Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bacterial diseases

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bacterial diseases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bacterial diseases"

1

Winn, Washington C. "Bacterial Diseases." Journal of Histotechnology 18, no. 3 (September 1995): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/his.1995.18.3.241.

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Sadick, Neil S. "Bacterial diseases." Current Problems in Dermatology 12, no. 2 (March 2000): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-0486(00)90048-6.

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Goychuk, A. F., M. V. Shvets, I. M. Kulbanska, F. F. Markov, N. А. Muljukina, and V. P. Patyka. "Bacterial Diseases of Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.)." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 82, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.06.023.

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A significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases of woody plants belongs to phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. It has been scientifically confirmed that the organs and tissues of woody plants have a certain myco- and microbiota, the components of which are systematically interconnected both with each other and with the plant. The species composition and quantitative ratio are constantly changing both in the process of ontogenesis of the tree and with changes in its physiology. The aim of the work was to study the species composition and the formation of diversity and systemic interactions of microbiota associated with bacterial dropsy in the pathology of Betula pendula Roth. Methods. Classical microbiological, phytopathological, biochemical, statistical methods were used in the work. Combined diagnostic methods were also used, in particular careful microscopic examination of the affected parts of plants, isolation and identification of the pathogen. Results. Bacterial origin of wet wood in the trunk of birches was detected. Samples of wood and exudate were taken for laboratory studies from plants that had pronounced signs of pathology (cracks, swellings). It has been experimentally proved that the causative agent of bacterial dropsy of silver birch is the phytopathogenic polybiotrophic bacterium Lelliottia nimipressuralis, which causes dropsy of coniferous and deciduous woody plants and experimentally found pathogenic properties to B. pendula. Xanthomonas campestris, Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus subtilis are associated with bacterial dropsy pathology of B. pendula. The pathogenic properties of P. agglomerans and X. campestris on B. pendula are variable, which indicates the possibility of the expansion of the circle of plants sensitive for these species of bacteria. It was established that L. nimipressuralis both during spring and autumn inoculation showed high pathogenicity to B. pendula. In only one case, on isolated on the border of healthy and affected wood from young B. pendula (bast part) the results of artificial injury were less pronounced. Other bacteria isolated from bacterial dropsy, in particular X. campestris, were non-pathogenic for B. pendula. At the same time, we noted traces of artificial infection with X. campestris in the samples isolated on the border of healthy and affected wood from middle-age B. pendula (cambial part). This may indicate an expansion of the circle of sensitive plants or the increased sensitivity of certain forms of birch for the mentioned bacteria, which is quite likely, since the bacteria have a significant forms variety. In 10 places of inoculation no pathology caused by B. subtilis was found. Bacteria of the Bacillus genus were non-pathogenic for B. pendula in all experiment. Our studies have shown that they can be a regulatory factor in the development of bacterial dropsy. Conclusions. A certain variability of isolated strains in the assimilation of some carbohydrates and alcohols can be explained by the specific conditions of the existence of bacteria, including the influence of environmental factors on their biochemical properties. It is known that the ecological niche affects even the antigenic composition of bacteria; therefore, such an effect should also be expected on other properties. Our studies confirmed that causative agent of bacterial dropsy is L. nimipressuralis and clarified the information about this bacteria cells size.
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Cornelis, Guy R. "Bacterial Infectious Diseases." Cell 114, no. 1 (July 2003): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00517-8.

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Wu, Jashin J., Katie R. Pang, Omar Lupi, and Stephen K. Tyring. "Tropical bacterial diseases." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 50, no. 3 (March 2004): P99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2003.10.320.

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CREUZOT, CP, and AM BRON. "Corneal bacterial diseases." Acta Ophthalmologica 86 (September 4, 2008): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.3311.x.

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Songtanin, Busara, Christopher J. Peterson, Adebayo J. Molehin, and Kenneth Nugent. "Biofilms and Benign Colonic Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 14259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214259.

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The colon has a very large surface area that is covered by a dense mucus layer. The biomass in the colon includes 500–1000 bacterial species at concentrations of ~1012 colony-forming units per gram of feces. The intestinal epithelial cells and the commensal bacteria in the colon have a symbiotic relationship that results in nutritional support for the epithelial cells by the bacteria and maintenance of the optimal commensal bacterial population by colonic host defenses. Bacteria can form biofilms in the colon, but the exact frequency is uncertain because routine methods to undertake colonoscopy (i.e., bowel preparation) may dislodge these biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms represent a complex community that includes living and dead bacteria and an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, DNA, and exogenous debris in the colon. The formation of biofilms occurs in benign colonic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. The development of a biofilm might serve as a marker for ongoing colonic inflammation. Alternatively, the development of biofilms could contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders by providing sanctuaries for pathogenic bacteria and reducing the commensal bacterial population. Therapeutic approaches to patients with benign colonic diseases could include the elimination of biofilms and restoration of normal commensal bacteria populations. However, these studies will be extremely difficult unless investigators can develop noninvasive methods for measuring and identifying biofilms. These methods that might include the measurement of quorum sensing molecules, measurement of bile acids, and identification of bacteria uniquely associated with biofilms in the colon.
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Boronina, Lyubov Grigoryevna, and Elena Valeryevna Samatova. "Verification etiology of chronic infectious-inflammatory pulmonary diseases exacerbations in children." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped539-15.

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During the examination of 45 children with exacerbation of chronic infectious-inflammatory pulmonary diseases complex of laboratory methods (culture, polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence, gas-liquid chromatography, immune-enzyme analysis) established that the exacerbation associated with monoculture (62.2 %): aerobic - 40 %, including facultative anaerobic bacteria, nonspore-forming anaerobic bacteria - 17.8 %, viruses - 4.4 %, and with associations of microorganisms (26.4 %): bacterial-bacterial - 15.4 %, bacterial-viral - 8.8 %, bacterial-fungal - 2.2 %.
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Bonaterra, Anna, Esther Badosa, Núria Daranas, Jesús Francés, Gemma Roselló, and Emilio Montesinos. "Bacteria as Biological Control Agents of Plant Diseases." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091759.

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Biological control is an effective and sustainable alternative or complement to conventional pesticides for fungal and bacterial plant disease management. Some of the most intensively studied biological control agents are bacteria that can use multiple mechanisms implicated in the limitation of plant disease development, and several bacterial-based products have been already registered and marketed as biopesticides. However, efforts are still required to increase the commercially available microbial biopesticides. The inconsistency in the performance of bacterial biocontrol agents in the biological control has limited their extensive use in commercial agriculture. Pathosystem factors and environmental conditions have been shown to be key factors involved in the final levels of disease control achieved by bacteria. Several biotic and abiotic factors can influence the performance of the biocontrol agents, affecting their mechanisms of action or the multitrophic interaction between the plant, the pathogen, and the bacteria. This review shows some relevant examples of known bacterial biocontrol agents, with especial emphasis on research carried out by Spanish groups. In addition, the importance of the screening process and of the key steps in the development of bacterial biocontrol agents is highlighted. Besides, some improvement approaches and future trends are considered.
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Jiang, Qian, Jiashun Chen, Chengbo Yang, Yulong Yin, and Kang Yao. "Quorum Sensing: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Bacterial Diseases." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015978.

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Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication in which specific signals are activated to coordinate pathogenic behaviors and help bacteria acclimatize to the disadvantages. The QS signals in the bacteria mainly consist of acyl-homoserine lactone, autoinducing peptide, and autoinducer-2. QS signaling activation and biofilm formation lead to the antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens, thus increasing the therapy difficulty of bacterial diseases. Anti-QS agents can abolish the QS signaling and prevent the biofilm formation, therefore reducing bacterial virulence without causing drug-resistant to the pathogens, suggesting that anti-QS agents are potential alternatives for antibiotics. This review focuses on the anti-QS agents and their mediated signals in the pathogens and conveys the potential of QS targeted therapy for bacterial diseases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bacterial diseases"

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Roberts, S. J. "Bacterial diseases of woody ornamental plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375533.

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Olfat, Farzad. "Helicobacter pylori : bacterial adhesion and host response." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Odontologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133.

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The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori infects more than half of the population worldwide. H. pylori manage to establish persistent infection, which would be life-long if not treated. In order to establish such an infection, this pathogen has to deal with the host immune system. H. pylori has certain characteristics which make the bacteria less announced to the host immune system. Additionally, for remaining in the harsh and acidic environment of the stomach with peristaltic movements and a high frequency of turnover of epithelial cells, H. pylori has developed different binding modes to structures present both in the mucus and on the surface of gastric cells and also to extracellular matrix proteins. Evidently, adhesion has a determinant role for a successful colonization by H. pylori. It has been shown that a small fraction of the H. pylori infection is in intimate contact and attached to the host epithelium. Despite its small proportion, this group maintains the persistency of infection. As there is no suitable in vitro system to mimic the human stomach for studies of H. pylori infection, we have developed the In Vitro Explant Culture technique (IVEC). By using this model we could show that H. pylori use the Lewis b blood group antigen to bind to the host gastric mucosa, during experimental conditions most similar to the in vivo situation. Furthermore, we could show that the host tissue responses to the bacterial attachment by expression of Interleukin 8 (IL- ), which will guide the inflammatory processes. Interestingly, by inhibition of bacterial adhesion through receptor competition i.e., by use of soluble Lewis b antigen, IL-8 production was hampered in the IVEC system, which further validates the presence of a tight relation between bacterial adhesion and induction of host immune responses. One of the inflammation signaling cursors in vivo is the upregulated sialylated Lewis x (sLex) antigen, an inflammation associated carbohydrate structure well established as a binding site for the selectin family of adhesion molecules. We could show that during chronic gastric inflammation, which is actually caused by the persistent H. pylori infection, the bacterial cells adapt their binding mode, and preferentially bind to sLex, which will provide an even more intimate contact with the host cells. This interaction is mediated by SabA, the H. pylori adhesin for sialylated oligosaccharides/glycoconjugates. By employing red blood cells as a model we could further demonstrate that SabA is identical to the “established” H. pylori hemagglutinin. We could also show that SabA binds to sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) rather than glycoproteins on cell surfaces. Our result also revealed that SabA also binds to and activates human neutrophils. Such effect was unrelated to BabA and the H. pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP- AP), which were not directly involved in the activation of neutrophils. Furthermore, phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils was demonstrated to be mainly dependent on presence of SabA. Interestingly, HP-NAP showed a possible role in guiding the bacterial adhesion during conditions of limited sialylation, i.e. equivalent to mild gastritis, when the tissue would be less inflamed and sialylated. In conclusion, H. pylori adhesion causes host tissue inflammation, then the bacteria will adapt to the new condition and bind to epithelial cells in a tighter mode by synergistic activities of BabA and SabA. Additionally, SabA bind to and activate human neutrophils, which will exacerbate inflammation responses and cause damage to host tissue. Thus, BabA and SabA are potential candidates to be targeted for therapeutic strategies against H. pylori and gastric disease.
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Wondimagegne, Eshetu. "Bacterial wilt of potato in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335193.

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Packer, Samantha. "Bacterial-epithelial cell interactions in the periodontal diseases." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445766/.

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Periodontal diseases result from a complex interaction between a biofilm containing commensal and periopathogenic bacteria and the host innate and acquired defense systems. The interaction of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria and their effect on ' cell behaviour, particularly the synthesis of antibacterial and inflammatory molecules, has been the focus of this project. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of human beta-defensin and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in the gingiva of patients suffering from the periodontal diseases was also determined. Patients suffering periodontal diseases showed increased mRNA expression of human beta-defensins and cytokines compared to controls, however, there was no difference in human beta-defensin protein expression between diseased and control tissue samples. Further studies were then carried out to determine the effect of oral commensal and periopathogenic bacteria and their surface components on oral epithelial cells (OECs). An oral squamous carcinoma cell line was found to produce IL-8 protein and express mRNA for human beta-defensin 2 (hpD-2), both of which were induced by several oral bacterial cell surface components, including LPS. The stimulatory effect of LPS was subsequently found to involve the LPS receptor, CD 14. The presence of toll-like receptor mRNA was also demonstrated and results showed that their expression may be regulated by bacteria associated molecular patterns. Both live- and heat-killed oral bacterial pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis induced production of IL-8 protein and hpD-2 mRNA from OECs. Exposure to the oral commensals S. sanguis and S. gordonii resulted in a decrease in the production of IL-8 mRNA from OECs, whilst heat-killed S. sanguis upregulated hpD-2 mRNA. A highly invasive strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans was shown to adhere to OECs to a greater degree, and also led to a greater induction of hpD-2 mRNA and IL-8 protein compared to a non-invasive strain. Further, isogenic mutants of the oral commensal S. gordonii DL1 Challis, deficient in the production of antigen I/II-family proteins SspA and SspB and the fibrillar cell surface proteins CshA and CshB, showed reduced adhesion to OECs. All strains had comparable effects on IL-8 protein and hpD-2 mRNA expression in OECs. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the expression profile of human beta- defensins and cytokines in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. hpD-2 has been shown to be upregulated in oral epithelial cells by a range of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria and their products. It has also been shown that the invasive nature of oral bacteria may contribute to increased expression of hpD-2 messenger RNA in oral epithelial cells. The upregulation of hpD-2 mRNA by a wide variety of components, bacterial or otherwise in oral epithelial cells may have therapeutic potential, however further studies would need to be carried out to determine the correlation between mRNA and protein expression of hpD-2.
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Teschke, Miriam. "Prävalenz von Arcobacter spp. in Puten- und Schweinefleisch aus dem Berliner Einzelhandel und Vergleich von drei kulturellen Arcobacter-Nachweisverfahren /." Berlin : Mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990056414/04.

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Young, Hugh. "Laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27730.

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This thesis brings together 118 published studies on the microbiology of sexually transmitted diseases resulting from work performed in the University of Edinburgh Department of Medical Microbiology between 1973 and 1995. The main aim of these studies was to improve microbiological aspects of the diagnosis and management of syphilis and gonorrhoea. The earliest publication on syphilis serology was the first to recommend the use of a specific treponemal antigen test, the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) for routine screening. As a result of this study a screening schedule comprising the Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) and TPHA tests was introduced into routine practice in late 1973. Soon the same screening schedule was widely adopted in the United Kingdom and Europe. Appreciating the importance of computerised and automation I validated and standardised a prototype commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as a single serological screening test and demonstrated that this gave a performance comparable to screening with the VDRL and TPHA tests while being suitable for automation and electronic report generation. Screening for syphilis by EIA is now becoming widespread throughout Europe. Because false positive EIA reactions may also show reactivity in the FTA-abs test, immunoblotting was evaluated as a confirmatory test. The possibility of syphilis reactivation and loss of treponemal markers in patients co-infected with HIV were also studied.
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Ndungu, Anne. "Rare genetic variants and susceptibility to severe bacterial diseases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c5745f9-50f9-469a-8771-2e49e75db7ac.

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Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are major causes of severe bacterial disease which can manifest as invasive disease such as bacteraemia and meningitis. Exposure to these pathogens is relatively widespread, yet only a minority of individuals develop invasive disease. A host genetic component to infectious disease susceptibility has been implied from twin and adoptee studies. A role for rare large effect genetic variants in predisposition to infection has been demonstrated through the study of individuals with primary immunodeficiencies. However, a majority of these studies have been undertaken in individuals with a history of recurrent disease or in multi-case families. The relative role of rare genetic variants of moderate to large effect at the population level has not been widely explored. This thesis presents effort made using next generation sequencing methods to identify rare genetic variants that lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial disease focussing on meningococcal disease, pleural infection(empyema), pneumococcal disease and sepsis phenotypes. Using an exome sequencing approach in 13 cases with invasive meningococcal disease, a novel mutation leading to a complement deficiency and increased risk of meningococcal infection was identified and functionally validated in one individual. This mutation in the CFP gene was demonstrated as leading to impaired properdin secretion. Further analysis implicated loss of function mutations in CD4 and ZAP70 as novel loci for meningococcal disease susceptibility. A case control association analysis for sepsis susceptibility highlighted the possible role for small Rho GTPases in sepsis pathology. By aggregating all rare predicted deleterious mutations in a gene, four genes in this pathway, (ROCK2, ARHGAP18, FYN and CDC42BPG) were implicated as having an excess of rare deleterious variants in sepsis samples compared to population controls. A similar approach identified low frequency genetic variants in the CD109 gene as predisposing to empyema susceptibility in children. Finally, preliminary evidence from adult individuals with invasive pneumococcal disease points to a potential role of the RNASE7 gene in invasive pneumococcal disease susceptibility. This association was primarily due to a predicted deleterious missense mutation present in cases and absent in controls. Taken together, these results have identified a number of potential loci with rare variants associated with susceptibility to severe phenotypes of bacterial diseases.
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Daranas, Boadella Núria. "Biological control of quarantine bacterial plant diseases with Lactobacillus plantarum strains. Improvement of fitness and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666181.

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The fruit production is threatened by several bacterial diseases, such as fire blight of apple and pear, bacterial canker of kiwifruit, bacterial spot of stone fruits, and angular leaf spot of strawberry. The conventional pesticides that are available for the control of these diseases are mainly copper compounds and they have a limited efficacy and negative impact on environment. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative and sustainable management tools. This Ph.D. Thesis contributes to the development of a novel microbial biopesticide based on lactic acid bacteria. Two Lactobacillus plantarum strains were selected due to their broad-spectrum activity. In order to improve the epiphytic survival of both strains in plants and to get more consistency in their biocontrol efficacy, a physiological adaptive strategy was defined to increase the water-stress tolerance. Also, a monitoring method was developed to evaluate the population dynamics of a L. plantarum strain.
La producció de fruita està afectada per diferents malalties bacterianes de quarantena com el foc bacterià de les pomeres i pereres, el xancre bacterià del kiwi, la taca bacteriana dels fruiters de pinyol i la taca angular de les fulles de maduixera. Els plaguicides disponibles pel seu control són principalment compostos cúprics els quals tenen una eficàcia limitada i un impacte negatiu en el medi ambient. Existeix la necessitat de desenvolupar eines de control alternatives i més sostenibles. Aquesta tesi contribueix en el desenvolupament d’un bioplaguicida microbià basat en bacteris de l’àcid làctic. Es van seleccionar dues soques de Lactobacillus plantarum amb activitat d’ampli espectre i es va definir una estratègia fisiològica d’adaptació per incrementar la tolerància a l’estrès per manca d’aigua i així millorar la supervivència epifítica a la planta. També es va desenvolupar un mètode de monitoratge per avaluar les dinàmiques poblacionals d’una soca de L. plantarum.
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Wang, Xiangdong. "Bacterial translocation after major liver resection." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39793360.html.

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Behzad, Kasravi F. "Bacterial translocation in acute liver injury." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=I39sAAAAMAAJ.

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Books on the topic "Bacterial diseases"

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Takeda, Y., and T. Miwatani, eds. Bacterial Diarrheal Diseases. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4990-4.

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Valerie, Inglis, Roberts Ronald J. 1941-, and Bromage Niall R, eds. Bacterial diseases of fish. New York: Halsted Press, 1993.

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Valerie, Inglis, Roberts Ronald J. 1941-, and Bromage Niall R, eds. Bacterial diseases of fish. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1993.

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Janse, J. D. Phytobacteriology: Principles and practice. Cambridge, MA: CABI Pub., 2006.

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Borkar, Suresh G., and Rupert Anand Yumlembam. Bacterial Diseases of Crop Plants. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. |: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367972.

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Chan, Voon L., Philip M. Sherman, and Billy Bourke, eds. Bacterial Genomes and Infectious Diseases. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-152-9.

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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Bacterial Diseases of Cruciferous Crops. S.l: s.n, 1986.

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Scanlan, Charles M. Bacterial diseases of domestic animals. College Station, Tex: Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2003.

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J, Roberts S., and Horticultural Development Council, eds. Hardy nursery stock: Bacterial diseases. [S.l.]: Horticultural Developemnt Council, 1997.

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L, Chan Voon, Sherman Philip M, and Bourke Billy, eds. Bacterial genomes and infectious diseases. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bacterial diseases"

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Weese, J. Scott, and Martha B. Fulford. "Bacterial Diseases." In Companion Animal Zoonoses, 109–240. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470958957.ch2.

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Georgiev, Vassil St. "Bacterial Diseases." In National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 19–21. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-297-1_3.

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Mitchel Opremcak, E. "Bacterial Diseases." In Uveitis, 134–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4174-4_9.

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Vogelnest, Linda Jean. "Bacterial Diseases." In Feline Dermatology, 213–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29836-4_11.

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Braun-Falco, Otto, Gerd Plewig, Helmut H. Wolff, and Walter H. C. Burgdorf. "Bacterial Diseases." In Dermatology, 127–244. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97931-6_4.

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Bruno, David W., Patricia A. Noguera, and Trygve T. Poppe. "Bacterial Diseases." In A Colour Atlas of Salmonid Diseases, 73–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2010-7_6.

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Horst, R. Kenneth. "Bacterial Diseases." In Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook, 69–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2141-8_15.

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de Castro Lima Santos, Daniel Wagner, and Marilia Marufuji Ogawa. "Bacterial Diseases." In Atlas of Dermatologic Diseases in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, 101–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13335-0_5.

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van der Kolk, J. H., and E. J. B. Veldhuis Kroeze. "Bacterial Diseases." In Infectious Diseases of the Horse, 1–115. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003197546-1.

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Trüeb, Ralph M., Hudson Dutra Rezende, Maria Fernanda Reis Gavazzoni Dias, Darlene Silva Polito, and Simone de Abreu Neves Salles. "Bacterial Diseases." In Hair in Infectious Disease, 35–127. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30754-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bacterial diseases"

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Zahedmanesh, Houman, Paul Gatenholm, and Caitríona Lally. "Bacterial Cellulose: A Potential Vascular Graft and Tissue Engineering Scaffold." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206343.

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Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population and treatment of many of the patients struggling with such diseases requires surgical interventions involving replacement of diseased arteries. Although currently it is possible to replace large arteries with synthetic grafts made of materials such as polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) [1], these materials may not be used as small size grafts given their thrombogenicity and propensity for intimal hyperplasia [2]. As a result, development of suitable grafts as a substitute for small size arteries (< 6mm in diameter) such as the coronary arteries remains a daunting challenge.
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Koseoglou, Eleni. "Inactivation of tomato WAT1 leads to reduced susceptibility to Clavibacter michiganensis through downregulation of bacterial virulence factor." In IS-MPMI Congress. IS-MPMI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/ismpmi-2023-9.

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Tomato bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis (Cm) is considered to be one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of tomato. To date, no resistance to the pathogen has been identified. While several molecular studies have identified (Cm) bacterial factors involved in disease development, the plant genes and mechanisms associated with susceptibility of tomato to the bacterium remain largely unknown. Here, we show for the first time that tomato gene SlWAT1 is a susceptibility gene to Cm. We inactivated the gene SlWAT1 through RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 to study changes in tomato susceptibility to Cm. Furtermore, we analysed the role of the gene in the molecular interaction with the pathogen. Our findings demonstrate that SlWAT1 functions as an S gene to genetically diverse Cm strains. Inactivation of SlWAT1 reduced free auxin contents and ethylene synthesis in tomato stems and suppressed the expression of specific bacterial virulence factors. However, CRISPR/Cas9 slwat1 mutants exhibited severe growth defects. The observed reduced susceptibility is possibly a result of downregulation of bacterial virulence factors and reduced auxin contents in transgenic plants. This is the first time it has been shown that an S gene can regulate the expression of virulence factors.
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Corrêa, Bruna, Vanderlei S. Bagnato, and Kate C. Blanco. "Effect of photoxidation on bacterial persistence." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2024, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3004206.

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Lysko, Svetlana, Marina Zadorozhnaya, and Olga Suntsova. "Biological Method for Prevention of Avian Bacterial Diseases." In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference The Fifth Technological Order: Prospects for the Development and Modernization of the Russian Agro-Industrial Sector (TFTS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.212.

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Sidarenka, A. V., H. A. Bareika, L. N. Valentovich, D. S. Paturemski, V. N. Kuptsou, M. A. Titok, and E. I. Kalamiyets. "Molecular diagnostics of bacterial and fungal plant diseases." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.229.

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Taxon-specific primers were developed and PCR conditions were optimized for diagnostics of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Methods for phytopathogens DNA isolation from plant material, soil and water were selected.
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Blaskovich, Mark A., Wanida Phetsang, M. Rhia Stone, Urszula Lapinska, Stefano Pagliara, Rajiv Bhalla, and Matthew A. Cooper. "Antibiotic-derived molecular probes for bacterial imaging." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2019, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2507329.

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de Freitas, Laura M., Ana L. Blanco, and Carla R. Fontana. "Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy proved not to induce bacterial resistance (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287268.

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Kongtun, S., and W. Suracherdkaiti. "Herbal Antibacterial Liquid Soap Development against Bacterial Skin Diseases." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0103.

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Kumalasari, Yeni Indra, Agung Dian Kharisma, and Sri Yuwantiningsih. "Potential of Karimunjawa Island’s Plants as Antibiotic-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Sources." In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-kv25ou.

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Endophytic bacteria have a great potential to be applied as biofertilizers and biopesticides, but their information as a source of antibiotics still needs to be developed and explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential sources of antibiotics in endophytic bacteria isolated from the stems of Setigi, Wahong, Bongko, Kalimosodo, Dewandaru, and Legundi plants on Karimunjawa Island. Molecular approaches were performed to isolate, characterize, and identify bacterial endophytes as potential antibiotic sources by plate assay and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Dewandaru isolate was identified as gram-negative bacteria, whereas; gram-positive bacteria were detected in other isolates. Moreover, Setigi and Dewandaru isolates showed the highest level to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp and displayed 99% similarity with antibiotic-producing bacteria, namely Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus cereus, respectively. These results indicate the possibility of antibiotic activities by Setigi and Dewandaru isolated. Therefore, it is assumed that both Setigi and Dewandaru isolates potentially appeared as new antibiotics sources from local plants. This study provides novel insight into the future production of novel antibiotics derived from plant-associated endophytic bacterial as a strategy for increasing the application of natural compounds to control plant diseases in agriculture.
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Bumah, Violet, Daniella Mason-Meyers, Dawn Castel, Chris Castel, and Chukuka Enwemeka. "Development of pulsed blue light technologies for bacterial biofilm disruption." In Photonic Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases 2019, edited by Tianhong Dai, Mei X. Wu, and Jürgen Popp. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510699.

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Reports on the topic "Bacterial diseases"

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Kamp, Jan, Pieter Blok, Gerrit Polder, Jan van der Wolf, and Henk Jalink. Smart disease detection seed potatoes 2015-2018 : Detection of virus and bacterial diseases using vision and sensor technology. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Field Corps, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/494707.

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Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.

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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.

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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568755.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.
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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden, and Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568746.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. MAP kinase cascades activated by SlMAPKKKε and their involvement in tomato resistance to bacterial pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699834.bard.

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The research problem: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Xanthomonas campestrispv. vesicatoria (Xcv) are the causal agents of tomato bacterial speck and spot diseases, respectively. These pathogens colonize the aerial parts of the plant and cause economically important losses to tomato yield worldwide. Control of speck and spot diseases by cultural practices or chemicals is not effective and genetic sources of resistance are very limited. In previous research supported by BARD, by gene expression profiling we identified signaling components involved in resistance to Xcvstrains. Follow up experiments revealed that a tomato gene encoding a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKe) is required for resistance to Xcvand Pststrains. Goals: Central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which MAPKKKεand associated MAP kinase cascades regulate host resistance. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine whether MAPKKKεplays a broad role in defense signaling in plants; 2. Identify components of MAP kinase cascades acting downstream of MAPKKKε; 3. Determine the role of phosphorylation-related events in the function of MAPKKKε; 4. Isolate proteins directly activated by MAPKKKε-associatedMAPK modules. Our main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Characterization of MAPKKKεas a positive regulator of cell death and dissection of downstream MAP kinase cascades (Melech-Bonfil et al., 2010; Melech-Bonfil and Sessa, 2011). The MAPKKKεgene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Xcvand Pstbacterial strains and for hypersensitive response cell death triggered by different R gene/effector gene pairs. In addition, overexpression analysis demonstrated that MAPKKKεis a positive regulator of cell death, whose activity depends on an intact kinase catalytic domain. Epistatic experiments delineated a signaling cascade downstream of MAPKKKεand identified SIPKK as a negative regulator of MAPKKKε-mediated cell death. Finally, genes encoding MAP kinase components downstream of MAPKKKεwere shown to contribute to tomato resistance to Xcv. 2. Identification of tomato proteins that interact with MAPKKKεand play a role in plant immunity (Oh et al., 2011). We identified proteins that interact with MAPKKKε. Among them, the 14-3-3 protein TFT7 was required for cell death mediated by several R proteins. In addition, TFT7 interacted with the MAPKK SlMKK2 and formed homodimersin vivo. Thus, TFT7 is proposed to recruit SlMKK2 and MAPKKK client proteins for efficient signal transfer. 3. Development of a chemical genetic approach to identify substrates of MAPKKKε-activated MAP kinase cascades (Salomon et al., 2009, 2011). This approach is based on engineering the kinase of interest to accept unnatural ATP analogs. For its implementation to identify substrates of MAPKKKε-activated MAP kinase modules, we sensitized the tomato MAP kinase SlMPK3 to ATP analogs and verified its ability to use them as phosphodonors. By using the sensitized SlMPK3 and radiolabeled N6(benzyl)ATP it should be possible to tag direct substrates of this kinase. 4. Development of methods to study immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in tomato and N. benthamiana plants (Kim et al., 2009; Nguyen et al. 2010). We developed protocols for measuring various PTI-associatedphenotypes, including bacterial populations after pretreatment of leaves with PAMPs, induction of reporter genes, callose deposition at the cell wall, activation of MAP kinases, and a luciferase-based reporter system for use in protoplasts. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized a signal transduction pathway mediating plant immunity to bacterial pathogens. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease. In addition, we successfully developed new biochemical and molecular methods that can be implemented in the study of plant immunity and other aspects of plant biology.
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AlBakri, Aref, Auswaf Ahsan, Manoj Vengal, KR Ashir, Abdul Majeed, and Hanan Siddiq. Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Invasive Dental Procedures for Patients at High-Risk of Infective Endocarditis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0011.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine whether there is a genuine clinical need for Antibiotic Prophylaxis(AP) for the prevention of Infective Endocarditis(IE) in high-risk individuals (particularly those with demonstrable structural heart diseases or valve surgery) undergoing invasive dental procedures. Information sources: PubMed, Science Direct, British Dental Journal and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Search terms used included various combinations of the following subject headings and title or abstract keywords – prophylactic antibiotics, antibiotic prophylaxis, antimicrobial, dentist, extraction, implant, infective endocarditis, or bacterial endocarditis.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory Martin. Role of GRAS Transcription Factors in Tomato Disease Resistance and Basal Defense. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696520.bard.

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The research problem: Bacterial spot and bacterial speck diseases of tomato are causedby strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (Pst), respectively. These bacteria colonize aerial parts of the plant and causesignificant losses in tomato production worldwide. Protection against Xcv and Pst bycultural practices or chemical control has been unsuccessful and there are only limitedsources of genetic resistance to these pathogens. In previous research supported in part byBARD IS-3237-01, we extensively characterized changes in tomato gene expression uponthe onset of spot and speck disease resistance. A remarkable finding of these studies wasthe inducibility in tomato leaves by both Xcv and Pst strains of genes encodingtranscriptional activator of the GRAS family, which has not been previously linked todisease resistance. Goals: Central goals of this research were to investigate the role of GRAS genes in tomatoinnate immunity and to assess their potential use for disease control.Specific objectives were to: 1. Identify GRAS genes that are induced in tomato during thedefense response and analyze their role in disease resistance by loss-of-function experiments.2. Overexpress GRAS genes in tomato and characterize plants for possible broad-spectrumresistance. 3. Identify genes whose transcription is regulated by GRAS family. Our main achievements during this research program are in three major areas:1. Identification of tomato GRAS family members induced in defense responses andanalysis of their role in disease resistance. Genes encoding tomato GRAS family memberswere retrieved from databases and analyzed for their inducibility by Pst avirulent bacteria.Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that six SlGRAS transcripts are induced during theonset of disease resistance to Pst. Further expression analysis of two selected GRAS genesshowed that they accumulate in tomato plants in response to different avirulent bacteria orto the fungal elicitor EIX. In addition, eight SlGRAS genes, including the Pst-induciblefamily members, were induced by mechanical stress in part in a jasmonic acid-dependentmanner. Remarkably, SlGRAS6 gene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Pstin virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments.2. Molecular analysis of pathogen-induced GRAS transcriptional activators. In aheterologous yeast system, Pst-inducible GRAS genes were shown to have the ability toactivate transcription in agreement with their putative function of transcription factors. Inaddition, deletion analysis demonstrated that short sequences at the amino-terminus ofSlGRAS2, SlGRAS4 and SlGRAS6 are sufficient for transcriptional activation. Finally,defense-related SlGRAS proteins were found to localize to the cell nucleus. 3. Disease resistance and expression profiles of transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRASgenes. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlGRAS3 or SlGRAS6 were generated. Diseasesusceptibility tests revealed that these plants are not more resistant to Pst than wild-typeplants. Gene expression profiles of the overexpressing plants identified putative direct orindirect target genes regulated by SlGRAS3 and SlGRAS6. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities established a novel linkbetween the GRAS family of transcription factors, plant disease resistance and mechanicalstress response. SlGRAS6 was found to be required for disease resistance to Pstsuggesting that this and possibly other GRAS family members are involved in thetranscriptional reprogramming that takes place during the onset of disease resistance.Their nuclear localization and transcriptional activation ability support their proposed roleas transcription factors or co-activators. However, the potential of utilizing GRAS familymembers for the improvement of plant disease resistance in agriculture has yet to bedemonstrated.
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Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson, and Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.

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1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.
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Cohen, Victoria, Svetlozara Chobanova, and Iulia Iulia Gherman. Risk assessment for vulnerable consumers from Listeria monocytogenes in blue cheese. Food Standards Agency, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tqb580.

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Listeria monocytogenes are bacteria that cause listeriosis, a disease which is very severe in vulnerable people. Vulnerable people include pregnant women, people over 65 years of age, infants, and those with a weakened immune system. While most semi-soft cheeses do not let L. monocytogenes grow, blue cheeses may be an exception, and pose a risk to vulnerable groups. L. monocytogenes is widespread in the environment and can grow at refrigeration temperatures. This makes it a particular problem in ready-to-eat foods such as cheese. It can also remain in the environment in food factories for several years as it can be difficult to remove. Foodborne listeriosis is a relatively rare illness in comparison to other foodborne diseases. A search found two potential listeriosis outbreaks and one individual case may have been caused by blue cheese worldwide. No listeriosis illnesses due to blue cheese were identified in the UK. Blue cheese is not frequently consumed by vulnerable consumers. When consumed, it is usually in low amounts. Published data from Scottish local authorities and the Food Standards Agency suggest that overall percentage of blue cheeses contaminated with L. monocytogenes in the UK is low. A search of the scientific literature on contamination in blue cheese from European countries found that most of these studies examined Gorgonzola cheese. The rinds of Gorgonzola were much more likely to be contaminated than the centre of the cheese. Research also shows that the acidic levels and levels of moisture in blue cheese can support L. monocytogenes growth. Most of these studies showed only a small amount of bacterial growth in the centre of the cheese.
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