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Academic literature on the topic 'Bactéries hétérotrophes – Arctique, Océan'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bactéries hétérotrophes – Arctique, Océan"
Berrouard, Mariane. "Contribution des bactéries hétérotrophes au cycle marin de l'azote dans l'océan Arctique canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28096/28096.pdf.
Full textBœuf, Dominique. "Importance écologique des bactéries photohérérotrophes dans l'océanArctique." Paris 6, 2013. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-00830741.
Full textThe photoheterotrophy is the capacity to use both organic substrates and light energy. The aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB), the proteorhodopsin-containing bacteria (PRB) and the picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus) practice it. Increases in organic carbon exported by rivers and in exposure of sea surface to solar radiations are intensifying in Arctic. Hence, this study area is particulary interesting to understand the role of these bacteria in carbon and light uses. Using multiple approaches in absolute quantification, cultural and molecular diversities, our study is the first to characterize at high resolution scale the photoheterotrophs in the Arctic Ocean. Picocyanobacteria were only detectable in the Mackenzie estuary whereas AAPB and PRB were present throughout the Beaufort Sea. AAPs were strongly linked with river inputs contrasting to PRB, principally oligotrophs. Both distributions of AAPB and PRB exhibited different patterns of those of bacterioplankton suggesting an ecological advantage of the photoheterotrophy in these waters. The AAPB community was dominated by a new Betaproteobacterial clade and Rhodobacterales. Alphaproteobacteria, especially the SAR11 group and SAR116 endemic clades, dominated the PR community. The majority of PRB groups actively expressed the PR suggesting probable benefits. Together, our data highlight the photoheterotrophy is common in Arctic Ocean and suggest that his role could be different depending on the environmental conditions encountered
Jeanthon, Christian. "Bactéries hétérotrophes associées aux Alvinellidae inféodés aux sources hydrothermales profondes (13oN) : comportement vis-à-vis des métaux lourds." Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2002.
Full textBoeuf, Dominique. "importance écologique des bactéries photohétérotrophes dans l'océan arctique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830741.
Full textMotard-Côté, Jessie. "Dynamique et affiliation phylogénétique des bactéries consommatrices de diméthylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) dans les eaux arctiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27544/27544.pdf.
Full textThe bacterial metabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of the climate-active gas dimethylsulfide (DMS), was characterized in Arctic waters in September 2008, using the radioisotopic tracer 35S-DMSP and the MAR-CARD-FISH method. DMSP contributed on average 7 and 51% of the bacterial requirements in carbon and sulfur, respectively. Between 40 and 65% of the bacterial community assimilated DMSP, with a stronger contribution from the groups Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria (other than Roseobacter). The different bacterial assemblages were associated with two surface water masses: the Arctic Surface (AS) water, and the warmer and saltier Baffin Bay Surface (BBS) water. In BBS, which showed a higher bacterial abundance, the DMSP uptake was higher than in AS. Those results show that the alteration of water mass characteristics anticipated by current climate models could affect the DMS(P) dynamics and the resulting DMS flux to the atmosphere.
Fourquez, Marion. "Rôle des bactéries hétérotrophes dans le couplage des cycles du fer et du carbone dans l'océan." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066189.
Full textThe metabolic response of two strains of Alteromonas macleodii, isolated from contrasting marine environments (coastal and oceanic), was investigated. Iron limitation leads to a decrease in respiration and significant changes in expression of several key enzymes associated with carbon catabolism, specifically those involved the citric acid cycle and glycolysis. The study shows strain-specific responses to iron limitation. Growth rate of the oceanic strain was less sensitive to low iron concentrations compared to those of the coastal strain. The study provides new insights into how heterotrophic bacteria acclimatize to low iron concentrations. Thus, by altering carbon metabolism and energy acquisition of heterotrophic bacteria, Fe may affect cycling of carbon in certain oceanic regions. In order identify marine bacterial assemblages actively incorporating iron, microautoradiography combined with CARD-FISH was developed using 55Fe as the radioisotope. Initial application of this technique highlights its potential and shows the major contribution of Gammaproteobacteria, including Alteromonas genus, to iron incorporation in both NW Mediterranean Sea and Southern Ocean. In the Southern Ocean bacterial iron demand was measured during the KEOPS2 cruise. At the beginning of the spring bloom, bacteria competed strongly with pico-nanoplankton for iron. Iron incorporation by bacteria was 20 times higher when pico-nanoplankton was removed. The results suggest that the availability of dissolved organic carbon is a crucial parameter for bacterial iron demand and could indirectly influence trophic relationships
Dadaglio, Laëtitia. "Dynamique des communautés bactériennes en réponse au bloom phytoplanctonique dans l’océan Arctique et identification des acteurs microbiens impliqués dans la dégradation de la matière organique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS488.
Full textGlobal warming leads to a drastic decrease in the coverage and thickness of the ice pack leading to longer and more intense Arctic phytoplankton blooms. The increase in primary production associated to the phytoplankton bloom could induce pronounced changes in the functioning of the Arctic ecosystem, in particular the bacterial communities (BC) implicated in the degradation of organic matter (OM). The objectives of the present thesis were to (1) describe the in situ temporal and spatial dynamics of the BC during the ice retreat and the spring phytoplankton bloom, and (2) identify experimentally the bacterial players responsible for the degradation of OM excreted by different Arctic microalgae. The results show a rapid response of the BC to the phytoplankton bloom during the ice retreat, with simultaneous maxima in chla and bacterial abundance. Modifications in the BC composition (BCC) appear prior and during the phytoplankton bloom with a decrease in the bacterial diversity. The rapid acclimation of the BC to the fresh phytoplankton OM could be due to preceding OM production by ice microalgae or by algal mats attached to the ice. Ice retreat and phytoplankton bloom development lead to a BC dominated by Oceanospirillales and Flavobacteriaceae. Field and experimental results highlight Polaribacter as a key player in the degradation of OM produced during diatom dominated phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean. Our results also suggest a modification in the phytoplankton community composition (towards picoeukaryotes) linked to global warming could have consequences on the activity and composition of the associated BC