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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacterial alkyl glycerol tetraethers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhu, Chun, Travis B. Meador, Wolf Dummann, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Identification of unusual butanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in marine sediments." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28 (December 27, 2013): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6792.

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RATIONALE: Glycerol serves as the principal backbone moiety bound to various acyl/alkyl chains for membrane lipids of <em>Eukarya</em>, <em>Bacteria</em>, and <em>Archaea</em>. In this study, we report a suite of unusual tetraether lipids in which one of the two conventional glycerol backbones is substituted by butanetriol or pentanetriol. METHODS: Identification of these lipids was achieved via diagnostic fragments and their expected acetylation products using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and their diagnostic ether cleavage products using gas chromatography/mass spectromet

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Becker, Kevin W., Felix J. Elling, Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Andrea Söllinger, Tim Urich, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Unusual Butane- and Pentanetriol-Based Tetraether Lipids in Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, a Representative of the Seventh Order of Methanogens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 15 (2016): 4505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00772-16.

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ABSTRACTA new clade of archaea has recently been proposed to constitute the seventh methanogenic order, theMethanomassiliicoccales, which is related to theThermoplasmatalesand the uncultivated archaeal clades deep-sea hydrothermal ventEuryarchaeotagroup 2 and marine group IIEuryarchaeotabut only distantly related to other methanogens. In this study, we investigated the membrane lipid composition ofMethanomassiliicoccus luminyensis, the sole cultured representative of this seventh order. The lipid inventory ofM. luminyensiscomprises a unique assemblage of novel lipids as well as lipids otherwis

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Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, et al. "13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (iso-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 12 (2011): 4147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00466-11.

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ABSTRACTThe distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylumAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum of theBacteria, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This

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Lopes dos Santos, Raquel A., and Christopher H. Vane. "Tracking natural organic carbon in the River Clyde, UK, using glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 2-3 (2017): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101800035x.

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ABSTRACTSurface sediments from a 100-km stretch of the River Clyde, UK, and its estuary were analysed for glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to track the downstream changes in the source of organic matter (OM) and to evaluate the impact of urbanisation. Bacterial membrane lipids, named branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), produced in soils and rivers ranged from 1.6 to 58μgg−1 organic carbon (OC) and the isoprenoid GDGT crenarchaeol, mainly from marine archaea, ranged from 0.01 to 42μgg−1 OC. The highest brGDGT concentrations were in the upper river, in Glasgow city and in the outer estuary, s

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Hu, Jianfang, Philip A. Meyers, Gukui Chen, Ping’an Peng, and Qunhui Yang. "Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in sediments from the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, South Pacific Ocean." Organic Geochemistry 43 (February 2012): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.10.012.

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Liu, Xiao-Lei, Roger E. Summons, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Extending the known range of glycerol ether lipids in the environment: structural assignments based on tandem mass spectral fragmentation patterns." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 26 (September 4, 2012): 2295–302. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6355.

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RATIONALE: Glycerol-based alkyl ether lipids are ubiquitous components in marine sediments. In order to explore their structural diversity and biological sources, marine sediment samples from diverse environments were analyzed and the mass spectra of widely distributed, novel glycerol di- and tetraethers were examined systematically. METHODS: Lipid extracts of twelve globally distributed marine subsurface sediments were analyzed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of compounds were obtained with a quadrupole time-of-flight (qTOF)

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Schouten, Stefan, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, et al. "Archaeal and Bacterial Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraether Lipids in Hot Springs of Yellowstone National Park." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 19 (2007): 6181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00630-07.

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ABSTRACTGlycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are core membrane lipids originally thought to be produced mainly by (hyper)thermophilic archaea. Environmental screening of low-temperature environments showed, however, the abundant presence of structurally diverse GDGTs from both bacterial and archaeal sources. In this study, we examined the occurrences and distribution of GDGTs in hot spring environments in Yellowstone National Park with high temperatures (47 to 83°C) and mostly neutral to alkaline pHs. GDGTs with 0 to 4 cyclopentane moieties were dominant in all samples and are likely

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Becker, Kevin W., Julius S. Lipp, Chun Zhu, Xiao-Lei Liu, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "An improved method for the analysis of archaeal and bacterial ether core lipids." Organic Geochemistry 61 (June 5, 2013): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.05.007.

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In recent decades, microbial membrane lipids have become a focus of geoscientific research because of their proxy potential. The aim of this study was to develop new methods for ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) separation of isomers of archaeal and bacterial membrane ether lipids, in particular glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), because of their tendency to co-elute with related but incompletely characterized derivatives. Our newly developed protocol, involving analysis using two Acquity BEH HILIC amide columns in tandem, enables chromatographic separation of se

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Zink, Klaus-G., Marcus J. Vandergoes, Kai Mangelsdorf, Ann C. Dieffenbacher-Krall, and Lorenz Schwark. "Application of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) to develop modern and past temperature estimates from New Zealand lakes." Organic Geochemistry 41, no. 9 (2010): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.004.

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Blank, P. N., A. A. Barnett, T. A. Ronnebaum, et al. "Structural studies of geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase, a prenyltransferase found in thermophilic Euryarchaeota." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 76, no. 6 (2020): 542–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798320004878.

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Archaea are uniquely adapted to thrive in harsh environments, and one of these adaptations involves the archaeal membrane lipids, which are characterized by their isoprenoid alkyl chains connected via ether linkages to glycerol 1-phosphate. The membrane lipids of the thermophilic and acidophilic euryarchaeota Thermoplasma volcanium are exclusively glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers. The first committed step in the biosynthetic pathway of these archaeal lipids is the formation of the ether linkage between glycerol 1-phosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, and is catalyzed by the enzym

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Stadnitskaia, Alina, Marianne Baas, Michael K. Ivanov, Tjeerd C. E. Van Weering, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Novel archaeal macrocyclic diether core membrane lipids in a methane-derived carbonate crust from a mud volcano in the Sorokin Trough, NE Black Sea." Archaea 1, no. 3 (2003): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/329175.

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A methane-derived carbonate crust was collected from the recently discovered NIOZ mud volcano in the Sorokin Trough, NE Black Sea during the 11th Training-through-Research cruise of the R/V Professor Logachev. Among several specific bacterial and archaeal membrane lipids present in this crust, two novel macrocyclic diphytanyl glycerol diethers, containing one or two cyclopentane rings, were detected. Their structures were tentatively identified based on the interpretation of mass spectra, comparison with previously reported mass spectral data, and a hydrogenation experiment. This macrocyclic t

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Rodrigo-Gámiz, M., S. W. Rampen, H. de Haas, M. Baas, S. Schouten, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Constraints on the applicability of the organic temperature proxies U<sup>K'</sup><sub>37</sub>, TEX<sub>86</sub> and LDI in the subpolar region around Iceland." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (2015): 6573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6573-2015.

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Abstract. Subpolar regions are key areas for studying natural climate variability due to their high sensitivity to rapid environmental changes, particularly through sea surface temperature (SST) variations. Here, we have tested three independent organic temperature proxies (UK'37; TEX86; and the long-chain diol index, LDI) regarding their potential applicability for SST reconstruction in the subpolar region around Iceland. UK'37, TEX86 and TEXL86 temperature estimates from suspended particulate matter showed a substantial discrepancy with instrumental data, while long-chain alkyl diols were be

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Zhang, Zhe-Xuan, Edith Parlanti, Christelle Anquetil, et al. "Environmental controls on the distribution of brGDGTs and brGMGTs across the Seine River basin (NW France): implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff." Biogeosciences 21, no. 9 (2024): 2227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2227-2024.

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Abstract. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial lipids that have been widely used as environmental proxies in continental paleorecords. Another group of related lipids, branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs), has recently been proposed as a potential paleotemperature proxy. Nevertheless, the sources and environmental dependencies of both brGDGTs and brGMGTs along the river–sea continuum are still poorly understood, complicating their application as paleoenvironmental proxies in some aquatic settings. In this study, the sources of brGDGTs and

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14

Zhu, Chun, Marcos Y. Yoshinaga, Carl A. Peters, Xiao-Lei Liu, Marcus Elvert, and Kai-Uwe Hinrichs. "Identification and significance of unsaturated archaeal tetraether lipids in marine sediments." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28 (April 3, 2014): 1144–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6887.

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RATIONALE: Studies of archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in the environment and cultures have exclusively focused on compounds with fully saturated alkyl moieties. Here we report a number of novel unsaturated GDGTs (uns-GDGTs) whose alkyl chains contain up to six double bonds and zero to two cyclopentyl moieties. METHODS: The identification of these lipids was achieved via comparison of lipid distribution before and after hydrogenation, characteristic retention time patterns, and diagnostic ions using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), and ether

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Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, et al. "Ether- and Ester-Boundiso-Diabolic Acid and Other Lipids in Members of Acidobacteria Subdivision 4." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 17 (2014): 5207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01066-14.

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ABSTRACTRecently,iso-diabolic acid (13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid) has been identified as a major membrane-spanning lipid of subdivisions 1 and 3 of theAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum within theBacteria. This finding pointed to theAcidobacteriaas a potential source for the bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers that occur ubiquitously in peat, soil, lakes, and hot springs. Here, we examined the lipid composition of seven phylogenetically divergent strains of subdivision 4 of theAcidobacteria, a bacterial group that is commonly encountered in soil. Acid hydrolysis of total

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Zander, Paul D., Daniel Böhl, Frank Sirocko, Alexandra Auderset, Gerald H. Haug, and Alfredo Martínez-García. "Reconstruction of warm-season temperatures in central Europe during the past 60 000 years from lacustrine branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs)." Climate of the Past 20, no. 4 (2024): 841–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-841-2024.

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Abstract. Millennial-scale climate variations during the last glacial period, such as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) cycles and Heinrich events, have been extensively studied using ice core and marine proxy records. However, there is a limited understanding of the magnitude of these temperature fluctuations in continental regions, and questions remain about the seasonal signal of these climate events. This study presents a 60 000-year-long temperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) extracted from lake sediments from the Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany.

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Weber, Yuki, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, Jakob Zopfi, et al. "Redox-dependent niche differentiation provides evidence for multiple bacterial sources of glycerol tetraether lipids in lakes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 43 (2018): 10926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805186115.

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Terrestrial paleoclimate archives such as lake sediments are essential for our understanding of the continental climate system and for the modeling of future climate scenarios. However, quantitative proxies for the determination of paleotemperatures are sparse. The relative abundances of certain bacterial lipids, i.e., branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), respond to changes in environmental temperature, and thus have great potential for climate reconstruction. Their application to lake deposits, however, is hampered by the lack of fundamental knowledge on the ecology of br

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D'Anjou, R. M., J. H. Wei, I. S. Castañeda, J. Brigham-Grette, S. T. Petsch, and D. B. Finkelstein. "High-latitude environmental change during MIS 8–12: biogeochemical evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russia." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 5 (2012): 4745–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-4745-2012.

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Abstract. Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 11 has been proposed as an analog for the present interglacial; however, terrestrial records of this time period are rare. Sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30´ N, 172°5´ E) in Far East Russia contain a 3.56 Ma record of climate variability from the Arctic. Here, we present an organic geochemical reconstruction of environmental and climatic changes from MIS 8 through 12 (289 to 460 ka). Terrestrial vegetation changes, as revealed by plant leaf wax (n-alkane) indices and concentrations of arborinol (a biomarker for trees), show increased tree cover around

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Niemann, H., A. Stadnitskaia, S. B. Wirth, et al. "Bacterial GDGTs in Holocene sediments and catchment soils of a high Alpine lake: application of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer." Climate of the Past 8, no. 3 (2012): 889–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-889-2012.

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Abstract. A novel proxy for continental mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and soil pH, the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer, is based on the temperature (T) and pH-dependent distribution of specific bacterial membrane lipids (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers – GDGTs) in soil organic matter. Here, we tested the applicability of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer to sediments from Lake Cadagno, a high Alpine lake in southern Switzerland with a small catchment of 2.4 km2. We analysed the distribution of bacterial GDGTs in catchment soils and in a radiocarbon-dated sediment core from the centre o

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Niemann, H., A. Stadnitskaia, S. B. Wirth, et al. "Bacterial GDGTs in Holocene sediments and catchment soils of a high-alpine lake: application of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 5 (2011): 3449–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-3449-2011.

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Abstract. A novel proxy for continental mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and soil-pH, the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer, is based on the temperature (T) and pH-dependent distribution of specific bacterial membrane lipids (branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers – GDGTs) in soil organic matter. Here, we tested the applicability of the MBT/CBT-paleothermometer to sediments from Lake Cadagno, a small high-alpine lake in southern Switzerland with a small catchment of 2.4 km2. We analysed the distribution of bacterial GDGTs in catchment soils and in a radiocarbon-dated sediment core from the ce

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D'Anjou, R. M., J. H. Wei, I. S. Castañeda, J. Brigham-Grette, S. T. Petsch, and D. B. Finkelstein. "High-latitude environmental change during MIS 9 and 11: biogeochemical evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russia." Climate of the Past 9, no. 2 (2013): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-567-2013.

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Abstract. Marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 has been proposed as an analog for the present interglacial; however, terrestrial records of this time period are rare. Sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30' N, 172°5' E) in Far East Russia contain a 3.56 Ma record of climate variability from the Arctic. Here, we present the first terrestrial Arctic reconstruction of environmental and climatic changes from MIS 8 through 12 (289 to 464 ka) using organic geochemical proxies. Terrestrial vegetation changes, as revealed by plant leaf wax (n-alkane) indices and concentrations of arborinol (a biomarker for

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van Bree, Loes G. J., Francien Peterse, Allix J. Baxter, et al. "Seasonal variability and sources of in situ brGDGT production in a permanently stratified African crater lake." Biogeosciences 17, no. 21 (2020): 5443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5443-2020.

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Abstract. Lake sediments are important archives of continental climate history, and their lipid biomarker content can be exploited to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane lipids widely used in paleoclimate studies to reconstruct past temperature. However, major gaps still exist in our understanding of the environmental controls on in situ (i.e. aquatic) production in lake systems. In Lake Chala, a permanently stratified tropical crater lake in East Africa, we determined the concentrations and fractional abund

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Jabeen, Asma, Rida Batool, and Nazia Jamil. "Micrococcus yunnanensis and Psychrobacter sp. as Potential Producers of Polymers from Hot Spring." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.01.1.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biopolymers bacteria under nutrient-limiting conditions. In this study, bacterial strains were isolated from hot springs. Soil samples were collected from Tatta Pani, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Bacterial strains AJ2 and AJ3 were selected due to their ability to produce PHAs and EPSs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain AJ2 was Micrococcus yunnanensis and AJ3 was Psychrobacter sp. Three carbon sources (glucose, glycerol, and molasses) were used for polymer production. The effect of high pH (8) and high temperature (55 °C) was chec

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Lengger, S. K., Y. A. Lipsewers, H. de Haas, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten. "Lack of <sup>13</sup>C-label incorporation suggests low turnover rates of thaumarchaeal intact polar tetraether lipids in sediments from the Iceland shelf." Biogeosciences 11, no. 2 (2014): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-201-2014.

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Abstract. Thaumarchaeota are amongst the most abundant microorganisms in aquatic environments, however, their metabolism in marine sediments is still debated. Labeling studies in marine sediments have previously been undertaken, but focused on complex organic carbon substrates which Thaumarchaeota have not yet been shown to take up. In this study, we investigated the activity of Thaumarchaeota in sediments by supplying different 13C-labeled substrates which have previously been shown to be incorporated into archaeal cells in water incubations and/or enrichment cultures. We determined the incor

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Lengger, S. K., Y. A. Lipsewers, H. de Haas, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, and S. Schouten. "Lack of <sup>13</sup>C-label incorporation suggests low turnover rates of thaumarchaeal intact polar tetraether lipids in sediments from the Iceland Shelf." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 12807–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-12807-2013.

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Abstract. Thaumarchaeota are amongst the most abundant microorganisms in aquatic environments, however, their metabolism in marine sediments is still debated. Labeling studies in marine sediments have previously been undertaken, but focused on complex organic carbon substrates which Thaumarchaeota have not yet been shown to take up. In this study, we investigated the activity of Thaumarchaeota in sediments by supplying different 13C-labeled substrates which have previously been shown to be incorporated into archaeal cells in water incubations and/or enrichment cultures. We determined the incor

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Vinçon-Laugier, Arnauld, Cristiana Cravo-Laureau, and Vincent Grossi. "Selective preservation among bacterial alkyl glycerol ether lipid structures during long term oxic and anoxic incubation." Organic Geochemistry 125 (November 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.08.009.

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Hepp, Johannes, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Verena Lanny, et al. "Evaluation of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and <sup>2</sup>H–<sup>18</sup>O biomarker proxies along a central European topsoil transect." Biogeosciences 17, no. 3 (2020): 741–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020.

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Abstract. Molecular fossils, like bacterial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), and the stable isotopic composition of biomarkers, such as δ2H of leaf wax-derived n-alkanes (δ2Hn-alkane) or δ18O of hemicellulose-derived sugars (δ18Osugar), are increasingly used for the reconstruction of past climate and environmental conditions. Plant-derived δ2Hn-alkane and δ18Osugar values record the isotopic composition of plant source water (δ2Hsource-water and δ18Osource-water), which usually reflects mean annual precipitation (δ2Hprecipiation and δ18Oprecipiation), modulated by evap

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Jahnke, Linda L., Wolfgang Eder, Robert Huber, et al. "Signature Lipids and Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses of Octopus Spring Hyperthermophilic Communities Compared with Those ofAquificales Representatives." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (2001): 5179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5179-5189.2001.

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ABSTRACT The molecular and isotopic compositions of lipid biomarkers of cultured Aquificales genera have been used to study the community and trophic structure of the hyperthermophilic pink streamers and vent biofilm from Octopus Spring. Thermocrinis ruber, Thermocrinis sp. strain HI 11/12,Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6,Aquifex pyrophilus, and Aquifex aeolicusall contained glycerol-ether phospholipids as well as acyl glycerides. The n-C20:1 andcy-C21 fatty acids dominated all of theAquificales, while the alkyl glycerol ethers were mainly C18:0. These Aquificales biomarkers were major consti

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Fletcher, Tamara L., Lisa Warden, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, et al. "Evidence for fire in the Pliocene Arctic in response to amplified temperature." Climate of the Past 15, no. 3 (2019): 1063–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1063-2019.

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Abstract. The mid-Pliocene is a valuable time interval for investigating equilibrium climate at current atmospheric CO2 concentrations because atmospheric CO2 concentrations are thought to have been comparable to the current day and yet the climate and distribution of ecosystems were quite different. One intriguing, but not fully understood, feature of the early to mid-Pliocene climate is the amplified Arctic temperature response and its impact on Arctic ecosystems. Only the most recent models appear to correctly estimate the degree of warming in the Pliocene Arctic and validation of the curre

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Schubotz, Florence, Sitan Xie, Julius S. Lipp, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, and Stuart G. Wakeham. "Intact polar lipids in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific: abundance and structural variety of non-phosphorus lipids." Biogeosciences 15, no. 21 (2018): 6481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6481-2018.

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Abstract. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) are the main building blocks of cellular membranes and contain chemotaxonomic, ecophysiological and metabolic information, making them valuable biomarkers in microbial ecology and biogeochemistry. This study investigates IPLs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP), one of the most extensive open-ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world, with strong gradients of nutrients, temperature and redox conditions. A wide structural variety in polar lipid head-group composition and core struc

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Grossi, Vincent, Damien Mollex, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Florence Hakil, Muriel Pacton, and Cristiana Cravo-Laureau. "Mono- and Dialkyl Glycerol Ether Lipids in Anaerobic Bacteria: Biosynthetic Insights from the Mesophilic Sulfate Reducer Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans PF2803T." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (2015): 3157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03794-14.

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ABSTRACTBacterial glycerol ether lipids (alkylglycerols) have received increasing attention during the last decades, notably due to their potential role in cell resistance or adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Major uncertainties remain, however, regarding the origin, biosynthesis, and modes of formation of these uncommon bacterial lipids. We report here the preponderance of monoalkyl- and dialkylglycerols (1-O-alkyl-, 2-O-alkyl-, and 1,2-O-dialkylglycerols) among the hydrolyzed lipids of the marine mesophilic sulfate-reducing proteobacteriumDesulfatibacillum alkenivoransPF2803Tgr

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Ahrendt, Tilman, Hendrik Wolff, and Helge B. Bode. "Neutral and Phospholipids of the Myxococcus xanthus Lipodome during Fruiting Body Formation and Germination." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 19 (2015): 6538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01537-15.

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ABSTRACTMyxobacteria are well-known for their complex life cycle, including the formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies. The model organismMyxococcus xanthusexhibits a highly complex composition of neutral and phospholipids, including triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), cardiolipins (CLs), and sphingolipids, including ceramides (Cers) and ceramide phosphoinositols (Cer-PIs). In addition, ether lipids have been shown to be involved in development and signaling. In this work, we describe the lipid profile ofM. xanthusdu

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Hernandez, Jayoh, Catherine Drennan, Naike Ye, Irene del Rey Navalón, and Montserrat Elías Arnanz. "STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIIRON-DEPENDENT PLASMANYLETHANOLAMINE DESATURASE (CarF)FROM Myxococcus xanthus." Structural Dynamics 12, no. 2_Supplement (2025): A336. https://doi.org/10.1063/4.0000642.

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The plasmanylethanolamine desaturase enzyme (EC 1.14.99.19) is an integral membrane protein responsible for the catalytic conversion of alkyl ether phosphatidylethanolamines (AEPEs) to vinyl ether phosphatidylethanolamine (VEPEs)1-3. VEPEs, collectively known as plasmalogens, are glycerophospholipids characterized by a vinyl ether bond at the glycerol sn-1 position1,3. Localized in mammalian brain, heart, and white blood cells, as well as in most mammalian subcellular membranes, these plasmalogens are critical signaling factors against reactive oxygen species (ROS)1,2,4-11. The vinyl ether fun

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Zhang, Zhe‐Xuan, Jiwei Li, Hongxuan Lu, et al. "Bacterial glycerol tetraethers as a potential tool to trace marine methane cycling." Limnology and Oceanography, November 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lno.12462.

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AbstractBranched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial lipids that can be preserved in sedimentary archives for tens of millions of years and are ubiquitous in diverse environments, including cold seep systems. Their potential implications for detecting methane activity in deep time are, however, hampered by the multiple sources of brGDGTs in cold seeps and the lack of evidence of their stable carbon isotopes. Here, we show that brGDGTs in cold seeps are characterized by depleted stable carbon isotopic compositions of the alkyl moieties (δ13C = −32.9‰ to −82.7‰), indica

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Boukhchtaber, Dina Castillo, F. A. Bastiaan von Meijenfeldt, Diana X. Sahonero Canavesi, et al. "Discovering Hidden Archaeal and Bacterial Lipid Producers in a Euxinic Marine System." Environmental Microbiology 27, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70054.

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ABSTRACTBacterial membrane lipids are typically characterised by fatty acid bilayers linked through ester bonds, whereas those of Archaea are characterised by ether‐linked isoprenoids forming bilayers or monolayers of membrane‐spanning lipids known as isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs). However, this understanding has been reconsidered with the identification of branched GDGTs (brGDGTs), which are membrane‐spanning ether‐bound branched alkyl fatty acids of bacterial origin, though their producers are often unidentified. The limited availability of microbial cultures

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Hopmans, Ellen C., Vincent Grossi, Diana X. Sahonero-Canavesi, Nicole J. Bale, Cristiana Cravo-Laureau, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Mono- to tetra-alkyl ether cardiolipins in a mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium identified by UHPLC-HRMSn: a novel class of membrane lipids." Frontiers in Microbiology 15 (May 22, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404328.

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The composition of membrane lipids varies in a number of ways as adjustment to growth conditions. Variations in head group composition and carbon skeleton and degree of unsaturation of glycerol-bound acyl or alkyl chains results in a high structural complexity of the lipidome of bacterial cells. We studied the lipidome of the mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans strain PF2803T by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMSn). This anaerobic bacterium has been previously shown to produce high amoun

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Zeng, Zhirui, Huahui Chen, Huan Yang, et al. "Identification of a protein responsible for the synthesis of archaeal membrane-spanning GDGT lipids." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29264-x.

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AbstractGlycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are archaeal monolayer membrane lipids that can provide a competitive advantage in extreme environments. Here, we identify a radical SAM protein, tetraether synthase (Tes), that participates in the synthesis of GDGTs. Attempts to generate a tes-deleted mutant in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius were unsuccessful, suggesting that the gene is essential in this organism. Heterologous expression of tes homologues leads to production of GDGT and structurally related lipids in the methanogen Methanococcus maripaludis (which otherwise does not synth

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Xiao, Wenjie, Yunping Xu, Donald E. Canfield, Frank Wenzhöfer, Chuanlun Zhang, and Ronnie N. Glud. "Strong linkage between benthic oxygen uptake and bacterial tetraether lipids in deep-sea trench regions." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47660-3.

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AbstractOxygen in marine sediments regulates many key biogeochemical processes, playing a crucial role in shaping Earth’s climate and benthic ecosystems. In this context, branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), essential biomarkers in paleoenvironmental research, exhibit an as-yet-unresolved association with sediment oxygen conditions. Here, we investigated brGDGTs in sediments from three deep-sea regions (4045 to 10,100 m water depth) dominated by three respective trench systems and integrated the results with in situ oxygen microprofile data. Our results demonstrate robust

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Liang, Jie, Manuel Chevalier, Keshao Liu, et al. "Discrepancies in lacustrine bacterial lipid temperature reconstructions explained by microbial ecology." Communications Earth & Environment 5, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01925-3.

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AbstractBacterial lipid branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are a valuable tool for reconstructing past temperatures. However, a gap remains regarding the influence of bacterial communities on brGDGT profiles. Here, we identified two distinct patterns of brGDGTs from the surface sediments of 38 Tibetan Plateau lakes using an unsupervised clustering technique. Further investigation revealed that salinity and pH significantly change bacterial community composition, affecting brGDGT profiles and causing brGDGT-based temperatures to be overestimated by up to 2.7 ± 0.7 °C in ha

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Zeng, Zhiyu, Wenjie Xiao, Fengfeng Zheng, et al. "Enhanced production of highly methylated brGDGTs linked to anaerobic bacteria from sediments of the Mariana Trench." Frontiers in Marine Science 10 (August 18, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1233560.

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Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane lipids that are widely used in terrestrial paleoclimatic reconstructions. Recent studies have reported that brGDGTs can also be produced by marine bacteria. However, the environmental factors influencing marine-derived brGDGTs and their source organisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the distribution and composition of brGDGTs and a suite of their putative derivatives called overly branched GDGTs (obGDGTs) in the Mariana Trench core sediments (water depth 8300 m, core length 320 cm), as well as the c

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Zang, Jingjie, Huan Yang, Jiahao Zhang, Huiru Tang, and Liangcheng Tan. "Application of microbial membrane tetraether lipids in speleothems." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11 (May 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1117599.

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Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), which are derived from microbial membranes, occur widely in soils, peats, lake sediments, marine sediments, hot springs, and other environments. GDGTs respond sensitively to environmental changes and have become an important tool in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. However, their application in speleothems, one of the most important archives of the study of past climates, has been quite limited. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the study of GDGTs in speleothems, from their sources to their distribution characteristics and paleoenv

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Wang, Yipeng, Jialei Yang, Guichen Wang, et al. "Source Identification of brGDGTs in the Surface Sediments of the East China Sea." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (January 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.796539.

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Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are components of bacterial membranes in terrestrial soils, which are widely used in paleoenvironmental reconstruction in global terrestrial soils and marine sediments. In marine sediments, the mixed sources of brGDGTs complicate the applications of brGDGT-related indicators in reconstructing terrestrial environments. In this study, we reported the spatial distribution of brGDGT-related indicators (MBTʹ 5ME, CBTʹ 5ME, #Ringstetra, and IIIa/IIa) in surface sediments from the East China Sea (ECS). MBTʹ 5ME and CBTʹ 5ME showed a stepped tre

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Garcia, Andy A., Grayson L. Chadwick, Xiao-Lei Liu, and Paula V. Welander. "Identification of two archaeal GDGT lipid–modifying proteins reveals diverse microbes capable of GMGT biosynthesis and modification." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121, no. 26 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2318761121.

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Archaea produce unique membrane-spanning lipids (MSLs), termed glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), which aid in adaptive responses to various environmental challenges. GDGTs can be modified through cyclization, cross-linking, methylation, hydroxylation, and desaturation, resulting in structurally distinct GDGT lipids. Here, we report the identification of radical SAM proteins responsible for two of these modifications—a glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraether (GMGT) synthase (Gms), responsible for covalently cross-linking the two hydrocarbon tails of a GDGT to produce GMGTs, and a GM

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O’Beirne, Molly D., Wesley P. Scott, Sergio Contreras, et al. "Distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) lipids from soils and sediments from the same watershed are distinct regionally (central Chile) but not globally." Frontiers in Earth Science 12 (April 17, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1383146.

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Quantitative reconstructions of past continental climates are vital for understanding contemporary and past climate change. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are unique bacterial lipids that have been proposed as universal paleothermometers due to their correlation with temperature in modern settings. Thus, brGDGTs may serve as a crucial paleotemperature proxy for understanding past climate variations and improving regional climate projections, especially in critical but under constrained regions. That said, complications can arise in their application due to varying sou

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Kalpana, M. S., Joyanto Routh, Susanne Fietz, Mahjoor A. Lone, and Augusto Mangini. "Sources, Distribution and Paleoenvironmental Application of Fatty Acids in Speleothem Deposits From Krem Mawmluh, Northeast India." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (July 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.687376.

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Integrated multiproxy geochemical studies are essential to reconstruct the paleoenvironment through different time scales. Pristine terrestrial archives such as speleothems provide an excellent opportunity to study these changes by measuring the stable isotope and biomarker trends preserved in these records. Here, we investigated fatty acids in drip water, moonmilk, and a stalagmite (KM-1) retrieved from Krem Mawmluh in northeast India to constrain the sources and distribution of these compounds. Besides, we tested their compatibility with established glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and

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Zhu, Zeyang, Jing Wu, Guoqiang Chu, et al. "Summer warming during Heinrich Stadial 1 in Northeast China." Geology, February 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g51881.1.

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The last deglaciation is considered a key period for exploring the underlying dynamics of temperature changes because it was characterized by multiple millennial-scale abrupt climatic events. However, the limited number of quantitative temperature records in Northeast (NE) China covering the last deglaciation hampers a complete understanding of the mechanisms and processes behind the temperature changes that occurred in that region. Here, we present a quantitative reconstruction of summer temperature over the last deglaciation based on bacterial branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (

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O’Beirne, Molly D., Jamie R. Vornlocher, Laura Lopera‐Congote, et al. "Exploring the Influence of Temperature on brGDGT Distributions in Chilean Lakes and Soils: A Comparative Analysis of In Situ Measured and Modeled Temperature Data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 130, no. 7 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jg008506.

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AbstractBranched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane‐spanning lipids that change in response to temperature variations. Their adaptability to temperature and widespread presence in sedimentary archives make brGDGTs a valuable tool for reconstructing past temperatures. However, the models used to relate brGDGT distributions to temperature vary widely (e.g., global vs. regional vs. site‐specific, differing subsets of brGDGTs, and brGDGT‐based indices), leading to inconsistencies in their application and inaccurate temperature predictions in some locations. Usin

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