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Gumbo, Jabulani Ray. "Antagonism of Bacillus spp. towards Microcyctis aeruginosa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04102008-113241/.
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Thesis (PhD Microbiology and Plant Pathology(Water resource management))-University of Pretoria, 2006.Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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He, Hongjun. "Thermal adaptation in Xenorhabdus spp., bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema spp." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0014/MQ42392.pdf.
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Allegretti, Luciana. "Isolamento e identificação de Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., Pediococcus spp. e Lactococcus spp. da microbiota intestinal de Papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-08122009-143059/.
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No Brasil, o papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva) é uma das aves mais procuradas como animal de estimação e comercializadas ilegalmente. Na literatura pouco é descrito sobre a microbiota intestinal de aves silvestres. O trato intestinal das aves é composto por inúmeras e diferentes espécies bacterianas. A grande maioria são bactérias gram-positivas pertencentes ao grupo de bactérias ácido-láticas. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar e identificar a presença de bactérias dos gêneros Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Pediococcus e Lactococcus na microbiota entérica de papagaios Amazona aestiva de vida livre e de cativeiro. Para isto foram coletadas amostras de 26 aves de vida livre e de 26 aves procedentes de dois criadouros comerciais. O Enterococcus foi o gênero que apresentou maior freqüência de isolamentos (100%), seguido dos gêneros Pediococcus (63,46%), Lactobacillus (28,84%), Lactococcus e Bifidobacterium (15,38%). Foram isoladas 12 espécies de Enterococcus, sendo o E. faecium a espécie que apresentou maior ocorrência de isolamento, presente em 63,46% das aves, seguido por E. faecalis isolado em 57,69% das aves, Enterococcus sp. identificado em 46,15% das aves, E. hirae em 30,76% e E. raffinosus em 19,23%. Seis espécies de Pediococcus foram isoladas, sendo que P. pentosaceus foi a mais freqüente e esteve presente em 57,69% das aves. Foram isoladas cinco (5) espécies de Lactococcus, sendo L. lactis subsp. cremoris isolados em 3,84% das aves e Lactococcus sp. em 9,61%. Lactobacillus apresentou uma maior diversidade, com 14 espécies identificadas, sendo as mais freqüentes L. coryniformis subsp. torquens e L. sanfrancisco com 7,69% de aves positivas para cada espécie. Três (3) espécies de Bifidobacterium foram isoladas, sendo B. bifidum identificado em 9,61% das aves. Estudos complementares precisam ser conduzidos para uma melhor compreensão da microbiota intestinal das aves silvestres, assim como analisar as similaridades e diferenças com as aves domésticas, o que permitirá um manejo apropriado e menos empírico desta espécie em cativeiro.In Brazil, Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva) has been widely owned as a pet bird and, therefore, one of the Brazilians birds most frequently traded illegally in the Black Market. There are few reports in the current literature regarding to the microbiota of wild birds. The gastrointestinal tract of these birds has a wide variety of bacterial species; most of them are Gram positive bacteria and belongs to the lactic acid group. The present study has isolated and identified Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, and Lactococcus bacterias present in fecal samples of wild and captive Amazona aestiva parrots. Fifty two fecal samples were collected from 26 wild parrots and 26 parrots from commercial breeders. Enterococcus genus was the most frequently isolated (100%), followed by Pediococcus (63.46%), Lactobacillus (28.84%), Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium (15.38%). Twelve species of Enterococcus were identified. E. faecium was the most frequently isolated from the birds representing 63.46%, followed by E. faecalis (57.69%), Enterococcus sp. (46.15%), E. hirae (30.76%), and E. raffinosus (19.23%). P. pentosaceus was identified from 57.69% of the parrots. This specie was the most frequently isolated. Five different species of Lactococcus were found out. Lactococcus sp. was identified from 9.61% of the birds, while L. lactis subsp. lactis represented 3.84%. Fourteen different species of Lactobacillus were isolated, showing the biggest diversity among all the studied genera. L. coryniformis subsp. torquens and L. sanfrancisco were isolated from 7.69% of the birds. Three different species of Bifidobacterium were isolated, and B. bifidum was identified in 9.61% of the birds, being the most frequently isolated. Further studies are needed to a better comprehension of the microbiota in wild birds. Besides comparing differences and similarities between wildlife parrots and pet birds will allow appropriate and less empiric management of those birds in captivity.
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Chang, Su-Sen. "Guaiacol producing Alicyclobacillus spp. differentiation, detection, and control /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/S_Chang_090208.pdf.
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Bender, Patricia. "Tipificação molecular de amostras de Brucella spp. utilização a técnica de BOX-PCR." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5365.
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O gênero Brucella é formado por coco-bacilos Gram negativos patogênicos ao homem e animais, sendo classificado como patógeno de grupo de risco III. A identificação dessas bactérias apresenta várias limitações como: exigência de inoculação em vários meios, tempo de incubação longo e necessidade de soros imunes e bacteriófagos. Devido à sua alta patogenicidade e ao longo tempo de exposição dos laboratoristas à bactéria, a brucelose é uma das infecções mais freqüentemente adquiridas em laboratório. Além da contaminação em laboratório, a transmissão ao homem pode ocorrer através de animais infectados e ingestão de produtos derivados, como o leite cru. A procura de métodos rápidos de identificação das espécies e biovares pode ser útil para diminuir os riscos do manuseio desta bactéria e na tomada de medidas de controle epidemiológico. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi facilitar a classificação de cepas de referência de Brucella spp. e isoladas no Brasil utilizando a técnica de rep-PCR com oligonucleotídeos do elemento BOX, uma seqüência repetida presente no genoma de várias bactérias. Foram analisados 38 isolados representando diferentes espécies e biovares de Brucella sp. e 13 isolados de gêneros relacionados como controle da especificidade da reação. Foi realizada uma confirmação prévia dos isolados de brucela por testes bioquímicos e PCR gênero-específica. A técnica de BOX-PCR agrupou todas as espécies e biovares de Brucella em um único grupo com nível de similaridade entre 100 e 74%. Diferenças entre os isolados, quanto a presença ou ausência de bandas, puderam ser observadas. Entretanto, essas divergências não caracterizam uma espécie ou biovar. Bandas comuns a todos os isolados de Brucella sp. podem caracterizar o gênero.
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Witzig, Stephen B. "Signals affecting the urease status of plant-associated bacteria, Methylobacterium spp." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5049.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 12, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Al-Ghabshi, Alya. "Bacteria recovered from aquaculture in Oman, with emphasis on Aeromonas Spp." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22154.
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Aquaculture is being seriously considered as a promising sustainable industry in the Sultanate of Oman. Fish farming commenced in Oman in 1986, but it was only in 2011 that it became a more commercially driven sector. While worldwide aquaculture production is expected to rise to meet the shortage in capture fisheries, there is a parallel requirement to identify potential threats to the health and welfare of existing aquatic farmed stocks and to take appropriate steps to mitigate them. As aquaculture in Oman is in an early stage of development, it is important to acquire baseline data on the existence and prevalence of aquatic diseases and pathogens to help the Government make policy decisions to develop health management regimes applicable for Omani aquaculture. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate current farming practices of tilapia in Oman, to investigate the bacterial species composition and distribution from different sites in some of the economically important fish species, and to study the characteristics and pathogenicity of Aeromonas species. The current practices were studied for 9 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms from four areas (Al Batinah, Ad Dhahirah, Ad Dakhiliyah and Ash Sharqiyah North) during the period of September to November 2012 by using questionnaires and interviews with the farm owners and staff. In total 417 fish representing 5 target species were chosen on the basis of the commercial importance and their potential for aquaculture in Oman, including red spot emperor (Lethrinus lentjan), king soldier bream (Argyrops spinifer), white spotted rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus), abalone (Haliotis mariae) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fish were collected from 5 main sampling areas in Oman (Muscat, Mudhaibi, Manah, Sohar and Salalah) based on the Atlas of suitable sites for aquaculture in Oman to investigate the bacterial species composition and distribution. The animals were examined for clinical signs of disease prior to routine bacteriology. Bacterial isolates were recovered using traditional methods and identified to species level using phenotypic and molecular approaches using 16S rDNA, 16S rDNA RFLP and 16S rDNA sequencing. Experimental fish challenge studies were also conducted using both live bacterial cells and ECP protein to investigate the pathogenicity of Aeromonas isolates. In addition, the presence of some virulence factors was investigated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The results of this study showed that, the most farms in the Oman follow very similar farming practices. The major proportion of the tilapia is consumed within the local communities. A number of farmers have experienced mortalities, which were considered to be attributable to poor water quality, overcrowding or due to excessive feeding. Farmers facing fish mortalities tended not to record the problems due to a lack of understanding of the concept of fish farm management. There is a regulation about aquaculture and related quality control, but it has not yet been implemented in an appropriate manner in Oman. From the diverse group of bacteria recovered from wild and farmed fish, 83% of the total isolates comprised Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria. The most frequently isolated groups from marine and cultured fish were Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., Sphingobacterium spp., Micrococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp., with Aeromonas spp. being the predominant group representing 25% of the isolates recovered in this study. Identification of the Aeromonas spp. showed 57% agreement between the results of phenotypic and genotypic methodologies, and determined 6 species as the dominant organisms, i.e. A. veronii, A. jandaei, A. caviae, A. trota, A. encheleia and A. salmonicida. 65% of the iso-lates shared 99% 16S rDNA sequence similarity with the closest sequences in GenBank, and the dominant species was A. veronii. In conclusion, the Aeromonas isolates recovered from fish with clinical signs of disease showed heterogeneity in their identification profiles and their pathogenicity.
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Geiselbrecht, Allison D. "The distribution and PAH-degradative potential of Cycloclasticus spp. in the marine environment /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11493.
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Danielsson, Mari. "Survival of Spore forming bacteria during pasteurisation and anaerobic digestion in biogas plants." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6990.
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ABSTRACT
Anaerobic digestion is one way of handling biowaste and generating energy in the form of methane, biogas.
This study shows that spore forming bacterias survive the process of pasteurisation and anaerobic digestion in biogas plants. It has also been established that both the nonpasteurised-and digestion- waste contains pathogen spore forming bacterias. Two Swedish full-scale
commercial biogas plants were sampled before pasteurisation, after pasteurisation and after digestion on 10 occasions with one week intervals. The samples were analysed quantitatively
and qualitatively, with biochemical methods, for Clostridium spp and Bacillus spp.
Polymerase Chain Reaction, a biomolecular method, was used for
C. chauvei analysis, with C. chauvei specific primers. For this analyse the biogas plants were sampled at 11 occasions.
Survival of pathogenic spore forming bacteria in digestion residue may be a health risk for both humans and animals. The digested residue may be used as fertiliser on arable land and the risk of contamination by pathogenic Clostridium spp and Bacillus spp is hard to assess, but can not be neglected.
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Dourado, Manuella Nóbrega. "Ecologia de Methylobacterium spp. na planta hospedeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-21062010-152920/.
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O gênero Methylobacterium é composto por bactérias de coloração rósea, metilotróficas facultativas (PPFM - pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic), que podem fixar nitrogênio, nodular a planta hospedeira, produzir o fitohormônio citocinina e as enzimas pectinase e celulase, podendo dessa forma promover o crescimento vegetal devido à disponibilidade de nitrogênio e à indução de resistência sistêmica. Methylobacterium spp. têm sido descritas como endófitos ou epífitas em diferentes plantas hospedeiras, onde a sua colonização e distribuição no hospedeiro podem ser influenciadas pelo genótipo da planta ou por interações com outros microrganismos associados ao hospedeiro. Neste contexto, poucos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos visando um melhor entendimento da interação Methylobacterium-planta e da diversidade deste gênero bacteriano que tem sido isolado de diferentes plantas hospedeiras, exercendo diferentes funções ainda pouco conhecidas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a diversidade genética de Methylobacterium spp., por meio do seqüenciamento parcial dos genes 16S rRNA e mxaF; analisar os genes de responsáveis pela interação da Methylobacterium com a planta hospedeira e analisar os genes envolvidos na interação Methylobacterium (endófito)- Xylella fastidiosa (patógeno). Os resultados mostraram que existe uma resposta adaptativa de Methylobacterium spp. específica para cada planta hospedeira. Da mesma forma, foi observado que esta adaptação específica da bactéria à planta, também pode levar à seleção de genótipos específicos para cada planta hospedeira, embora eventos aleatórios também possam ser responsáveis pela diversidade de Methylobacterium na planta hospedeira. Na análise de expressão gênica da interação Methylobacterium-planta, foi observado que o gene relacionado ao metabolismo do metanol (mxaF) não apresentou mudança no padrão de expressão. Genes relacionados a estresse crtI (estresse sentido pela bactéria) e acdS (estresse sentido pela planta), tiveram suas expressões reduzidas na presença da planta, mostrando que a presença de exsudados das plantas não representou um estresse ao desenvolvimento bacteriano. Os genes relacionados à patogenicidade patatin e phoU não foram alterados, confirmando que Methylobacterium é um endófito, e possuem expressão induzida de tais genes quando interagindo com a planta hospedeira. Os resultados permitem concluir que nas condições avaliadas os exsudados das plantas não causam estresse à bactéria (SR1.6/6). Por meio da análise de expressão gênica in vitro de X. fastidiosa em co-cultivo com M. mesophilicum, foi observado que este fitopatógeno vascular apresentou diminuição do crescimento e da formação de biofilme. Os resultados aqui apresentados mostram que a diversidade deste grupo de endófitos é parcialmente determinada pela planta hospedeira, onde tais bactérias interagem tanto com a planta como com outros grupos, como fitopatógenos presentes neste nicho.The genus Methylobacterium, constituted by PPFMs - pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic, are able to fix nitrogen, nodule the host plant, produce cytokines and enzymes involved in induction of systemic resistance such as pectinase and cellulase, inducing plant growth. Methylobacterium sp. has been described as endophyte or epiphyte in different host plants, where the colonization and distribution on the host can be influenced by plant genotype or by interaction with other microorganisms associated to the host. In this context, few studies aims the better understanding of the diversity of this genus in different host, the interaction Methylobacterium-plant, and the interaction Methylobacterium-other bacteria. Therefore, this study aims to study the genetic diversity of Methylobacterium spp., by sequencing the 16S rRNA and mxaF gene; to analyze the genes responsible for the Methylobacterium-plant host interaction and to analyze the genes involved in Methylobacterium (endophyte) - Xylella fastidiosa (pathogen) interaction. Results show differential adaptive responses of Methylobacterium spp. in distinct plant species. However, the clustering according to the host plant was observed for a subset of isolates, suggesting that this diversity could be driven by stochastic events, although plant genotype may contribute to this diversity. Analyzing the Methylobacterium-plant interaction gene expression it was observed that genes related to metabolism of methanol (mxaF) was not amended. The genes related to stress such as crtI (stress sensed by the bacteria) and acdS (stress sensed by the plant) had its expression reduced with the plant showing that the plant exudates did not represent a stress to the bacteria development. The genes related to pathogenicity like patatin and phoU were not amended, confirming that Methylobacterium is an endophyte that do not induce when the bacteria interacts with the plant host. Using a genetic expression analyses of X. fastidiosa in vitro in co-cultive with M. mesophilicum, it was seen that this phytopathogen presented the growth and biofilm formation reduction. These results show that the diversity of this endophyte group is partially determinate by the plant host, where this bacterium interacts with the plant and with other groups, such as phytopathogen present in this niche.
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Silveira, Anelise Beneduzi da. "Identificação e caracterização de isolados de Paenibacillus spp provenientes de amostras de água e de solo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72618.
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O gênero Paenibacillus, anteriormente pertencente ao gênero Bacillus, tem como representantes bastonetes produtores de esporos que se diferenciam destes pelos padrões encontrados através da amplificação e seqüenciamento de um fragmento da subunidade 16S rDNA. Esse gênero é extremamente diverso sendo encontrado tanto em ambientes aquáticos como em ambientes terrestres, e seus representantes podendo ser desde patógenos de animais a fixadores de nitrogênio (associados ou não a plantas). Dos oitenta bastonetes Gram positivos esporulados isolados dos balneários de Ipanema, Belém Novo e Lami (Porto Alegre/RS), trinta e cinco foram identificados através de PCR como sendo do gênero Paenibacillus e dos sessenta isolados de solo provenientes de Belém Novo (Porto Alegre/RS) e Osório (RS), vinte e nove são pertencentes a este gênero. Nos isolados provenientes da água foram encontrados representantes de P. validus (8), P. azotofixans (6), P. illinoisensis (3), P. chibensis (3), P. glucanolyticus (3), P. borealis (2), P. koreensís (2), P. brasiliensis (2), P. odorífer (1), P. apiarius (1), P. graminís (1), P. macerans (1), P. pabuli (1) e P. thiaminolyticus (1). Entre os indivíduos provenientes de amostras de solo foram identificados P. alginolyticus (7), P. pabuli (5), P. azotofixans (3), P. validus (4), P. thiaminolyticus (2), P. chibensis (2), P. apiarius (2), P. glucanolyticus (2), P. macquariensis (1) e P. peoriae (1). A caracterização genética através de BOX-PCR produziu fragmentos de 4365 a 445bp e revelou vinte e oito grupamentos em um nível de similaridade de 73% nos isolados provenientes da água, e dezoito grupamentos a 70% nos isolados do solo. Pelas análises foi possível identificar um elevado grau de polimorfismo, com diferenças inter e intraespecíficas entre os isolados de Paenibacillus, isso sendo evidenciado pelo alto número de grupamentos encontrados. Os isolados de Paenibacillus provenientes da água e do solo puderam ser separados em grupamentos distintos através do BOX-PCR, sugerindo que populações distintas estejam estabelecendo-se nestes ambientes.Paenibacillus genus, formerly Bacillus genus, are spore producer rod-shape that differ from Bacillus for the patterns found through 16S rDNA subunit amplification and sequencing. This genus is extremely diverse, being found both on aquatic and land environment, and it can be from animal pathogens to nitrogen fixer (associated or not to piants). From the eighty sporulated Gram positive rod-shape isolated from Ipanema, Belém Novo and Lami (Porto Alegre/RS), tirthy-five were identified through PCR as being Paenibacillus genus and, from the sixty isolated soul samples collected in Belém Novo (Porto Alegre/RS) and Osório (RS), twenty-nine belonged to this genus. Isolates of P. validus (8), P. azotofixans (6), P. iffinoisensis (3), P. chibensis (3), P. glucanolyticus (3), P. borealis (2), P. koreensis (2), P. brasiliensis (2), P. odorifer (1), P. apiarius (1), P. graminis (1), P. macerans (1), P. pabuli (1) and P. thiaminolyticus (1) were found on the isolated coming from water. Among the isolates coming from soil samples, it was identified P. alginolyticus (7), P. pabuli (5), P. azotofixans (3), P. validus (4), P. thiaminolyticus (2), P. chibensis (2), P. apiarius (2), P. glucanolyticus (2), P. macquariensis (1) and P. peoriae (1). The genetic characterization through BOX-PCR produced fragments from 4365 to 445bp and revealed twenty-eight groups with 73% similarity levei on water isolates, and eighteen groups with 70% levei on soil isolates. Through the ran out analysis a high degree of polymorphism were identified, with inter and intraspecific differences between the Paenibacillus isolates, what was observed with the high amount of groups found. The Paenibacillus isolates from water and soil could be separated in distinct groups through BOX-PCR, what suggests that different populations are being established in this environments.
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Wierzbicki, Robert. "Identificação de raças de Xanthomonas spp. patogênicas a pimentão no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-28042005-135025/.
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A pústula bacteriana é uma das principais doenças que afetam o pimentão em todo o mundo. Seu agente causal pode ser disseminado por sementes, e é capaz de diminuir a produção e depreciar os frutos para comercialização. A bactéria Xanthomonas spp., o agente causal da doença, apresenta alta variabilidade. Três espécies estão associadas à doença: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. vesicatoria e X. gardneri. Enquanto alguns isolados infectam somente o pimentão, outros infectam pimentão e tomate. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria é considerada a espécie mais comum em pimentão, e era anteriormente conhecida como o grupo A de Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (A1 não amidolítico, A2 amidolítico); e o grupo B era representado por Xanthomonas vesicatoria (fortemente amidolítico). Até agora, 11 raças do patógeno foram relatadas, sendo as raças 1, 2 e 3 as mais comuns. A resistência genética tem sido a mais importante forma de controle e pode ser obtida pelo emprego de 4 genes dominantes (Bs1, Bs2, Bs3, Bs4). Estes genes estão associados à reação de hipersensibilidade e representam a forma mais promissora de resistência atualmente. Mesmo assim, o gene de resistência a ser utilizado depende da correta identificação das raças no campo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a identificação de raças de Xanthomonas spp. isoladas em áreas de produção no Estado de São Paulo, visando o desenvolvimento e/ ou recomendação de cultivares resistentes. A identificação de raças do patógeno foi realizada através da observação da reação de hipersensibilidade em linhas quase isogênicas de pimentão Early California Wonder - ECW, ECW-10R, ECW-20R, ECW-30R; e na pimenta PI-235047. Os resultados obtidos entre os 41 isolados avaliados, indicaram a ocorrência das seguintes raças por região: raça 0 (Lins); raça 1 (Bacuriti); raça 2 (Bragança Paulista, Bacuriti, Lins, Ibiúna, Piacatu e Guaíra); raça 3 (Piedade); raça 7 (Mogi das Cruzes) e raça 8 (Piedade, Bragança Paulista, Bacuriti, Lins e Mogi das Cruzes). Pelos resultados, sugere-se o desenvolvimento e a recomendação de cultivares com o gene Bs2 para as regiões estudadas, pois este gene confere resistência às raças 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 e 8 do patógeno.Bacterial spot is one of the main diseases that affects the pepper worldwide. Its causal agent can be spreaded by seeds, and it is able to decrease the production and to depreciate fruits for commercialization. The bacteria Xanthomonas spp. the causal agent of bacterial spot is highly variable. Three species are associated to the disease: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. vesicatoria and X. gardneri. Some isolates infect only pepper and other infect pepper and tomato. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria has been considered the most common species in pepper, and was formerly known as group A of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (A1 non amylolitic, A2 amylolitic) and group B represented by Xanthomonas vesicatoria (strongly amylolitic). Up to now 11 races of the pathogen have been reported and the races 1, 2 and 3 are the most common. The genetic resistance has been the most important control method, through 4 dominant genes (Bs1, Bs2, Bs3, Bs4). These genes are associated to the hipersensitivity reaction and represent the most promising form of resistance nowadays. Even so, the resistance gene to be used depends on the correct identification of the races in the field. This work aimed the identification of the Xanthomonas spp. races in the São Paulo State from production areas, for the development and/ or recommendation of resistant cultivars. The identification of races of the pathogen was accomplished through the observation of the hypersensitivity reaction on near isogenic lines of Early California Wonder pepper - ECW, ECW-10R, ECW-20R, ECW-30R; and in the PI-235047 hot-pepper. Obtained results from 41 isolates, indicated the occurrence of the next races per region: race 0 (Lins); race 1 (Bacuriti); race 2 (Bragança Paulista, Bacuriti, Lins, Ibiúna, Piacatu and Guaíra); race 3 (Piedade); race 7 (Mogi das Cruzes); and race 8 (Piedade, Bragança Paulista, Bacuriti, Lins, Mogi das Cruzes). The results suggest the development and/ or recomendation of cultivars carring the Bs2 gene for studied regions, which confers resistance to 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8 races of the pathogen.
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Obando-Pereda, Gustavo Alberto 1978. "Avaliação do desenvolvimento das espécies de Candida spp. em biofilmes pre-formados por especies de Streptococcus spp. e Staphylococcus aureus e sua inibição pela atividade antifungica de extratos vegetais." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289364.
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Orientadores: Jose Francisco Hofling, Marta Cristina Duarte TeixeiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Tem-se demonstrado que espécies de Candida podem também ser encontradas no biofilme oral, co-agregadas ou aderidas a espécies bacterianas ali presentes, preferencialmente à espécies de Estreptococos, como também há adesão destas leveduras às células do epitélio e aos aparatos protéticos (neste caso é muito comum que pacientes portadores de próteses sejam alvos para as infecções fúngicas). Assim, a habilidade das espécies de Candida para formar biofilme em dispositivos médicos tem ampliado a capacidade de causar doenças assim como a capacidade de resistir a antifúngicos. Por outro lado nas ultimas décadas, tem se observado um crescente interesse nas medicinas alternativas e nas terapias naturais, justificando o aumento significativo de pesquisas nessa área ampliandose no presente. O objetivo desta pesquisa é, primeiramente, avaliar a interação das espécies de Candida albicans, C. tropicalis e C. glabrata em biofilmes préformados por espécies de Streptococcus oralis, S. sanguis, S. mitis, S. mutans e Staphylococcus aureus em diferentes materiais protéticos como: titânio e resina acrílica, e, secundariamente, testar a ação de alguns extratos fitoterápicos como a Mentha piperita, Cymbopogum martinii e Cympopogum winterianus através da concentração mínima inibitória (CMI), na inibição da co-agregação das espécies de Candida spp. a estes microrganismos. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa demonstram que as espécies de Candida albicans desenvolvem biofilme sobre os biofilmes pré-formados das bactérias testadas independentemente do material avaliado. A presença de bactérias se demonstra determinante para o desenvolvimento de biofilme por espécies de Candida. A inibição de Candida spp. pelos extratos vegetais testados se mostrou parcial e semelhante quando comparadas, ao lado de se revelarem substâncias potencialmente antifúngicas
Abstract: Candida spp. have been demonstrated found in the oral biofilm, coaggregated or adhered to oral bacteria, especially Streptococcus spp., also too the adhesion of these yeast to mucosal cells and prosthetic devices (in this case is common that patients that carry a prosthetic device, could be targets to fungal infections). The ability of Candida spp. to form biofilm on medical devices has extended the capacity to cause diseases and to resist antifungal agents. The lasts decades, have been observed big interest concern to medicinal plants and natural therapies, justifying the significant increase of research on the area in the present. The aim of this research was firstly, evaluate the interaction of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata on S. oralis, S. sanguis, S. mitis, S. mutans and Staphylococcus aureus preformed biofilm in different prosthetics materials like titanium and acrylic resin. Secondly, was evaluated the action of some vegetal extracts like Mentha piperita, Cymbopogum martinii and Cympopogum winterianus, using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), against the Candida spp. coaggregation with these microorganisms. The data obtained in this research show that Candida spp. develop biofilm on preformed bacterial biofilm, independently of tested material. Bacterias are determinant to Candida spp. biofilm development. The Candida spp. inhibition for vegetal extract was partial and equal when compared, revealing itself like potentially antifungal substances
Mestrado
Microbiologia e Imunologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Prodócimo-Moscardi, Salésia Maria [UNESP]. "Presença e tipificação de Salmonella spp. no conteúdo ruminal de bovinos pós-abate." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115913.
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O Brasil lidera o ranking de maior exportador de carne bovina no mundo desde 2008. Garantir a segurança microbiológica desses alimentos tem sido um dos principais focos da indústria processadora de carnes. A aplicação de análises nas diversas etapas do processo industrial tem sido vital para implantar e manter programas de autocontrole como o APPCC. Entre as enfermidades mais frequentes causadas pela ingestão de alimentos contaminados, especialmente os de origem animal, destacam-se as salmoneloses, sendo que sua transmissão se dá primariamente pela via fecal oral. Diante disso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a presença de Salmonella spp. em amostras de conteúdo ruminal coletadas durante o abate de bovinos em uma planta frigorífica localizada na região metropolitana de Curitiba - PR. Duzentos e dois animais distribuídos em oito lotes foram avaliados entre os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Ao final do experimento, 37,5% dos lotes mostraram-se positivos para o agente sendo que 2,97% (6/202) das amostras de conteúdo ruminal isolaram o micro-organismo. A totalidade dos animais positivos recebia como alimento apenas pasto de azevém e aveia. Não foi observada a influência de fatores como o estresse do transporte ou temperatura ambiental sobre o isolamento do patógeno. Entretanto a detecção do mesmo sorovar, Salmonella Schwarzengrund na totalidade dos isolamentos nos permite levantar a hipótese de que a contaminação dos animais tenha se dado na própria indústria, a partir das estruturas físicas, responsáveis por conter os bovinos ou conduzi-los ao box de insensibilização
Brazil leads the world ranking of bovine meat exportation since 2008. To ensure the microbiological safety of these food products has been one of the primary focuses of the meat processing industry. The application of analyses on diverse stages of the industrial process has been vital for deploy and keeping of self-control programs like APPCC. Beyond the most frequent diseases caused by the ingestion of contaminated food, specially animal origin ones, the salmonellosis stand out being transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route. In light of this, the work had the objective to research the presence of Salmonella spp. in rumen fluid samples collected during cattle slaughter at a slaughtering plant localized in Curitiba’s metropolitan area. Two hundred animals distributed over eight lots was evaluated between august and december, 2013. At the end of the experiment, 37.5% of the lots were positive for the agent of which 2.97% (6/202) of samples of rumen contents isolated the micro-organism.The total of the positive animals had been feed with ryegrass pastures and oat. Not the influence of factors like transportation stress or environment temperature over pathogen isolation was observed. However, the detection of the same serovar, Salmonella Schwarzengrund on overall insulation allow us to raise the hypothesis that all animal contamination have been given inside the industry itself, from the infrastructure responsible of holding the cattle or conducting it to the stunning box
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Verachia, Wasseela. "Application of Pediococcus spp. adjunct cultures in Gouda cheese." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092006-160534.
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Abuhalfaya, Ali Mohamed. "Recruitment of the gene for teh TEM-1 #beta#-lactamase into the chromosome of Acinetobacter spp." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337485.
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Tonani, Karina Aparecida de Abreu. "Bioagentes patogênicos em águas residuárias: destaque para giardia spp., cryptosporidium spp. bactérias indicadoras e vírus entéricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-08082011-154457/.
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Esgotos urbanos constituem compartimentos ambientais que favorecem a emergência e re-emergência enfermidades de veiculação hídrica. Este estudo objetivou analisar cistos de Giardia spp., oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., assim como cistos, ovos e larvas de outros protozoários e helmintos patogênicos; Coliformes Totais e Termotolerantes, Rotavírus e Adenovírus em amostras de esgoto bruto e tratado da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Ribeirão Preto - SP. As coletas de esgoto foram realizadas no ponto de entrada e no ponto de saída da ETE-Ribeirão Preto/SP. As análises de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. foram realizados pelo Método 1623 da EPA. Ovos, cistos e larvas de outros protozoários e helmintos foram analisados pelo Método de Sedimentação proposto pela CETESB (1989). A análise de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foi realizada pela Técnica de Tubos Múltiplos (Colilert®). A análise de vírus foi realizada através do Teste de Elisa com o KIT da RIDASCREEN® Enzimaimunoensaio. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que a concentração de Giardia spp. no esgoto bruto variou de 120 a 2200 cistos/L, já no esgoto tratado essa concentração variou de 0,45 a 3,5 cistos/L. Com relação aos oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. a concentração no esgoto bruto variou de não detectável a 28,9 oocistos/L e no esgoto tratado as concentrações variaram de não detectável a 1,05 oocistos/L. O processo de lodos ativados na ETE-RP promoveu uma remoção parcial de parasitas, tais como: Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hystolitica, Ancylostoma sp., Ascaris sp. Fasciola hepatica e Strongyloides stercoralis, cujo fator de redução variou entre 18,2 e 100%. Pode-se observar que houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o número mais provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes no esgoto bruto e esgoto tratado, mostrando uma redução na concentração desses organismos indicadores após o tratamento do esgoto na ETE-Ribeirão Preto/SP. Não houve correlação significativa entre as concentrações de coliformes totais e termotolerantes em relação à concentração de cistos de Giardia spp. e oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp.. A análise de vírus mostrou resposta positiva para Rotavirus e Adenovirus em todas as amostras analisadas (esgoto bruto e tratado), mostrando menor absorvância no esgoto tratado. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a identificação e caracterização de microorganismos de veiculação hídrica no esgoto tratado na ETE-RP, fornecendo dados úteis para a definição de políticas públicas de saneamento, referentes ao controle da qualidade microbiológica do esgoto no país.Sewage treatment is still precarious in many Brazilian cities, which has contributed to the emergence and re-emergence of waterborne diseases. This study analyzed Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, as well as cysts, eggs and larvae of other protozoa and helminthes. Also part of the study were total and thermotolerant coliforms, Rotavirus and Adenovirus in samples of raw and treated sewage of the Sewage Treatment Station (ETE) of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Sewage samples were taken at the points of entry and exit of the ETE, Ribeirão Preto. Analyses of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were performed through the EPA\'s method 1623. Eggs, cysts and larvae of other protozoa and helminthes were analyzed utilizing the method of sedimentation as proposed by CETESB (1989). Analyses of total and thermotolerant coliforms were performed using the Multiple Tube method (Colilert®). Viral analyses were performed through the RIDASCREEN® enzyme immunoassay ELISA test kit. The results revealed that the concentration of Giardia spp. in raw sewage varied from 120 to 2,200 cysts/L; this concentration varied from 0.45 to 3.5 cysts/L in treated sewage. The concentration of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in raw sewage varied from non-detectable to 28.9 oocysts/L and from non-detectable to 1.05 oocysts/L in treated sewage. The activated sludge process used in ETE promoted a partial removal of parasites such as: Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba hystolitica, Ancylostoma sp., Ascaris sp. Fasciola hepatica and Strongyloides stercoralis. Reduction factors varied from 18.2 to 100%. A statistically significant difference was observed between the most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms in raw and treated sewage, showing a reduction in the concentration of these indicators after the treatment of sewage in ETE, Ribeirão Preto. No statistically significant correlation was found between the concentrations of total and thermotolerant coliforms in relation to the concentration of Giardia cysts spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Analyzing viruses showed positive responses for Rotavirus and Adenovirus in all the studied samples (raw and treated sewage), with a smaller absorbance in the treated sewage. The results contribute to the identification and evaluation of the prevalence of waterborne microorganisms in treated sewage in ETE, Ribeirão Preto, providing useful data for the definition of public policies for sanitation concerning microbiological quality control in Brazil\'s sewage.
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Kaltenpoth, Martin. "Protective bacteria and attractive pheromones - symbiosis and chemical communication in beewolves (Philanthus spp., Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982568959.
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Mizuno, Masayuki. "Studies on distribution and colonization of facultative methylotrophic bacteria Methylobacterium spp. on the perilla plant." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/179362.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第17792号
農博第2013号
新制||農||1016(附属図書館)
学位論文||H25||N4783(農学部図書室)
30599
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 阪井 康能, 教授 小川 順, 教授 梅澤 俊明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Sutton, Gabriel Humberto Cosenza. "Enumeration of total airborne bacteria, yeast and mold contaminants and identification of escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria Spp., Salmonella Spp., and Staphylococcus Spp. in a beef and pork slaughter facility." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006613.
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Fujimoto, Graciela 1984. "Estudo de fatores de virulência e propriedades tecnológicas de culturas de Enterococcus spp isoladas de queijo de coalho." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255755.
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Orientadores: Arnaldo Yoshiteru Kuaye, Maria de Fátima BorgesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Enterococcus spp são bactérias conhecidas pela sua natureza ambígua, uma vez que podem promover características de interesse tecnológico em produtos fermentados, mas também, estão entre os principais patógenos nosocomiais. São bactérias onipresentes e sua prevalência ocorre principalmente em queijos de produção artesanal, como o queijo de coalho, produto bastante consumido na região nordeste do Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou: avaliar os principais determinantes fenotípicos (_-hemólise e gelatinase) e genotípicos (ace, as, cylA, cylB, cylM, efaA, esp, gelE e vanA) de virulência; verificar a atuação do gênero como cultura iniciadora no queijo de coalho (produção de diacetil, proteólise, lipólise e perfil em leite tornassolado); avaliar a produção de atividade antimicrobiana por isolados sem potencial de patogenicidade. A avaliação de determinantes de virulência foi realizada com 150 Enterococcus spp isolados de 14 amostras de queijos de coalho provenientes de duas regiões de produção artesanal do estado do Ceará. Utilizando-se a técnica molecular da PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase), identificou-se a presença de 90% (135/150) de E. faecium, 2,7% (4/150) de E. faecalis e 7,3% (11/150) de Enterococcus spp. Entre os determinantes genotípicos avaliados por PCR, apenas o gene as, foi negativo para todos os 150 isolados. Todos os E. faecalis apresentaram pelo menos um determinante genotípico de virulência, com 25% (1/4) para ace e gelE, 50% (2/4) e 100% (4/4), para efaA e esp, respectivamente. Entre os E. faecium também se observou que 16,3% (22/135) foram positivos para os genes efaA e esp. A atividade _-hemolítica foi observada em 36,3% (49/135) dos E. faecium e 50,0% (2/4) dos E. faecalis, destes, apenas, 1 E. faecium apresentou todos os genes do operon da citolisina (cylA, B, M). Outros 12 E. faecium apresentaram um ou dois genes cyl, mas não expressaram atividade _-hemolítica. A atividade da gelatinase foi observada para 2,9% (4/135) dos E. faecium, no entanto, o gene gelE, foi confirmado para apenas 2 desses E. faecium. O gene gelE foi confirmado por sequenciamento para 25% (1/4) dos E. faecalis e 20% (27/135) dos E. faecium que não expressaram a atividade gelatinase. A resistência a antibióticos foi determinada para 129 enterococos. Para os isolados de E. faecium 17,5 % (20/114) foram resistentes a eritromicina, 10,5 % (12/114) a tetraciclina e 0,9 % (1/114) a teicoplanina e a vancomicina (que não apresentou o gene vanA). O gene vanA foi observado em 6 E. faecium que foram sensíveis a vancomicina. Para os isolados de E. faecalis, 75 % (3/4) foram resistentes a tetraciclina. O perfil de características tecnológicas de 43 E. faecium e 2 E. faecalis, demonstrou que tanto isolados que não apresentaram determinantes de virulência quanto os que apresentaram múltiplos determinantes de virulência, foram capazes de produzir ácido lático, diacetil e atividade lipolítica. Apenas 1 isolado de E. faecium foi capaz de produzir atividade antimicrobiana contra L. monocytogenes. A presença de pelo menos um fator de virulência ou resistência a antibióticos foi observada em 82% dos enterococos, alertando sobre a necessidade de estudos cuidadosos quanto ao uso destes no processamento de alimentos
Abstract: Enterococcus spp bacteria are known for their ambiguous nature, since they can promote features of technological interest in fermented products, but also are among the leading nosocomial pathogens. They are ubiquitous and their prevalence occurs mainly in artisanal cheeses production, like ¿Coalho¿ cheese, product pretty consumed in the northeastern region of Brazil. Thus, this stud aimed to evaluate the major phenotypic (_-hemolysin and gelatinase) and genotypic (ace, as, cylA, cylB, cylM, efaA, esp, gelE e vanA) virulence determinants; check the performance of the genre as starter culture in Coalho cheese (production of proteolysis, diacetyl, lipolysis and profile on Litmus Milk); evaluate the production of antimicrobial activity by isolated without potential for pathogenicity. The assessment of virulence determinants was made with 150 strains of enterococci obtained from 14 samples of Coalho cheese made by artisanal production from two different regions in the state of Ceara. Using molecular technique of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), it was identified the presence of 90% (135/150) E. faecium, 2.7% (4/150) E. faecalis and 7.3% (11/150) Enterococcus spp. Among genotypic determinants evaluated by PCR only as gene was negative for all 150 isolates. All E. faecalis showed at least one genotypic virulence determinant, with 25% (1/4) to ace and gelE, 50% (2 / 4) and 100% (4/4), respectively for efaA and esp. Amongst E. faecium was also noted that 16.3% (22/135) were positive for efaA and esp. genes _-hemolytic activity was observed in 36.3% (49/135) of E. faecium and 50.0% (2/4) of E. faecalis, however only one E. faecium strains, showed all cytolysin genes (cylA, B, M). Another 12 E. faecium showed one or two cyl genes but haven¿t expressed _-hemolysin. Gelatinase activite was observed in 2.9% (4/135) of E. faecium, however gelE gene was observed in only two of these strains. The gelE gene was confirmed by sequencing for 25% (1/4) of E. faecalis and 20% (27/135) E. faecium that haven¿t expressed gelatinase activite. Antibiotic resistance was determined in 129 enterococci. For E. faecium strains, 17.5% (20/114) were resistant to erythromycin, 10.5% (12/114) to tetracycline and 0.9% (1/114) to teicoplanin and vancomycin (that haven¿t had vanA gene). About E.faecalis strains, 75% (3/4) were resistant to tetracycline. The vanA gene was observed in 6 E. faecium that were susceptible to vancomycin. Technological characteristics of 43 E. faecium and 2 E. faecalis were observed in nonpathogenic strains and in strains that showed multiple virulence determinants. All of this groups produced lactic acid, dyacetil and lypolisis. Only one E.faecium has showed antimicrobial activit against L. monocytogenes. The presence of at least a factor of virulence determinants or antibiotic resistence was observed in 82 % of Enterococcus strains, alerting about the necessity of careful studies regarding the use of enterococci in food processing
Mestrado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Folkesson, Anders. "On extrinsic and intrinsic organizational themes in gram-negative bacteria and their role in evolution and virulence of the bacterial genus Salmonella spp /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-375-9/.
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Kamitani, Fernando Luiz. "Caracterização molecular de isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos, Heterorhabditis spp. e seus simbiontes, Photorhabdus spp., provenientes de Monte Negro, RO." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-18102010-082658/.
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Os isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos provenientes do solo de Monte Negro (RO) receberam o prefixo LPP seguido de um número sequencial. As linhagens de bactérias simbiontes receberam o prefixo MN como referência ao local de isolamento. As culturas dos isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos LPP foram estabelecidas em nosso laboratório, sendo necessário cultivar também o lepidóptero Galleria mellonella para as infeções visando manter os nematóides em cultura. Os isolados, tanto de nematóides como das bactérias, foram identificados através do sequenciamento de genes ribossômicos (ITS 1 e 2 além do 5.8S para os nematóides e 16S para as bactérias). Análises integradas, abrangendo morfologia (em colaboração com a Dra. Claudia Dolinski e Inês Machado) e análises filogenéticas permitiram a identificação dos nematóides. Essas análises morfomoleculares mostram que as linhagens não podem ser descritas como novas espécies, baseadas apenas no local de isolamento, mas como pertencentes à espécies já descritas e bem caracterizadas. As linhagens de nematóides foram identificadas como pertencentes a duas espécies do gênero Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida): Heterorhabditis baujardi (LPP5, 7, 8, 10 e 11) Heterorhabditis indica (LPP1, 2, 3, 4, 9). A bactéria entomopatogênica simbionte isolada a partir do nematoide Heterorhabditis baujardi linhagem LPP7 foi identificada como pertencente à espécie Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens linhagem MN7. Análises filogenéticas mostram que há similaridade entre o isolado bacteriano e as outras linhagens já descritas de Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens. Ao mesmo tempo em que eram isoladas as bactérias simbiontes, ocorreu o isolamento de outra espécie de bactéria forética dos nematóides entomopatogênicos, identificada após sequenciamento parcial do 16S, como pertencentes ao gênero Ochrobactrum. As linhagens isoladas foram denominadas OMN2, OMN3, OMN4.The entomopathogenic nematodes isolates from Monte Negro (RO) soils received the prefix LPP followed by a sequential number. The strains of bacterial symbionts received the prefix MN as a reference to its isolation site. Cultures of LPP entomopathogenic nematodes were established in our laboratory and the need for suitable hosts were supplied by cultivating the lepidopteran Galleria mellonella. Nematode and bacterial isolates were identified through ribosomal genes (ITS 1 and 2, 5.8S for nematodes and 16S for bacteria) sequencing. Integrated analysis, including morphology (in collaboration with Dr. Claudia Dolinski and Inês Machado) and a phylogenetic approach allowed the identification of nematodes. These morpho-molecular analysis clearly showed that our strains can not be described as new species, solely based on the isolation site critheria. It should be described as belonging to previously described and well characterized species. The nematode strains were identified as belonging to two species of the genus Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida): Heterorhabditis baujardi (LPP5, 7, 8, 10 and 11) Heterorhabditis indica (LPP1, 2, 3, 4, 9). The entomopathogenic bacterial symbiont isolated from the nematode Heterorhabditis baujardi strain LPP7 was identified as belonging to the species Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens strain MN7. Phylogenetic analysis showed similarities between isolated bacterial strains and other previously described Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. luminescens strains. In paralel work, along with bacterial symbionts isolation, other entomopathogenic nematodes foretic bacteria were isolated and identified after partial sequencing of 16S, as belonging to the genus Ochrobactrum. The isolated strains were named OMN2, OMN3, OMN4.
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Liu, Xiulan. "Characterisation of antibiotic resistance gene clusters and their mobility within a collection of multi-drug resistant Salmonella spp." School of Biological Sciences - Faculty of Science, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3043.
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One hundred and thirty-six Salmonella enterica strains, isolated from humans, animals, environmental and plant sources in Australia from 23 serovars, were examined for the streptomycin resistance gene strA and strB, the sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, and the tetracycline resistance gene tetA(A) and tetA(B). Thirteen strains were identified as containing the strA-strB genes located on the transposon Tn5393. S. enterica serovar Hadar accounted for 11 of these strains, 6 of which were isolated from humans and 5 were from ducks. This investigation is therefore the first report of the Tn5393 transposon being detected in bacterial strains from a human source in Australia.RSF1010 plasmids were identified and extracted from 4 S. enterica strains, and were further confirmed by restriction enzyme profiling using PstI, SspI and EcoRV. Small non-conjugative plasmid p9123 was extracted and characterised from 3 of the S. enterica strains and also confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion. An RSF1010-like plasmid was also identified in 3 of the strains. This plasmid was found to be approximately 2.6 kb larger than RSF1010, and possibly derived from the RSF1010 plasmid via insertion of the tetracycline resistance gene tetA(A) between strB and mobC genes.An IS26-strB-strA-sul2-repC-repA-IS26 antibiotic resistance region was identified in 33 S. enterica strains, among these were 23 serovar Typhimurium isolates, 8 serovar Bovismorbificans, 1 serovar Senftenberg and 1 isolate where the serovar could not be conclusively identified. The 23 Typhimurium strains were further characterised by PCR and Southern hybridisation analysis using a blaTEM gene probe. The analysis identified two classes of antibiotic resistance gene clusters. Eleven S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains harboured an IS26-strB-strA-sul2-repC-repA-IS26-blaTEM-1-IS26 antibiotic resistance gene cluster and another 10 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains contained an IS26-strB-strA-sul2-repC-repA-IS26-blaTEM-1 gene cluster, without the IS26 element downstream of the blaTEM-1 gene. Two strains contain elements of these gene clusters but further investigation is needed to fully identify these.Further linkage PCR amplifications revealed that the IS26-strB-strA-sul2-repC-repA-IS26-blaTEM-1-IS26 antibiotic resistance gene cluster was possibly inserted into the 3P-CS of a class 1 integron (In4 type) and truncated the 3P-CS region. Three derivatives were identified, of which the dfrA5-intI1 type was most commonly found downstream of the blaTEM-1-IS26 region. Southern hybridisation analysis using an IS200 gene probe revealed that strains which contain different antibiotic resistance gene clusters also display different but related IS200 profiles.The antibiotic resistance gene clusters of 19 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains were transferred to an E. coli 294 Rifr recipient either by direct mating or triparental mating methods. These experiments confirmed that the antibiotic resistance gene clusters were located on conjugative or mobilisable plasmids. The antibiotic resistance gene clusters of 4 S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains could not be transferred to the E. coli 294 Rifr recipient. These experimental results suggest that the antibiotic resistance gene cluster of IS26-strB-strA-sul2-repC-repA-IS26-blaTEM-1-IS26 might move as one genetic element between distinct plasmid backbones.
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Luvizotto, Danice Mazzer. "Caracterização fisiológica e molecular de Burkholderia spp. associadas às raízes de caa-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-15122008-144208/.
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A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.) é uma planta que ocupa posição de destaque entre as culturas de importância econômica no cenário internacional, principalmente no Brasil, que é o maior produtor mundial. O estudo da diversidade microbiana associada a plantas, principalmente aquelas com interesse comercial, apresenta-se como importante alternativa para melhorar as características e a sustentabilidade destas culturas. Neste sentido, bactérias endofíticas e rizobactérias tem sido alvo de muitos estudos, pois apresentam efeitos benéficos para as plantas, como promoção de crescimento e inibição de patógenos. Um dos grupos de bactérias que colonizam a cana-de-açúcar é composto por espécies do gênero Burkholderia. Este gênero é composto de bactérias que podem ser encontradas em diferentes nichos ecológicos, como o solo, a água, ou em associação com plantas, fungos, e outros animais, além de humanos. Na interação bactéria-planta, as espécies de Burkholderia podem colonizar a rizosfera e o interior das raízes hospedeiro, onde podem estimular o crescimento do vegetal, contribuir para sua nutrição, como também protegê-lo da ação de fitopatógenos. Sendo assim, isolados de Burkholderia spp. do interior das raízes (endofíticos) e da rizosfera de cana-de-açúcar foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de fixar nitrogênio, produzir AIA, sideróforos, enzimas de interesse biotecnológico, solubilizar fosfato inorgânico e inibir patógenos desta cultura. Estes isolados também foram caracterizados geneticamente por análise de restrição e seqüenciamento dos genes 16S rDNA e gyrB, além da caracterização genotípica por BOX-PCR. Os resultados indicam que os isolados possuem potencial para promoção de crescimento vegetal, inibição de patógenos e produção de lipases. Filogeneticamente, a maioria dos isolados pertencem ao complexo Burkholderia cepacia com similaridade à B. cepacia e B. cenocepacia. Considerando a ocorrência dos isolados como endófitos ou rizosféricos, as metodologias fenotípicas e genotípicas não foram capazes de distinguir os membros componentes destas comunidades. Este trabalho evidencia a ampla associação deste grupo com cana-de-açúcar, e destaca as possíveis aplicações que tais bactérias podem ter no cultivo e sustentabilidade desta cultura.Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) occupies a position of prominence among the economically important crops in the international scene, mainly in Brazil, which is the world\'s largest producer. The study of microbial diversity associated with plants, especially those with commercial interest, presents itself an important alternative to improve the performance and sustainability of these crops. In this sense, endophytic bacteria and rhizobacteria has been target of many studies, since they have beneficial effects for plants, such as plant growth promotion and inhibition of pathogens. One of the bacterial groups that colonize sugarcane is composed of species of the genus Burkholderia. This genus is composed of a bacterium that can be found in different ecological niches, such as soil, water, or in association with plants, fungi and other animals, as well as in humans. In the association bacterium-plant, the species of Burkholderia can colonize the rhizosphere and the inside of the host roots, which can stimulate the growth of the plant, contributing to its nutrition, but also protects it from the action of phytopathogens. Thus strains of Burkholderia spp. isolated from the inside of the roots (endophytic) and from the rhizosphere of sugarcane were evaluated for the ability to fix nitrogen, produce IAA, siderophores, enzymes of biotechnological interests, solubilize inorganic phosphate and inhibits pathogens of the same crop. These strains were also genetically characterized by the analysis of enzymatic restriction and sequencing of 16S rDNA and gyrB genes, in addition to the characterization by genotypic technique BOX-PCR. The results indicate that the strains have potential for plant growth promotion, inhibition of pathogens and production of lipases. Phylogenetically, the isolates were affiliated to Burkholderia cepacia complex, with mainly similarity to B. cepacia and B. cenocepacia. Considering the occurrence of isolated as endophytes or rhizosphere, the genotypic and phenotypic methods were not able to distinguish the members of these communities. This research work demonstrates the broad association that this group has with sugarcane, and highlights the possible applications that these bacteria may have in cultivation and sustainability of this crop.
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Ferreira, Thiago Costa 1991. "Bacillus spp. como agentes de controle de Thielaviopsis paradoxa e Fusarium verticillioides e promotores de crescimento de cana-de-açúcar e milho /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157362.
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Orientador: Wagner BettiolBanca: Renate Kause Sakate
Banca: Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
Banca: Barbara Eckstein
Banca: Lilian Simara Abreu Soares Costa
Resumo: Microrganismos podem ser utilizados como agentes de promoção de crescimento e biocontrole de fitopatógenos habitantes do solo em diferentes culturas agrícolas. Dentre estes microrganismos, existem relatos que isolados de bactérias do gênero Bacillus podem ser promissores para as duas atividades, podendo, portanto, serem efetivos para a promoção de crescimento e o biocontrole de Thielaviopsis paradoxa e Fusarium verticillioides, importantes patógenos nas culturas da cana-de-açúcar e milho, respectivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar isolados de Bacillus com as características de promover o crescimento das plantas e controlar T. paradoxa e F. verticillioides nas culturas da cana-de-açúcar e milho, respectivamente. Assim, foram realizados estudos in vitro com 162 isolados de Bacillus sp. quanto à assimilação de nitrogênio, solubilização de fosfato e produção de ácido indolacético, ácido cianídrico e sideróforos e também quanto à inibição do crescimento micelial e germinação de esporos de T. paradoxa e no controle da podridão abacaxi e na promoção de crescimento em cana-de-açúcar. Também foram estudados os efeitos de 12 isolados de Bacillus, selecionados de acordo com os melhores resultados da fase descrita anteriormente, bem como resultados obtidos em teste no laboratório e consulta a literatura especializada, para a promoção de crescimento e o biocontrole de F. verticiollioides em milho comum e pipoca, in vitro e in vivo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foram ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Microorganisms can be used as plant growth promoter and biocontrol agents of soilborn plant pathogens, in several crops. Among these microorganisms, there are reports that isolates from the Bacillus genus can be promising for both these activities and may therefore be effective for the growth promotion and control of Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Fusarium verticillioides, important pathogens in sugarcane and corn crops, respectively. In this study it was selected Bacillus isolates for improving plant growth and controlling T. paradoxa and F. verticillioides. In vitro studies were carried out with 162 Bacillus isolates regarding to the assimilation of nitrogen, phosphate solubilization and production of indolacetic acid, hydrocyanic acid and siderophores, as well as the inhibition of mycelial growth and spores germination of T. paradoxa, control of pineapple rot and growth promotion in sugarcane. Also, the effects of 12 Bacillus isolates, selected according to the previously described phase and literature information, were studied for growth promotion and for the control of F. verticiollioides in corn and popcorn, in vitro and in vivo. According to the results, two isolates, B. velezensis AP-03 and Bacillus sp. AP-210, as growth promoter and biocontrol agents of T. paradoxa and F. verticillioides for sugarcane and corn crops, respectively. Bacillus spp. isolates can be used as plant growth promotion and biocontrol agent in sugarcane and corn in the presence of these soilborn plant ...
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Fernandes, Simone de Jesus. "Diversidade de espécies de Anaplasma spp. em bovinos em Maputo, Moçambique /." Jaboticabal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154771.
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Orientador: Marcos Rogério AndréBanca: Ana Patrícia Yatsuda Natsui
Banca: Rosangela Zacarias Machado
Resumo: Embora espécies de Anaplasma spp. sejam agentes Rickettsiales altamente difundidos em ruminantes domésticos e selvagens, com ampla distribuição mundial, poucos estudos foram realizados até momento com o intuito de detectar e/ou investigar a diversidade de Anaplasma spp. circulantes em bovinos em Moçambique. No presente estudo, ensaios sorológicos e moleculares foram utilizados para investigar a ocorrência de Anaplasma spp. em 219 bovinos amostrados nos distritos de Boane, Magude, Matutuíne, Moamba e Namaacha em Maputo, Moçambique. No teste iELISA para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti- A. marginale, 86,3% (189/219) das amostras mostraram-se soropositivas. Em ensaios de qPCR para os genes msp1β de A. marginale e msp2 para A. phagocytophilum, 97,3% (213/219) e 2,74% (6/219) dos animais mostraram-se positivos, respectivamente. A combinação de dois protocolos diferentes de cPCR baseados no gene 16S rRNA evidenciou 100% de amostras positivas para Anaplasma spp. Sequências de 16S rRNA filogeneticamente relacionadas a A. platys, A phagocytophilum, 'Candidatus Anaplasma boleense', A. centrale, A. marginale e A. ovis foram detectadas neste estudo. Inferências filogenéticas baseadas nos genes msp4 e msp5 posicionaram as sequências obtidas no clado de A. marginale, com a evidência de circulação de 1 e 2 haplótipos diferentes para cada gene, respectivamente. Anaplasma sp. filogeneticamente associado a A. platys foi evidenciado nas análises filogenéticas baseadas nos genes 16S rRNA e groEL.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Although species of Anaplasma spp. are widespread Rickettsiales agents in domestic and wild ruminants, showing a worldwide distribution, few studies have been conducted in order to detect and/or investigate the diversity of Anaplasma spp. circulating in cattle in Mozambique. In the present study, serological and molecular tests were used to investigate the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in 219 bovine sampled in the districts of Boane, Magude, Matutuíne, Moamba and Namaacha in Maputo, Mozambique. In the iELISA test for detection of IgG antibodies to A. marginale, 86.3% (189/219) of the samples were positive. In quantitative Real-time PCR tests targeting the msp1β genes of A. marginale and msp2 for A. phagocytophilum, 97.3% (213/219) and 2.74% (6/219) of the animals were positive, respectively. The combination of two different protocols of conventional PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene evidenced 100% of positive samples for Anaplasma spp. Sequences of 16S rRNA phylogenetically related to A. platys, A. phagocytophilum, 'Candidatus Anaplasma boleense', A. centrale, A. marginale and A. ovis were detected in this study. Phylogenetic analysis based on msp4 and msp5 genes positioned the obtained sequences in the clade of A. marginale, with the evidence of circulation of 1 and 2 different haplotypes for each gene, respectively. Anaplasma sp. phylogenetically related to A. platys was evidenced in the phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA and groEL genes. In conclusion,a high diversit... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Senhorinho, Gerusa Neyla Andrade. "Análise microbiológica e molecular de espécies de Porphyromonas e Fusobacterium isoladas de cães com e sem periodontite e sua relação com a resposta imunológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19052010-154516/.
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A periodontite é uma resposta inflamatória desencadeada por um complexo biofilme constituído por diversos microrganisnos, particularmente por bactérias anaeróbias, tais como Porphyromonas spp. e Fusobacterium spp. Essas bactérias produzem vários fatores de virulência capazes de atuar no início e progressão da doença. Cem amostras subgengivais foram analisadas, sendo 50 de cães com periodontite e 50 de cães sadios, obtendo-se 144 isolados bacterianos identificados como pertencentes aos gêneros Porphyromonas e Fusobacterium. A produção de hemolisinas e hemaglutininas, susceptibilidade aos soros humano, canino e equino, e susceptibilidade a dez antibióticos foram avaliadas, assim como a presença dos genes prtC (colagenase), fimA (fímbrias), tetQ e tetM (resistência à tetraciclina). Igualmente, a capacidade quimiotática de neutrófilos e a produção de IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-11 e IL-17, foram avaliadas. β-hemólise foi produzida por P. gulae, P. crevioricanis, P. cangingivalis, P. gingivicanis e P. circumdentaria. Dos 144 isolados, 21 P. gulae e 2 F. nucleatum aglutinaram eritrócitos humanos. A maioria dos isolados foi resistente à ação dos soros humano, equino ou canino. Todos os 144 isolados foram sensíveis à amoxicilina, clindamicina, tetraciclina, amoxicilina/clavulanato, cefoxitina e penicilina G. Três P. gulae, 2 P.macacae e 2 P. canifelinum abrigaram o gene tetQ e apenas um F. nucleatum e um P. catoniae foram positivos para a presença do gene tetM. As espécies P. gulae, P. cangingivalis e P. circumdentaria abrigaram o gene prtC. A maioria dos isolados abrigou o gene fimA tipo I e nenhum deles abrigou o gene fimA tipo V. Somente nas P. gulae foi observada a presença de cápsula pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Todos os isolados estimularam quimiotaxia dos neutrófilos. Interleucinas IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α e IL-11 foram detectadas após estímulo com as espécies de Porphyromonas. As espécies de Fusobacterium não estimularam a produção de IL-11 e P. gulae induziu elevada concentração dessa citocina. Nenhum dos isolados estimulou a liberação de IL-17.Periodontitis is an inflammatory response caused by a complex microbial biofilm, including anaerobic bacteria such as Porphyromonas spp. and Fusobacterium spp. Those species present several virulence factors which act on early step and during the disease evolution. One hundred of subgingival samples were analyzed, obtained from 50 dogs with and 50 without periodontitis. One hundred and forty four bacterial species were isolated belonging to both Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium genus. Hemolysin and hemagglutinin production, susceptibility to human, equine and canine sera, and antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antibiotics were evaluated. In addition, the presence of gene prtC (collagenase), fimA (fimbriae), tetQ and tetM (tetracycline resistance), as well as neutrophils chemotaxis and IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-11 and IL-17 production were also determined. β-hemolysis was produced by P. gulae, P. crevioricanis, P. cangingivalis, P. gingivicanis and P. circumdentaria. Of the 144 isolates, 21 P. gulae and 2 F. nucleatum were able to agglutinate human erythrocytes. Most of the isolates were resistant to the action of human, equine or canine serum. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, clindamycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin and penicillin G. Three P. gulae, 2 P.macacae and 2 P. canifelinum harbored tetQ, and only one F. nucleatum and one P. catoniae were tetM positive. P. gulae, P. cangingivalis and P. circumdentaria harbored prtC. Most of the isolates harbored fimA I gene and none of them harbored fimA V. Only P. gulae showed capsule through transmission electron microscopy. All isolates induced neutrophils chemotaxis and IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-11 were produced when neutrophils were stimulated by Porphyromonas spp. Fusobacterium spp. did not stimulate IL-11 production and P. gulae induced high concentration of cytokine. None of the isolates stimulated IL-17.
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Cooper, Robin M. "Development of a Rep-PCR screening assay for enterotoxigenic Bacillus spp. in naturally contaminated food." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1306386.
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Several powdered food products were screened using repetitive element palindrome PCR (rep-PCR) for the presence of enterotoxin producing species of Bacillus. Samples from these products were screened by being placed into a tryptone-peptoneglucose-yeast enrichment medium (TPGY), heat-treated, and shake-incubated. DNA was extracted using a modification of established protocol, leading to the development of an optimized method for each food system. Purified DNA was amplified through rep-PCR using extragenic sequence-targeting primers and optimized for each food product. Amplified PCR products were analyzed electrophoretically and viewed using an ultraviolet photodocumentation system. Bacillus cereus positive control DNA fingerprints were compared to banding patterns from enriched food samples, revealing the presence of the typical diagnostic 1,230 bp band in non-fat dry milk (NFDM). Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) with Alu I restriction enzyme was performed on the 1230 bp diagnostic band from NFDM and displayed a profile consistent with Bacillus cereus positive control. RPLA (Reverse Passive Latex Agglutination) and BDE ELISA (Bacillus Diarrhoeal Enterotoxin Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay - Tecra Diagnostics) confirmed the presence of HBL and NHE enterotoxin production in NFDM, Coffee creamer, infant milk formula, and two lecithin samples.Department of Biology
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Talwalkar, Akshat, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Studies on the oxygen toxicity of probiotic bacteria with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Talwalkar_A.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/629.
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Oxygen toxicity is considered significant in the poor survival of probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. in yoghurts. This study investigated methods to protect these bacteria from oxygen exposure. To confirm the accuracy of the reported survival estimates of L. acidophilus or Bifidobacterium spp. in yoghurts, the reliability of several enumeration media was evaluated with different commercial yoghurts. None of the media however, was found reliable thereby casting doubts on the reported cell numbers of probiotic bacteria in yoghurts. After much research,it was found that although oxygen can be detrimental to L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp.in culture broths, it may not be significant for their poor survival in yoghurts. Nevertheless, techniques such as oxidative stress stress adaption, alternative packaging materials and microencapsulation as investigated in this study, can serve as general protective techniques to help yoghurt manufacturers in maintaining the recommended numbers of probiotic bacteria in their products. This would eventually assist in the efficient delivery of probiotic health benefits to yoghurt consumers.Doctor of Philosphy (PhD)
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Talwalkar, Akshat. "Studies on the oxygen toxicity of probiotic bacteria with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040416.103233/index.html.
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Einloft, Tiago Centeno. "Biocontrole de Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium verticillioides por Bacillus spp. isolados de plantas de milho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153322.
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Os fungos toxigênicos Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium verticillioides podem colonizar plantas de milho em todas as etapas do cultivo, através da contaminação fúngica presente no solo, levando a queda de produtividade e qualidade do grão. Em adição, estes fungos podem produzir micotoxinas que põem em grande risco a saúde de humanos e animais que consomem os grãos contaminados. O controle biológico é um método de controle fúngico alternativo ao uso de fungicidas químicos e o uso de bactérias provenientes do sistema radicular de plantas de milho é extremamente promissor em função da capacidade competitiva e de sobrevivência destes micro-organismos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar bactérias do sistema radicular de plantas de milho com potencial para o biocontrole de Aspergillus flavus e Fusarium verticillioides no agroecossistema de cultivo do milho. Foram isolados 1283 colônias bacterianas do sistema radicular de plantas de milho e destas 24 apresentaram atividade antifúngica e 3 foram selecionados para o restante do trabalho. Os três isolados selecionados foram identificados como Bacillus safensis RF69, B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 e B. subtilis RP242. Os isolados foram capazes de reduzir a taxa de crescimento micelial in vitro dos dois fungos, assim como foram capazes de reduzir a produção, germinação e sobrevivência de conídios. Foi detectada a produção de iturina A pelos isolados B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 e B. subtilis RP242, caracterizando este metabolito como um dos responsáveis pela atividade antifúngica. Os isolados B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 e B. subtilis RP242 demonstraram a manutenção da dominância frente a A. flavus e F. verticillioides in vitro em diferentes condições ambientais, caracterizando alta eficácia no controle fúngico em situações de stress hídrico e de térmico. A bacterização de sementes com os três isolados foi efetiva na proteção radicular frente aos dois fungos, assim como levou ao aumento do comprimento e peso das plântulas, da taxa de emergência de plântulas e na germinação de sementes. Os isolados foram capazes de reduzir drasticamente as contagens fúngicas em solo não-rizosférico e no grão de milho, reduzindo também a concentração de aflatoxina B1 e fumonisina B1 nos grãos. Os isolados demonstraram-se extremamente promissores para serem utilizados em um bioformulado objetivando o controle micotoxigênico em plantas de milho em diferentes etapas da produção de grãos.Toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides may colonize maize grains on the field and during storage, leading to yield and quality losses, mainly by the production of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1, carcinogenic and potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins, respectively. Biological control is a promising alternative control method and the usage of soil bacteria as biocontrol agents has great potential due to survival and competitive characteristics of those microorganisms. The objective of this study was to select bacteria from maize root system with potential to biocontrol Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides on the agroecosystem of maize. We isolated 1283 bacterial colonies from maize root system, 24 of them presented antifungal activity and three were selected for the rest of the study. Selected isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis RP69, B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 and B. subtilis RP242. The isolates were capable to reduce in vitro mycelial growth rate of both fungi and reduce conidial production, germination and survival. Iturin A production was detected by B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 and B. subtilis RP242, characterizing this metabolite as one of the responsible for the antifungal activity. Isolates B. amyloliquefaciens RP103 and B. subtilis RP242 maintained in vitro dominance towards A. flavus and F. verticillioides in different environmental conditions, characterizing high efficacy on fungal control even in water and temperature stress situations. Seed bacterization was effective on root protection towards both fungi, as well as increased seedling length and weight, emergency rate and seed germination percentage. The isolates were able to reduce fungal counts on non-rhizospheric soil and on grain, and were able to decrease aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 final concentrations on maize grain. The selected isolates shown extremely promising to be used as biocontrol agents on a bioformulated product aiming mycotoxigenic control on maize plants during different steps of grain production.
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Bogas, Andréa Cristina. "Avaliação da interação entre Methylobacterium spp. e citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-22102010-095454/.
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A interação bactéria-planta é um processo complexo que envolve diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos, podendo resultar em interações neutras, benéficas ou patogênicas. O gênero Methylobacterium tem sido descrito como endófito em diferentes plantas hospedeiras, podendo beneficiá-las por meio da promoção de crescimento vegetal e do controle de fitopatógenos. Em citros, este endófito coloniza o mesmo nicho que patógenos, e, assim, muitas espécies desse gênero são interessantes candidatas ao controle simbiótico contra Xylella fastidiosa. É conhecido que o processo de interação Methylobacterium-bactéria é coordenado por genes cuja expressão é regulada pelo sistema Quorum Sensing (QS), o qual utiliza N-acil-homoserina lactonas (AHLs) como moléculas sinalizadoras, importantes, entre outras coisas, para a formação de biofilme, encontrado em muitas plantas como estratégia de colonização bacteriana. No entanto, os mecanismos envolvidos na interação Methylobacterium-planta são ainda pouco compreendidos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho buscou estudar, de diferentes maneiras, a interação entre Methylobacterium spp. e citros, avaliando os efeitos dessas bactérias sobre o crescimento de plântulas e a variação da expressão gênica. Neste contexto, foi verificado que a especificidade da interação bactéria-planta e a escolha do método de inoculação das bactérias são importantes para a geração de resultados benéficos sobre a germinação de sementes e o desenvolvimento da planta hospedeira. Possivelmente, a produção de AIA e a fixação biológica de nitrogênio foram os mecanismos envolvidos na promoção de crescimento de citros por Methylobacterium spp. neste estudo. Com relação à origem, essas bactérias parecem ser transmitidas horizontalmente em plantas cítricas. Visando empregar Methylobacterium spp. no controle de fitopatógenos em citros, M. extorquens AR1.6/2 foi geneticamente modificada para expressar uma endoglicanase A (EglA). Por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foi verificado que a bactéria modificada colonizou a superfície e o interior de Catharanthus roseus, planta modelo para experimentos com bactérias endofíticas e X. fastidiosa. Além disso, quando inoculada junto com X. fastidiosa, essas bactérias compartilharam o xilema das plântulas, sugerindo que durante a colonização e estabelecimento no hospedeiro estas bactérias poderiam interagir. Estudando a ação de uma AHL sobre a expressão de genes envolvidos na interação entre M. mesophilicum SR1.6/6-planta, foi observado que a presença dessa molécula foi importante na ativação da expressão dos genes mxaF, relacionado ao estabelecimento e metabolismo metilotrófico da bactéria; pat, relacionado a vantagens adaptativas e competitivas durante a colonização da planta; e acdS, envolvido com o metabolismo bacteriano e modulação de níveis hormonais na planta. A expressão dos genes crtI e sss, envolvidos com respostas a estresse e transporte de compostos, respectivamente, e do gene phoU, relacionado com patogenicidade, não foram alterados na presença da AHL nas condições avaliadas Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho mostram que Methylobacterium spp. interagem com plântulas de Citrus spp., demonstrando especificidade entre a espécie de planta e da bactéria endofítica. Foi observado também que esta interação ocorre não somente com a planta, mas possivelmente com outras bactérias que habitam o xilema de citros. Além disso, esta interação Methylobacterium-citros-bactérias do xilema pode ser regulada por AHLs.The bacterium-plant interaction is a complex process that involves several biotic and abiotic factors that may result in neutral, beneficial or harmful interactions. The Methylobacterium genus has been described as endophytic bacterium in different host plants. It could benefit the plants by growth promotion and control of phytopathogens. In citrus, this endophyte colonizes the same pathogen-niche, and therefore many species of this genus are interesting candidates to symbiotic control against X. fastidiosa. It is known that the process of Methylobacterium-bacteria interaction is coordinated by genes whose expression is regulated by the Quorum Sensing (QS), which uses N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signaling molecules. Its importance is associated with the biofilm formation, found in many plants as a strategy for bacterial colonization. However, the mechanisms in Methylobacterium-plant interactions are still poorly understood. Thus, this work studied in different ways, the interaction between Methylobacterium spp. and citrus, evaluating the effects of these bacteria on the seedling growth and the variation of gene expression. In this context, it was found that the specificity of bacteria-plant interactions and the bacterial inoculation methods are important to generate beneficial results on seed germination and host plant development. Possibly, IAA production and nitrogen biological fixation were the major involved mechanisms in citrus growth promotion by Methylobacterium spp. These bacteria seem to be transmitted horizontally in citrus plant. Aiming to employ Methylobacterium spp. to control phytopathogens in citrus plant, M. extorquens AR1.6/2 was genetically modified to express an endoglucanase A (EglA) enzyme. Using scanning electron microscopy was observed that the modified bacteria colonized the surface and interior of the Catharanthus roseus, a model plant for experiments with endophytic bacteria and X. fastidiosa. Furthermore, when inoculated with X. fastidiosa, these bacteria shared the seedlings xylem, suggesting that during the colonization and establishment in the host, these bacteria could interact. Studying the action of a AHL on the expression of genes involved in the interaction between M. mesophilicum SR1.6/6- plant it was observed that the presence of this molecule was important in the activation of genes expression mxaF (related to the establishment and methylotrophic metabolism); pat (related to adaptive and competitive advantages during the plant colonization); acdS (involved in bacterial metabolism and modulation of hormone levels in the plant). Expression of crtI and sss, involved in bacterial stress and transport of compounds, respectively, and phoU, related with pathogenicity were not altered in the presence of AHL in the evaluated conditions. The results of this study demonstrated that Methylobacterium spp. interact with seedlings of Citrus spp., showing specificity between plant species and endophytic bacteria. Also, it was observed that this interaction occurs not only with the plant molecular modification levels, but possibly with other bacteria that inhabit the xylem of citrus. Also, this interaction Methylobacteriumcitrus- xylem bacteria may be regulated by AHLs.
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Jacobs, Anelet. "Investigation and comparison of adherence- and biofilm-forming capacities of yellow-pigmented Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia and Myroides spp. isolated from South African aquaculture systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19634.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the aquaculture setting, opportunistic pathogens are present as part of the normal aquatic microflora, colonizing surfaces in fish tanks as part of biofilm communities, and often causing severe economic losses to the aquacultural industry. Isolates belonging to the genera Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, Myroides and Empedobacter have been isolated from diseased fish, and are responsible for causing secondary fish infections, fish- and food-product spoilage, and have been described as etiological agents of various human diseases. Thirty-four Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. and five Myroides and Empedobacter spp. isolates, obtained from various diseased fish species and biofilm growth in South African aquaculture systems, were characterised genetically using 16S rRNA gene PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR, whole cell protein (WCP) and outer membrane protein (OMP) analyses. Genetic heterogeneity was displayed by the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. study isolates following OMP analysis, although 16S rRNA gene RFLP, RAPD-PCR and WCP analysis did not allow for differentiation of these isolates. A high degree of genetic heterogeneity was displayed by the Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. study isolates following OMP analysis, 16S rRNA gene RFLP with MspI, and RAPD-PCR with primer P2. However, based on the results obtained by WCP analysis, 16S rRNA gene RFLP with CfoI and TaqI, and RAPD-PCR with primer P1 the isolates appeared genetically very homogeneous. High MAR indices and potential multi-drug resistance phenotypes were obtained for the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. and some of the Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolates by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Primary adherence and the influence of environmental changes on adherence was investigated by a modified microtitre-plate adherence assay. Nutrient composition, temperature and hydrodynamic incubation conditions were observed to influence adherence abilities of all study isolates. In addition, adherence varied greatly among isolates of the genera Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia, as opposed to a consistent strong adherence profile observed for the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. isolates. The influence of cell surface properties such as capsule presence and cell surface hydrophobicity, on primary adherence of the isolates was also investigated. Quantitative analysis of capsular material revealed the presence of thick capsular material surrounding the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. and some of the Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolates, but could not be directly associated with adherence. Hydrophobicity were investigated using the salt aggregation assay (SAT) and bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon test (BATH). A very hydrophilic cell surface was observed for all of the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. isolates, and majority (74%) of the Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolates. Cell surface hydrophobicity could not be correlated to the adherence of the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. isolates, and only SAT-determined hydrophobicity could be positively correlated to adherence of Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolates under certain conditions. Coaggregation studies were performed between the study isolates and various important clinical and aquacultural microorganisms. High coaggregation indices were observed between the Myroides and Empedobacter spp. isolates and E. faecalis and S. aureus, and between E. faecalis, S. enterica serovar Arizonae, S. aureus and Listeria spp. and the Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolates. Biofilm-forming capacity of the study isolates in an environment simulating their natural environment was investigated microscopically using a flow cell system. Typical ‘cone-like’ biofilm structures were observed for selected strains of both Myroides and Empedobacter spp. and Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolates. The effect of increased hydrodynamics on biofilm architecture was seen through the narrowing of the biofilm structures and the formation of single cell chains towards the increased hydrodynamic area of the flow chambers. Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. and Myroides and Empedobacter spp. appear to be potential primary biofilm-formers associating with a variety of microbes thus perpetuating their survival in a variety of aquatic habitats.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Opportunistiese patogene kom gereeld in akwakultuur sisteme voor as deel van die akwatiese mikroflora wat dikwels biofilms vorm op oppervlaktes in hierdie sisteme. Visinfeksies veroorsaak deur hierdie patogene lei tot ernstige ekonomiese verliese vir akwakultuur industrieë. Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, Myroides en Empedobacter spp. is reeds voorheen van verskeie geïnfekteerde visspesies geïsoleer hierdie bakterieë is verantwoordelik vir sekondere visinfeksies, die bederf van vis- en kosprodukte, asook menslike siektes. Vier-en-dertig Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. en 5 Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate, geïsoleer vanaf verskeie geïnfekteerde visspesies en biofilm-groei in Suid Afrikaanse akwakultuur-sisteme, is geneties met behulp van 16S rRNS geen PKR restriksie fragment lengte polimorfisme (RFLP), toevallig geamplifiseerde polimorfiese DNS (TGPD) PKR, heel-sel protein (HSP) en buitemembraan protein (BMP) analise gekarakteriseer. BMP analise het getoon dat die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate geneties heterogeen is, alhoewel 16S rRNS TGPD-PKR, TGPD-PKR en HSP analise nie tussen die isolate kon onderskei nie. BMP analise, 16S rRNS TGPD-PKR met MspI en TGPD-PKR met inleier P2 was meer suksesvol as HSP analise, 16S rRNS TGPD-PKR met CfoI en MspI, en TGPD-PKR met inleier P1, om onderskeid te tref tussen die Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate en het gedui op ‘n hoë vlak van genetiese heterogeniteit tussen hierdie isolate. Beide die Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. en Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate het ‘n hoë vlak van antibiotika weerstand getoon wat dui op ‘n menigvuldigde antibiotika weerstands-fenotiepe. Primêre vashegting vermoëns en die invloed van omgewingsfaktore op vashegting is met behulp van ‘n gemodifiseerde mikrotiterplaat vashegtings toets ondersoek. Vashegting van die isolate is beïnvloed deur variasies in die samestelling van die medium, temperatuurveranderings en verskillende hidrodinamiese inkubasie kondisies. Inteenstelling met die sterk vashegtingsvermoë van die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate, het die vermoë om vas te heg grootliks tussen die Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate gevarieer. Verder is ondersoek ingestel op die invloed van seloppervlak eienskappe soos die teenwoordigheid van kapsules en hidrofobisiteit op die isolate se vermoë om aan oppervlaktes te heg. Die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate en verskeie Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate is omring deur dik kapsules, maar geen verband tussen vashegting en die teenwoordigheid van kapsules kon bepaal word nie. Die sout aggregasie toets (SAT) en bakteriële vashegting aan koolwaterstowwe (BVAK) toets was gebruik om die hidrofobisiteit van die isolate se seloppervlaktes te bepaal. Die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate en 74% van die Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate het ‘n baie hidrofiliese seloppervlak getoon. Slegs die hidrofobisiteit bepaal deur die SAT toets het ‘n positiewe verwantskap met die aanhegtingsvermoë van die Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate getoon. Mede-aggregasie tussen die isolate en verskeie belangrike mediese en akwakultuur mikroörganismes is ook ondersoek. Die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. isolate het ‘n sterk assosiasie met E. faecalis en S. aureus getoon Die Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate het sterk met E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. enterica serovar Arizonae en Listeria spp. geassosieer. Vloei-sel studies is uitgevoer om die biofilm-vormingsvermoë van die isolate te ondersoek. Vir beide die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. en Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate is tipiese kegelagtige biofilm stukture waargeneem. Die invloed van verhoogde hidrodinamiese kondisies in die vloei-sel het vernouing van die biofilm strukture en die vorming van enkel-sel kettings tot gevolg gehad. Vanuit hierdie studie is afgelei dat die Myroides en Empedobacter spp. en Chryseobacterium en Elizabethkingia spp. isolate onder verskeie kondisies aan oppervlaktes kan vasheg en dus potensiële primêre biofilm-vormings organismses is. Hierdie organismes besit ook die vermoë om met ‘n verskeidenheid ander organismes te assosieer, wat waarskynlik hulle suksesvolle oorlewing in akwakultuursisteme verseker.
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Gonzaga, Giordano Bruno Medeiros. "Avaliação do crescimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB867515, sob o efeito de bactérias endofíticas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/269.
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This present research aimed to evaluate the effects of different endophytic bacteria species regarding the tolerance of sugarcane water stress in the initial growth phase. With that purpose, an experiment was installed, in the greenhouse at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of Universidade Federal de Alagoas, located in the city of Rio Largo, in the state of Alagoas (9° 28 S, 35° 49 W, altitude 127 m), completely ramdomized on a factorial arrengement 4x2 (endophytic bacteria and levels of water stress in this order), with 8 replications. The levels of the first factor were composed of: non-inoculated plants; inoculated plants with complete inoculant (mix of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Burkholderia tropica, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans e Azospirillum amazonense); inoculated plants with G. diazotrophicus; inoculated plants with B. tropica. The levels of the second factor were: plants kept on the soil with moisture next to field capacity (without stress); plants under water deficit due to irrigation suspension. The morphological and physiological variables analyzed were plant height, stalk diameter, number of green leaves, leaf area, dry mass analyze, leaf water potential (ψwf), potential and effective quantic efficiency and chlorophyll content. The bacteria application didn t interfer in stalk diameter, plants height and estimated leaf area. When the plants average growth was evaluated, it was verified that plants treated without bacteria (control) and with inoculum B. tropica presented showed greater aerial part mass, whereas the bacteria application G. diazotrophicus and the control treatment presented greater root mass. The water stress has significantly affected the potential quantic efficiency (Fv/Fm) on the irrigated plants (control) which the Fv/Fm values were above 0,79 statistically differing of water stress (draught) and rehydratation, wherein the values were below 0,79. Apparently, the damages presented on the photosystem II at midday were recovered during nighttime, showing higher Fv/Fm values at predawn. The presence of bacteria hasn t significantly affected the biometric characteristics of sugarcane plants grown in vases at 114 days after planting (DAP). The leaf area ratio (LAR) utilized the measured leaf area, being greater on control and complete inoculant treatments. On these, the plant developed more leaves and was less efficient on carbon fixation, which refleced on dry mass increase.A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes espécies de bactérias endofíticas sobre a tolerância ao déficit hídrico de cana-de-açúcar em sua fase inicial de crescimento. Para tanto, instalou-se um experimento, em casa de vegetação no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, localizado no município de Rio Largo - AL (9° 28 S, 35° 49 W, a 127 m de altitude), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial, 4 x 2 (tipos de bactérias endofíticas e níveis de déficit hídrico respectivamente), com oito repetições. Os níveis do primeiro fator foram compostos por: plantas não inoculadas; plantas inoculadas com inoculante completo (mistura das Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Burkholderia tropica, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans e Azospirillum amazonense); plantas inoculadas com a G. diazotrophicus; plantas inoculadas com a B. tropica. Os níveis do segundo fator foram: plantas mantidas em solo com umidade a próxima da capacidade de campo (sem estresse); plantas submetidas ao déficit hídrico pela suspensão da rega. As variáveis morfológicas e fisiológicas analisadas foram: altura, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas verdes, área foliar, análise da massa seca, potencial hídrico foliar (ψwf), eficiência quântica potencial e efetiva e estimativa do teor de clorofila. A aplicação de bactéria não afetou o diâmetro do colmo, altura de plantas e área foliar estimada. Quando avaliado o crescimento médio das plantas, verificou-se que plantas tratadas sem bactérias (controle) e com o inoculado B. tropica apresentavam maior massa de parte aérea, enquanto que a aplicação da bactéria G. diazotrophicus e o tratamento controle apresentaram maior massa de raiz. O estresse hídrico afetou significativamente a eficiência quântica potencial (Fv/Fm), nas plantas irrigadas (controle) os valores Fv/Fm estavam acima de 0,79 diferindo estatisticamente do estresse hídrico (seca) e reidratação, em que os valores estavam abaixo de 0,79. Aparentemente os danos apresentados no fotossistema II ao meio-dia foram recuperados durante o período noturno, mostrando valores de Fv/Fm mais elevados na antemanhã. A presença de bactérias não efetou significativamente as características biométricas das plantas de cana-de-açúcar crescidas em vasos aos 114 DAP. A Razão da Área Foliar (RAF) utilizou a AF mensurada, sendo maior nos tratamentos controle e inoculante completo. Nestes, a planta desenvolveu mais folhas e foi menos eficiente na fixação de carbono, refletido no aumento de massa seca.
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Rubio-Portillo, Esther. "Impact of environmental changes on Oculina patagonica coral holobiont." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/46895.
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Kassem, Issmat I. "Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcal Pathogens in the Environment: A Community Approach." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1241717899.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy in Biology (Ecology-Track)." Bibliography: leaves 108-126.
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Prodócimo-Moscardi, Salésia Maria. "Presença e tipificação de Salmonella spp. no conteúdo ruminal de bovinos pós-abate /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115913.
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Orientador: José Paes de Almeida nogueira PintoBanca: Luiz Carlos de Souza
Banca: Andréa Pereira Pinto
Banca: Rogério Salvador
Banca: Thais Heleno Constantino Patelli
Resumo: O Brasil lidera o ranking de maior exportador de carne bovina no mundo desde 2008. Garantir a segurança microbiológica desses alimentos tem sido um dos principais focos da indústria processadora de carnes. A aplicação de análises nas diversas etapas do processo industrial tem sido vital para implantar e manter programas de autocontrole como o APPCC. Entre as enfermidades mais frequentes causadas pela ingestão de alimentos contaminados, especialmente os de origem animal, destacam-se as salmoneloses, sendo que sua transmissão se dá primariamente pela via fecal oral. Diante disso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a presença de Salmonella spp. em amostras de conteúdo ruminal coletadas durante o abate de bovinos em uma planta frigorífica localizada na região metropolitana de Curitiba - PR. Duzentos e dois animais distribuídos em oito lotes foram avaliados entre os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Ao final do experimento, 37,5% dos lotes mostraram-se positivos para o agente sendo que 2,97% (6/202) das amostras de conteúdo ruminal isolaram o micro-organismo. A totalidade dos animais positivos recebia como alimento apenas pasto de azevém e aveia. Não foi observada a influência de fatores como o estresse do transporte ou temperatura ambiental sobre o isolamento do patógeno. Entretanto a detecção do mesmo sorovar, Salmonella Schwarzengrund na totalidade dos isolamentos nos permite levantar a hipótese de que a contaminação dos animais tenha se dado na própria indústria, a partir das estruturas físicas, responsáveis por conter os bovinos ou conduzi-los ao box de insensibilização
Abstract: Brazil leads the world ranking of bovine meat exportation since 2008. To ensure the microbiological safety of these food products has been one of the primary focuses of the meat processing industry. The application of analyses on diverse stages of the industrial process has been vital for deploy and keeping of self-control programs like APPCC. Beyond the most frequent diseases caused by the ingestion of contaminated food, specially animal origin ones, the salmonellosis stand out being transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route. In light of this, the work had the objective to research the presence of Salmonella spp. in rumen fluid samples collected during cattle slaughter at a slaughtering plant localized in Curitiba's metropolitan area. Two hundred animals distributed over eight lots was evaluated between august and december, 2013. At the end of the experiment, 37.5% of the lots were positive for the agent of which 2.97% (6/202) of samples of rumen contents isolated the micro-organism.The total of the positive animals had been feed with ryegrass pastures and oat. Not the influence of factors like transportation stress or environment temperature over pathogen isolation was observed. However, the detection of the same serovar, Salmonella Schwarzengrund on overall insulation allow us to raise the hypothesis that all animal contamination have been given inside the industry itself, from the infrastructure responsible of holding the cattle or conducting it to the stunning box
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Santos, Viviane Colombari Pedrazzini dos. "Atividade antibacteriana de Burkholderia spp. endofíticas e da rizosfera de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-10082010-150035/.
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A cultura de cana-de-açúcar ocupa posição de destaque nos cenários nacional e internacional devido principalmente a produção de etanol como fonte de energia renovável e menos nociva ao ambiente. Entretanto um dos obstáculos à produtividade é a ocorrência de várias doenças dentre elas a escaldadura das folhas causada por Xanthomonas albilineans. Bactérias endofíticas e rizosféricas pertencentes ao gênero Burkholderia tem sido isoladas com alta frequência em diferentes culturas como, por exemplo, a cana-de-açúcar. Nas últimas décadas, estas bactérias têm recebido especial atenção devido ao seu potencial como promotoras de crescimento vegetal, como agentes de biorremediação, mas muito pouco é explorado quanto ao potencial biotecnológico dessas bactérias como agentes de biocontrole de doenças. Visto que essas bactérias vivem em um ambiente altamente competitivo e sujeito a flutuações ambientais, representam uma fonte altamente significativa de metabólitos secundários bioativos, como as bacteriocinas sintetizadas ribossomicamente e outros peptídeos não ribossomais. Portanto, os objetivos principais deste trabalho foram determinar a frequência de linhagens de Burkholderia spp. endofíticas e da rizosfera de cana-deaçúcar capazes de produzir bacteriocinas e outros metabólitos secundários e por meio de mutagênese aleatória por transposon, identificar genes associados a produção desses metabólitos. Os resultados de caracterização permitiram concluir que as bactérias endofíticas e rizosféricas pertencentes ao gênero Burkholderia avaliadas apresentaram grande potencial em produzir metabólitos com atividade antibacteriana in vitro; sendo capazes de controlar X. albilineans importante patógeno da cultura de cana-de-açúcar. Para uma das linhagens foi obtida uma biblioteca de mutantes, a qual foi parcialmente caracterizada quanto à alteração da atividade antibacteriana. Foram identificados doze mutantes que apresentaram perda da atividade antibacteriana. A análise das sequências flanqueadoras do transposon para os doze mutantes permitiu a identificação de genes associados a produção de bacteriocinas, a regulação da expressão gênica, a enzimas possivelmente associadas ao metabolismo secundário, ao metabolismo geral da célula e a proteínas hipotéticas. A identificação e clonagem de tais genes permitirão uma maior compreensão da produção desses compostos e futuras aplicações biotecnológicas.The sugarcane crop has an important role in international and national scenery mainly because the ethanol production as a sustainable energy source and less harmful to the environment. However one of the obstacles to the productivity is the occurrence of several diseases among them leaf scald caused by Xanthomonas albilineans. Endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria that belong to the Burkholderia genus have been isolated in high frequency in different cultures, such as sugarcane. In the last decades, these bacteria have been receiving attention due their potential as plant growth promoters, bioremediation agents. However, the biotechnological potential of these bacteria as agents of diseases biocontrol is very poorly evaluated. Since these bacteria live in a highly competitive environment and subject to environmental fluctuations, they may represent a highly significant source of bioactive secondary metabolites, as ribosomal synthesized bacteriocins and other nonribosomal peptides. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to determine the frequency of bacteriocin and secondary metabolites production by endophytic and rhizospheric isolates of Burkholderia spp. from sugarcane. Also, the genes associated to synthesis of these metabolites were identified by random mutagenesis based on Tn5 transposon. The results showed that endophytic and rhizospheric Burkholderia spp. present in vitro potential to production of metabolites with antibacterial activity; being inhibited X. albilineans, an important pathogen of sugarcane crops. For one of the Burkholderia strain it was obtained a mutant library, which was partially characterized according to antibacterial activity. Twelve mutants that showed the loss of antibacterial activity were identified and further evaluated. Also, the analysis of the transposon flanking sequences for these mutants indicated that genes associated to the bacteriocin production, regulation of gene expression, enzymes possibly associated to the secondary metabolism, general metabolism of the cell and hypothetical proteins are related to loss of inhibition ability. The identification and cloning of such genes will allow a better understanding of the production of theses compounds and further biotechnological applications.
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Mobberley, Jennifer M. "Molecular and genomic studies of temperate phages from Halomonas aquamarina and Bacillus spp. isolates from the Gulf of Mexico." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002239.
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Díaz, Camezán Yohana Lisset. "Aislamiento y caracterización de cepas nativas de Bacillus spp y Trichoderma spp de la rizosfera de cafeto con potencial antagonista frente a Fusarium oxysporum del valle de Monzón – Huánuco-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10188.
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El cafeto (Coffea arábica, L.) es uno de los principales productos de la canasta agroexportadora peruana, hecho que ha contribuido con el desarrollo económico y social del Perú. Sin embargo este se ve afectado por enfermedades fúngicas como la pudrición vascular causado por Fusarium oxysporum, reduciendo el sistema radicular en más de 90% afectando la producción y calidad. Por ello, se busca aislar cepas nativas de Bacillus y Trichoderma de rizósfera de café con capacidad antagonista frente a Fusarium oxysporum que puedan utilizarse en programa de manejo integrado de plagas del cafeto, en el distrito de Monzón, región Huánuco. Se logró aislar 30 cepas de Bacillus ssp. y 20 cepas de Trichoderma spp las mismas que fueron evaluadas por su capacidad antagonista frente al patógeno F. oxysporum, siguiendo la metodología de enfrentamiento directo dual en el medio Agar Papa Dextrosa . Se realizó pruebas bioquímicas, caracterización macroscopica y microscópica a las cepas con actividad antagonista y se identificó por claves taxonómicas. Las 9 cepas de Trichoderma (M3PI.I, B1.T, MTS.I, MT5.A, MT12.A, PLSO1, TL7.R, MT24.I, MT14.e) y 6 cepas de Bacillus (MT1.I, MT1.II, MT2.I, MT2.II, MT7, MT3P3) con actividad antagonista; siendo la cepa M3PI.I la que alcanzó 80 % de actividad de inhibición del fitopatogeno. Las cepas con mayor actividad antagonista (MT3P3, B1.T, MTS.I) fueron identificadas molecularmente como Trichoderma sp, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma sp respectivamente. Las cepas aisladas de Bacillus sp y Trichoderma sp podrían considerarse como potenciales biocontroladores de pudrición vascular en cafeto representando una nueva vía de trabajo en pro de una agricultura sostenible.Tesis
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Yamada, Jaqueline Kiyomi. "Inoculum dynamics of Ralstonia spp.: potential sources, persistence in a local population and selection of phages to reduce bacteria survival." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22454.
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Ralstonia spp. são conhecidas por causar murcha bacteriana em várias plantas de interesse econômico. O patógeno possui alta variabilidade genética, ampla variedade de hospedeiros e pode sobreviver no solo mesmo na ausência de hospedeiros. A compreensão das potenciais fontes de inóculo, que contribuem para a variabilidade genética no centro de origem do patógeno é interessante para o manejo da doença. O papel dos rios, plantas daninhas e da população nativa de Ralstonia spp. em áreas de vegetação natural no desenvolvimento de epidemias de murcha bacteriana é pouco compreendido. A variabilidade genética entre cepas de Ralstonia spp. em uma região onde a doença é endêmica pode elucidar a contribuição dos meios de dispersão e fatores associados à sobrevivência. No presente estudo, a detecção de Ralstonia spp. em rios de diferentes biomas do Brasil revelou o potencial destes recursos naturais para dispersar o patógeno. As plantas invasoras mostraram ser importantes reservatórios de ambas as espécies de Ralstonia que ocorrem no Brasil e colaboram para sua sobrevivência. Métodos de detecção não foram sensíveis para confirmar a presença de Ralstonia spp. em amostras de solo de áreas sem ocorrência de murcha bacteriana. Quando se analisaram 204 isolados de R. solanacearum e 60 isolados de R. pseudosolanacearum obtidos do município de Coimbra, Minas Gerais, constatou-se haver baixa variabilidade genotípica e clonalidade. Nenhuma estruturação foi observada para as regiões do município, mas a composição genotípica variou entre os anos amostrados. Para o controle alternativo da murcha bacteriana, cinco fagos pertencentes à família Siphoviridae, ordem Caudovirales, foram isolados em amostras de solo. A análise molecular e a gama de hospedeiros com diferentes isolados de Ralstonia spp., representando o Brasil, revelaram diferenças entre os vírus. Adicionalmente, houve diferenças quanto à gama de hospedeiros quando os cinco fagos foram expostos a 24 isolados de Ralstonia spp. Os fagos não foram capazes de prevenir a infecção e controlar o número de células de Ralstonia spp. no solo. Outros métodos de aplicação são necessários para avaliar a eficiência dos fagos no controle da murcha bacteriana.
Ralstonia spp. are known to cause bacterial wilt in several plants of economic interest. The pathogen has high genetic variability, wide host range and can survive in the soil even in the absence of hosts. Understanding potential inoculum sources that contribute to genetic variability in the center of origin is interesting to the management of the disease. The importance of rivers, weeds and native population of Ralstonia spp. in areas of natural vegetation in the development of epidemics of bacterial wilt is poorly understood. Genetic variability among strains of Ralstonia spp. in a local region where the disease is endemic can elucidate the contribution of the means of dispersal and factors of survival. In the present study, the detection of Ralstonia spp. was attempted in water of rivers of different biomes of Brazil and revealed the potential of these natural resources to disperse the pathogen. Weeds were important reservoirs of both species of Ralstonia that occur in Brazil, and collaborate to their survival. Methods of detection were not sensitive to confirm the presence of Ralstonia spp. in soil samples from areas without the occurrence of bacterial wilt. The genetic variability of 204 strains of R. solanacearum and 60 strains of R. pseudosolanacearum from the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais, was low and there was evidence of clonality in the population. The population was not genetically structured according to the geographic region in the municipality, however the genotypic composition varied in time. To assess an alternative measure to control bacterial wilt, five phages were isolated. All phages belong to the Siphoviridae family, Caudovirales order. Molecular analysis and host range with different R. solanacearum strains revealed differences among the viruses. There were differences in the host range when the five phages were exposed to 24 Ralstonia spp. strains. The phages were not able to prevent tomato infection and control the number of cells of Ralstonia spp. in the soil. Other methods of application are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the phages to control of bacterial wilt.
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Weissbach, Astrid, Urban Tillmann, and Catherine Legrand. "Allelopathic potential of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense on marine microbial communities." Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-7332.
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The impacts of two strains of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense, differing in lytic activity, on the abundance and the composition of microbial communities (<150 μm) were studied in North Sea water during spring with Phaeocystis globosa as a dominant species. Cell-free suspensions (supernatant) of exponentially growing lytic and non-lytic Alexandrium culture were added at different concentrations to natural microbial communities under nutrient rich conditions. The non-lytic strain had a positive impact on diatoms whereas the lytic strain suppressed phytoplankton growth in comparison to the control. P. globosa, present as single cells in the initial community, increased in abundance and formed colonies in all treatments. However, total abundance and number of colonies was low with lytic Alexandriumadditions, whereas shape of the colonies, but not abundance of cells, was affected by non-lytic Alexandrium additions. During the 4-day experiment, bacterial abundance was constantly higher with high lytic additions (highest concentration equivalent to 1000 cells ml−1) whereas nanoflagellate abundance in the same treatments was found to be lower at the end of the experiment. Initial bacterial community composition differed significantly among lytic Alexandrium, non-lyticAlexandrium and North Sea water. However, neither bacterial activity nor composition was significantly affected by the supernatants after 96 h. Our results indicated that Alexandrium allelochemicals do not inhibit growth and production of bacteria in seawater collected during spring in the North Sea.Allelopathy among phytoplankton - a structuring force among phytoplankton
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Pereira-Cenci, Tatiana. "Avaliação in vitro da adesão de Candida spp sobre a superficie de resinas acrilicas para base e reembasamento de protese removiveis." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288356.
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Orientadores: Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury, Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues-GarciaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A candidose é a infecção oral fúngica mais comum diagnosticada em humanos, com prevalência de até 67% em usuários de prótese. Embora tenha sido inicialmente associada apenas a Candida albicans, outras espécies podem ser responsáveis por mais de 50% dos casos de infecção. Ainda, fatores como presença de saliva e bactérias parecem desempenhar importante papel na colonização por Candida. Assim, este estudo objetivou verificar a influência destes fatores na a:fesão de duas espécies de Candida (Candida albicans e Candida glabrata) sobre a superfície de resinas acrílicas e reembasadores. Corpos de prova (2,5x1 ,2xO,2 cm) confeccionados com duas resinas acrílicas (convencional e de microondas) e dois reembasadores (temporário e permanente) tiveram sua rugosidade (Ra) e energia livre de superfície (ELS) mensuradas, sendo aleatoriamente divididos de acordo com a exposição aos fatores: presença ou ausência de saliva, presença ou ausência de bactérias e espécie de Candida. Os espécimes foram levados a uma câmara de fluxo utilizando-se uma bomba peristáltica para perfusão de cultura de bactérias seguida por uma das espécies de Candida, ou apenas a cultura de uma das espécies de Candida. A contagem das células de Candida aderidas foi realizada em microscópio óptico (400x). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para Ra e adesão, e ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis para ELS (a=0,05). O reembasador temporário apresentou a maior Ra, seguido do permanente, enquanto as resinas acrílicas exibiram as menores rugosidades (p<0,0001). Os valores de ELS foram similares para os materiais, mas diferentes do reembasador temporário (p<0,0001). A adesão de C. albicans e C. glabrata variou de 3,2 a 564,4 e 3,2 a 1400,4 cel/mm2 respectivamente, com diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05) em alguns grupos. O reembasador temporário mostrou maiores níveis de adesão. A colonização foi diminuída pela saliva, enquanto na presença de bactérias e saliva houve aumento da adesão (p<0,05). Estes resultados sugerem que a adesão inicial das duas espécies de Candida foi fortemente afetada pela rugosidade, presença de saliva e bactérias, mas não pela energia livre de superfície
Abstract: Candida-associated stomatitis is reported in up to 67% of a population wearing dentures. Recently, disease-associated Candida species have shifted from C. albicans to norralbicans species. Since factors such as presence of saliva and oral bacteria appear to play a major role in the initial phases of yeasts adhesion, this study aimed to determine whether these factors produced differences in acrylic resins and denture liners C. albicans and C. glabrata adherence. Samples (2.5x1.2xO.2 em) of two acrylic resins (heat and microwavecured) and two denture liners (soft and hard) were prepared and had their surface free energy (SFE) and surface roughness (Ra) measured and were randomly divided according to their exposure to the following factors: saliva coating or uncoating, presence or absence of bacteria and Candida species. Specimens were assayed in a flow chamber connected to a peristaltic pump for perfusion of bacteria culture plus one of the Candida species culture or only the Candida culture (control). Adhesion was determined by count on a light microscope (400 x). Statistical analyses was performed by ANOVA (Ra and Candida species adhesion) and Kruskal-Wallis (SFE) (a=.05). Soft liner presented the roughest surface, followed by the hard liner, whereas acrylic resins exhibited the smoothest surfaces (p<.0001). The SFE values of ali materiais were similar but different from the soft liner (p<.0001). C. albicans and C. glabrata adhesion on the materiais ranged fr0m 3.2 to 564.4, and 3.2 to 1400.4 cells mm-2 respectively, with statistically signific,ant differences (p<.05) in some cases. The soft liner exhibited the highest levels of adhesion. The overall colonization was significantly decreased by saliva (p<.Oq), while bacteria increased the adhesion in the presence of saliva. These results taken together suggest that initial adhesion of Candida species was strongly affected by the surface roughness, presence of saliva and bacteria, but not by surface free energy
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
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Avila, Luciana Aparecida. "Diversidade e potencial biotecnológico de Pseudomonas spp. de sedimentos de manguezais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-05072012-145246/.
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Os manguezais estão localizados na interface entre o continente e o oceano em regiões intertropicais, possuindo condições ambientais únicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade e o potencial biotecnológico da comunidade de Pseudomonas spp. em sedimentos de manguezais com diferentes estágios de preservação, no Estado de São Paulo. A diversidade de Pseudomonas spp. foi avaliada por meio da detecção do gene 16S rRNA e do gene gacA de isolados de Pseudomonas, como também por métodos independentes de cultivo. Dos 83 isolados obtidos, 55 foram positivos para o gene gacA. De acordo com as análises de DGGE e da biblioteca de clones, os diferentes manguezais apresentam comunidades de Pseudomonas bem distintas. Entre as espécies caracterizadas, P. nitroreducens e P. fluorescens foram predominantes. Pseudomonas de manguezais halotolerantes produzem AIA, ACC deaminase, NH3, solubilizam fosfato e fixam nitrogênio. Estudos demonstraram o potencial de Pseudomonas para promoção de crescimento de milho e redução dos efeitos do estresse salino sobre a planta.Mangroves are located at the interface of continent and ocean in intertropical regions, possessing unique environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and biotechnological potential of Pseudomonas spp. community in mangrove sediments under different stages of preservation in the São Paulo state. Pseudomonas spp. diversity was analyzed through the detection of 16S rRNA gene and gacA gene of Pseudomonas isolates, as well as through cultive independent methods. Of the 83 isolates, 55 were positive for gacA gene. According to DGGE and clone library analysis, the different mangroves showed very distinct Pseudomonas communities. Among the characterized species by 16S rRNA gene, P. nitroreducens and P. fluorescens were dominant. Pseudomonas mangrove halotolerant produce IAA, ACC deaminase, NH3, solubilize phosphate and fix nitrogen. Studies demonstrated the potential of Pseudomonas for maize growth promotion and reduce the effects of salt stress on the plant.
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Kumar, Pratheesh [Verfasser]. "Study on Antagonistic and Growth Promotion Potential of Certain Exo and Endophytic Bacteria of Mulberry (Morus SPP.) : Biological control / Pratheesh Kumar." München : GRIN Verlag, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118869961X/34.
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Porto, Maria Carolina Wanderley. "Produção biotecnológica de peptídeo antimicrobiano e o crescimento de Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 43200 em meio de cultivo com suplementação de polidextrose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-04082016-100121/.
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Pediocinas são moléculas catiônicas, pequenas, organizadas em porção N-terminal hidrofílica- YGNGV e porção C-terminal anfifílica variável. A termoestabilidade e ação antimicrobiana agregam características importantes a essas bacteriocinas da classe IIa. Por meio da biopreservação alimentar, a atividade anti-listeria tornou-se uma particularidade dessas biomoléculas. Dentre as bactérias ácido láticas (BALs) encontram-se diferentes cepas bioprodutoras de pediocinas com importantes propriedades biotecnológicas. O gênero de Pediococcus spp.define-se por cocos rearranjados em tétrades, catalase negativa e anaeróbios facultativos. Pediococcus pentosaceus e Pediococcus acidilactici são as principais espécies empregadas na otimização da biosíntese de pediocinas. Alguns estudos desenvolvem-se com isolados bacterianos provenientes de múltiplos nichos biológicos e promovem sistemas heterogênios para conduzir os processos fermentativos. O atual estudo reune as informações significantes a respeito de cultivo, modo de ação, variedade de micro-organismos produtores do gênero Pediococcus spp. e aplicações biotecnológicas, ênfase nas alimentares para melhor compreensão do tema proposto.Pediocins are cationic molecules, small, arranged in a hydrophilic N-terminal portion - YGNGV - and an amphiphilic C-terminal variable portion. The thermal stability and antimicrobial effect add important features to these bacteriocins of class IIa. Through food biopreservation, anti-listeria activity became a peculiarity of these biomolecules. Among the lactic-acid bacteria (LAB), are different pediocin bioproducer strains with important biotechnological properties. Pediococcus spp. are characterized by coccus shaped bacteria arranged in tetrads, Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore forming, catalase negative and facultative anaerobes. Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici are the main species used in the optimization of the pediocins biosynthesis. Some studies have been developed with bacteria isolates from multiple biological niches and promote heterogeneous systems to conduct fermentation processes. This review joins the most significant information about cultivation, mode of action, variability of bacteriocin producer microorganisms from Pediococcus spp. and the biotechnological application of these bacteriocins, with emphasis on food products.
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Šuláková, Miroslava. "Tvorba biogenních aminů v dvouplísňovém sýru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216496.
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For production of double moulded chesses are used lactic acid bacteria, which can be present in a form of non-starter lactic acid bacteria or as starter or adjunct culture. Genera Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. are prevalent microorganisms present in these cultures. Of course, these microorganisms are for us interesting because of their possibility of coagulation, proteolytic possibility, probiotic function and antibiotic resistance, but especially because of their decarboxylation abilities. Bacteria contain decarboxylation enzymes, which are able to decarboxylized free amino acid, which rising at proteolysis during process of manufacturing and cheese ripening. Biogenic amines are the result of proteolytic activity. Biogenic amines occur practically in all foodstuffs as a common product of metabolic processes. BA are mainly presented in fermented food (cheeses), where rice just microbial action. Typical representatives of biogenic amines, which occurs in double moulded cheeses (Sedlčanský Vltavín, Bresse bleu) and in blue cheeses (Bleu des Causses, Bleu d'Auvergne) are cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine a 2 fenylethylamine and in much smaller amount histamine, spermidine and spermine too. On assessment concentration of BA is used high pressure liquid chromatography with reverse phase (RP HPLC) with utilizing simple direct derivatization with dansyl chloride and detection by UV VIS detector.
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Souza, Ariane do Carmo. "Controle biológico de Alternaria alternata, agente causal da mancha marrom de alternaria, por Bacillus SPP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/10473.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causes large economic damages in tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Its control is carried out through the spraying of agrochemicals, implying up to 15 pulverizations per year, which causes an increase in the production costs of the cultures and damages to the environment. As an alternative, the use of microorganisms, in particular Bacillus spp., has been used to diseases’ control. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the viability of Bacillus spp in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The methodologies were based on the interactions between biological control agents (Bacillus spp.) and the phytopathogen A. alternata, evaluated by the paired culture technique, by the production of volatile, thermostable and cell-free metabolites by different Bacillus spp. isolates. The molecular identification of the isolates tested and the efficacy of bacterial isolates were evaluated in leaves and plants under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that most of the isolates affected the development of phytopathogen and produced some types of metabolite, being antibiosis one of the probable mechanisms of action of the bacterium. The isolates ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 and ACB-57 presented potential for disease control of A. alternata.
A mancha marrom de alternaria, causada por Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causa grandes danos econômicos em tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Seu controle é realizado através de pulverizações com agroquímicos, implicando em até 15 pulverizações por ano, o que acarreta em aumento no custo de produção da cultura e prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Como alternativa, o uso de microrganismos, em particular, as bactérias do gênero Bacillus spp., têm sido empregadas para o controle de doenças. Portanto, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar em condições in vitro e in vivo a viabilidade de 47 isolados de Bacillus spp. para o controle da doença. As metodologias foram embasadas nas interações entre agentes de controle biológico (Bacillus spp.) e o fitopatógeno A. alternata avaliadas pela técnica de cultivo pareado, pela produção de metabólitos voláteis, termoestáveis e livre de células por diferentes isolados de Bacillus spp.. Realizou-se, ainda, a identificação molecular dos isolados testados e a eficácia dos isolados da bactéria em folhas destacadas e em plantas, sob condições de casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a maioria dos isolados afetou o desenvolvimento do fitopatógeno e produziram algum tipo de metabólito, sendo, a antibiose um dos prováveis mecanismos de ação da bactéria. Os isolados ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 e ACB-57 apresentaram potencial para o biocontrole de A. alternata.
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Brooks, Blaire. "Downstream Survival of Total Bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Sinking Creek and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Implemented Constructed Wetland." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/572.
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Access to good quality, pathogen-free water is a necessity for human life. Pathogencontaminated water poses a threat to human health, and steps must be taken to minimize that risk using remediation techniques, such as constructed wetlands. Sinking Creek is a tributary of the Watauga River that was placed on the 2016 303(d) list published by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation due to the presence of Escherichia coli. Because of this impairment, a constructed wetland was placed in Sinking Creek to decrease the downstream transport of pathogens. Knowing this, three primary goals were made for this experiment. The first goal was to establish the seasonal presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and other culturable bacteria in Sinking Creek. The second goal was to determine the concentration patterns of E. coli, Salmonella, and other culturable bacteria as water in Sinking Creek flows downstream. The third goal was to use the data to analyze the effectiveness of the constructed wetland in Sinking Creek and its ability to decrease bacterial concentrations downstream. To achieve these goals, water samples were collected every Wednesday from January 29th to March 11th from four sites on Sinking Creek: two upstream from the constructed wetland and two downstream from the constructed wetland. The samples were plated on mFC, XLD, and R2A agar using the micro drop technique to establish the presence of E. coli, Salmonella, and other culturable bacteria, respectively. It was hypothesized that, because of the placement of the wetland, concentrations of E. coli, Salmonella, and other culturable bacteria would be lower at Sites 3 and 4 than at Sites 1 and 2, but this hypothesis was disproved. Data analysis and statistical tests displayed that all bacterial concentrations were higher at Sites 3 and 4 than at Sites 1 and 2. From this, it was concluded that the constructed wetland is not functioning as it was intended, and the increase in bacterial concentrations at Sites 3 and 4 suggest that there is most likely a source of fecal contamination below the wetland.