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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacterial diseases – Diagnosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

KNOWLES, D. P. jr, and J. R. GORHAM. "Diagnosis of viral and bacterial diseases." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 9, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 733–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.9.3.515.

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2

Ozaslan, Mehmet, and Idress Hamad Attitalla. "DNA Based Diagnosis of Canine Bacterial Diseases." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 1954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.1954.1964.

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3

Raoult, Didier, Cyrille Bonhomme, and Patricia Renesto. "Bacterial Protein Microarrays for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases." Current Immunology Reviews 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339508783597316.

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4

Austin, Brian. "Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial fish diseases." Marine Life Science & Technology 1, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42995-019-00002-5.

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5

ABIDOV, A. "Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (September 1998): S299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-9959(98)95725-7.

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6

Obaro, Stephen. "Updating the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 11 (November 2019): 1160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30549-3.

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7

Hung, Yuan-Pin, Yu-Fon Chen, Pei-Jane Tsai, I.-Hsiu Huang, Wen-Chien Ko, and Jeng-Shiung Jan. "Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials as Treatments for Bacterial Infectious Diseases." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111913.

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Bacteria-targeting nanomaterials have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. These nanomaterials show great potential as antimicrobial agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity and relatively low toxicity. Recently, nanomaterials have improved the accurate detection of pathogens, provided therapeutic strategies against nosocomial infections and facilitated the delivery of antigenic protein vaccines that induce humoral and cellular immunity. Biomaterial implants, which have traditionally been hindered by bacterial colonization, benefit from their ability to prevent bacteria from forming biofilms and spreading into adjacent tissues. Wound repair is improving in terms of both the function and prevention of bacterial infection, as we tailor nanomaterials to their needs, select encapsulation methods and materials, incorporate activation systems and add immune-activating adjuvants. Recent years have produced numerous advances in their antibacterial applications, but even further expansion in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases is expected in the future.

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8

Alvarez, Anne M. "INTEGRATED APPROACHES FOR DETECTION OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL DISEASES." Annual Review of Phytopathology 42, no. 1 (September 2004): 339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040803.140329.

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9

Patel, Robin. "MALDI-TOF MS for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases." Clinical Chemistry 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2014.221770.

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Abstract BACKGROUND First introduced into clinical microbiology laboratories in Europe, MALDI-TOF MS is being rapidly embraced by laboratories around the globe. Although it has multiple applications, its widespread adoption in clinical microbiology relates to its use as an inexpensive, easy, fast, and accurate method for identification of grown bacteria and fungi based on automated analysis of the mass distribution of bacterial proteins. CONTENT This review provides a historical perspective on this new technology. Modern applications in the clinical microbiology laboratory are reviewed with a focus on the most recent publications in the field. Identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi are discussed, as are applications for testing urine and positive blood culture bottles. The strengths and limitations of MALDI-TOF MS applications in clinical microbiology are also addressed. SUMMARY MALDI-TOF MS is a tool for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective identification of cultured bacteria and fungi in clinical microbiology. The technology is automated, high throughput, and applicable to a broad range of common as well as esoteric bacteria and fungi. MALDI-TOF MS is an incontrovertibly beneficial technology for the clinical microbiology laboratory.

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10

Nakamura, Shota, Norihiro Maeda, Ionut Mihai Miron, Myonsun Yoh, Kaori Izutsu, Chidoh Kataoka, Takeshi Honda, et al. "Metagenomic Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections." Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 11 (November 2008): 1784–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1411.080589.

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11

Deepthi, KrishnanNair Geetha, and Solai Ramatchandirane Prabagaran. "Ocular bacterial infections: Pathogenesis and diagnosis." Microbial Pathogenesis 145 (August 2020): 104206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104206.

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12

Teakle, D. S. "Diagnosis of virus and bacterial diseases — does accuracy matter?" Australasian Plant Pathology 25, no. 3 (September 1996): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03213683.

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13

Nau, R. "Diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis." Neurology Bulletin XXXI, no. 1-4 (September 15, 1999): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb80930.

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In Germany, cases of meningitis and encephalitis are registered by the epidemiological service. In 1988, the Republican Ministry of Health received 4301 reports of these diseases: 488 cases of meningococcal meningitis, 1192 of bacterial meningitis of a different etiology, 962 of viral meningoencephalitis, and 1659 of meningitis and encephalitis of a different etiology (Phn, 1990).

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14

Philip, A. G. S. "Early diagnosis of neonatal (bacterial) infection." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 1, no. 3 (May 1988): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198805000-00016.

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15

Hermes, R., J. Saragusty, I. Moser, S. Holtze, J. Nieter, K. Sachse, T. Voracek, et al. "Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in elephants." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818000122.

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AbstractTuberculosis (TB) has been known to affect elephants for thousands of years. It was put into spotlight when few circus elephants were diagnosed carryingMycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis. Because of the zoonotic risk and high susceptibility toM. tuberculosis, periodic testing was enacted since, in captive breeding programmes. Presently, trunk wash is the recommended diagnostic procedure for TB. Trunk wash, however, puts the operator at risk, has low sensitivity, and is prone to contamination. Here, bronchoalveolar lavage is described for the first time for TB diagnosis in elephants. Bronchial, trunk and mouth fluids were investigated using bacterial culture,M. tuberculosiscomplex (MTC)-specific real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and mycobacterial genus-specific qPCR for overall presence of mycobacteria or mycobacterial DNA including bacteria or DNA of closely related genera, respectively, in 14 elephants. Neither bacteria of the MTC nor their DNA were identified in any of the elephants. Yet, 25% of the cultures grew non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or closely related bacterial species. Furthermore, 85% of the samples contained DNA of NTM or closely related bacterial genera. This finding might explain continued false-positive results from various serological tests. From a zoonotic point of view, bronchoalveolar lavage is safer for the testing personal, has higher probability of capturing MTC and, through PCR, identifies DNA NTM in elephants. Yet, necessary endoscopic equipment, animal sedation and access to a TB reference laboratory might pose challenging requirements in remote conditions in some elephant range countries.

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16

Nguyen, Luan Thanh. "APPLICATION OF COMPARATIVE GENOME IN AQUACULTURE DISEASES DIAGNOSIS." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 40 (December 30, 2020): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.40.2020.629.

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The sustainability of aquaculture industry is critical both for global food security and economic welfare. However, the massive wealth of pathogenic bacteria poses a key challenge to the development of a sustainable bio-control method. Recent advances in genome sequencing study combined with pan-genome analysis can be an efficacious management applied to numerous aquatic pathogens. Thus, routine comparative genome analyses of aquatic pathogens will deduce the phylogenomic diversity and possible evolutionary trendsof aquatic bacterial pathogen strains, elucidate the mechanisms of pathogenesis, as well as estimate patterns of pathogen transmission across epidemiological scales. This study also reviews comparative pan-genome analysis with a particular focus on controlling aquatic diseases, especially for: (i) re-identifying the previously misidentified strain with high accuracy and discovering novel isolates that may be associated with high rateof fish mortalities, (ii) developing routine pan-PCR based on highly informative identified genetic targets that are capable of distinguishing all the clinical isolates, and finally (iii) studying the multivalent vaccine following reverse vaccinology towards the prevention of numerous aquatic animal diseases.

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17

Speare, D. J., R. J. F. Markham, B. Despres, K. Whitman, and N. MacNair. "Examination of Gills from Salmonids with Bacterial Gill Disease using Monoclonal Antibody Probes for Flavobacterium Branchiophilum and Cytophaga Columnaris." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7, no. 4 (October 1995): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700413.

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Bacterial diseases of the gills of commercially reared salmonids in freshwater are common problems. They accounted for 18% of all diagnostic submissions to the Atlantic Veterinary College from commercial fish hatcheries. Definitive diagnosis is difficult because of the growth characteristics of the putative bacteria in culture. Research into the pathogenesis of these diseases has also been similarly limited. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed to 2 globally significant gill bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, the causative agent of bacterial gill disease, and Cytophaga columnaris, the causative agent of columnar-is disease of salmonids. These MAbs were then used as the basis for an indirect fluorescent antibody test to assess archived cases of gill disease in our region. Flavobacterium branchiophilum was the dominant bacterium detected in the biofilm of diseased gills in our study region. Of the cases tentatively diagnosed based on histopathology as bacterial gill disease, 76.2% tested positively with the MAbs to F. branchiophilum. Also present within 18.7% of these cases were bacteria which reacted positively to the MAbs for C. columnaris. We conclude that the MAbs produced are valuable diagnostic and research probes for common bacterial diseases of the gills of salmon and trout in Atlantic Canada. This study also adds further proof that F. branchiophilum acting alone can be sufficient cause for bacterial gill disease.

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18

Maillet, M., T. De Broucker, A. Mailles, P. Bouzat, and J. P. Stahl. "Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration and bacterial encephalitis diagnosis." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 48, no. 6 (September 2018): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2018.05.003.

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19

Ashkenazi, S., and L. K. Pickering. "Pathogenesis and diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 8, no. 3 (March 1989): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01965261.

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20

Orlova, N. V., and T. G. Suranova. "Acute respiratory diseases: progression features, pharmaceutical therapy." Medical Council, no. 15 (October 12, 2018): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-15-82-88.

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Acute respiratory diseases (ARD) are widespread diseases and are of great social importance. Diagnosis of acute respiratory infections implies the damage to the respiratory system caused by a wide range of pathogens. Among the pathogens of acute respiratory infections are viruses of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) group, including influenza, as well as fungal and bacterial pathogens, which include intracellular bacteria: mycoplasma and chlamydia. Diseases caused by intracellular pathogens are treated by antibacterial drugs that can easily penetrate the cells and create there high concentrations.

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21

Tyshkivska, N., V. Lyasota, A. Tyshkivska, N. Bukalova, and N. Bogatko. "Monitoring and diagnosis of poultry bacterial diseases in poultry farms of the Kyiv region." Naukovij vìsnik veterinarnoï medicini, no. 1(154) (May 21, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2020-154-1-47-53.

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Bacterial safety in the modern poultry industry plays a key role and is one of the key factors in production eﬃ ciency. In the structure of poultry infectious pathology, the leading place is occupied by such bacteria as Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus cecorum, Staphylococcus aureus, Gallibacterium anatis. The results of studies of samples of pathological material obtained from a sick bird are presented that indicate that most often Escherichia coli cultures were isolated from the heart (41,5 %), liver (22,0 %) and lungs (20,7 %), less often spleen (5,2 %) and kidney (2,0 %). Most isolated cultures of Escherichia coli (78 %) caused hemolysis when plating material on blood agar. The largest number of pathogenic cultures of Escherichia coli was isolated from adult chickens, signiﬁ cantly fewer chickens under the age of 20 days. The associated course of bacterioses caused by two or more pathogens was noted in 89,8 % of cases. In 38,5 % of cases, Escherichia coli, bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus and Gallibacterium anatis were isolated from pathological material, in 27,3 % – a joint course of escherichiosis, staphylococcosis and enterobacteriosis was noted, in 15,7 % – escherichiosis, salmonellosis and enterobacteriosis, in 8,3 % – pasteurellosis and enterobacteriosis. In 13,2 % of cases with pathological material from chickens (liver, joints, in chickens – blind processes of the intestine) Clostridium perfringens was isolated. Three species of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus were identiﬁ ed: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus pluranimalium (51,7 % from the liver, 21,7 from the lungs, 18,3 from the spleen, 5,0 % from the kidneys). Enterococcus cecorum was identiﬁ ed in 11,32 % of the studied samples from cloacal swabs, oviducts and bone marrow, and Gallibacterium anatis was identiﬁ ed in 11,32 % (from the upper respiratory tract and genitals). Key words: poultry farms, monitoring, bacterial infection, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus pluranimalium, Enterococcus cecorum, Clostridium perfringens, Gallibacterium anatis.

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22

Wiedermann, Franz J., Petra Innerhofer, Josef Margreiter, Dietmar Fuchs, and Wolfgang Schobersberger. "Procalcitonin and Neopterin in Infectious Diseases." Pteridines 10, no. 3 (August 1999): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.1999.10.3.125.

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Summary Procalcitonin, a new inflammation parameter, has been shown to be markedly increased in patients with severe bacterial and parasitic infections, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. In contrast, in severe viral infections or inflammatory reactions of non-infectious origin (e.g. toxic acute respiratory distress syndrome or toxic pancreatitis) as well as in autoimmune disorders, there is little or moderate increase of procalcitonin serum levels. Therefore procalcitonin may be used for diHerential diagnosis of bacterial versus non-bacterial inflammation. Furthermore, procaicitonin correlates with the severity of infection and sepsis and it is considered to be a valid parameter t()r monitoring both the severity and the course of sepsis and multiple organ failure as well as the success of surgical and intensive therapy in critically ill patients. Neopterin production is closely associated with activation of the cellular immune system. High neopterin levels are found in several inflamlnatory diseases and certain malignancies. Neopterin measurements are useful for monitoring allograft recipients to detect immunological complications. In autoimmune diseases, neopterin concentrations reflect the extent and activity of disease. In infectious diseases, neopterin helps in the differential diagnosis of acute viral and bacterial infections and provides prognostic information in human immunodeficiency virus disease and in patients with multiple trauma and sepsis. In this article the clinical application of procalcitonin and neopterin in infectious diseases is reviewed, and special emphasis is given to clinical situations in which the combined determination of both parameters, neoprerin and procalcitonin, is able to suppon ditkrential diagnosis.

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23

Costa, Arthur Roberto da, Roberta Torres Chideroli, Larissa Melo Chicoski, Diego Candido de Abreu, Leonardo Mantovani Favero, Natália Amoroso Ferrari, Raffaella Menegheti Mainardi, Vanessa Gomes da Silva, and Ulisses Padua Pereira. "Frequency of pathogens in routine bacteriological diagnosis in fish and their antimicrobial resistance." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 6 (August 12, 2021): 3259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3259.

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Aquaculture is one of the sectors of animal husbandry with the fastest growth rate. However, the increase in the sector’s production chain without proper management can result in factors that favor the development of diseases, especially infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Many factors, such as agriculture or industry resides, improper use of antibiotics in animals or humans, have contributed to increased environmental pressure and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while residues from these drugs can remain in the carcasses and in water a risk to public and environmental health. From that, we identified the bacterial genus/species and their bacterial resistance to antibiotics from samples received from fish disease outbreaks for bacteriosis diagnosis between January 2017 and October 2020. Isolated bacteria were subjected to the Kirby and Bauer sensitivity test for five classes of antibiotics (penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, and tetracyclines). Of the 181 analyzed outbreaks, 232 bacteria were isolated, including Streptococcus spp., Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Chromobacterium violaceum, Flavobacterium spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Vibrio spp., Enterobacter spp., Chryseobacterium meningosepticum. Of the 232 bacteria, 40 strains were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR), with Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas spp., and Edwardsiella spp. representing more than half of this number (22/total). With several bacteria demonstrating resistance to Brazilian aquaculture-legalized drugs (tetracycline and florfenicol), it is mandatory to research, not only for alternatives to the use of antibiotics, but also for other drugs effective against the main circulating bacterial pathogens. In addition, vigilance over the occurrence of resistant bacteria is necessary, considering the appearance of zoonotic bacteria with multi-resistant characteristics, becoming a public health concern.

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24

Sippel, J. E., N. I. Girgis, M. E. Kilpatrick, and Z. Farid. "Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85 (January 1991): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90332-s.

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25

Hasan, AKM Rakibul, MH Ali, MP Siddique, MM Rahman, and MA Islam. "CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSES OF COMMON BACTERIAL DISEASES OF BROILER AND LAYER CHICKENS." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2012): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11188.

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The study was undertaken with a view to compare clinical and laboratory diagnoses of various bacterial diseases of poultry during the period from March 2009 to February 2010 in the laboratory of the Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. A total of 135 sick and dead chickens (47 broilers and 88 layers) were collected from 12 different poultry farms (4 broilers and 8 layers) of Mymensingh and Gazipur districts which were subjected for clinical followed by laboratory diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical history, clinical signs and postmortem findings of the affected birds whereas; confirmatory diagnosis was made by using cultural examination, Grams staining and different biochemical tests. In this study, out of 47 broilers, 16 (34%) chickens were clinically diagnosed as colibacillosis, 11 (23.40%) as salmonellosis and 2 (4.25%) as fowl cholera. In the same way, out of 88 layer chickens, 28 (31.82%) were diagnosed as colibacillosis, 16 (18.18%) as salmonellosis and 11 (12.50%) as fowl cholera. In laboratory, out of 47 suspected broiler chickens, 12 (25.53%) chickens were diagnosed as colibacillosis, 7 (14.89%) as salmonellosis and 0 (0%) as fowl cholera. Correspondingly of the 88 layer chickens 22 (25%) were diagnosed as colibacillosis, 11 (13.64%) as salmonellosis and 8 (9.09%) as fowl cholera. So the findings concluded that clinical diagnosis is not always accurate like laboratory diagnosis because in most cases clinical history, clinical signs and post-mortem lesions of different bacterial diseases including mixed infections are almost similar to other related diseases and it is recommended to confirm laboratory diagnosis before treatment of the diseases.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11188 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 107-115

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26

Numanovic, Nedzib, Snezana Ribis, Jelena Cukic, Dane Nenadic, Aleksandar Zivanovic, Predrag Sazdanovic, Violeta Ninkovic, and Dejan Baskic. "Quantification of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Lactobacillus spp. in bacterial vaginosis." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 1293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13091.

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Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate prevalence of bacteria most frequently associated with bacterial vaginosis using Amsel’s criteria as well as to quantify these bacteria by real-time PCR and to explore the difference in their quantity between healthy and bacterial vaginosis samples. Methodology: For classification of vaginal discharge samples Amsel’s criteria have been used. To detect and quantify Gardnerella vaginalis Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus spp. and total vaginal microbiome, real-time PCR has been applied. Results: According to results of our study Amsel’s criteria matched well with real-time PCR diversification of healthy women and women with BV. Nevertheless, real-time PCR has been more sensitive in diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. DNA quantification of bacteria demonstrated that mutual abundance of G.vaginalis and A. vaginae was good bacterial vaginosis marker . On the contrary, Lactobacillus spp. was present in high amount in both healthy and bacterial vaginosis samples, but ratio of investigated bacteria was different between them. In fact, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae comprised only 0.1% of total microbiome in healthy, whereas Lactobacillus spp. took 99.3% of it. Nonetheless, in bacterial vaginosis, G. vaginalis and A. vaginae made up 34.4% of total microbiome, while Lactobacillus spp. was 21.6%. Conclusions: According to the results of our study real-time PCR analysis was more sensitive in diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis than Amsel’s method, as well as it represented fine tool in making a difference between microbial entities in healthy and bacterial vaginosis samples.

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27

Tadesse Demissie, Yitagesu. "Diagnosis of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Based on Symptom & Sign." American Journal of Plant Biology 4, no. 4 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20190404.12.

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28

Brouqui, P., F. Bacellar, G. Baranton, R. J. Birtles, A. Bjoërsdorff, J. R. Blanco, G. Caruso, et al. "Guidelines for the diagnosis of tick-borne bacterial diseases in Europe." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 10, no. 12 (December 2004): 1108–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01019.x.

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29

Roux, Veronique, and Didier Raoult. "Body Lice as Tools for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Reemerging Diseases." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.596-599.1999.

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Body lice are vectors of three bacteria which cause human disease:Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus;Bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever; andBorrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever. A recrudescence of body lice is being observed as the numbers of individuals living under social conditions which predispose individuals to infestation have increased. Because this phenomenon may lead to the reemergence of infections transmitted by body lice, we aimed to assess the occurrence and prevalence of the three agents described above in more than 600 body lice collected from infested individuals in the African countries of Congo, Zimbabwe, and Burundi, in France, in Russia, and in Peru. The presence of the three bacteria in each louse was determined by specific PCR amplification, and the identities of the organisms detected were confirmed by determination of the nucleotide base sequences of the amplification products. Using this approach, we were able to confirm the presence of R. prowazekii in lice collected from refugees in Burundi, among whom typhus was epidemic, and the presence of B. quintana in lice collected from all locations except the Congo. B. recurrentis was never found. Molecular approaches are convenient tools for the detection and identification of bacterial DNA in body lice and for the epidemiological study of louse-borne bacteria from countries where no medical and biological laboratory facilities are available.

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30

Xu, Hui, Fang Lv, and Xian Mei Yue. "Discussion on Sunflower Leaf Disease Diagnosis Based on Imaging Identification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 1202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.1202.

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This paper focused on three common diseases, respectively, bacterial leaf spot, black spot and downy mildew as research targets, developed and designed a system to diagnose leaf diseases of sunflowers based on image identification. The system used MATLAB as platform and developed the system by utilizing GUI tool kit. Passing several tests, the system was believed to be able to identify three types of sunflower diseases effectively, respectively, bacterial leaf spot, black spot and downy mildew. The results basically met the requirements set before the design of this system.

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31

Singh, Ravesh, Veron Ramsuran, Nireshni Mitchev, Abraham Johannes Niehaus, Khine Swe Swe Han, Farzana Osman, Sinaye Ngcapu, et al. "Assessing a diagnosis tool for bacterial vaginosis." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 39, no. 8 (March 20, 2020): 1481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03862-3.

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32

Schreckenberger, Paul C. "Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by gram-strained smears." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 14, no. 16 (August 1992): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(92)90075-k.

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33

Gray, L. D., and D. P. Fedorko. "Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5, no. 2 (1992): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.5.2.130-145.1992.

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34

Verstraelen, H., and A. Swidsinski. "P1.026 Validity of Urine-Based Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A81.3—A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0247.

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35

Winterbauer, R. H. "Diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia with fiberoptic bronchoscopy." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology 4, no. 2 (April 1985): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02013570.

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36

Belov, B. S., G. M. Tarasova, and N. V. Muravyeva. "Role of biomarkers in the diagnosis of bacterial infections in rheumatic diseases." Rheumatology Science and Practice 57, no. 3 (July 11, 2019): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2019-333-338.

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In modern rheumatology, the problem of differential diagnosis of bacterial infection and active rheumatic process still retains its relevance. At the same time, it is very important to search for a biomarker - the gold standard for the diagnosis of an infection in patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) in order to rapidly determine a treatment policy. This review analyzes the diagnostic significance and possibility of using some laboratory markers for bacterial infections in modern rheumatology. It emphasizes the importance of a multimarker approach that allows increasing the significance of individual parameters in the diagnosis of infections in RD.

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37

Brouwer, Matthijs C., Allan R. Tunkel, and Diederik van de Beek. "Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 23, no. 3 (July 2010): 467–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00070-09.

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SUMMARY The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.

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Lee, Hyun Woo, Seung Beom Han, and Jung-Woo Rhim. "1149. Application of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Diagnosing Bacterial Enteritis in Children in a Real-Life Clinical Setting." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1342.

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Abstract Background Although a bacterial multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) test should be performed selectively in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with bacterial enteritis, its usefulness has been evaluated upon stool samples as requested by clinicians, without considering the patients’ gastrointestinal symptoms or clinical diagnoses. This study aimed to determine the subjects to bacterial mPCR testing and to interpret the mPCR test results with considering patients’ clinical symptoms and diagnoses. Methods Medical records of 710 pediatric patients for whom a bacterial mPCR test was performed were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics and mPCR test results were compared between patients with positive mPCR test results (n = 199) and those with negative mPCR test results (n = 511) and between patients in whom inflammatory pathogens (Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp.) were identified (n = 95) and those in whom toxigenic pathogens (Clostridium spp.) were identified (n = 70). Results A positive mPCR test result was significantly associated with an older age (p < 0.001), diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (p = 0.021), presence of hematochezia (p < 0.001), and absence of cough (p = 0.004). The diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis (p = 0.003), presence of fever (p = 0.027) and diarrhea (p = 0.043), and a higher C-reactive protein level (p = 0.025) were significantly associated with the identification of inflammatory pathogens rather than toxigenic pathogens in patients with positive mPCR test results. Conclusion Bacterial mPCR testing should be performed selectively based on patients’ clinical symptoms and diagnoses, and its results should be interpreted with considering identified pathogens. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Xiang, Lingchao, Ozioma Udochukwu Akakuru, Chen Xu, and Aiguo Wu. "Harnessing the Intriguing Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Detect and Treat Bacterial Infections." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7080112.

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Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria, have become a serious worldwide public health problem. Early diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent the adverse effects of such infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective methods for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of diseases that are caused by bacterial infections. So far, magnetic material nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection and treatment of bacterial infections as detection agents and therapeutics. Therefore, this review describes the recent research on MNPs in bacterial detection and treatment. Finally, a brief discussion of challenges and perspectives in this field is provided, which is expected to guide the further development of MNPs for bacterial detection and treatment.

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Senescau, Alice, Tatiana Kempowsky, Elodie Bernard, Sylvain Messier, Philippe Besse, Richard Fabre, and Jean François. "Innovative DendrisChips® Technology for a Syndromic Approach of In Vitro Diagnosis: Application to the Respiratory Infectious Diseases." Diagnostics 8, no. 4 (November 11, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics8040077.

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Clinical microbiology is experiencing the emergence of the syndromic approach of diagnosis. This paradigm shift will require innovative technologies to detect rapidly, and in a single sample, multiple pathogens associated with an infectious disease. Here, we report on a multiplex technology based on DNA-microarray that allows detecting and discriminating 11 bacteria implicated in respiratory tract infection. The process requires a PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rDNA, a 30 min hybridization step on species-specific oligoprobes covalently linked on dendrimers coated glass slides (DendriChips®) and a reading of the slides by a dedicated laser scanner. A diagnostic result is delivered in about 4 h as a predictive value of presence/absence of pathogens using a decision algorithm based on machine-learning method, which was constructed from hybridization profiles of known bacterial and clinical isolated samples and which can be regularly enriched with hybridization profiles from clinical samples. We demonstrated that our technology converged in more than 95% of cases with the microbiological culture for bacteria detection and identification.

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GIADINIS (Ν.Δ. ΓΙΑΔΙΝΗΣ), N. D., Z. S. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ), and G. C. FTHENAKIS (Γ.Χ. ΦΘΕΝΑΚΗΣ). "Differential diagnosis of neurological diseases of small ruminants." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 64, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15507.

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Objective of the present review is the description of diagnostic approach in neurological cases in small ruminants. To improve description purposes in the present paper, neurological disorders of small ruminants are classified as follows: (a) congenital neurological disorders (vitamin A deficiency, copper deficiency, disorders of viral aetiology [including border disease and Schmallenberg disease], disorders with a genetic background), (b) acquired neurological disorders with an acute course (acute coenurosis, Aujeszky’s disease, bacterial meningoencephalitis, botulism, copper deficiency, copper poisoning, disorders following injury, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, listeriosis, louping-ill, rare disorders of parasitic aetiology, pregnancy toxaemia, rabies, tetanus, tick paralysis, toxicoses, type D enterotoxaemia, vitamin B1 deficiency) and (c) acquired neurological disorders with a long-standing course (caprine arthritis-encephalitis, central nervous system abscesses, chronic coenurosis, neoplastic disorders, ovine lentiviral encephalomyelitis, scrapie).

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Pereira, Paula R., Ronaldo M. Bianchi, Márcia E. Hammerschmitt, Raquel A. S. Cruz, Kivia L. Hesse, Luciana Sonne, Saulo P. Pavarini, and David Driemeier. "Primary skin diseases and cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases in swine." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40, no. 8 (August 2020): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6704.

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ABSTRACT: Skin diseases in pigs can negatively impact the production. They cause losses related to the death of the affected pigs, to the cost with the treatment, growth retardation and condemnations in the slaughterhouses. This study was developed to determine the frequency and describe the histopathological findings of skin diseases in pigs in different age groups through a retrospective study from 2006 to 2018. A total of 154 conclusive cases were analyzed, including skin restricted diseases (allergic dermatitis, exudative epidermitis, vesicular dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, swinepox, follicular cyst, papilloma and scrotal hemangioma) or skin lesions secondary to systemic diseases (erysipelas, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), bacterial septicemia and multiple hemorrhages without definite cause). The skin lesions were classified as bacterial (46.1%), viral (26.6%), allergic (12.3%), neoplastic (1.3%) and others (13.6%). Swine erysipelas was the most frequent diagnosis (47/154), followed by PDNS (23/154), allergic dermatitis (19/154) and exudative epidermitis (15/154). Vesicular dermatitis (9/154), pityriasis rosea (9/154), septicemia with cutaneous manifestations (9/154), swinepox (9/154) and multiple hemorrhages without definite cause (7/154) were also observed. Follicular cyst (3/154), hyperkeratosis without definite cause (2/154), papilloma (1/154), and scrotal hemangioma (1/154) were less frequently described. Of the conclusive diagnosis, age was reported in 138 cases, with the highest frequency of skin lesions observed at the inspection process during slaughter (56/138).

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Jacques, Mario, Virginia Aragon, and Yannick D. N. Tremblay. "Biofilm formation in bacterial pathogens of veterinary importance." Animal Health Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (October 25, 2010): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252310000149.

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AbstractBacterial biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that is attached to a surface. Biofilms protect and allow bacteria to survive and thrive in hostile environments. Bacteria within biofilms can withstand host immune responses, and are much less susceptible to antibiotics and disinfectants when compared with their planktonic counterparts. The ability to form biofilms is now considered a universal attribute of micro-organisms. Diseases associated with biofilms require novel methods for their prevention, diagnosis and treatment; this is largely due to the properties of biofilms. Surprisingly, biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens of veterinary importance has received relatively little attention. Here, we review the current knowledge of bacterial biofilms as well as studies performed on animal pathogens.

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Tuomanen, Elaine. "Advances in the diagnosis and management of bacterial meningitis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 3, no. 5 (October 1990): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199010000-00003.

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Kaplan, Sheldon L. "CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, DIAGNOSIS, AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70095-7.

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LaScolea, Leonard J. "Diagnosis of pediatric infections using bacterial antigen detection systems." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 10, no. 3 (February 1988): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-4399(88)90021-9.

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Loonen, A. J. M., P. F. G. Wolffs, C. A. Bruggeman, and A. J. C. van den Brule. "Developments for improved diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 33, no. 10 (May 22, 2014): 1687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-014-2153-4.

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Verstraelen, Hans, and Rita Verhelst. "Bacterial vaginosis: an update on diagnosis and treatment." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 7, no. 9 (November 2009): 1109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.09.87.

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Larsson, P.-G. "Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: need for validation of microscopic image area used for scoring bacterial morphotypes." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2003.006106.

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Manandhar, Chetana, Suraj Baidya, Shrinkhala Manandhar, Bimala Pant, and Baidhya N. Mahto. "Plant Disease Diagnosis on Vegetable Crops from Different Locations of the Country." Journal of the Plant Protection Society 5 (December 31, 2018): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpps.v5i0.47121.

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Diseases are one of the major constraints on cultivation of crops and reduce production and productivity. Accurate disease diagnosis and proper identification is the first steps of disease management strategy. The activities of carrying out disease diagnosis help to know the distribution of the diseases in the country, explore new disease outbreak and its epidemiology, and provide information for disease management and support in research area prioritization. During fiscal year 2070/71, 252 different disease samples of different vegetable crops were received from various locations and sources for disease diagnosis. Examination of such samples identified 192 samples with fungal infection, 23 with bacterial infection, 28 with viral infection and 9 with nematode infection. In solanaceous crops, 70% disease caused by fungus and 11% by bacteria, 14% by virus and 5% by nematodes respectively. Likewise, in cucurbit crops, occurrence of pathogens is 61% fungal, 26% viral and 13% nematode respectively. The fugal pathogens were dominant in case of crucifer crops as well. The fungal pathogens were found in 79% of samples and followed by bacterial in 14% and viral in 7% respectively. Only fungal pathogen was detected in bulb and root crops. Fungal pathogens (76%) are the common problem in vegetable crops by followed by bacteria (9%) and virus pathogens (11%) and nematode (4%). The study revealed that management of fungal disease is prime concern to minimize the losses due to disease.

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