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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bacterial diseases in poultry'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Teschke, Miriam. "Prävalenz von Arcobacter spp. in Puten- und Schweinefleisch aus dem Berliner Einzelhandel und Vergleich von drei kulturellen Arcobacter-Nachweisverfahren /." Berlin : Mbv, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990056414/04.

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2

Miller, Robert Scott Oyarzabal Omar A. "Evaluation of subtyping methods for the characterization of Campylobacter strains from different geographical areas." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1499.

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3

Gunawardana, Gnanalatha Abeywickramasinghe. "Pasteurellosis in chickens : studies on the humoral response of chickens to Paseurelle multocida and the genetic analysis of causative strains of fowl cholera /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17050.pdf.

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4

Joiner, Kellye Sue Hoerr Frederic J. "Influence of the chicken major histocompatibility complex on the pathogenesis of bacterial skeletal disease, chicken infectious anemia and infectious bronchitis." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/JOINER_KELLYE_51.pdf.

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5

Roberts, S. J. "Bacterial diseases of woody ornamental plants." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375533.

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6

Abdelrahman, Wael Hosny Abdellatif. "Avian intestinal spirochaetosis in British egg laying flocks : molecular diagnosis, epidemiology and economic impact." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559017.

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7

Molia, Sophie. "Avian influenza and Newcastle disease in poultry in Mali : epidemiological investigations and modelling for improved surveillance and control." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701657.

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8

Olfat, Farzad. "Helicobacter pylori : bacterial adhesion and host response." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Odontologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133.

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The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori infects more than half of the population worldwide. H. pylori manage to establish persistent infection, which would be life-long if not treated. In order to establish such an infection, this pathogen has to deal with the host immune system. H. pylori has certain characteristics which make the bacteria less announced to the host immune system. Additionally, for remaining in the harsh and acidic environment of the stomach with peristaltic movements and a high frequency of turnover of epithelial cells, H. pylori has developed different binding modes to structures present both in the mucus and on the surface of gastric cells and also to extracellular matrix proteins. Evidently, adhesion has a determinant role for a successful colonization by H. pylori. It has been shown that a small fraction of the H. pylori infection is in intimate contact and attached to the host epithelium. Despite its small proportion, this group maintains the persistency of infection. As there is no suitable in vitro system to mimic the human stomach for studies of H. pylori infection, we have developed the In Vitro Explant Culture technique (IVEC). By using this model we could show that H. pylori use the Lewis b blood group antigen to bind to the host gastric mucosa, during experimental conditions most similar to the in vivo situation. Furthermore, we could show that the host tissue responses to the bacterial attachment by expression of Interleukin 8 (IL- ), which will guide the inflammatory processes. Interestingly, by inhibition of bacterial adhesion through receptor competition i.e., by use of soluble Lewis b antigen, IL-8 production was hampered in the IVEC system, which further validates the presence of a tight relation between bacterial adhesion and induction of host immune responses. One of the inflammation signaling cursors in vivo is the upregulated sialylated Lewis x (sLex) antigen, an inflammation associated carbohydrate structure well established as a binding site for the selectin family of adhesion molecules. We could show that during chronic gastric inflammation, which is actually caused by the persistent H. pylori infection, the bacterial cells adapt their binding mode, and preferentially bind to sLex, which will provide an even more intimate contact with the host cells. This interaction is mediated by SabA, the H. pylori adhesin for sialylated oligosaccharides/glycoconjugates. By employing red blood cells as a model we could further demonstrate that SabA is identical to the “established” H. pylori hemagglutinin. We could also show that SabA binds to sialylated glycolipids (gangliosides) rather than glycoproteins on cell surfaces. Our result also revealed that SabA also binds to and activates human neutrophils. Such effect was unrelated to BabA and the H. pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP- AP), which were not directly involved in the activation of neutrophils. Furthermore, phagocytosis of bacteria by neutrophils was demonstrated to be mainly dependent on presence of SabA. Interestingly, HP-NAP showed a possible role in guiding the bacterial adhesion during conditions of limited sialylation, i.e. equivalent to mild gastritis, when the tissue would be less inflamed and sialylated. In conclusion, H. pylori adhesion causes host tissue inflammation, then the bacteria will adapt to the new condition and bind to epithelial cells in a tighter mode by synergistic activities of BabA and SabA. Additionally, SabA bind to and activate human neutrophils, which will exacerbate inflammation responses and cause damage to host tissue. Thus, BabA and SabA are potential candidates to be targeted for therapeutic strategies against H. pylori and gastric disease.

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9

Vadari, Yoganand. "Estimation of Microbial Diversity in Poultry Litter Using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Isolation of Phosphate Accumulating Bacteria from Poultry Litter." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/239.

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The contamination of fresh water by phosphates in poultry litter results in substantial eutrophication of fresh water causing fish kills and other types of environmental damage. The poultry indus try in Kentucky is expanding rapidly. The number of broilers is increasing as more poultry farms are established in the state producing waste that needs disposal. Investigations were made to study the possibility of using microorganisms normally found in poultry litter to sequester phosphate, thereby delaying phosphate runoff after litter is applied to croplands. Little is known, however, about the microflora of poultry litter. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA from bacteria was used to investigate the bacterial diversity of poultry litter. Poultry litter was collected from a local producer. DNA was isolated using commercial kits and amplified using the polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for bacterial 16S rDNA. The amplified fragments were digested using HhaI restriction endonuclease and the DNA fragment lengths were determined. To determine the sensitivity of this method, known quantities of Escherichia coli cells were spiked into litter prior to DNA extraction. Successful amplification of the bacterial rDNA was highly variable but could be improved by passing the purified DNA through two purification columns in lieu of only one column. The detection threshold for E. coli was 10 cells, however, the results also varied widely. Bacteria capable of hyper-accumulating intracellular phosphate were isolated from poultry litter as possible tools for phosphate remediation in poultry litter. Five strains of phosphate accumulating bacteria were successfully isolated from poultry litter. Poultry litter was suspended in sterile nanopure water and 100μl was plated on BHI plates containing an addtional 750mM K2HPO4. Isolated colonies were screened for intracellular metachromatic granules using the Nile blue stain, a presumptive test for polyphosphate. Positive colonies were cultured in BHI and BHI with supplementation of K2HPO4 and free intracellular phosphate concentrations were determined in cell extracts. Total phosphates were measured in cell extracts subjected to hydrolysis by addition of 12N HCl and heating at 100°C for 60 min. Polyphosphate was determined by subtraction of free phosphates from total phosphates. Results showed five isolates of gram-positive bacteria were obtained from poultry litter. All isolates were cocci arranged in chains or clusters and were catalase positive. All isolates showed considerable levels of intracellular phosphate accumulation, which were comparable to Microlunatus phosphovorus, a bacterium known to hyper-accumulate phosphate. Biolo g analysis indicated four of the five strains isolated were Staphylococcus sp. and one strain was unidentified.

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10

巫志偉 and Chi-wai Mo. "Prevention and therapy of infectious bursal disease by molecular approaches." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30253329.

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11

Packer, Samantha. "Bacterial-epithelial cell interactions in the periodontal diseases." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445766/.

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Periodontal diseases result from a complex interaction between a biofilm containing commensal and periopathogenic bacteria and the host innate and acquired defense systems. The interaction of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria and their effect on ' cell behaviour, particularly the synthesis of antibacterial and inflammatory molecules, has been the focus of this project. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of human beta-defensin and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA in the gingiva of patients suffering from the periodontal diseases was also determined. Patients suffering periodontal diseases showed increased mRNA expression of human beta-defensins and cytokines compared to controls, however, there was no difference in human beta-defensin protein expression between diseased and control tissue samples. Further studies were then carried out to determine the effect of oral commensal and periopathogenic bacteria and their surface components on oral epithelial cells (OECs). An oral squamous carcinoma cell line was found to produce IL-8 protein and express mRNA for human beta-defensin 2 (hpD-2), both of which were induced by several oral bacterial cell surface components, including LPS. The stimulatory effect of LPS was subsequently found to involve the LPS receptor, CD 14. The presence of toll-like receptor mRNA was also demonstrated and results showed that their expression may be regulated by bacteria associated molecular patterns. Both live- and heat-killed oral bacterial pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis induced production of IL-8 protein and hpD-2 mRNA from OECs. Exposure to the oral commensals S. sanguis and S. gordonii resulted in a decrease in the production of IL-8 mRNA from OECs, whilst heat-killed S. sanguis upregulated hpD-2 mRNA. A highly invasive strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans was shown to adhere to OECs to a greater degree, and also led to a greater induction of hpD-2 mRNA and IL-8 protein compared to a non-invasive strain. Further, isogenic mutants of the oral commensal S. gordonii DL1 Challis, deficient in the production of antigen I/II-family proteins SspA and SspB and the fibrillar cell surface proteins CshA and CshB, showed reduced adhesion to OECs. All strains had comparable effects on IL-8 protein and hpD-2 mRNA expression in OECs. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the expression profile of human beta- defensins and cytokines in healthy and diseased gingival tissue. hpD-2 has been shown to be upregulated in oral epithelial cells by a range of oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria and their products. It has also been shown that the invasive nature of oral bacteria may contribute to increased expression of hpD-2 messenger RNA in oral epithelial cells. The upregulation of hpD-2 mRNA by a wide variety of components, bacterial or otherwise in oral epithelial cells may have therapeutic potential, however further studies would need to be carried out to determine the correlation between mRNA and protein expression of hpD-2.

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12

Wondimagegne, Eshetu. "Bacterial wilt of potato in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335193.

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13

Basak, Shibesh Chandra. "The identification of oocysts of chicken Eimeria species : biochemical, immunological and molecular biological approaches." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356983.

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14

Yeung, Wing-shing, and 楊永成。. "Development of a subunit vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222055.

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15

Ndungu, Anne. "Rare genetic variants and susceptibility to severe bacterial diseases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c5745f9-50f9-469a-8771-2e49e75db7ac.

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Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis are major causes of severe bacterial disease which can manifest as invasive disease such as bacteraemia and meningitis. Exposure to these pathogens is relatively widespread, yet only a minority of individuals develop invasive disease. A host genetic component to infectious disease susceptibility has been implied from twin and adoptee studies. A role for rare large effect genetic variants in predisposition to infection has been demonstrated through the study of individuals with primary immunodeficiencies. However, a majority of these studies have been undertaken in individuals with a history of recurrent disease or in multi-case families. The relative role of rare genetic variants of moderate to large effect at the population level has not been widely explored. This thesis presents effort made using next generation sequencing methods to identify rare genetic variants that lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial disease focussing on meningococcal disease, pleural infection(empyema), pneumococcal disease and sepsis phenotypes. Using an exome sequencing approach in 13 cases with invasive meningococcal disease, a novel mutation leading to a complement deficiency and increased risk of meningococcal infection was identified and functionally validated in one individual. This mutation in the CFP gene was demonstrated as leading to impaired properdin secretion. Further analysis implicated loss of function mutations in CD4 and ZAP70 as novel loci for meningococcal disease susceptibility. A case control association analysis for sepsis susceptibility highlighted the possible role for small Rho GTPases in sepsis pathology. By aggregating all rare predicted deleterious mutations in a gene, four genes in this pathway, (ROCK2, ARHGAP18, FYN and CDC42BPG) were implicated as having an excess of rare deleterious variants in sepsis samples compared to population controls. A similar approach identified low frequency genetic variants in the CD109 gene as predisposing to empyema susceptibility in children. Finally, preliminary evidence from adult individuals with invasive pneumococcal disease points to a potential role of the RNASE7 gene in invasive pneumococcal disease susceptibility. This association was primarily due to a predicted deleterious missense mutation present in cases and absent in controls. Taken together, these results have identified a number of potential loci with rare variants associated with susceptibility to severe phenotypes of bacterial diseases.

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16

Young, Hugh. "Laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27730.

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This thesis brings together 118 published studies on the microbiology of sexually transmitted diseases resulting from work performed in the University of Edinburgh Department of Medical Microbiology between 1973 and 1995. The main aim of these studies was to improve microbiological aspects of the diagnosis and management of syphilis and gonorrhoea. The earliest publication on syphilis serology was the first to recommend the use of a specific treponemal antigen test, the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) for routine screening. As a result of this study a screening schedule comprising the Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) and TPHA tests was introduced into routine practice in late 1973. Soon the same screening schedule was widely adopted in the United Kingdom and Europe. Appreciating the importance of computerised and automation I validated and standardised a prototype commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) as a single serological screening test and demonstrated that this gave a performance comparable to screening with the VDRL and TPHA tests while being suitable for automation and electronic report generation. Screening for syphilis by EIA is now becoming widespread throughout Europe. Because false positive EIA reactions may also show reactivity in the FTA-abs test, immunoblotting was evaluated as a confirmatory test. The possibility of syphilis reactivation and loss of treponemal markers in patients co-infected with HIV were also studied.

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17

Wang, Xiangdong. "Bacterial translocation after major liver resection." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39793360.html.

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18

Behzad, Kasravi F. "Bacterial translocation in acute liver injury." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=I39sAAAAMAAJ.

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19

Magalo, Simone Issaca. "Evaluation of immunity and protection induced in pullets by the V4 oral vaccine against a pneumotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11042005-140706/.

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20

Bluvas, Peter J. (Peter Jan) 1979. "Identification of viral and bacterial triggers for human autoimmune diseases." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87184.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 31).
by Peter J. Bluvas, Jr.
M.Eng.

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21

Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo. "Molecular and spatial-temporal epidemiology of highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza (HPNAI) H5N1 in Nigeria." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02172009-171221/.

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22

羅文新 and Man-sun Law. "DNA vaccine against chicken infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221221.

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23

Nayak, Rajesh R. "Foodborne pathogens in poultry production and post-harvest control." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1266.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 180 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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24

Collins, Ann. "A review and retrospective study of some major bacterial orofacial infections." University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4209.

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Master of Dental Surgery
History has recorded the antiquity of serious infections in the region of the head and neck. Today, our community still experiences major life-threatening infections in these anatomical locations, which pose significant management difficulties to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The aim of this thesis is to review the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of some bacterial infections involving structures of the head and neck. Such infections may spread, causing serious complications with severe morbidity and occasionally death. This theses deals only with infections of bacterial origin and does not attempt to cover viral, or fungal agents or the chronic specific diseases of tuberculosis and syphilis, and makes no attempt to address the old question of focal infection. The literature review relates especially to Ludwig’s Angina which was first described so dramatically in 1836. To this day it remains as a clinically potentially lethal disease despite the progress of modern medicine. Numerous descriptions in the literature warn of the rapid appearance of symptoms and the danger of respiratory obstruction when management of the airway is not satisfactorily undertaken. Both odontogenic and non-odontogenic causes of orofacial and neck infections are reviewed. Odontogenic problems are given special emphasis as they are now of major concern. The significance of the potential fascial spaces in the face and neck which allow the spread of dental infections is also highlighter. A thorough knowledge of these anatomical relationships is still of the utmost importance to the surgeon if he is to be successful in treatment. The principle of surgical drainage of pus is as important in 1990 as it was 150 years ago. The biological basis for the onset and progress of such fulminating infections in the head and neck region is still poorly understood. One constant need is that the bacteria, both aerobic and anaerobic, be correctly identified. Microbiological techniques are constantly improving and provide an important adjuvant investigation, which then allows the surgeon to provide the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Principal to the many aspects of treatment is the ability to maintain the airway of the patient and to provide the depth of anaesthesia necessary to undertake the required surgery. Major bacterial orofacial infections may have severe local and far-reaching systemic effects. Such complications are discussed in all their ramifications. It should be realised that the presentation of these patients at a late stage, when complications have already supervened, may make diagnosis difficult. There is always a necessity to ensure that the underlying cause of the disease is accurately defined and that complication are not allowed to progress further. Finally, a retrospective study of the management of 90 patients with major bacterial orofacial infections who have been treated at Westmead Hospital is presented. The outcome of this study of some major bacterial orofacial infections of the head and neck is the need to stress the importance of urgent surgical management and maintenance of the airway, together with the microbiological determination of the causative organisms and their sensitivities, so that other than empirical antibiotics can be instituted early. This must be combined with an upgrading of the patients’ medical and dental status. It was demonstrated that, in the majority of these patients, ignorance and fear combined with a lack of routine dental care resulted in major infections arising from relatively simple odontogenic causes such as dental caries, periodontal disease and pericoronal infection related to impacted teeth. Without doubt, the immediate care of these patients demanded intensive management. However, it is important to recognise that dental education forms an integral part not only of the recovery programme for the afflicted patient, but also as a community health preventive measure of profound significance.

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25

Tong, Qin. "Optimising incubation of broiler eggs using external stimuli." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701661.

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26

Pegg, Elaine. "Eimeria species as novel antimicrobial vaccine delivery vectors." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701658.

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27

Wilson, Kimberly M. Wilson. "Characterizing the Impact of Select Bacterial Isolates on Perinatal Pioneer Microbial Colonization and GIT Development." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531832465230743.

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28

Swangchan-Uthai, Theerawat. "Molecular response of the endometrium to bacterial infection in dairy cattle." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572492.

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29

Wen, Jinlei. "Effect of amino acids and vitamin D3 on performance and biological responses in poultry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83506.

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As productive performance is improved by breed selection, amino acid requirements may change to support this higher performance in poultry. The first objective of this dissertation was to update the valine and tryptophan requirement of small-framed laying hens and the lysine requirement of young broilers using empirical dose-response methods. The tryptophan requirement was estimated as 155.8 mg/d for egg mass, 153.2 mg/d for egg production and 140.4 mg/d for feed conversion ratio using a linear broken line model. For valine, the requirement was highest for egg mass, 597.3 mg/d, followed by egg production, 591.9 mg/d and feed conversion ratio (FCR), 500.5 mg/d. The lysine requirement of young chicks was estimated by conducting four short term experiments from 1 to 3, 3 to 5, 5 to 8 and 8 to 11 days of age, respectively. The lysine requirement from 1 to 3, 3 to 5 and 5 to 8 days of age were not able to be estimated as no dose response was observed on growth performance most likely due to an overestimation of the lysine requirement. Digestible lysine requirement from 8 to 11 days of age was 1.057%, 1.050% and 1.016% based on body weight gain, FCR and pectoralis major weight using a linear broken line model, respectively. In addition to determining amino acid requirements, research was conducted to develop a new bacterial protein meal for use in laying hens diets. The data suggested that diets containing 7.5% of the bacterial protein meal was able to at least maintain egg production in laying hens, but 15% bacterial protein meal resulted in reduced performance. The second objective of this dissertation was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of dietary vitamin D3 on pullet and laying hen performance, eggshell quality and bone health in laying hens. Pullets/hens were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments containing vitamin D3 from 1,681 to 68,348 IU/kg diet from day of hatch until 68 weeks of age. These data suggested that dietary vitamin D3 fed at 68,348 IU/kg resulted in reduced egg production, but vitamin D from 8,348 to 35,014 IU/kg diet maintained egg production, increased egg vitamin D content in a dose dependent manner, and generally increased both eggshell quality and pullet and hen bone mineral status.
Ph. D.

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30

Van, der Merwe Elizabeth Frances. "Preliminary investigations into ostrich mycoplasmas : identification of vaccine candidate genes and immunity elicited by poultry mycoplasma vaccines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17411.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ostrich farming is of significant economical importance in South Africa. Three ostrich mycoplasmas, Ms01, Ms02 and Ms03 have been identified previously, and were provisionally named ‘Mycoplasma struthiolus’ (Ms) after their host Struthio camelus. Ostrich mycoplasmas are the major causative organisms of respiratory diseases, and they cause stock losses, reduced production and hatchability, and downgrading of carcasses and therefore lead to large economic losses to the industry. In order to be pathogenic to their host, they need to attach through an attachment organelle, the so-called tip structure. This structure has been identified in the poultry mycoplasma, M. gallisepticum, and is made up of the adhesin GapA and adhesin-related CrmA. Currently, no ostrich mycoplasma vaccine is commercially available and for this reason the need to develop one has arisen. Therefore the first part of this study was dedicated to the identification and isolation of vaccine candidate genes in the three ostrich mycoplasmas. Four primer approaches for polymerase chain reactions (PCR’s), cloning and sequencing, were used for the identification of adhesin or adhesin-related genes from Ms01, Ms02 and Ms03. The primer approaches revealed that the target genes could not be identified due to the high diversity of sequences that were generated. Therefore sequences were also compared with those of other mycoplasma species in BLAST searches. Results showed that the most significant hit was with the human pathogen M. hominis oppD, which is located in the same operon as the membrane protein P100 involved in adhesion. Other hits were with ABC transporters which may also play a role in cytadhesion. The second part of this study was aimed at testing whether two poultry mycoplasma vaccines, M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum, can be used in ostriches to elicit immune responses until an ostrich mycoplasma vaccine has been developed. Ostriches on three farms of different age groups in the Oudsthoorn district were therefore vaccinated with these vaccines in a vaccine trial. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the level of antibody response. Results showed that both vaccines elicited an immune response in all three age groups. A high percentage of the ostriches reacted positively, which indicates that both vaccines elicit antibody responses and may therefore give protection against ostrich mycoplasma infections.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volstruisboerdery is ‘n belangrike ekonomiese sektor in Suid-Afrika. Drie volstruismikoplasmas, Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03, is voorheen geïdentifiseer en voorlopig ‘Mycoplasma struthiolus’ (Ms) benaam na aanleiding van hul gasheer, Struthio camelus. Volstruismikoplasmas is die grootste oorsaaklike organismes van respiratoriese siektes, kudde verliese en die afgradering van karkasse wat lei tot groot ekonomiese verliese in die volstruisbedryf. Ten einde patogenies vir die gasheer te wees, moet mikoplasmas deur middel van ‘n aanhegtingsmeganisme vasheg – die sogenaamde puntvormige struktuur. Hierdie struktuur is in die pluimvee mikoplasma M. gallisepticum geïdentifiseer, en bestaan uit aanhegting proteïen GapA en die aanhegting verwante proteïen CrmA. Tans is geen volstruismikoplasma entstof kommersieel beskikbaar nie, en derhalwe het die behoefte ontstaan om so ‘n entstof te ontwikkel. Die eerste gedeelte van hierdie studie is dus gewy aan die identifisering en isolering van entstof kandidaat gene in al drie volstruismikoplasmas. Vier inleier benaderings vir polimerase ketting reaksies (PKR), klonering asook geenopeenvolging bepalings vir die identifisering van aanhegting of aanhegting verwante gene vanuit Ms01, Ms02 en Ms03 is gebruik. Die inleier benaderings het getoon dat die teikengene nie geïdentifiseer kon word nie as gevolg van hoë variasie in die gegenereerde geenopeenvolgings. Derhalwe is geenopeenvolgings met ander mikoplasma spesies deur middel van BLAST soektogte vergelyk. Resultate het getoon dat die betekenisvolste ooreenstemming dié met die menslike patogeen M. hominis oppD was, wat deel vorm van die membraan proteïen P100 operon wat betrokke is by aanhegting. Ander ooreenstemmings sluit ABC transporters in wat moontlik betrokke kan wees by aanhegting. Die tweede gedeelte van hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om te toets of twee pluimvee mikoplasma entstowwe, M. synoviae en M. gallisepticum, gebruik kan word in volstruise om immuunresponse te ontlok tot tyd en wyl ‘n volstruismikoplasma entstof ontwikkel is. Volstruise vanaf drie plase in verskillende ouderdomsgroepe in die Oudtshoorn distrik was ingeënt met hierdie entstowwe in ‘n entstof proefneming. Die ensiem-afhanklike immuno-absorpsie essaï (ELISA) was gebruik om antiliggaam response te toets. Die resultate het getoon dat beide entstowwe immuunresponse ontlok het in al drie ouderdomsgroepe. ‘n Groot persentasie van die volstruise het positief gereageer wat ‘n aanduiding is dat beide entstowwe immuunresponse ontlok het en kan dus beskerming bied teen volstruismikoplasma infeksies.

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Nuorala, Emilia. "Molecular palaeopathology : ancient DNA analyses of the bacterial diseases tuberculosis and leprosy /." Stockholm : Archaeological Research Laboratory [Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-231.

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32

Thompson, Matthew James. "Predicting serious bacterial infections in children in primary care." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670104.

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Banja, Wakweya Dugassa. "Antibiotic use in two hospitals in West Wollega, Ethiopia." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1263.

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In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the world’s most serious public health problems with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality, and costs. To date, there has been no formal antibiotic use study conducted in the West Wollega zone of Ethiopia to assess antibiotic utilization. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic use in two hospitals in the West Wollega zone of Ethiopia, namely Gimbie Adventist Hospital and Nedjo Hospitals, using drug utilization metrics and the costs associated. In addition it was to assess the correlation between diagnosed infectious diseases and antibiotic prescriptions. This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive review of antibiotic usage in the two hospitals in the year 2007. Prescriptions dispensed in the first month of each quarter of 2007 were reviewed. The number of prescriptions screened, antibiotic courses started, antibiotic days by specific agent and overall, the cost of individual and all antibiotics, the number and type of infectious diseases diagnosed were collected from which core drug use indicators were calculated. The correlation between infectious disease diagnosed and the antibiotic days prescribed were analyzed. A total of 18568 antibiotic and non-antibiotic prescriptions were reviewed retrospectively in the four months of the study period, 47 percent of which contained at least one antibiotic. The average number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.33 and 1.09 whilst the percentage of injectable antibiotics prescribed was 83.2 percent and 3.76 percent to outpatients and inpatients respectively. Antibiotics prescribed from the Essential Drug List (EDL) and List of Drugs for District Hospital (LDDH) were 63.0 percent, 74.8 percent, and 90.8 percent and 76.1 percent for outpatients and inpatients respectively. 98.6 percent of outpatient and 97.0 percent inpatient prescribed antibiotics were actually dispensed. Penicillins and quinolones were the most prescribed antibiotics in both inpatient and outpatient departments constituting 43.46 percent and 24.08 percent respectively. The antibiotic utilization ratio, incidence of outpatient antibiotic use, incidence of inpatient antibiotic use, the number of Defined Daily Doses (DDD)/1000inhabitants/year and DDD/100 Occupied Bed Days (OBD) for the zone was 0.16, 17.25, 23.56, 158.61, and 70 respectively. Antibiotic cost constituted 33.7 percent of all expenditure on drug, cost of antibiotic per patient care day and cost per antibiotic day was 3.84 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) ($0.40) and 6.29 ETB ($0.66) respectively. The correlation between infectious diseases diagnosed and antibiotic prescription shows significant variation. At outpatient departments alone an average number of antibiotic courses started was 2.7 at Gimbie Adventist Hospital and 7.6 for Nedjo Hospital. When overall antibiotic days prescribed and required was compared in both hospitals, there were 2.4 and 5 times more antibiotic days prescribed than were required for Gimbie and Nedjo Hospitals respectively. This suggests that the overuse of antibiotic is worse in the government hospital (Nedjo Hospital) than in the mission hospital (Gimbie Adventist Hospital). This study suggested that there was overuse of antibiotics in the West Wollega hospitals although further investigation is needed to identify its underlying causes and nature. It is recommended that the health personnel, the hospital management, the zonal and regional Health Bureau, the regulatory bodies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) work hand-in-hand to promote the rational use of antibiotics in this region so that the consequences and financial cost of antimicrobial resistance can be prevented.

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34

Yip, Chi-wai, and 葉志偉. "Characterization of the cell entry mechanism of infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44756306.

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35

Stevens, Kim Barbra. "Risk-based decision making tools for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in domestic poultry in Asia : a comparison of spatial-modelling methods." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701672.

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36

Caver, Tony E. "Role of IgG-bound TGF[beta]1 and IAP in modulating neutrophil-mediated host defense against bacterial infection." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9809663.

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37

Rudd, Matthew Francis, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Virulence determinants of infectious bursal disease virus." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.103742.

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The very virulent (vv) pathotype of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has spread rapidly throughout Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Although Australia is currently unaffected, there remains the potential for incursion of an exotic isolate. The aim of this study was to identify putative virulence determinants of IBDV to facilitate the development of improved diagnostic assays for detection and characterisation of vvIBDV isolates. Sequencing of Indonesian vvIBDV Tasik94 revealed a unique substitution [ A¨S222] in the hypervariable region (HVR) of viral protein (VP) VP2, which did not appear to impinge on virulence or antigenicity. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Tasik94 was closely related to Asian and European vvIBDV strains. Extensive alignment of deduced protein sequences across the HVR of VP2 identified residuesI242 I256 and I294 as putative markers of the vv phcnotype. Comparison of the pathology induced by mildly-virulent Australian IBDV 002/73 and Indonesian vvIBDV Tasik94, revealed that histological lesions in the spleen, thymus and bone marrow were restricted to Tasik94-infected birds, suggesting the enhanced pathogenicity of vvIBDV might be attributed to replication in non-bursal lymphoid organs. The biological significance of the VP2 HVR in virulence was assessed using recombinant viruses generated by reverse genetics. Both genomic segments of Australian IBDV 002/73, and recombinant segment A constructs in which the HVR of 002/73 was replaced with the corresponding region of either tissue culture-adapted virus or vvIBDV (Tasik94), were cloned behind T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequences. In vitro transcription/translation of each construct resulted in expression of viral proteins. Co-transfection of synthetic RNA transcripts initiated replication of both tissue culture-adapted parental and recombinant viruses, however attempts to rescue non-adapted viruses in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were unsuccessful. Nucleotide sequence variation in the HVR of VP2 was exploited for the development of a new diagnostic assay to rapidly detect exotic IBDV isolates, including vvIBDV, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification and Bmrl restriction enzyme digestion. The assay was capable of differentiating between endemic and exotic IBDV in 96% of 105 isolates sequenced to date.

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Lorca, Tatiana Andrea. "The Affects of Explosively and Electrically Generated Hydrodynamic Shock Waves on the Bacterial Flora of Beef and Poultry." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11046.

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The affects of hydrodynamic shock wave treatment on the bacterial flora of raw beef and poultry were evaluated. Hydrodynamic shock waves were generated in an aqueous treatment medium by either the detonation of two types of explosive charges (explosively-generated hydrodynamic shock waves [EHSW]) (a binary or a molecular explosive) or by electrical discharge (high voltage arc discharge Hydrodyne (TM [HVADH; Hydrodyne, Inc.]). A variety of sample types (whole steaks, ground beef, a water and ground beef slurry) were used to determine the lethality affects of EHSW on cells of the marker microorganism Listeria innocua suspended in a simple broth medium. These sample types were used in order to evaluate the affects of the process not only on the surface, but throughout the bulk of the samples in order to determine whether EHSW could also be used as a non-thermal alternative to reduce the bacterial flora of non-intact or ground meats. The levels of psychrotrophic, lactic, and coliform populations on the surface of whole eye of round steaks submitted to EHSW processing did not differ (P> 0.05) from those of untreated whole eye of round steaks. Parameters expected to influence the nature, magnitude, and propagation of the hydrodynamic shock wave were also varied and evaluated in order to determine which individual parameter or combination of parameters affected the bactericidal potential of EHSW or HVADH processing. Treatment with EHSW failed (P > 0.05) to produce lethality effects on the psychrotrophic, lactic, and coliform populations of ground beef, regardless of the composition and mass of explosive used, the number of successive EHSW treatments used, the relative distance between the explosive charge and the top surface of the sample, or the temperature of the water used in the treatment chamber. EHSW processing did not change (P >0.05) the bacterial population of treated ground beef samples when compared to untreated controls during a five day refrigerated storage study. No lethality effects were observed (P >0.05) in ground beef samples treated by HVADH when samples were subjected to one, two, or three successive HVADH treatments. Minimal penetration of surface inoculated bacteria was observed for both beef steaks and boneless skinless chicken breasts subjected to EHSW and HVADH, respectively. In EHSW-treated beef eye of round steaks, marker bacteria were detected within the first 300 um of tissue below the inoculated surface, 50-100 um beyond the depth of untreated surface inoculated steaks. In HVADH-treated boneless skinless chicken breasts, marker bacteria were detected within the first 200 um below the inoculated surface, 50-100 um beyond the depth of untreated surface inoculated boneless skinless chicken breasts. This suggests that although no difference in the bacteriological populations was observed between EHSW treated, HVADH treated, and untreated control samples of whole steaks (and ground beef treated with both HVADH and EHSW), HVADH and EHSW treatments affect the movement of surface bacteria. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidelines suggest intact beef steaks be cooked to achieve a cooked color appearance on the surface and raw poultry be cooked to an internal temperature of 77Â° C to inactivate the pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7 and salmonellae which are of concern in beef and poultry, respectively. By following these guidelines during proper cooking, consumers achieve thermal inactivation of these pathogens. Since the movement of the marker bacterium observed in treated steaks and boneless skinless chicken breasts was minimal, proper cooking of the products would be expected to inactivate vegetative bacterial cells at this depth. Therefore, EHSW and HVADH treated whole beef steaks and boneless skinless chicken breasts would not be expected to pose a bacterial hazard if the products were properly cooked.
Ph. D.

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39

Montoya, Vincent Keith. "Metagenomic analyses of two female genital tract diseases : bacterial vaginosis and ovarian cancer." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44333.

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Metagenomics is a rapidly evolving field that has facilitated the expansion of microbiology into new areas of human and environmental health. Metagenomic studies have expanded the phylogenetic tree of life by increasing taxonomic resolution in individual phyla as well as adding entirely new branches of life. This revolution in microbiology has been made possible by the introduction of second-generation high-throughput sequencing, the associated methods for preparing DNA sequencing libraries, as well as new bioinformatic algorithms for analyzing these new types of data. Because of the novelty of these methods, very few have been systematically tested for their sensitivities and specificities outside of the initial development process. As the interpretation of metagenomic studies utilizing these tools depends greatly upon their efficiencies in both detection and classification, it is essential to best determine the performance of each tool. In this study, a variety of novel techniques were utilized and tested in their abilities to characterize the microbial populations in two regions of the female genital tract: ovarian cancer tissue and the vaginal microbiome. Although a diverse microbial population was initially observed in the transcriptome sequence data for ovarian cancer using next generation sequencing, we were unable to recover these microbial sequences through PCR and Sanger sequencing approaches. Optimized methods were applied to healthy vaginal microbiome samples and tested for their ability to differentiate them from a polymicrobial disease of the vagina, bacterial vaginosis. In addition to a high correlation between a microbial scoring system for bacterial vaginosis, this novel metagenomic pipeline also revealed microorganisms not yet associated with the vaginal microbiome such as specific Bifidobacteria spp., various bacteriophage, and Debaryomyces. Collectively, both of these studies provide unique insights into each disease as well as illustrate both the limitations and potential of the rapidly growing field of metagenomics.

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Akiew, E. B. "Potato diseases in South Australia : studies in leafroll, early blight and bacterial wilt /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha315.pdf.

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41

Höök, Helena. "Campylobacter epidemiology : insights from subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200589.pdf.

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42

Yip, Chi-wai, and 葉志偉. "Characterization of cellular receptors of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36759533.

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Hon, Chung-chau, and 韓鍾疇. "Molecular evolution of infectious bursal disease virus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38821898.

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44

Verkasalo, Erkki I. "Relationship of bacterial infection and stress wave travel time in red oak lumber." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020145/.

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Prapaiwong, Naparat Arias Covadonga R. "Study of bacterial flora in Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) treat with high pressure." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1522.

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46

Lewis, Sally O'Donovan Gerard A. "Development of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9840.

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47

Simmons, Carla Stull. "Influence of copper on resistance of Lumbricus terrestris to bacterial challenge." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2602/.

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Earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, were challenged orally and intracoelomically with two bacterial species, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and mortality rates were observed. Neither were found to be particularly pathogenic at injected doses of up to 108 bacteria per earthworm. The influence of Cu++ (as CuSO4) on the earthworm's response to bacterial challenge was investigated by exposing earthworms to sublethal levels of Cu++ prior to bacterial challenge. Exposure at sublethal concentrations up to 3 m g/cm2 did not have a pronounced influence on host resistance to challenge as measured by earthworm mortality. Cu++ increased the earthworm's ability to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes, indicating that Cu++ exposure caused coelomocyte death, autolysis and release of agglutinins into the coelom, possibly explaining resistance to bacterial challenge.

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48

Peng, Zhao. "Contribution of TAL effectors in Xanthomonas to diseases of rice and wheat." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20443.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Plant Pathology
Frank F. White
Rice and wheat are two major crops that suffer losses from the diseases of bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, which are caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu), respectively. Transcriptional-Activator Like (TAL) effectors, a special family of type III effector proteins from Xanthomonas, have been demonstrated as critical virulence factors that act by inducing corresponding susceptibility (S) genes in several disease complexes of plants. In this study, I analyzed the contributions of TAL effectors from Xoo and Xtu to virulence and in modulating host gene expression to enhance susceptibility. Specifically, the TalC effector from the African Xoo strain AXO1947 was identified as a critical virulence factor, which functions by promoting expression of the gene OsSWEET14 in rice. TalC is interchangeable with other major TAL effectors from Asian strains of Xoo on the basis of functional complementation. The TAL effector PthXo2 from the Asian Xoo strain JXO1 is a major virulence factor and contains 21.5 repeats in the central repetitive region that targets OsSWEET13 in indica rice varieties but not in japonica rice varieties. A one repeat deletion in the PthXo2 effector enabled effector specificity to switch from indica rice to japonica rice. TAL effector genes from a genomic analysis of the Xtu strain XT4699 and related strains were characterized with regards to their involvement in virulence and the modulation of host gene expression in the Chinese Spring wheat cultivar. The identification of TAL effectors with virulence contributions and their target S genes is important for understanding the virulence mechanisms of Xanthomonas bacteria and promises to provide new strategies for disease control.

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Liao, Qiuyan, and 廖秋燕. "Live poultry exposure and avian influenza (H5N1) risk perception in Guangzhou, 2006-2007." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290586.

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Hulbig, Veronica A. "Developing a Model for Bacterial Kidney Disease in the Zebrafish, Danio rerio." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2010. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HulbigVA2010.pdf.

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