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Journal articles on the topic 'Bacterial diseases in fishes'
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1
Jeremic, Svetlana, Vladimir Radosavljevic, and Dobrila Jakic-Dimic. "Current bacterial diseases of fresh water fishes." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 21, no. 3-4 (2005): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0504141j.
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From the beginning of fish cultivation, diseases have appeared as a serious problem in this branch of agriculture. In recent years, by the intensifying of production, fish diseases have become even more significant and complex field. Bacterial diseases are constant threat for fish farming, and because of rapid course and severity of clinical manifestations the represent significant part of fish pathology, and also have great economical importance. Harmful effects of bacterial diseases on fishes are: increased morbidity and mortality rate, decreased feed conversion efficiency, decreased growth rates, weakening of fishes, and reproduction problems. In order to examine epizootiological situation and occurrence of bacterial diseases among cultured fish in Serbia, three year research was carried out in 7 carp farms and 3 rainbow trout farms. Also, regular systematic examinations were conducted. Samples of internal organs, skin and gills were inoculated with streak-plate technique on standard and differential culture media plates. Inoculated plates were incubated for 24-48 hours at 20?C and 30?C. After incubation period, colonies were examined, and determination was done on the basis of following characteristics of colonies: form, color, mucosity granulation, roughness and hemolytic properties. Determination of bacterial isolates was done by using API 20E, API rapid. API Coryne systems, and by agglutination method with hyper immune aera. The most frequent diseases among the farmed carp and rainbow trout populations in the examined fish farms were: Bacterial gill disease, Columnaris disease. Yersiniosis Renibacteriosis, Erythrodermatitis. Motile Aeromonas and Pseudomonas infections. Based on the obtained results, modern diagnostic methods were implemented and proper prevention and successful therapy was taken.
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Patel, Ajay. "Fungal Diseases of Fish: A Review." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 3 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000164.
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Now a day, fishes are used for biomedical researches along with use as a food also. Chemical contaminants of marine environments are of momentous concern. Similar to other flora and fauna, fish can also be ill with various types of diseases. Freshwater fishes are an important protein source for people of many countries. Fish farming in various parts of the world has increased many folds in the last decade. Bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia, lernaeasis, saprolegniasis and anoxia are the most frequently occurring fish diseases in pond fishes. Fungal infections are among the most general diseases seen in temperate fish. Water moulds infections cause losses of freshwater fishes and their eggs in both natural and commercial fish farms. Although, infection as a result of microbial contamination does not frequently result in disease but ecological stress may upset the balance between the probable pathogens and their hosts. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Most infe ctions can be successfully treated if caught early.
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Purohit, Ritu, and Shouriehebal Soni. "Isolation and Identification of Vibrio sp. from Marine Fishes of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 15 (July 9, 2024): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154233.
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Vibrio is a common bacterium found in marine fishes. Vibrio species are pathogenic to humans and cause various gastrointestinal diseases. Fish markets, fish harvesting areas, vectors like flies, seawater and sometimes fresh water bodies are the source of spread of this bacterium. Improper handling or pathogen contamination during transit has an impact not only on human health but also on the population of marine fish. Vibrio is known to be a human pathogen, the onset and spread of this bacterium causes severe diarrhoea. In this study, the presence of Vibrio species in marine water fishes was determined from fishes collected from various fish markets in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Various biochemical tests were performed to isolate and identify the Vibrio species. In the family Vibrionaceae three species such as Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were identified. Additionally, a survey was conducted using google forms to understand the consumption rate of fish by people and also to gauge the awareness among public about the bacterial disease caused by consumption of fishes. It was observed that a large number of individuals consumed various types of fishes including marine and freshwater fishes on a regular basis. People also consume raw fish delicacies. However, very few individuals were aware of the bacteria and its related diseases, most of the participants were unaware of the presence of bacteria like Vibrio cholera and its associated diseases.
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Izadi, Faeze, and Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah. "An Overview of Furunculosis." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 6 (June 2022): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1507.
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The aquaculture industry is currently growing faster than other sectors of human protein production. However, every year, diseases inflict irreparable damage on this growing industry, which inevitably uses antibiotics. In the last two decades, vaccination as a preventive method against various bacterial pathogens in the aquatic industry Cultivation known and has reduced the use of antibiotics. Fish diseases can be caused by several factors, one of which is bacteria. Furunculosis, the most destructive bacterial disease of fish, is now almost distributed worldwide. Furunculosis is a debilitating and deadly disease that affects numerous species of breeding fishes.
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A, Djimasde, Ryad Khalil, Talaat Atalla, Hany latif, and Mahmoud Tanekhy. "Studies on Relationship Between Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Some Freshwater Fish." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 74, no. 1 (2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.29784.
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This study aimed to, spotlight on, isolation and identification of the most common Bacterial and systemic Mycotic agent from cultured Oreochromis niloticus, study the incidence, prevalence and organs distributions of the isolated Bacteria and Fungi among the examined diseased fish, investigated the effect of different water quality parameters on the incidence such etiological agents and relationship studies between Bacterial and Mycotic diseases in examined fish. A total number of 100 diseased O. niloticus that, weighed 80 ±mg and 18 ± 0.2 cm in length were randomly collected from earthen ponds in Alexandria private cultured freshwater farms in January 2021. A bacteriological analysis of naturally 400 samples isolated from 100 infected fishes confirmed 400 positive samples and mycological analysis of 400 samples confirmed 214 positive samples. Morphologically, isolated bacteria were Gram –ve represented by Pseudomonas fluorescence, Schwenellea spp, Pseudomonas putediae, Pseudomonas aeruoginosa and Gram +ve bacteria represented by Streptococcus agalactia. Fungal isolates are represented by Aspergillus niger, Asp. flavus, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. parasiticus, Geotrichum spp., Candida spp. and Torulopsis spp. Combination between bacteria and fungi in fish ponds agreviates the morbidity and mortality rates.
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Mawa, Jannatul, Anupoma Achariya, Sarker Mohammed Ibrahim, Md Zobayer Rahman, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Shamima Nasren, and M. M. Mahbub Alam. "Molecular-Biochemical Identification and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Diseased Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius, Hamilton 1822) in Biofloc Aquaculture." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (April 10, 2024): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1304.009.
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Biofloc technology has shown more production compared to the conventional fish culture but disease outbreaks have been seen to impede productivity. To identify pathogenic bacteria from diseased Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius), using molecular, and biochemical techniques and to find out effective antibiotics. Bacterial samples from diseased fishes were cultured on nutrient agar and Rimler-Shotts (R-S) media. Various Biochemical tests like Gram’s Staining, Triple Sugar Iron test, Catalase test, Motility test, Carbohydrate Fermentation test, Indole test, Methylred and Voges-Proskaur (MR-VP) test were performed. Sensitivity of isolated bacteria was tested against 15 commercially available antibiotics. Colony Characteristics from both nutrient agar and R-S media and the results of biochemical tests indicated that the suspected pathogens were Aeromonas spp. The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequence (1410 bp) from M. cavasius confirmed that the isolated bacteria was Aeromonas veronii which showed 99.93% similarity with the complete genome of A. veronii (GenBank Accession number CP034967.1). Distinct clinical sings in the gill, kidney, spleen, and skin of M. cavasius were reliable indicators of bacterial pathogenicity. Among tested 15 antibiotics Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin were found more effective against A. veronii. The findings of this research will be helpful to identify specific bacteria and to control bacterial diseases of M. cavasius.
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Mandal, Ram B., and Sarada Paudel. "Bacterial and Crustacean Diseases Reported from Fishes Cultured in Ponds of Begnas, Pokhara, Nepal." ZOO-Journal 5 (December 31, 2019): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/zooj.v5i0.34785.
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Present study surveyed fish diseases in ponds of Begnas area in Pokhara Valley, Nepal. The fishes were collected with the help of the local fishermen and were examined under compound microscope in the laboratory of Pokhara Fisheries Research Centre, Begnas. Two fish diseases, Tail rot and Arugulosis were reported of which later was dominant.
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Shrestha, S. P., P. Bajracharya, A. Rayamajhi, and S. P. Shrestha. "Study on Status of Fish Diseases in Nepal." Nepalese Veterinary Journal 36 (December 1, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27750.
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Fisheries play an important role in increasing the Nepalese economy as well as sustaining livelihood of some ethnic groups of our country. With the increased demand of fish, pisciculture have also increased to a great extend. Due to the rise in fish culture, there has been also rise in fish diseases. The study aims to investigate different parasitic, bacterial, fungal diseases in fish and to suggest treatment to control the diseases in four different fish farm of Nepal. A cross- sectional qualitative method was used to collect data from four selected fish farm (Kakani, Trishuli, Begnas, Mirmi) of Nepal. Infected fishes were transferred to the lab in oxygen filled plastic bags and further tested for bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection. The result of the study indicates that Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome was the most common bacterial-fungal disease that had a significant impact on common carp fish especially in Trishuli, Begnas and Mirmi. Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp was found to be a growing problem in rainbow trout farming (Kakani, Nuwakot) infecting intestine, liver, gut and skin causing yellow diarrhea and skin lesions. Trichodina was observed number one problematic parasitic in carp culture not only in government farm like Begnas and Mirmi, but also in commercial farms in most of the fishery areas of the country. Fin rot were more commonly reported during winter months affecting common carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Fingerling Fish causing fin erosion in them. Ascites in brood fishes (Trishuli) was noticed which may be due to bacterial infection and due to nutritional deficiency. Besides this, white spot in the gills (a protozoan parasitic disease) was perceived and to control it Neodox with Formalin (150ppm) was used and was found to be very effective. This study also identified some fish health management related problems in fish farms of Nepal such as lack of assistance, poor technical knowledge, and lack of suitable diagnostic laboratory and their proper use.
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Monir, Md Shirajum, Shuvho Chakra Borty, Nazneen Bagum, Md Khalilur Rahman, Md Alimul Islam, and Yahia Mahmud. "Identification of pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased stinging catfish, Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) cultured in greater Mymensingh, Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajbb.v1i1.61544.
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Stinging catfish, Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) is been cultured in Bangladesh which is one of the most popular and highly valuable fish species. A total of 120 diseased H. fossilis were collected from twenty five fish farms in greater Mymensingh region, Bangladesh between November 2013 to February 2014. Remarkable clinical symptoms of the affected fishes were loss of equilibrium and, erosions at the bases of fins and tail, hemorrhages and skin lesions on body surface, profuse mucous secretion and congestion along with enlargement of most of the internal organs. Three different kinds of selective media were used for the isolation of total population of bacteria from the affected fishes. A number of biochemical tests were performed for the identification of the isolated bacteria. Commercially available panel of antibiotics were used for the determination of sensitivity of the isolated bacteria. A total of 85 bacterial strains were isolated and the isolated were Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. sobria, Pseudomonas angulliseptica, P. fluorescens and Vibrio anguillarum. Aeromonas spp. appeared to be the main pathogen in the diseased fishes. Among the isolated spp of bacteria distribution of Aeromonas species was as follows: A. hydrophila 34 (40.00%), A. salmonicida 14 (16.47%), A. sobria 8 (9.41%) as well as 5 (5.88%) unidentified Aeromons strains. The other isolated of Pseudomonas anguliseptica, P. fluorescens, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio spp were distributed as 12 (14.11%), 4 (4.70%), 3 (3.52%) and 5 (5.88%), respectively in infected H. fossilis. However, results of antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all the bacterial isolates of H. fossilis were found more or less resistant to all most all the antibiotics with the exception of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacinn which were found highly sensitivity against all the strains of Aeromonass pp. and other species of bacteria. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 116-124
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Noor El-Deen, Ahmad, Alaa Abubryka, and Attia Abou Zaid . "Filed Studies on The most Prevailing Bacterial Diseases Affecting Some Cultured Marine Fishes Egypt." Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 54, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejvs.2022.160982.1393.
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Miranda, Claudio D., Christopher Concha, Luz Hurtado, Rocío Urtubia, Rodrigo Rojas, and Jaime Romero. "Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Intestinal Contents of Wild Marine Fish in Chile." Antibiotics 13, no. 4 (April 5, 2024): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040332.
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Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from the intestinal contents of wild fish may have a relevant ecological significance and could be used as indicators of antimicrobial-resistance dissemination in natural bacterial populations in water bodies impacted by urban contamination. Thus, the occurrence of ARB in the intestinal contents of pelagic and demersal wild fishes captured in anthropogenic-impacted Coquimbo Bay in Chile was studied. Culturable counts of total and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were determined by a spread plate method using Trypticase soy agar and R2A media, both alone and supplemented with the antimicrobials amoxicillin, streptomycin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Heterotrophic plate counts of pelagic and demersal fishes ranged from 1.72 × 106 CFU g−1 to 3.62 × 109 CFU g−1, showing variable proportions of antimicrobial resistance. Representative antimicrobial-resistant isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and isolates (74) from pelagic fishes mainly belonged to Pseudomonas (50.0%) and Shewanella (17.6%) genera, whereas isolates (68) from demersal fishes mainly belonged to Vibrio (33.8%) and Pseudomonas (26.5%) genera. Antimicrobial-resistant isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by an agar disk diffusion method, showing highest resistance to streptomycin (85.2%) and amoxicillin (64.8%), and lowest resistance to oxytetracycline (23.2%) and ciprofloxacin (0.7%). Only furazolidone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were statistically different (p < 0.05) in comparisons between isolates from pelagic and demersal wild fishes. Furthermore, an important number of these isolates carried plasmids (53.5%) and produced Extended-Spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL) (16.9%), whereas the detection of Metallo–β–Lactamases and class 1-integron was rare. This study provides evidence that wild fish are important reservoirs and spreading-vehicles of ARB, carrying plasmids and producing ESBLs in Chilean marine environments.
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Feliatra, F., Rizki Hamdani, Iesye Lukystyowati, and Irvina Nurachmi. "Sensitivity of Heterotrophic Bacteria in the Low-Salinity Water Areas and Estuary in Siak District toward Pathogenic Bacteria in Fish." International Journal of Microbiology 2019 (June 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7456410.
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The high rate of bacterial diseases in fishes and shrimps has lead scientists seek for natural antibiotic products that would act as a solution. An example of this product is the secondary metabolic products from heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria could easily be found in many water regions and estuaries, including the Siak District, Riau, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims at determining the ability of bacterial isolates in inhibiting the growth of pathogens (Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas sp.). The research was conducted from June to September 2018. It actuates the type of heterotrophic bacteria in the sampling area using the PCR technique. The phylogenetic structure of bacterial isolates obtained during this study was assessed by nucleotide sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The antagonism test showed that bacteria had the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens (Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas sp.). The results showed that 25 pure bacterial isolates were obtained, in which 10 of those were carried out by DNA sequencing; hence, it could be used as antimicrobes. Based on the analysis of 16S rDNA, 10 isolates were identified: 6 were Bacillus cereus and 2 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa with homology levels ranging from 97 to 99%, while the remaining two were suspected as the new species of isolates. From the result, it could be concluded that heterotrophic bacteria are found to be better used as antipathogens against Vibrio alginolitycus than hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp.
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Mahfouz, Nadia B., Eman M. Moustafa, and Naglaa F. El-Baz. "STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN SOME CULTURED FRESHWATER FISHES IN KAFR EL-SHEIKH GOVERNORATE." Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/kvmj.2016.108686.
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Rosa, Janaina Viana da, Carolina Janelli da Silva, Franciele Barbosa, Jacqueline Bairros, Eduarda Hallal Duval, Elizabete Helbig, and Cláudio Dias Timm. "Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Salmonella enterica isolados de pescados capturados no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n3p1345.
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Microorganisms that cause human diseases can contaminate fishes in aquatic environments as well as during their capture, handling, and transport. The purpose of this study was to isolate Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella enterica from fishes captured in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary that were eviscerated and cleaned for trade. Thirteen fish landing were analyzed and 65 entire fishes and 65 cleaned fishes were studied to determine the presence of V. parahaemolyticus and S. enterica. Bacterial isolates were compared using rep-PCR. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from one entire Micropogonias furnieri and two entire Mugil platanus, as well as from three eviscerated M. platanus. S. enterica was isolated from two eviscerated Paralichthys orbignyanus. Identical rep-PCR bands from V. parahaemolyticus were observed in entire and eviscerated fishes from the same discharge, suggesting processing failures that neither eliminated the microorganism from the raw material nor prevented cross-contamination. S. enterica was not isolated from entire fishes, presumably because contamination occurred due to hygiene and sanitary failures. Our results showed that M. furnieri and M. platanus captured in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary may host V. parahaemolyticus and that this microorganism, as with S. enterica, may also persist even after the fish is cleaned. This is the first record of the isolation of V. parahaemolyticus from M. furnieri.
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Murwantoko, Murwantoko, Eka Diniarti, and Triyanto Triyanto. "Isolation, Characterization and Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda a Causative Disease on Freshwater Fish in Yogyakarta." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 21, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.39920.
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Edwarsiella tarda is a cosmopolitan bacterium and is a cause of Edwardsiellosis in various fish species. The bacterial infection causes large losses on aquaculture in Asia, especially Japan. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize E. tarda as causative disease in freshwater fishes, and to determine its pathogenicity to catfish (Pangasius sp.). Bacteria were isolated from kidney of diseased fishes on Tryptone Soya Agar medium. Identification was conducted based on morphological colonies, morphological cells and biochemical tests. Fulfillment of Koch Postulates was done by injecting bacteria intraperitoneally on 7-9 cm fishes at dose of 107 cfu/fish. Pathogenicity test was carried out by intraperitoneal injection at 104, 105, 106, and 107 cfu/fish to 7-9 cm-catfish (Pangasius sp.) and followed by observation of disease signs and mortality every six hours for 7 days. Pathogenicity was determined as Lethal Dosage (LD50) using Dragstedt Behrens method. In this research we have isolated three isolates E. tarda causing disease in fishes. The clinical signs of this disease were lose of pigmentation over the lession, swollen of stomach, haemorhage on fins , small cutaneous lesions, and necrotic on fins area. The LD50 of E. tarda isolate L2, L3, and N3 were 4.64 ± 0.35x105, 1.54 ± 0.07x105, and 1.13 ± 0.13x106 cfu/fish, respectively.
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Hossain, MK, KT Islam, MD Hossain, and MH Rahman. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Fish Diseases on Fish Production." Journal of Science Foundation 9, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655.
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The present research work was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 to investigate intensity of infestation of parasites in freshwater fishes and the impact of fish diseases on fish production in northern region of Bangladesh. Possibility of out break of diseases due to deterioration of environmental factors of water bodies was included in this study. The diseases identified were ulcer diseases, EUS (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome), Ichthyophthiriasis, Trichodiniasis, Chilodoneliasis, Myxoboliasis, Dactylogyrosis, Gyrodactylosis, Argulosis, Pernicious anaemia, Red spot disease, Red Pest of freshwater eel, Mouth fungus, Branchiomysis, Abdominal dropsy and whirling disease. The infestation more occurred in young fishes than in adult fishes. The overall water qualities of water bodies fluctuated from July 2008 to June 2009. Physicochemical parameters have more or less significant combined effect on the deterioration of water quality as well as fish diseases. Gills were the most affected sites and parasites damaged gill filaments by rupturing blood capillaries, causing necrosis, coagulation and hemorrhage. The present study revealed the prevalence of different organisms in fishes, which are potential pathogen for them. Fishes were infested by parasites and other pathogens. From overall study it was observed that the parasites, bacteria and fungus were most important pathogen for outbreak of diseases. It was also observed that there was a direct relation between disease outbreak among fishes and environmental factors. Low alkalinity reduces the buffer capacity of water and badly affects the pond ecosystem, which in turn cause stress to the fish and become more susceptible to diseases. In case of low aquatic environmental temperature fish reduces metabolic activities, which in turn makes the fish more susceptible during the winter period towards parasitic infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 125-131, June-December 2011
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MAWARDI, MIRA, JAELANI JAELANI, ZAKKI ZAINUN, YUANI MUNDAYANA, BAIRD SAM CHILORA, and ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI. "Identification and characterization of Edwardsiella ictaluri from diseased Pangasius pangasius, cultured in Cirata Lake, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190309.
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Mawardi M, Jaelani, Zainun Z, Mundayana Y, Chilora BS, Hardi EH. 2018. Identification and characterization of Edwardsiella ictaluri from diseased Pangasius pangasius, cultured in Cirata Lake, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 766-772. In January 2016, there were reported extensive mortalities of Pangasius pangasius cultured on cage, in Cirata Lake. Edwardsiella ictaluri is primarily recognized as a disease-causing pathogen in catfish species, causing an economically important bacterial infection hence affecting productivity of aquaculture enterprises in many regions across the E. ictaluri. The samples were 17 fishes collected from organs containing spleen, kidney, and liver. The total samples were 51 organs of fishes. The high bacteria infection prevalence level was found in kidney (29.41%). The gross pathological signs of sample of organs were abnormal sizes and abnormal color including white nodules. Bacteria were identified by conventional biochemical test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and nucleotide sequencing. The results showed that P. pangasius cultured in cages in Cirata Lake is positively infected by E. ictaluri strain (accession number KF9071291). Other infection cases by Aeromonas sp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides as co-infection bacteria in P. pangasius were also found.
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Rahmati-Holasoo, Hooman, Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, Mehdi Soltani, Seyedhossein Hosseini, Masoomeh Ghadam, and Reza Samani. "Capillariosis in breeder discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) in Iran." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 55, no. 3 (2010): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1003253r.
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The global ornamental fish trade is a rapidly growing industry. Cultivation and propagation of ornamental fishes have been increasing in the last 20 years in Iran. Discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) from Cichlidae is one of the most popular and expensive aquarium fish. In the past few years farming of this fish has been well developed in Iran. Two breeder discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) from two different propagation centres (with high mortality) with signs of anorexia, loss of balance, moribundity and darkness in skin colour were referred to Laboratory of Aquatic Diseases of Veterinary Faculty, University of Tehran. After the survey of ectoparasites, necropsy was performed under aseptic conditions; bacterial culture on standard media was done and the alimentary canal was extruded. In both fish no ectoparasite was detected and no bacteria from these cases grew on the standard media. In internal survey 5 and 25 nematodes were detected in each fish. A high number of free eggs were observed in intestine of fish. Regarding morphological characteristics of the nematodes and their eggs, they were identified as Capillaria sp. Treatment of other fish with levamisole was effective and the loss was terminated. Some helminthes like Capillaria pterophylli Heinze, 1933, can cause a high mortality in cichlid aquarium fishes. This study showed that infection with some species of Capillaria could cause a heavy loss in ornamental fish from Cichlidae. Diagnosis of parasites of these fishes can help us to prevent high mortalities.
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Sarder, Halima, Nusrat Jahan Punom, Tahsin Khan, Mihir Lal Saha, Shankar Chandra Mandal, and Mohammad Shamsur Rahman. "Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fishes." Journal of Fisheries 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.57.
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Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic microorganism. It is a secondary biological agent that contributes to the occurrence of fish diseases and its deterioration. This research was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. hydrophila in some freshwater fishes collected from three different fish markets of Dhaka City and to test their antibiotic susceptibility. Total bacterial count and total aeromonas on different aeromonas selective media were enumerated using serial dilution technique. Bacterial isolates were characterized to identify A. hydrophila using biochemical tests and with comparison to reference strain (ATCC 7966). The lowest Aeromonas count was detected to be 2.83±0.40×102 cfu/g in Anabas testudineus and the highest was 1.03±0.153×103 cfu/g in Oreochromis mossambicus. On market basis highest aeromonas count was found in Anando Bazar (8.10±1.09×102 cfu/g) and lowest in Hatirpool Bazar (5.63±0.90×102 cfu/g) with no significant difference. Maximum susceptibility to amikacin and gentamicin was observed whereas all of the isolates were found resistant to a commonly used antibiotic amoxycillin. The obtained results point that antimicrobial susceptibility was more or less similar regardless of the origin of the samples collected. All the fishes investigated in this study contained A. hydrophila in their different organs.
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Sarder, Halima, Tahsin Khan, Mihir Lal Saha, Nusrat Jahan Punom, Shankar Chandra Mandal, and Mohammad Shamsur Rahman. "Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fishes." Journal of Fisheries 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v4i3.2016.177.
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Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic microorganism. It is a secondary biological agent that contributes to the occurrence of fish diseases and its deterioration. This research was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. hydrophila in some freshwater fishes collected from three different fish markets of Dhaka City and to test their antibiotic susceptibility. Total bacterial count and total aeromonas on different aeromonas selective media were enumerated using serial dilution technique. Bacterial isolates were characterized to identify A. hydrophila using biochemical tests and with comparison to reference strain (ATCC 7966). The lowest Aeromonas count was detected to be 2.83±0.40×102 cfu/g in Anabas testudineus and the highest was 1.03±0.153×103 cfu/g in Oreochromis mossambicus. On market basis highest aeromonas count was found in Anando Bazar (8.10±1.09×102 cfu/g) and lowest in Hatirpool Bazar (5.63±0.90×102 cfu/g) with no significant difference. Maximum susceptibility to amikacin and gentamicin was observed whereas all of the isolates were found resistant to a commonly used antibiotic amoxycillin. The obtained results point that antimicrobial susceptibility was more or less similar regardless of the origin of the samples collected. All the fishes investigated in this study contained A. hydrophila in their different organs.
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Noga, E. J., M. J. Dykstra, and J. F. Wright. "Chronic Inflammatory Cells with Epithelial Cell Characteristics in Teleost Fishes." Veterinary Pathology 26, no. 5 (September 1989): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588902600508.
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Certain cells that participate in the chronic inflammatory response of teleost fishes have many features typical of epithelioid cells of mammals. Such features include high metabolic activity, frequent phagolysosomes, and cytoplasmic interdigitations between adjacent cells; however, the epithelioid granulomas formed in response to certain diseases in teleost fishes also have several features associated with epithelial cells. Cases of ulcerative mycosis or acid-fast bacterial infection in Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus), fungal infection in silver perch ( Bairdiella chrysoura), and mycobacteriosis in Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) had epithelioid cells that were joined together by well-formed desmosomes with tonofilaments. “Mature granulomas” of the ulcerative mycosis-infected menhaden stained positively for cytokeratin, a cytoskeletal protein that is considered to be highly specific for epithelial cells. The consistent presence of these heretofore unrecognized epithelial features suggest that they may be characteristic of certain types of cells participating in piscine chronic inflammation.
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., K. Raja, Olivia J. Fernando ., R. Thavasi ., S. Jayalaksmi ., and T. Balasubramanian . "Diversity of Bacterial Populations in Recirculating Marine Aquarium with Different Marine Ornamental Fishes." Research Journal of Microbiology 1, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2006.448.452.
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Haddad Junior, Vidal, Pedro Pereira Oliveira Pardal, João Luiz Costa Cardoso, and Itamar Alves Martins. "The venomous toadfish Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim or miquim): report of 43 injuries provoked in fishermen of Salinópolis (Pará State) and Aracaju (Sergipe State), Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 45, no. 4 (August 2003): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652003000400009.
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Fishes of family Batrachoididae are responsible for great number of injuries in fishermen in North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The genus Thalassophryne presents various venomous species of fishes found in the Brazilian coast, T. nattereri being the most common of them. The venom is ejected through two hollow spines on the dorsal fin and two on pre-opercular regions, which present a venomous gland in the base and can be erected or depressed by the fish. The manifestations of the envenoming were intense local pain, edema and erythema in 43 patients observed in Salinópolis (Pará State) and Aracaju (Sergipe State). There were no systemic manifestations, but necrosis was detected in eight and bacterial infection in ten injured fishermen. The circumstances of the contacts and therapeutic aspects are discussed. Envenoming by the genus Thalassophryne is important and frequent and should be considered of moderate severity grade, since there are not the excruciating pain or the massive local necrosis provoked by scorpionfishes (Scorpaena) or stingrays injuries nor the systemic manifestations that are the most important marker of severe envenoming.
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BUCHMANN, KURT. "Impact and control of protozoan parasites in maricultured fishes." Parasitology 142, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201300005x.
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SUMMARYAquaculture, including both freshwater and marine production, has on a world scale exhibited one of the highest growth rates within animal protein production during recent decades and is expected to expand further at the same rate within the next 10 years. Control of diseases is one of the most prominent challenges if this production goal is to be reached. Apart from viral, bacterial, fungal and metazoan infections it has been documented that protozoan parasites affect health and welfare and thereby production of fish in marine aquaculture. Representatives within the main protozoan groups such as amoebae, dinoflagellates, kinetoplastid flagellates, diplomonadid flagellates, apicomplexans, microsporidians and ciliates have been shown to cause severe morbidity and mortality among farmed fish. Well studied examples are Neoparamoeba perurans, Amyloodinium ocellatum, Spironucleus salmonicida, Ichthyobodo necator, Cryptobia salmositica, Loma salmonae, Cryptocaryon irritans, Miamiensis avidus and Trichodina jadranica. The present report provides details on the parasites’ biology and impact on productivity and evaluates tools for diagnosis, control and management. Special emphasis is placed on antiprotozoan immune responses in fish and a strategy for development of vaccines is presented.
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Paswan, Ramlal. "Study on Diagnosis Precaution and Control of Bacterial Diseases in Fish." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 2239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23527014346.
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Laharia, Reena, and Paresh Patel. "Histological changes in skin and gill of fresh water EUS infected fish Channa punctatus." Environment Conservation Journal 21, no. 1&2 (June 10, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2020.211208.
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Histopathology is an important diseases diagnostic tool. Penetration into the host is the first step for a microbial agent to mutiply and invade the vital organs of its host. Like all animals fishes suffers from environmental, stress, which is followed by pathogenic attacks and parasitic afflictions causing Epizootic Ulcerative syndrome (EUS). Histological investigations of tissues of EUS infected fish Channa punctatus showed an eroded epidermis, necrosis of skeletal muscles and intense granulomatous inflammation, infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells in muscular as well as submuscular layers of the skin. Also a characteristic focal grannular granuloma in the gill lamellae was noticed. The electron microscopic observations, of the tissue cells of the fishe showed viruses like Parvovirus even at a red spot stage. Thus, it can be said that Viruses being crystalline in nature have cellular penetrating power & the EUS infection follows the phyllogenetic evolution in life in true sense i.e. RNA virus followed by Bacterial cell and then Fungus. Thus, the presence of EUS in Channa punctatus is confirmed histologically.
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Edeh, I. C., C. I. Nsofor, C. C. Ikechukwu, C. S. Olisa, P. I. Afoemezie, and N. O. Chidubem-Nwachinemere. "Bacterial assessment of smoke-dried fishes sold at three landing market sites in Anambra State, Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 21, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v21i1.3.
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The study focused on the bacteriological profile of four different smoke-dried fishes Clarias gariepinus (CG), Oreochromis niloticus (ON), Malapterurus electricus (ME), and Citharinus citharus (CC) sold at three landing market sites (Otuocha, Ose, and Ogbakuba) in Anambra State, Nigeria. Bacteria isolates from fish samples were examined and identified using microscopic, morphological, and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri in all the fish samples from the three markets. The highest number of bacteria (1471 cfu/g), was found at the Ose fish landing market followed by Ogbakuba (1353 cfu/g), while the lowest number was found in Otuocha (957 cfu/g). Some of the isolated bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp are known to cause food borne diseases and are of public health concern. Therefore, regular disinfection and cleaning as well as regular inspection by health officers are advocated to improve the hygiene of the markets. However, it is recommended that consumers should cautiously subject the fish to additional processing such as adequate cooking in order to eliminate these bacteria and to avoid food poisoning.
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Chatterjee, Arnab, Sucharita Ghosh, Ritwick Bhattacharya, Soumendranath Chatterjee, and Nimai Chandra Saha. "A Comprehensive Review on the Prevalence and Dissemination of Some Bacterial Diseases in Ornamental Fishes and Their Preventive Measures." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 8, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2020.v08i11.005.
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Chatterjee, Arnab, Sucharita Ghosh, Ritwick Bhattacharya, Soumendranath Chatterjee, and Nimai Chandra Saha. "A Comprehensive Review on the Prevalence and Dissemination of Some Bacterial Diseases in Ornamental Fishes and Their Preventive Measures." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 8, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2020.v08i11.005.
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Sarkar, M. J. A., and M. M. Rashid. "Pathogenicity of the bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila to catfishes, carps and perch." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, no. 1 (October 8, 2012): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12108.
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Pathogenicity of a bacterial isolate Aeromonas hydrophila recovered from naturally diseased shing fish was investigated against catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus), carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and perch (Anabas testudineus) of average body weight of 20.4 g for H. fossilis, 25.6 g for C. Batrachus, 35.2 g for L. rohita, 25.7 g for C. catla, 30.5 g for C. cirrhosus and 20.3 g for A. testudineus. Two different doses viz. 6.7 × 106 and 6.7 × 105 CFU/fish were injected intramuscularly. Pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was confirmed at water temperature of 30°C by mortality of 60% to 100% of all the tested fishes within 2-11 days. Injected A. hydrophila was re-isolated from liver, kidney and intestine of all the tested fishes. The highest bacterial loads in catfishes were found to be 5.5 × 108 CFU/g in the liver of H. fossilis and 5.6 × 107 CFU/g in the intestine of C. batrachus. The lowest bacterial loads were found to be 2.2 × 102 CFU/g in the kidney of H. fossilis and 2.4 × 103 CFU/g in the liver of C. batrachus. The highest bacterial loads in carps were found to be 4.9 × 109 CFU/g in the liver of C. catla, 7.7 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine of L. rohita and 5.8 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine of C. cirrhosus. The lowest bacterial loads were found to be 2.7 × 104 CFU/g in the kidney of C. catla, 3.0 ×104 CFU/g in the kidney of L rohita and 5.6 × 103 CFU/g in the kidney of C. cirrhosus. The highest and lowest bacterial load in perch was found to be 6.4 × 10' CFU/g and 1.6 × 102 CFU/g in the intestine and kidney of A. testudineus respectively. In all the cases of intramuscular injection, external pathology was found. Reddish anal region and fm bases were observed. It was understood that the isolate was a highly virulent pathogen for the challenged fishes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12108 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 157161, 2012
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Khatun, H., MD Hossain, SN Jahan, and DA Khanom. "Bacterial Infestation in Different Fish at Rajshahi." Journal of Science Foundation 9, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14650.
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The present study was carried out from July 2005 to June 2007 and diseased freshwater fishes were collected from different water bodies and fish landing centre of three study areas, namely City Corporation area, Rajshahi; Paba upazila and Charghat upazila, Rajshahi. In the present study the load of bacteria in lesion, liver and kidney of H. molitrix showed considerable variation in different months during the study period. Monthly variation of bacterial load in body lesion varied from 3.17×104 CFU/g (July05) to 2.13×107 CFU/g (March07), in liver it varied from 7.17×103 CFU/g (July05) to 5.13×106 CFU/g (March06) and in kidney it varied from 5.87×103 CFU/g (July05) to 6.33×105 CFU/g (March06). From two years observation, monthly variation of bacterial load in 3 sampling ponds were varied from 4.00×106 CFU/ml (June07) to 3.93×107 CFU/ml (July05) in case of pond-1. In pond-2 bacterial load varied from 1.27×106 CFU/ml (May07) to 5.33×107 CFU/ml (September06). In pond-3 the bacterial load varied from 2.10×106 CFU/ml (June07) to 2.10×108 CFU/ml (July06). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14650 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 77-84, June-December 2011
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Eissa, Ismaeil, Hassan Derwa, Mona Abdelwahab, Amina Dessouki, and Radwa Gaafa. "Studies on Diseases caused by Isopods in relation to Bacterial Infection Among Some Wild Marine Fishes at Suez Canal Area." Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/scvmj.2015.65040.
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Auclert, Lisa Zoé, Mousumi Sarker Chhanda, and Nicolas Derome. "Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation." PeerJ 12 (March 27, 2024): e17051. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17051.
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Fishes are hosts for many microorganisms that provide them with beneficial effects on growth, immune system development, nutrition and protection against pathogens. In order to avoid spreading of infectious diseases in aquaculture, prevention includes vaccinations and routine disinfection of eggs and equipment, while curative treatments consist in the administration of antibiotics. Vaccination processes can stress the fish and require substantial farmer’s investment. Additionally, disinfection and antibiotics are not specific, and while they may be effective in the short term, they have major drawbacks in the long term. Indeed, they eliminate beneficial bacteria which are useful for the host and promote the raising of antibiotic resistance in beneficial, commensal but also in pathogenic bacterial strains. Numerous publications highlight the importance that plays the diversified microbial community colonizing fish (i.e., microbiota) in the development, health and ultimately survival of their host. This review targets the current knowledge on the bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the fish immune system during fish development. It explores the extent of this mutualistic relationship: on one hand, the effect that microbes exert on the immune system ontogeny of fishes, and on the other hand, the impact of critical steps in immune system development on the microbial recruitment and succession throughout their life. We will first describe the immune system and its ontogeny and gene expression steps in the immune system development of fishes. Secondly, the plurality of the microbiotas (depending on host organism, organ, and development stage) will be reviewed. Then, a description of the constant interactions between microbiota and immune system throughout the fish’s life stages will be discussed. Healthy microbiotas allow immune system maturation and modulation of inflammation, both of which contribute to immune homeostasis. Thus, immune equilibrium is closely linked to microbiota stability and to the stages of microbial community succession during the host development. We will provide examples from several fish species and describe more extensively the mechanisms occurring in zebrafish model because immune system ontogeny is much more finely described for this species, thanks to the many existing zebrafish mutants which allow more precise investigations. We will conclude on how the conceptual framework associated to the research on the immune system will benefit from considering the relations between microbiota and immune system maturation. More precisely, the development of active tolerance of the microbiota from the earliest stages of life enables the sustainable establishment of a complex healthy microbial community in the adult host. Establishing a balanced host-microbiota interaction avoids triggering deleterious inflammation, and maintains immunological and microbiological homeostasis.
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Zaki, Viola H., R. H. Khalil, and Amira M. Mohamed. "Studies on Prevalence of Some Bacterial Diseases in Marine Fishes = دراسات على مدى انتشار بعض الأمراض البكتيرية في أسماك المياه المالحة." Journal of The Arabian Aquaculture Society 11, no. 2 (December 2016): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0050320.
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Thi May, LE, NGUYEN Duy Trieu, NGUYEN Thi Hanh, NGUYEN Thi Nguyen, NGUYEN Minh Quan, PHAN Trong Binh, DANG Thi Lua, TRUONG Thi Thanh Vinh, NGUYEN Thi Kim Chung, and TRUONG Thi My Hanh. "CURRENT STATUS OF DISEASES ON SOME FISH SPECIES RAISED IN LAO CAI IN 2022." Vinh University Journal of Science 53, no. 1A (March 20, 2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56824/vujs.2023a111.
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The research was conducted from May to December 2022 in Lao Cai province. A total of 192 fish samples were collected from the traditional cultured fish group and coldwater cultured fish group. Freshoscopy method has been applied for fungal indicators, isolated culture for bacteria and PCR technique for virus indicators. The results showed that fungal agents were detected with a high infection rate in both groups of traditionally cultured fish (83.3%) and cold-water cultured fish (66.7%); Among them, more than 90% are fungus carrying Branchiomyces sp.; The remaining is Dermocystidium sp. and Aphanomyces sp, the recorded period is from May to December. Meanwhile, bacterial causes were found to be lower, infection rate of bacterial species Edwardsiella sp.; Streptococcus sp. and Aeromonas sp. recorded between 20 and 35%, especially in September and October, the infection rate is lower than other months. To limit the damage, water needs to be treated before flowing into the pond/farming tank, periodically supplement vitamin C or multivitamins to increase the fish's resistance, well control environmental factors, especially temperature, amount of ammonia and amount of organic matter in the pond.
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Aiswarya, A. S., K. R. Reshmy, C. V. Chandraja, and P. R. Sisir. "A Comparative In Vivo and In Vitro Study on the Effectiveness of Homoeopathic Medicines on Aquarium Zebrafish Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Homœopathic Links 33, no. 04 (December 2020): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713880.
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Abstract Background Human infections associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus rank high among the pathogenic bacteria associated with fishes which causes septicaemia and gastroenteritis in humans. Humans acquire such infections by handling of infected fishes. Therefore, rather than curing the diseases in humans, it can be prevented in fishes by homoeopathic medicines. Objectives The main objective of the study is to show the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicines in curing aquarium zebrafish infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Materials and Methods Fifteen pairs of healthy aquarium zebrafish were chosen for the study. They were inoculated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus after the acclimatisation period of 1 month. The signs were noted down in chronological order. homoeopathic medicines Sulphur 200, Arsenicum album 200 and Pyrogenium 200 was administered based on the totality obtained. An in vitro study was also done by the serial dilution of water from each tank and also by the serial dilution of the fish gut which was plated in thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar media. A growth sensitivity study to show the growth inhibition was done on Muller Hinton agar media. Results Although the incubation period of vibriosis was 4 days, the condition was completely cured within 10 days of administration of homoeopathic medicines. But in the case of tetracycline, the signs disappeared after 15 days. Sulphur being deep acting remedy showed cure in fishes as well as in the water. Arsenicum album showed therapeutic as well as prophylactic characters. Conclusion From the study, it is proved that the Sulphur 200 was the most effective remedy. Homoeopathic medicines do not produce any resistant bacteria but improves the immunity of the living organism. Sulphur, the deep acting remedy ensures 100% cure, i.e., both the water and the fishes are cured of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
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SWAIN, P., S. NAYAK, A. SAHU, P. MEHER, and B. MISHRA. "High antigenic cross-reaction among the bacterial species responsible for diseases of cultured freshwater fishes and strategies to overcome it for specific serodiagnosis." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0147-9571(02)00059-0.
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S. A. Salama, Soad, and Nesreen S.I. Yousef. "The impact of co-infection of sea lice and its concurrent some bacterial diseases with field treatment trials in some marine cultured fishes." Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 24, no. 7 (December 1, 2020): 363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2020.120412.
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Georges, Fonkwa, Nack Jacques, Awah Ndukum Julius, Yamssi Cedric, Tomedi Eyango Minette, and Tchoumboue. "First Report of Enteric Red Plague of Oreochromis Niloticus (Cichlidae) And Cyprinus Carpio (Cyprinidae) Reared in Cameroon: Mortality Rate, Risk Factors and Financial Loss." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i3.63969.
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Diseases are among the major constraints to sustainable aquaculture. Fish pathogens include bacteria responsible for devastating effects on the fish health and even that of consumers. In Cameroon, there is a dearth of quantitative data related to fish diseases and the economic impact. An epidemiological survey was carried out from April 22 to May 23, 2021 during a first epizootic of the enteric red plague in the fishes Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio reared in ponds in the Monatélé Subdivision of the Centre Region of Cameroon. The objective was to assess clinical disorders and mortality rate, associated risk factors and economic losses in semi-intensive farms due to red plague in Cameroon. So, the standard epidemiological procedures were used to assess the mortality rates before and after antibiotic (Oxytetracyclin) treatment of the disease. Results showed that clinical signs recorded within three months of observing included lateral recumbency, breathing difficulties (dyspnea) and wide opening of mouths of affected fish. The overall mortality rate of 7.74% (294 dead fishes out of 3800) was recorded. The mortality rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in polyculture pond (11.33%) compared to monoculture pond (4.70%). Cyprinus carpio was significantly more affected than Oreochromis niloticus. The mortality rate was higher (p < 0.01) in younger fishes than older ones and was sex independent. The therapy was more effective in monoculture pond than in polyculture pond and in Oreochromis niloticus compared to Cyprinus carpio. Females were more sensitive to antibiotic treatment than males. The direct financial loss was $420.50. This study revealed that the main risk factors of the red plague disease were farming practice, species, age and size of fish. Rigorous epidemiological surveillance of fish diseases was suggested for improved productivity of fish farms in Cameroon.
Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 323-335
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Suguna, T. "Infectious Fish Disease Occurrence in Carp Culture Ponds of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.043.
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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. In India over the last three decades, aquaculture has developed significantly, earning considerable amount of foreign exchange, besides providing employment. India is basically a carp country. Where in the indigenous major carps: Catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal), exotic carps like common carp (Cyprinus carpio) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) along with air breathing fishes, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneuestes fossils, Pangasius sps. are being widely cultured accounting for bulk of freshwater aquaculture production. In the last few years, the exotic catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and pacu Piaractus branchypomus culure is also increasing. Tilapia and Pangasius are also offer opportunities for cage culture. The focus on the production of genetically improved tilapia for market as cheep source of proteins is also enhancing (Jelte de Jong, 2017). As the scope for horizontal expansion is limited, the current trend in aquaculture development is focused towards intensification of the culture practices. The frequent occurrence of diseases and epizootics are considered to be major bottlenecks for increasing production. The diseases are mostly bacterial and parasitic origin. The diseases account for 10-5 % towards the production cost (Sahoo, P. K. et al., 2017). India is basically a carp Freshwater aquaculture has been the main stay of Indian aquaculture, in terms of total quantity as well as its share in the domestic fish basket. India is called as carp country as carp production contribute in bulk (over 82%). In Andhra Pradesh fish and shrimp culture is income generating profession. The district West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh, is specifically the fish bowl of India, generating an amount of Rs. 15.00 crores annually. Semi intensive culture practice is common, in an area of more than 2.0 lakh acres. In course of expansion and intensification of this semi extensive culture practice of the Indian major carps, over the last three decades, many economically important problems have been identified which are threatening the sustainability of the culture system. Occurrence of diseases is one of such factor affecting the socio-economic status of aqua farmers. To overcome this, an intensive surveillance was carried to document the prevalence of various diseases, season of occurrence, disease diagnosis, etiological agents, mortality rates and controlling measures, so that the severe risk for sustainability and huge economic loss can be arrested. The frequency in occurrence of septicaemia, bacterial gill disease (bacterial), dactylogyrosis, paradactylogyrosis (parasitic) and argulosis are recorded. The incidence of diseases and mortality rate are high in winter season.
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Puvača, Nikola, Dragana Ljubojević Pelić, Miloš Pelić, Vojislava Bursić, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Luca Piemontese, and Gorica Vuković. "Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics and Biofilm Formation of Bacterial Isolates from Different Carp Species and Risk Assessment for Public Health." Antibiotics 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010143.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of biofilm on antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates present in fish meat and to assess the risk of antibiotic residues for public health. Common carp, silver carp and grass carp fishes were purchased from retail stores for an in vitro biofilm investigation and a drug-resistant pattern determination. In all samples, up to 104 CFU/g of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Shewanella putrefaciens, Vibrio spp. and Staphylococcus spp., were observed. Isolates from the samples and their biofilms were subjected to an antibiogram assay using antibiotics such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. Obtained results showed that some of the isolates were sensitive to antibiotics and some were resistant. Results of LC-MS/MS analysis showed that antibiotics residues were present in fish samples in the range between 4.9 and 199.4 µg/kg, with a total sum of 417.1 µg/kg. Estimated daily intake (EDI) was established to be 0.274 μg/kg of body weight/day for men and 0.332 μg/kg of body weight/day for women, with an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 8.5 and 7.0 µg/kg of body weight/day for men and women, respectively. The results of the present study, therefore, highlight the safe consumption of fresh fish.
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Nayan, Al-Akhir, Joyeta Saha, Ahamad Nokib Mozumder, Khan Raqib Mahmud, Abul Kalam Al Azad, and Muhammad Golam Kibria. "A Machine Learning Approach for Early Detection of Fish Diseases by Analyzing Water Quality." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 21 (October 13, 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.351.
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Early detection of fish diseases and identifying the underlying causes are crucial for farmers to take necessary steps to mitigate the potential outbreak and thus to avert financial losses with apparent negative implications to the national economy. Typically, fish diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria; according to biochemical studies, the presence of certain bacteria and viruses may affect the level of pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, EC, PO43-, NO3-N, and NH3-N in water, resulting in the death of fishes. Besides, natural processes, e.g., photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition, also contribute to the alteration of water quality that adversely affects fish health. Being motivated by the recent successes of machine learning techniques, a state-of-art machine learning algorithm has been adopted in this paper to detect and predict the degradation of water quality timely and accurately. Thus, it helps to take preemptive steps against potential fish diseases. The experimental results show high accuracy in detecting fish diseases specific to water quality based on the algorithm with real datasets.
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Lusiastuti, Angela Mariana, Lila Gardenia, Tatik Mufidah, and Yani Aryati. "Streptococcus agalactiae INFECTION ON TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) IN CIRATA RESERVOIR, WEST JAVA." Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.4.1.2009.47-51.
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Streptococcosis is one of bacterial diseases in the culture of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and has caused significant economic losses. Streptococcus iniae, is known as pathogen to marine and freshwater fishes whereas Streptococcus agalactiae is known as pathogen to Tilapia. The isolation and characterization of four isolates of S. agalactiae, were described from an infected Tilapia from Cirata Reservoir, West Java, in July 2008. Conventional and rapid identification systems were used to determine isolates of S. agalactiae from brain and kidney tissues. In this paper, we have characterized S. agalactiae and this was the first isolation of this bacteria from fish. The isolates were gram positive, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, haemolytic cocci colonies on blood agar. All of the of isolates were biochemically characterized with the API 20 Strep System (bioMerieux). Bacterial chromosomal DNA used in PCR assay was extracted by heating method. The forward primer is Sdi 61: 5’-AGGAAACCTGCCATTTGCG-3’ and the reverse primer is Sdi 252: 5’-CAATCTATTTCTAGATCGTGG-3’ with gene target 16S intergenic spacer and it has 192 bp in length. These primers were designed by Alpha DNA (Montreal, Quebec). The biochemical patterns of four isolates were rather different although almost all traits were similar with the exception of pyroglutamic acid (pyra) and L-arginin (ADH), for which we observed negative and positive reaction in this study. Therefore, some of the biochemical characteristics of the four isolates did not fit 100% with the typical patterns of S. agalactiae. However, the PCR result showed that this PCR assay is an effective tool for rapid and specific detection of S. agalactiae, the main pathogens involved in warm-water streptococcosis, obtained from pure culture of naturally infected fish. Therefore, it could be a useful alternative for culture-based routine diagnosis of warm-water streptococcal infections in fish.
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Karvonen, Anssi, Ville Räihä, Ines Klemme, Roghaieh Ashrafi, Pekka Hyvärinen, and Lotta-Riina Sundberg. "Quantity and Quality of Aquaculture Enrichments Influence Disease Epidemics and Provide Ecological Alternatives to Antibiotics." Antibiotics 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030335.
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Environmental heterogeneity is a central component influencing the virulence and epidemiology of infectious diseases. The number and distribution of susceptible hosts determines disease transmission opportunities, shifting the epidemiological threshold between the spread and fadeout of a disease. Similarly, the presence and diversity of other hosts, pathogens and environmental microbes, may inhibit or accelerate an epidemic. This has important applied implications in farming environments, where high numbers of susceptible hosts are maintained in conditions of minimal environmental heterogeneity. We investigated how the quantity and quality of aquaculture enrichments (few vs. many stones; clean stones vs. stones conditioned in lake water) influenced the severity of infection of a pathogenic bacterium, Flavobacterium columnare, in salmonid fishes. We found that the conditioning of the stones significantly increased host survival in rearing tanks with few stones. A similar effect of increased host survival was also observed with a higher number of unconditioned stones. These results suggest that a simple increase in the heterogeneity of aquaculture environment can significantly reduce the impact of diseases, most likely operating through a reduction in pathogen transmission (stone quantity) and the formation of beneficial microbial communities (stone quality). This supports enriched rearing as an ecological and economic way to prevent bacterial infections with the minimal use of antimicrobials.
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Kazuń, Barbara, Elżbieta Terech-Majewska, Joanna Grudniewska, and Krzysztof Kazuń. "UDN-like disease in spawners of salmonid fishes from the Rega, Parsęta, Wieprza, and Słupia rivers in 2009-2012." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2023-0007.
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Abstract Since 2007 in Poland, skin lesions have been observed in salmon (Salmo salar L.) and sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) entering Pomeranian rivers to spawn. The clinical picture of affected fish resembled ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN), a disease of unknown etiology affecting mainly the scalps of wild salmonids. The aim of the 2009-2012 study was to determine with microbiological tests the etiological agent of the skin lesions observed in salmonids entering the Pomeranian rivers. During the study, a total of 13 species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging mainly to the Yersiniaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae families were isolated and identified from the skin and kidneys of diseased fish. The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were aerobic, hemolytic granules of the genus Streptococcus. Mycological examinations on damaged fish body surfaces revealed yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula and fungi of the family Saprolegniaceae. The results of our study did not permit us to identify unequivocally the direct cause of the fish diseases analyzed since all the bacteria isolated during the study are normally found in aquatic environments. Some of the isolated bacteria identified were assumed to be potentially pathogenic to fish. The fungal infections observed were probably secondary and only exacerbated ongoing disease processes.
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Ravi, Lokesh, Shabari Girish, M. Harshini, and B. K. Anirudh Sreenivas. "β-Sitosterol: An Antibacterial Agent in Aquaculture Management of Vibrio Infections." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 2699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.48.
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This study aims at investigation of antibacterial property of Parthenium hysterophorous against aquatic bacterial pathogens and to identify the key bioactive compound of the same. Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts confirmed that chloroform extract PHC has strong antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens V.anguillarum and V.harveyi with 16mm and 15mm ZOI at 1mg/well concentration. The crude extracts were subjected for GC-MS analysis to identify the secondary metabolites. PHC was subjected to silica-gel column chromatography to separate the individual phytochemicals. PHC was separated into 9 fractions, among which Fraction No.2 demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against V.anguillarum and V.harveyi with 19mm and 17mm ZOI at 10µg/well concentration. Fraction No.2 was identified to be β-sitosterol based on mass spectrometry analysis and fragmentation analysis. In-silico protein ligand docking demonstrated that β-sitosterol has highest affinity to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme with -10.10Kcal/mol binding energy. This prediction was further validated using molecular dynamic simulation for 20ns. Based on these computational analyses, it was proposed that β-sitosterol exhibits antibacterial activity via inhibition of DHFR enzyme. β-sitosterol is a well known nutritionally valuable compound that reduces cholesterol levels in humans. It is also been used as supplement feed to increase the nutritional value of cultured fishes. β-sitosterol has also been proven to have positive effect in growth and reproduction of cultivated fishes. Findings of this study strongly suggest the usage of β-sitosterol in aquaculture, as nutritional supplement and also as disease control agent to prevent and control fish diseases caused by Vibrio species.
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G, Dissasa. "Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Isolated from Yoghurt and Fish against Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Fish in Ethiopia." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000234.
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Pathogenic bacteria are causative agent of infectious diseases in fish. Antimicrobials are widely applied in fish products for prevention of fish-borne diseases. The global concern of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria raises attentiveness of the different ways of using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The aim of the present study was to detect the antimicrobial activity of the AMPs from Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the growth of pathogenic bacteria isolated from fish in Ethiopia. Cell Free Supernatants (CFSs) from 4 strains of LAB consisting of lactobacillus paracasei sub.paracasei, lactobacillus casei LC2W, Pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus plantarum were tested against pathogenic bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shigella flexneri via using agar well diffusion assay. All tested CFSs revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested fish pathogenic isolates at different extents. CFSs of lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. casei LC2W and lactobacillus paracasei sub.paracasei showed strong antibacterial activity against Edwardsiella tarda (19 mm), Aeromonas hydrophila (18 mm) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (18 mm) respectively, with the well diffusion assay. The study shows the antimicrobial activity of the 4 strains of LAB CFSs against the bacterial fish pathogens and indicates the application opportunities as fish product bio preservative.
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Okon, Matthew, Olajide AKinjogunla, Inyene Akan Akang, Blessing Christopher Akaka, and Menyene Umoh. "LOGARITHMIC AND PERCENTAGE REDUCTIONS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN GALATEA PARADOXA TREATED WITH CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA AND NACL: PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-376.
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Shell fishes constitute a vital source of food for humans due to its high nutritional values. Bacteriological and nutritional assessments of Galatea paradoxa treated with Citrus aurantifolia and NaCl were determined using bacteriological and analytical protocols. The results revealed a reduction from 4.845 to 2.301 Log CFU/g in Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC) in G. paradoxa treated with 10% NaCl for 5 mins. The G. paradoxa treated with 7.5 % NaCl for 5 min had a reduction in Total Coliform Counts (TCC) ranging from 3.903 to 2.398 Log CFU/g, while Total Faecal Coliform Counts (TFC) in G. paradoxa treated with 5 % and 10 % for 10 min reduced by 99.99 %. There was 53.46% THBC reduction in G. paradoxa treated with 10% C. aurantifolia for 5 min; THBC in G. paradoxa treated with 10% C. aurantifolia for 10 min reduced by 79.36 %; THBC in G. paradoxa treated with 10 % equal concentrations of NaCl and C. aurantifolia decreased by 99.99 % within 10 min, while TCC in G. paradoxa treated with 7.5 % equal concentrations of NaCl and C. aurantifolia within 10 min of exposure had 99.99 % decrease. The predominant survived bacterial genera in treated samples were Bacillus, Vibrio and Micrococcus. There was insignificant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the nutritional compositions of treated and untreated samples. This study showed that G. paradoxa could be treated with C. aurantifolia and NaCl so as to avert possible foodborne diseases associated with consumption of this aquatic food.
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Novotny, L., L. Dvorska, A. Lorencova, V. Beran, and I. Pavlik. "Fish: a potential source of bacterial pathogens for human beings ." Veterinární Medicína 49, No. 9 (March 29, 2012): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5715-vetmed.
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Human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common and depend on the season, patients’ contact with fish and related environment, dietary habits and the immune system status of the exposed individual. They are often bacterial species facultatively pathogenic for both fish and human beings and may be isolated from fish without apparent symptoms of the disease. The infection source may be fish kept for both for food and as a hobby. Human infections and intoxications with the following bacteria have been recorded: Mycobacterium spp., Streptococcus iniae, Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, Delftia acidovorans, Edwardsiella tarda, Legionella pneumophila, and Plesiomonas shigelloides. Fish tissue histamine intoxications of people have frequently been described. The purpose of the present paper was to elaborate an overview of significant bacterial causative agents of human diseases transmitted from fish used as food or by handling them.
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Solin, Ro Shinta Christina, July Kumalawati, Yusra Yusra, and Nuri Dyah Indrasari. "Microbial Profile, Peritoneal Fluid White Blood Cell Count, and Outcome of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis at Indonesian Tertiary Hospital." Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 15, no. 3 (2023): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jgid.jgid_16_23.
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Introduction: Peritonitis caused by peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains a common complication of continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD). The purpose of this study is to determine the microbial profile in CAPD-related peritonitis, the optimal cutoff of white blood cell (WBC) count, and the percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) in CAPD fluid in the prediction of CAPD-related peritonitis, together with the outcome of CAPD-related peritonitis at an Indonesian tertiary hospital. This is a retrospective cohort study of CAPD-related peritonitis patients at Indonesian tertiary hospitals from November 2020 to October 2022. Methods: Patients with suspected CAPD-related peritonitis who were tested for CAPD fluid culture and WBC count in CAPD fluid were eligible for this study. Patient’s diagnosis and outcome obtained from medical records. Differences in clinical outcomes by category of microorganisms were analyzed with Fisher exact test. The Mann–Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine optimal WBC and PMN cutoff. Results: This study included 58 patients and 102 episodes of CAPD-related peritonitis. CAPD-related peritonitis was caused by 29.4% Gram-negative bacteria, 21.5% Gram-positive bacteria, 7.8% fungi, and 6.9% polymicrobial bacteria. CAPD fluid WBC count >79 cells/μL and PMN percentage >50% had a sensitivity of 76.4% and a specificity of 92.9% in predicting CAPD-related peritonitis. There was a significant difference in outcome between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis. Conclusions: It is critical to understand the microbial profile in CAPD-related peritonitis. Lower WBC count cutoff points in CAPD fluids may improve sensitivity in predicting CAPD-related peritonitis.