced Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574405.

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Cytryn, Eddie, Mark R. Liles, and Omer Frenkel. Mining multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria for biocontrol activity and biologically-active compounds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598174.bard.

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Control of agro-associated pathogens is becoming increasingly difficult due to increased resistance and mounting restrictions on chemical pesticides and antibiotics. Likewise, in veterinary and human environments, there is increasing resistance of pathogens to currently available antibiotics requiring discovery of novel antibiotic compounds. These drawbacks necessitate discovery and application of microorganisms that can be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) and the isolation of novel biologically-active compounds. This highly-synergistic one year project implemented an innovative pipeline aimed at detecting BCAs and associated biologically-active compounds, which included: (A) isolation of multidrug-resistant desert soil bacteria and root-associated bacteria from medicinal plants; (B) invitro screening of bacterial isolates against known plant, animal and human pathogens; (C) nextgeneration sequencing of isolates that displayed antagonistic activity against at least one of the model pathogens and (D) in-planta screening of promising BCAs in a model bean-Sclerotiumrolfsii system. The BCA genome data were examined for presence of: i) secondary metabolite encoding genes potentially linked to the anti-pathogenic activity of the isolates; and ii) rhizosphere competence-associated genes, associated with the capacity of microorganisms to successfully inhabit plant roots, and a prerequisite for the success of a soil amended BCA. Altogether, 56 phylogenetically-diverse isolates with bioactivity against bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens were identified. These strains were sent to Auburn University where bioassays against a panel of animal and human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains such as A. baumannii 3806) were conducted. Nineteen isolates that showed substantial antagonistic activity against at least one of the screened pathogens were sequenced, assembled and subjected to bioinformatics analyses aimed at identifying secondary metabolite-encoding and rhizosphere competence-associated genes. The genome size of the bacteria ranged from 3.77 to 9.85 Mbp. All of the genomes were characterized by a plethora of secondary metabolite encoding genes including non-ribosomal peptide synthase, polyketidesynthases, lantipeptides, bacteriocins, terpenes and siderophores. While some of these genes were highly similar to documented genes, many were unique and therefore may encode for novel antagonistic compounds. Comparative genomic analysis of root-associated isolates with similar strains not isolated from root environments revealed genes encoding for several rhizospherecompetence- associated traits including urea utilization, chitin degradation, plant cell polymerdegradation, biofilm formation, mechanisms for iron, phosphorus and sulfur acquisition and antibiotic resistance. Our labs are currently writing a continuation of this feasibility study that proposes a unique pipeline for the detection of BCAs and biopesticides that can be used against phytopathogens. It will combine i) metabolomic screening of strains from our collection that contain unique secondary metabolite-encoding genes, in order to isolate novel antimicrobial compounds; ii) model plant-based experiments to assess the antagonistic capacities of selected BCAs toward selected phytopathogens; and iii) an innovative next-generation-sequencing based method to monitor the relative abundance and distribution of selected BCAs in field experiments in order to assess their persistence in natural agro-environments. We believe that this integrated approach will enable development of novel strains and compounds that can be used in large-scale operations.
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Kloepper, Joseph W., and Ilan Chet. Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613039.bard.

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Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associated with select, well-studied, biologically and phylogeographically representative biotypes of B. tabaci, and (ii) to attempt to 'cure’ select biotypes of certain symbionts to permit assessment of the affect of curing on whitefly fitness, gene flow, host plant preference, and virus transmission competency.To identify the diversity of bacterial community associated with a suite of phylogeographically-diverseB. tabaci, a total of 107 populations were screened using general Bacteria primers for the 16S rRNA encoding gene in a PCR. Sequence comparisons with the available databases revealed the presence of bacteria classified in the: Proteobacteria (66%), Firmicutes (25.70%), Actinobacteria (3.7%), Chlamydiae (2.75%) and Bacteroidetes (<1%). Among previously identified bacteria, such as the primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, and the secondary symbionts Hamiltonella, Cardinium and Wolbachia, a Rickettsia sp. was detected for the first time in this insect family. The distribution, transmission, and localization of the Rickettsia were studied using PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Rickettsia was found in all 20 Israeli B. tabaci populations screened as well as some populations screened in the Arizona laboratory, but not in all individuals within each population. FISH analysis of B. tabaci eggs, nymphs and adults, revealed a unique concentration of Rickettsia around the gut and follicle cells as well as its random distribution in the haemolymph, but absence from the primary symbiont housing cells, the bacteriocytes. Rickettsia vertical transmission on the one hand and its partial within-population infection on the other suggest a phenotype that is advantageous under certain conditions but may be deleterious enough to prevent fixation under others.To test for the possible involvement of Wolbachia and Cardiniumin the reproductive isolation of different B. tabacibiotypes, reciprocal crosses were preformed among populations of the Cardinium-infected, Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations. The crosses results demonstrated that phylogeographically divergent B. tabaci are reproductively competent and that cytoplasmic incompatibility inducer-bacteria (Wolbachia and Cardinium) both interfered with, and/or rescued CI induced by one another, effectively facilitating bidirectional female offspring production in the latter scenario.This knowledge has implications to multitrophic interactions, gene flow, speciation, fitness, natural enemy interactions, and possibly, host preference and virus transmission. Although extensive and creative attempts undertaken in both laboratories to cure whiteflies of non-primary symbionts have failed, our finding of naturally uninfected individuals have permitted the establishment of Rickettsia-, Wolbachia- and Cardinium-freeB. tabaci lines, which are been employed to address various biological questions, including determining the role of these bacteria in whitefly host biology.
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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.
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Van Rijn, Jaap, Harold Schreier, and Yossi Tal. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696511.bard.

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Ammonia waste removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is typically accomplished via the action of nitrifying bacteria in specially designed biofilters that oxidize ammonia to produce nitrate. In the majority of these systems nitrate is discharged to the environment through frequent water exchanges. As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed. In the funding period we showed that ammonia removal from wastewater could take place by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process carried out by bacterial Planctomycetessp. Referred to as “anammox”, this process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH₃ + HNO₂ -> N₂ + 2H₂O. Annamox has been estimated to result in savings of up to 90% of the costs associated with was wastewater treatment plants. Our objective was to study the applicability of the anammox process in a variety of recirculating aquaculture systems to determine optimal conditions necessary for efficient ammonia waste removal. Both seawater and freshwater systems operated with either conventional aerobic treatment of ammonia to nitrate (USA) or, in addition, denitrifying biofilters as well as anaerobic digestion of sludge (Israel) were tested. Molecular tools were used to screen and monitor different treatment compartments for the presence of Planctomycetes. Optimal conditions for the enrichment of the anammox bacteria were tested using laboratory scale biofilters as well as a semi-commercial system. Enrichment studies resulted in the isolation of some unique heterotrophic bacteria capable of plasmid-mediated autotrophic growth in the presence of ammonia and nitrite. Our studies have not only demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp. in recirculating marine and freshwater systems biofilter units but also demonstrated the applicability of the anammox process in these systems. Using our results we have developed treatment schemes that have allowed for optimizing the anammox process and applying it to recirculating systems.
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Morrison, Mark, and Joshuah Miron. Molecular-Based Analysis of Cellulose Binding Proteins Involved with Adherence to Cellulose by Ruminococcus albus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695844.bard.

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At the beginning of this project, it was clear that R. albus adhered tightly to cellulose and its efficient degradation of this polysaccharide was dependent on micromolar concentrations of phenylacetic acid (PAA) and phenylpropionic acid (PPA). The objectives for our research were: i) to identify how many different kinds of cellulose binding proteins are produced by Ruminococcus albus; ii) to isolate and clone the genes encoding some of these proteins from the same bacterium; iii) to determine where these various proteins were located and; iv) quantify the relative importance of these proteins in affecting the rate and extent to which the bacterium becomes attached to cellulose. BARD support has facilitated a number of breakthroughs relevant to our fundamental understanding of the adhesion process. First, R. albus possesses multiple mechanisms for adhesion to cellulose. The P.I.'s laboratory has discovered a novel cellulose-binding protein (CbpC) that belongs to the Pil-protein family, and in particular, the type 4 fimbrial proteins. We have also obtained genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrating that, in addition to CbpC-mediated adhesion, R. albus also produces a cellulosome-like complex for adhesion. These breakthroughs resulted from the isolation (in Israel and the US) of spontaneously arising mutants of R. albus strains SY3 and 8, which were completely or partially defective in adhesion to cellulose, respectively. While the SY3 mutant strain was incapable of growth with cellulose as the sole carbon source, the strain 8 mutants showed varying abilities to degrade and grow with cellulose. Biochemical and gene cloning experiments have been used in Israel and the US, respectively, to identify what are believed to be key components of a cellulosome. This combination of cellulose adhesion mechanisms has not been identified previously in any bacterium. Second, differential display, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD RT-PCR) has been developed for use with R. albus. A major limitation to cellulose research has been the intractability of cellulolytic bacteria to genetic manipulation by techniques such as transposon mutagenesis and gene displacement. The P.I.'s successfully developed DD RT- PCR, which expanded the scope of our research beyond the original objectives of the project, and a subset of the transcripts conditionally expressed in response to PAA and PPA have been identified and characterized. Third, proteins immunochemically related to the CbpC protein of R. albus 8 are present in other R. albus strains and F. intestinalis, Western immunoblots have been used to examine additional strains of R. albus, as well as other cellulolytic bacteria of ruminant origin, for production of proteins immunochemically related to the CbpC protein. The results of these experiments showed that R. albus strains SY3, 7 and B199 all possess a protein of ~25 kDa which cross-reacts with polyclonal anti-CbpC antiserum. Several strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains C- 94 and FD-1, and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 produced no proteins that cross-react with the same antiserum. Surprisingly though, F. intestinalis strain DR7 does possess a protein(s) of relatively large molecular mass (~200 kDa) that was strongly cross-reactive with the anti- CbpC antiserum. Scientifically, our studies have helped expand the scope of our fundamental understanding of adhesion mechanisms in cellulose-degrading bacteria, and validated the use of RNA-based techniques to examine physiological responses in bacteria that are nor amenable to genetic manipulations. Because efficient fiber hydrolysis by many anaerobic bacteria requires both tight adhesion to substrate and a stable cellulosome, we believe our findings are also the first step in providing the resources needed to achieve our long-term goal of increasing fiber digestibility in animals.
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Shapira, Roni, Judith Grizzle, Nachman Paster, Mark Pines, and Chamindrani Mendis-Handagama. Novel Approach to Mycotoxin Detoxification in Farm Animals Using Probiotics Added to Feed Stuffs. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592115.bard.

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T-2 toxin, a toxic product belongs to the trichothecene mycotoxins, attracts major interest because of its severe detrimental effects on the health of human and farm animals. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The hypothesis of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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10

Zhou, Ting, Roni Shapira, Peter Pauls, Nachman Paster, and Mark Pines. Biological Detoxification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) to Improve Safety of Animal Feed and Food. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613885.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of grains, is produced by members of the Fusarium genus. DON poses a health risk to consumers and impairs livestock performance because it causes feed refusal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic effects and cellular injury. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The overall objective of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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