Journal articles: 'Baden culture'

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Wild, Eva Maria, Peter Stadler, Mária Bondár, Susanne Draxler, Herwig Friesinger, Walter Kutschera, Alfred Priller, Werner Rom, Elisabeth Ruttkay, and Peter Steier. "New Chronological Frame for the Young Neolithic Baden Culture in Central Europe (4th Millennium BC)." Radiocarbon 43, no. 2B (2001): 1057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200041710.

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The Baden Culture is a widely spread culture of the Young Neolithics in east-central Europe. In southeast Europe, several parallel cultures are found at different places. The main innovations in east-central Europe associated with the Baden Culture were traditionally thought to originate in southeast Europe, Anatolia, and the Levant. However, in recent years, doubt about this theory has arisen among archaeologists.Here, we try to contribute to this question by increasing the radiocarbon data set available for the Baden Culture. Thirty-two age determinations of samples from different sites assigned to the Baden Culture were performed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating. The new data were combined with previously published 14C dates. Data from the individual cultural phases of the entire Baden period and the parallel cultures in southeast Europe (Sitagroi, Cernavoda, and Ezero) were analyzed by sum calibration. Comparison of the results indicates that the southeastern cultures cannot be synchronized with the Boleráz period, the early phase of the Baden Culture. It seems that these cultures were parallel to the Baden Classical period. This finding, which has to be verified by more data from the southeastern cultures, contradicts the theory of the east-west spreading of these cultures.

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Horváth, Tünde, S. éva Svingor, and Mihály Molnár. "New Radiocarbon Dates for the Baden Culture." Radiocarbon 50, no. 3 (2008): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200053546.

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In 2001–2002, a settlement of the Baden culture was excavated in the vicinity of Balatonoszöd. During the rescue excavation along the M7 highway, in an area of 100,000 m2, 2800 pits dug into the subsoil, 320 hearths, and cultural layers rich in material were discovered. The material of the Baden culture represents phases IB–IC (Boleraz), IIA (Transitional), IIB–III (Early Classical) according to Němejcová-Pavúková's (1981, 1998) typological system. We took 20 samples from the large number of human and animal skeletons for radiocarbon dating, of which 16 measurements were successful. These results provide absolute dates for a Baden culture settlement with the longest occupation and the largest excavated surface in Hungary. This provides an opportunity to review the chronological position of the Baden culture, with special emphasis on its beginning and end.

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Rybicka, Małgorzata, and Dmytro Verteletskyi. "Impact of the Baden Complex Upon the Tripolye and Funnel Beaker Cultures in Western Ukraine." Baltic-Pontic Studies 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bps-2020-0003.

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Abstract In scientific literature the discussion over the evident ties between the Baden complex and Tripolye culture dates back to the mid 1990s and is related to Sofievka type complexes. In earlier papers by scholars on TC Stage CII only passing mention was given to Baden influences, the exception being works by Mykhailo Videiko, who paid particular attention to contacts with the Carpathian Basin. He noted their impact upon Troyaniv-Gorodsk type complexes and pointed out the presence of the Baden pottery style in the settlements of the Kasperivtsy-Gordineşti complex. The adoption of Baden traits by communities belonging to the Funnel Beaker and Tripolye cultures in western Volhynia ran along very different lines. The quantity of data on Baden influence upon Funnel Beaker culture communities in the area between the Western Bug, Upper Dniester and Styr rivers remains small.

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Jayme, Erik. "Towards a European Legal Culture. Ed. by Geneviève Helleringer and Kai Purnhagen. Baden-Baden 2014." Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 80, no. 1 (2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/003372516x14497453829962.

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Kumar, Pratyush. "Review Essay: M. Kotzur (Ed.), Peter Häberle on Constitutional Theory: Constitution as Culture and the Open Society of Constitutional Interpreters." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 3 (September 2019): 769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119868899.

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Brzeska-Zastawna, Agnieszka. "Reutilization of axes made from Jurassic flint in G variant on the example of the materials from site 1 in Książnice Wielkie, Proszowice district, Małopolska Province." Recherches Archéologique Nouvelle Serie 9 (December 31, 2018): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/rechacrac.ns9.10.

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Excavations at the Książnice Wielkie 1 site were carried out in the 1920s by Józef Żurowski. The site is known to Neolithic researchers primarily as a settlement of the Funnel Beaker culture (Burchard, Eker 1964) and as a cemetery of the Corded Ware culture (Machnik 1964). Furthermore, ceramic materials found there became the basis for distinguishing the Wyciąże-Książnice group of the Proto-Baden horizon (Kozłowski 1971; 1989), which refers to the oldest influences from the Baden complex on the local group of the Polgár circle, and the Książnice Wielkie type (Machnik 1966) – the oldest horizon of Corded Ware funerary finds in western Lesser Poland. This article presents the results of analyses of selected flint artefacts – originating from the reutilization of axes – discovered in the context of pottery of the Funnel Beaker culture and the Funnel Beaker-Baden assemblages.

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Gaszka, Agata. "Neolithic materials from the main chamber of Ciemna Cave, southern Poland (excavation between 2007 to 2012)." Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 57 (December 2022): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/00015229aac.22.001.17455.

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This paper presents the results of the detailed analysis of Neolithic ceramic, stone and bone artefacts found in the main chamber of Ciemna Cave during excavations between 2007 and 2012. The Neolithic materials from Ciemna Cave are connected with Linear Pottery culture, the Lengyel-Polgár cycle (the Malice culture, the Pleszów group, and the Wyciąże-Złotniki group), Funnel Beaker culture and Baden culture. The assemblage is dominated by artefacts linked mainly with the Pleszów group and Baden culture. A noteworthy achievement is the establishment of a stratigraphic correlation between Neolithic materials and artefacts from other archaeological periods. Ciemna Cave is one of Poland’s most influential Neolithic cave sites with numerous diverse Neolithic materials.

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Furholt, Martin. "Pottery, cultures, people? The European Baden material re-examined." Antiquity 82, no. 317 (September 1, 2008): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0009726x.

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The Baden culture, like others in central Europe, has long been assumed to be the material indication of a people. In a searing analytical deconstruction, the author shows that ‘Baden’ pottery has no equivalence with other cultural practices, and is itself an amalgam of a number of different pottery fabrics and styles, many of them regionally diverse. Singled out among them is the early Boreláz fine ware which is actively spread in central Europe, perhaps accompanied by a knowledge of the first wheeled vehicles.

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Spasic, Milos. "Vinca-Belo Brdo: Vernissages of eneolithic belgrade and its vicinity I." Starinar, no. 59 (2009): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0959027s.

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The following paper will discuss the problems of Eneolithic settlements of Baden and Kostolac culture at Vinca near Belgrade. Eneolithic horizons from Vinca site were scarcely published owing to the fact that both Baden and Kostolac layers are not well stratified because of heavy medieval devastations. In spite of all post-depositional destructions Eneolithic settlements at Vinca show enormous significance for understanding the life of the period, both on the micro and macro-regional scale. At the same time, this work is a sort of an insight into the results of ongoing analysis of material culture and socio-economic patterns of Eneolithic period settlements in Belgrade and its vicinity.

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Horváth, Tünde. "Harcosnők klubja? – Specializált társadalmi helyzetű nők a késő rézkor időszakában Magyarországon." Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei, no. 5 (2018): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26080/krrmkozl.2018.5.79.

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This article focus on the status of the woman in the main cultures (Baden complex and Yamna) of the Late Copper Age (3600–2800 BC) and the transitional period (2800–2600 BC). Although the Bell Beaker complex belongs to the Early Bronze Age in Hungary (2500–1900 BC), in European terminologies it is a Late Neolithic culture and belongs to the Reinecke A0 horizon in its late phase, which is why I included it into my research. I identify charismatic people displaying signs of agression in these three culture complexes, whose personalities are associated with warfare. In all three cultures there were women with specialised status: their knowledge, property and profession raised them above the average man and woman.

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Horváth, Tünde, Julianna Cseh, Péter Barkóczy, Laura Juhász, Sándor Gulyás, Zsolt Bernert, and Ágota Buzár. "A double burial of the Baden culture from Tatabánya–Delphi (northern Transdanubia, Hungary) – A case study of the Dentalium beads of the Baden culture and their interpretation." Quaternary International 539 (February 2020): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.09.009.

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Borowska, Agata. "Baden culture settlement at Grodkowice site 4, Kłaj municipality, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in the context of pottery material." Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 74, no. 2 (April 6, 2023): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/sa/74.2022.2.3142.

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This paper presents results of excavations conducted by Zdzisław Sochacki at Grodkowice site 4 in 1959, 1962-1963. An area of 1.15 h was explored during these three seasons and 50 features of the Baden culture were unearthed. The recovered materials have never been published completely. Some of them, together with the whole field documentation, were lost. However, the storerooms of the Faculty of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw accommodate a collection of pottery vessels from this site, and these vessels were subjected to a number of analyses. As a result of multi-proxy approach in the analysis of the pottery, mainly examination focussing on plant macro-remains, it was possible to establish the type of the economy of the Baden culture society at the site. Mineral and petrographic analyses indicated the composition and details of vessel production. Another important aspect of the study is an attempt at establishing the chronology of the settlement in relation to the pottery style. Radiocarbon dating contributed to clarification of this issue. The settlement at Grodkowice is definitely very interesting, and importantly, one of the few explored settlements. Although some of the material was lost, it was possible to fill a gap on the map of Baden culture settlement activity in the region of Wieliczka and Bochnia.

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Horváth, Tünde. "A new human representation from the Baden culture: a mask from Balatonőszöd." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 55, no. 3-4 (November 2004): 179–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aarch.55.2004.3-4.1.

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Lilleholt, Kåre. "Geneviève Helleringer and Kai Purnhagen (eds), Towards a European Legal Culture (Baden-Baden/München/Oxford: C.H. Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2014)." European Review of Private Law 22, Issue 4 (August 1, 2014): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2014048.

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Horváth, Tünde. "A Transzcendens megnyilvánulása: kultusztárgyak Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő Boleráz/badeni településen." Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei, no. 1 (2013): 137–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26080/krrmkozl.2013.01.137.

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in the large settlement of Boleráz-Baden culture at Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő site we excavated many finds described as cultic objects in the archaeological publications. The exact describitions and complex analyses of the finds and theirs features, circumstances give new informations for the sacral life of the Late Copper Age.

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Andrea, Zhaneta. "Elemente të kulturave Baden, Kocofen e Kostolac në kulturën e Bronzit të hershëm në Shqipëri / Éléments des cultures Baden, Cotofen et Kostolac dans la culture du Bronze ancien en Albanie." Iliria 29, no. 1 (1999): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/iliri.1999.1710.

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Zastawny, Albert. "New data in research on absolute chronology of the Baden culture in Lesser Poland." Studia Historica Nitriensia 27, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17846/shn.2023.27.s.35-46.

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Horváth, Tünde, Attila Kreiter, and Orsolya Viktorik. "A Vessel of the Funnel Beaker Culture at Salgótarján-Pécs-Kő." Baltic-Pontic Studies 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bps-2019-0001.

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Abstract This study describes and discusses an old find from a wholly new perspective. The non-local fragment or fragments represent imports or imitations that can be linked to the Funnel Beaker culture and not to Kostolác, Coţofeni, Livezile or Bošáca as originally suggested by József Korek. The hallmarks distinctive to the culture are the ornamented rim exterior and rim interior, the zigzag motif under the rim and the ladder motif on the belly. However, the channelling on the belly is a typical Baden trait, which has not been noted on Funnel Beaker vessels to date. The best and closest analogies can be cited from the Baden settlement at Oldalfala/Stránska–Mogyorós, where they were erroneously identified as Coţofeni/Livezile imports. The occurrence of Funnel Beaker pottery on several sites on the southern fringes of the Western Carpathians suggests a more complex situation; however, their stratigraphic contexts on these multi-period, stratified sites remain unclear due to the field techniques employed during the old excavations. The determination of the exact place of origin is rather difficult within the culture’s vast distribution, although they can most likely be assigned to the Funnel Beaker eastern group, Wiórek phase (IIIB – IIIB-C in the current terminology), whose absolute dates fall between 3700/3600 and 3200 BC. The petrographic analyses revealed that the clay and the tempering agents are of local volcanic origin, providing conclusive evidence that Funnel Beaker vessels had been made locally. In this sense, the pottery fragment discussed here can be best described as a local hybrid product.

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Weatherill, Stephen. "Book Review: Towards a European Legal Culture, edited by Geneviève Helleringer and Kai Purnhagen. (Baden-Baden/Munich/Portland: Nomos/C.H. Beck/Hart Publishing, 2014)." Common Market Law Review 51, Issue 6 (December 1, 2014): 1851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2014141.

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TKACHUK, Taras. "CONTACTS OF ENEOLITHIC CULTURES AND THEIR LOCAL GROUPS ON THE TERRITORY OF SUB-CARPATHIAN, WESTERN PODILLIA AND VOLHYNIA." Materials and Studies on Archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian Area 22 (December 11, 2018): 54–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2018-22-54-90.

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According to data of analysis of materials from the settlement of Kozyna, process of Enolitization of Sub-Carpathian region began about 4500–4400 BC and it is associated with the arrival of bearers of Trypillia culture (Stage A) on these lands. Contacts with bearers of Malitska and Tiszapolgár cultures were confirmed. About 4400–4300 BC in Sub-Carpathians Trypillia culture with polychrome painting and in-depth ceramic ornament of Nezvysko II type (stage BI) existed. Trypillian population of this region had contacts with Tiszapolgár culture. At the period between 4200–4000 BC, this territory was densely populated by Trypillians of Zalischyky group (stage B1–BII). Its representatives contacted with Malitska and Liublin-Vohlynian cultures, as well as with Tiszapolgár culture. Approximately about 4000 BC in the area of modern Gorodenka district settlements from the phase I of Shypyntsi group of Nezvysko III type (stage BII) existed. They were not found in northern part of Sub-Carpathian region. Bearers of this group penetrated to the territory of Goryn’ (Bodaky), Podillia (Goloskiv) and further – to Middle Bug region (Voroshylivka). They had contacts with Liublin-Volhynian culture. Around 3900–3800 BC in southern part of Sub-Carpathian and Podillia regions settlements of Shypyntsi group of Tripillia culture (stage CI) existed. Representatives of this group had contacts with Bodrogkeresztúr culture. About 3800 BC expansion of Bădragii group of Trypillia culture began. Its “imports” were found in Bilche-Zolote–Verteba II and Bilyi Potik in Podillia. Around 3600 BC (beginning of CII stage), migration of Brînzeni group of Trypillia culture began. Under its influence Koshylivtsi one was formed. Bearers of Brînzeni traditions reached Volhynia. Close and distant contacts with the Funnelbeaker culture began. About 3300 BC (stage CII) bearers of Trypillia culture almost completely abandoned painted ceramic ware. It was replaced by corded and stamped ornament (Gordineşti-Kasperivtsi-Erbiceni group) and covering of the surface with red paint (Trojaniv group in Volhynia). Contacts with Funnelbeaker and Baden cultures are continued. Key words: Trypillia, Eneolithic, ceramics, “import”, ornamentation, contacts.

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Verteletskyi, Dmytro. "Obiekt kultury trypolskiej z etapu CII na stanowisku Liuczyn-Zawidow 3 (Wyżyna Wołyńska, Ukraina)." Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego 41 (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/misroa.2020.41.1.

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The article introduces new data on rescue research conducted in the Volhynian Upland. The partially destroyed feature of Trypillia culture was accidentally discovered in April 2020. It was decided to explore immediately the feature, as it was threatened with complete destruction. During the surveys materials that have mixed features and are characteristic of several local groups (Brynzeny-Żwanets, Horiv-Nowomalin, Trojaniw) ware recorded in the object as well as outisde of it. However, the predominant attributes affiliate to the Trojaniw group (type Kostianec-Kurgany). Among the materials there were traces of the Funnel Beaker culture (FBK) and Baden culture. Furthermore, a fragment of bone was recorded at the bottom of the object, which was sold by radiocarbon analysis in the Poznan laboratory (4585 + -35 BP).

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Nowak, Maciej, Jarosław Wilczyński, Jarosław Wróbel, Magda Kapcia, and Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo. "The Baden Culture finds from Goszcza site 1 (Kielnik): new archaeological, anthropological, archaeozoological and archaeobotanical data." Folia Quaternaria 87 (2019): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/21995923fq.19.002.11495.

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Moník, Martin, and Jan Sedláček. "Electric Resistivity Tomography and Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements at the Baden Culture Site Stavenice-Úsov (Czech Republic)." Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica - Natural Sciences in Archaeology V, no. 2/2014 (December 31, 2014): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2014.2.3.

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Sorenson, Kaitlyn Tucker. "‘Dionysian Socialism?’: The Korčula Summer School as Kurort of the New Left." Forum for Modern Language Studies 55, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqz033.

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Abstract This article explores and analyses several remarkable parallels between two unique cultural spaces, namely, that of the Korčula Summer School and that of the Kurorte – the Grand Spas of Central Europe. Though distinct from one another with respect to their historical as well as topographical locations within Europe, it is as cultural spaces that the two share their least apparent – but perhaps most significant – points of affinity. Just as Baden-Baden had served as the ‘summer capital of Europe’ for one set of cultural elites across political, linguistic and national boundaries, so did Korčula offer a space for cultural and intellectual exchange for philosophers from both sides of the Cold War. The article demonstrates how both of these spaces were marked by their shared internationalism, their political engagement, their privilege, their respective distance from daily social orders, and their intellectual intensity. Thus, it is suggested that Central-European Kurort culture – commonly considered a belle-époque phenomenon – did indeed survive the Great Wars, and found new expressions in a post-war, socialist context.

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Horváthová, Eva, Maria Lityńska-Zając, Anna Rauba-Bukowska, Jarosław Wilczyński, and Albert Zastawny. "Results of Natural Science Analyses of the Baden Culture Materials in the Šariš Region, North-Eastern Slovakia." Slovenská archeológia 70, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/slovarch.2022.70.1.

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AHMAD, Waqar, Asad ULLAH, Younas KHAN, Muhammad ARIF, and Usama AHMAD. "Management Effectiveness of Sheikh Baden National Park: Testing the Scope of Cultural Integrity." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 5 (September 11, 2021): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.5(53).14.

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A cross sectional-based research was conducted with the sole aim to assess the management effectiveness of Sheikh Baden National Park [SBNP] District Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with respect to cultural integrity. A sample size of 389 respondents were selected through simple random sampling to determine respondents attitude towards cultural integrity (independent variable) and management effectiveness of SBNP (dependent variable) through Likert scale as measurement tool. Further, descriptive (univaraite analysis) and inferential statistics (bivariate analysis) were carried out. With regards to bivariate results found that, an association of management effectiveness of SBNP was highly significant with historical events (p=0.004), introducing local culture to visitors (p=0.000), access to culturally rich areas (p=0.000), display of cultural events (p=0.000), handicrafts and food items production and promotion (p=0.000), alternate livelihood for disturbed communities (p=0.000) and trained wildlife staff (p=0.000). Improvements in promotion of SBNP and its related ecological, cultural and historical importance at mass scale by using both conventional and modern communication channels including mass media, print media, internet and social media etc. were major recommendations in light of the study.

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Honti, Szilvia, Ádám Dávid Hajdú, László Költő, István Molnár, Péter Gergely Németh, and Carmen Sipos. "Régészeti feltárások Somogy megyében 2007–2011 között." Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei, no. 1 (2013): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26080/krrmkozl.2013.1.107.

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Linearbandkeramik and Lengyel Culture: Barcs-Som-ogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Sertésteleptől ÉNy-ra, Hollád, Komlósd-Mogyorós (settlements); Balaton-Las-inja Culture: Gyékényes, Lulla-Büdösalja (settlements); „Furch-enstich” ceramic Culture: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Istvándi-Csontai-dűlő (settlements); Baden Culture: Kaposvár-Kisgát, Lulla-Jabapuszta (settlements); Somogyvár-Vinkovci Culture: Hollád, Lulla-Büdösalja, Lulla-Jabapuszta (settlements), Zamárdi-Réti földek (grave), Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/13 (set-tlement); Kisapostag Culture: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Kaposvár-Kisgát (settlements); Urnfield Culture (earlier and elder period): Vörs-Battyáni disznólegelő (cemetery), Bar-cs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Gyékényes, Hollád, Siófok (settlements); Hallstatt Culture: Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/13, Siófok (settlements); Celtic age: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Gyékényes, Lulla-Büdösalja (settlements), Kaposvár-Ka-posfüred 67/13 (graves); Roman age: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Balatonszentgyörgy (Vörs-B), Gyékényes-Fehér-dűlő, Kaposvár-Kisgát, Lulla-Büdösalja, Sávoly (settlements), Somogyvár-Bréza-erdő (barrow grave), Lulla-Jabapuszta (settlement, first-third centuries); Avar period: Vörs-Battyáni disznólegelő, Kaposvár-Kertészet, Zamárdi-Réti földek (cem-eteries), Siófok (settlement); 10-11th centuries: Hollád (settle-ment), Kaposvár-Kertészet (cemetery); Arpadian-age: Barcs-Somogytarnóca-Aszalói dűlő, Hollád-Körforgalom, Kaposvár-Kaposfüred 67/12, Komlósd-Mogyorós, Lulla-Büdösalja (set-tlements), Iharos-temető, Kisberény-Helai-dűlő, Szőkedencs-temető (churchs, cemeteries); Late medieval period: Iharos-temető, Kisberény-Helai-dűlő, Szőkedencs-temető (churchs, cemeteries), Lulla-Büdösalja (settlement); Early new ages: Kaposvár-Kisgát (cemetery), Őrtilos-Új Zrinyi vár (fortress)

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Lindemann, M. "Karlsruhe--Friedenstein: Family, Cosmopolitanism and Political Culture at the Courts of Baden and Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (1750-1790)." German History 30, no. 4 (July 20, 2012): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghs070.

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Nowak, Marek. "Do 14C dates always turn into an absolute chronology? The case of the Middle Neolithic in western Lesser Poland." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.15.

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In the late 5th, 4th, and early 3rd millennia BC, different archaeological units are visible in western Lesser Poland. According to traditional views, local branches of the late Lengyel-Polgár complex, the Funnel Beaker culture, and the Baden phenomena overlap chronologically in great measure. The results of investigations done with new radiocarbon dating show that in some cases a discrete mode and linearity of cultural transformation is recommended. The study demonstrates that extreme approaches in which we either approve only those dates which fit with our concepts or accept with no reservation all dates as such are incorrect.

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Nowak, Marek. "Do 14C dates always turn into an absolute chronology? The case of the Middle Neolithic in western Lesser Poland." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 240–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.15.

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In the late 5th, 4th, and early 3rd millennia BC, different archaeological units are visible in western Lesser Poland. According to traditional views, local branches of the late Lengyel-Polgár complex, the Funnel Beaker culture, and the Baden phenomena overlap chronologically in great measure. The results of investigations done with new radiocarbon dating show that in some cases a discrete mode and linearity of cultural transformation is recommended. The study demonstrates that extreme approaches in which we either approve only those dates which fit with our concepts or accept with no reservation all dates as such are incorrect.

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Gray, Marion W. "“Modifying the Traditional for the Good of the Whole”: Commentary on State-Building and Bureaucracy in Nassau, Baden, and Saxony in the Early Nineteenth Century." Central European History 24, no. 2-3 (June 1991): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900019051.

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The three articles of this symposium contribute to a vital debate about the nature of modern German politics. The works by Barbara Anderson, Loyd Lee, and Lawrence Flockerzie discuss the political culture upon which the post-Napoleonic reconstruction of Germany rested. This political culture transcended the conventional concepts “liberal” and “conservative.” It was based on bourgeois ideals.

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Pyta, Wolfram. "Berlin statt Bonn: Die Hauptstadtentscheidung des Bundestags vom 20 . Juni 1991 als Ergebnis überfraktioneller Willensbildung." Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 53, no. 2 (2022): 409–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2022-2-409.

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Cross-Party decision-making is an exception in the parliamentary culture of the Federal Republic of Germany, since the governmental majority and the opposition face each other in parliament due to their functional difference . The article examines the question which procedures can be used to coordinate parliamentary decision-making, if the aforemen- tioned dualism of government factions and opposition factions does not work . The Bunde- stag’s decision of June 20, 1991 to relocate the government and parliament from Bonn to Berlin serves as an example here . On the one hand, the voting behavior of Baden-Württem- berg CDU MPs who voted for Berlin shows the decisive role of the state groups (Landes- gruppen), especially in such exceptional constellations . On the other hand, a close interde- pendence of politics on the state and federal level is recognizable, whereby in the case of Baden-Württemberg it was the CDU Landesgruppe that was interwoven with the CDU faction in the state parliament (Landtag) . At the same time, the example shows that cross- party group motions not only serve to pacify within parties but also represent a process to constitute the will of the people - not in form of a plebiscite, but through intra-parliamen- tary balance .

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Dobrzańska, Halina, Jarosław Wilczyński, and Albert Zastawny. "The settlement of the Baden culture at site 1 in Zofipole, Kraków district (results of excavations conducted in 1986)." Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 68 (2016): 223–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/sa68.2016.012.

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Rauba-Bukowska, Anna, Marzena Szmyt, and Danuta Żurkiewicz. "Changes in Late Funnel Beaker Pottery at the End of the 4th Millennium BC on the Polish Lowland: Case of Mrowino, Site 3. Preliminary Report on Mineralogical and Petrographic Research." Baltic-Pontic Studies 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bps-2019-0007.

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Abstract Archaeological site no. 3 at Mrowino is located on the Polish Lowland, in the Greater Poland region. It was excavated from 1973 until 1980. The excavation produced very rich movable finds, with the core of them being formed by Funnel Beaker culture (FBC) ceramics. The collections hold over 37,500 FBC pottery shards and several intact or reconstructed vessels. The vast majority of pottery comes from an FBC settlement dated to 3300-3150 BC. The pottery set includes vessels of clear Baden culture connections. For the mineral-ogical and petrographic study, 40 samples were selected to identify mineral and rock components of the ceramic body and compare the ways of raw-material preparation. In the studied samples, boulder clay in all probability was used to make the vessels. All studied samples were made from clay with grog and a small amount of sand as temper. In addition, several samples contained igneous rock crumbs. To find out if this was a deliberate or accidental admixture, it is necessary to carry out further research.

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Becher, H., C. Dreweck, W. Haas, E. Richter, S. Niemann, T. Junghanss, and U. Bischof. "Prospective Molecular Epidemiological Study on Transmission of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Migration (MuT Study)." Methods of Information in Medicine 43, no. 05 (2004): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633901.

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Summary Introduction: In Western Europe prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis in the indigenous population is declining and TB in migrants from high prevalence countries is becoming a major issue of TB control. Resulting changes in transmission patterns need to be investigated to adapt control strategies. The MuT (Migration and Tuberculosis) study a co-operation among federal and local public health services (ÖDG), the National Surveillance Center (RKI) and the University has been established in Baden-Wuerttemberg to address these issues. Objectives: The goal of this ongoing study is to determine the transmission dynamics of TB in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Here, we present the first set of data on TB cases and their contacts and discuss strategies to overcome arising difficulties. Methods: Prospective data collection of culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases and their contacts. Analysis of (1) routine data, (2) spatial data, (3) social interaction data, (4) molecular typing data, and (5) observational data of the implementation phase. Results: The study demonstrates the capability of the study consortium to identify clusters. It provides valuable insights into current case detection and case management procedures and shows ways to improve. A set of factors has been identified that (a) facilitate and (b) discourage study participation. Conclusion: Collaboration among federal and local public health services (ÖGD), National Surveillance Center (RKI) and the University is a promising approach to investigate and improve TB control. This model has potentials for other infectious disease control.

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Šumberová, Radka, and Milan Zápotocký. "Kultura nálevkovitých pohárů na silničním obchvatu Kolína (39./38.–35./34. stol. před Kr.). Sídelní síť mikroregionu a ohrazení typu dlouhých mohyl na východě středních Čech / The Funnel Beaker Culture on the Kolín Bypass Road (3900/3800–3500/3400 BC). The settlement network of the micro-region and long barrow-type enclosures in east central Bohemia." Památky archeologické 113, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 45–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.35686/pa2022.2.

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The study analyses the inventory of Funnel Beaker culture finds made during excavations along the route of the Kolín bypass road in 2008–2010. Features from this period were captured at a total of six sites situated along the entire section of the route. Three sites are of a broader, superregional importance. The remains of two long barrow-type enclosures and a sacrifice pit with a Moltzow-type beaker were investigated on area I-9 at the northern edge of the bypass road. The find assemblages from the settlement area on the broad surface of the promontory near Štítary helped identify the earliest phase of the early stage of the Funnel Beaker culture, which is specific to the eastern part of Bohemia. A fortification composed of a palisade and three extremely wide ditches protecting a settlement area of the earliest Funnel Beaker culture and the Baden culture was discovered in the corner of the Elbe terrace south of the Kolín suburb of Šťáralka. The issue of the settlement structure of the local micro-region in the Early Eneolithic is also addressed. The distribution of sites with hierarchical features as indicators of central functions connected with the given locality showed the crucial role played by the space between the lower branches of the Pekelský and Hořanský streams, with the function of a central site apparently being served by a hilltop settlement area at the Hroby site captured in the earlier excavations by F. Dvořák.

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Faragó, Norbert, Réka Katalin Péter, Ferenc Cserpák, Dávid Kraus, and Zsolt Mester. "New Perspectives on the Problems of the Exploitation Area and the Prehistoric Use of the Buda Hornstone in Hungary." Archaeologia Polona 56 (January 1, 2018): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/apa56.2018.011.

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The mountainous areas of the Carpathian basin have provided a wide spectrum of siliceous rocks for prehistoric people. Although the presence of outcrops of a kind of chert, named Buda hornstone was already known by geological and petrographic investigations, the developing Hungarian petroarchaeological research did not pay much attention to this raw material. Its archaeological perspectives have been opened by a discovery made at the Denevér street in western part of Budapest in the 1980s. During the excavations of the flint mine, not much was known about the distribution of this raw material in the archaeological record. Since then the growing amount of archaeological evidences showed that its first significant occurrence in assemblages can be dated to the Late Copper Age Baden culture, and it became more abundant through the Early Bronze age Bell-Beaker culture until the Middle Bronze Age tell cultures. Until now, 15 outcrops of the Buda hornstone have been localised on the surface. Based on thin section examinations taken from two different outcrops, we have made a clear distinction between three variants. In the last few years, archaeological supervision has been conducted during house constructions, suggesting the Buda hornstone occurrence takes the form of a secondary autochthonous type of source. In the framework of our research program, a systematic check of the raw materials is planned in the lithic assemblages of the nearby prehistoric sites, as well as to look for extraction pits or other mining features with the application of geophysical methods and a thorough analysis of the surface morphology

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Skurikhin, Denis S. "THE HISTORICITY OF HUMAN TRANSCENDENCE IN THE TRANSCENDENTAL THOMISM OF RICHARD SCHEFFLER." Studia Religiosa Rossica: Russian Journal of Religion, no. 4 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-4158-2021-4-43-54.

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In the 20th century European culture found itself in a situation of mutual alienation of many areas of culture – science, religion, ethics, art, etc., what, in turn, raised a theme of the relationship between cognition and history in the transcendental theory of knowledge with new acuity. A significant role in that process belongs to philosophers: members of the Vienna Circle and, later, analytical philosophers, neo-Kantians of the Marburg and Baden schools, representatives of transcendental Thomism. Among the projects aimed at overcoming the crisis there is the project of Richard Scheffler, a German philosopher and theologian. Following after Kant, Schaeffler turns to the most different areas of philosophy: phenomenology, hermeneutics, neo-Kantianism of Cohen and Cassirer, analytical philosophy of language. In addition, the influence of the theology of Karl Rahner, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Wilhelm Lotz can be traced in the writings of Schaeffler. The article considers the concept of religious experience by Richard Schaeffler, the underlying Schaeffler’s visions of the need of interpretation the regulating idea of God as a postulate of theoretical reason in the perspective of religious experience. It considers Schaeffler’s idea of the transcendental nature of the prayer speech and its performativity.

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Koledin, Jovan, Urszula Bugaj, Paweł Jarosz, Mario Novak, Marcin M. Przybyła, Michał Podsiadło, Anita Szczepanek, Miloš Spasić, and Piotr Włodarczak. "First archaeological investigations of barrows in the Bačka region and the question of the Eneolithic/Early Bronze Age barrows in Vojvodina." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 350–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0003.

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AbstractIn various prehistoric periods, the territory of Vojvodina became the target of the migration of steppe communities with eastern origins. The oldest of these movements are dated to the late Eneolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. There are at least two stages among them: I – dated to the end of the fourth millennium BC / beginning of the third millennium BC and II – dated from 3000 to 2600 BC and combined with the communities of the classical phase of the Yamnaya culture. The data documenting these processes have been relatively poor so far – in comparison with the neighboring regions of Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. A big drawback was the small number of systematically excavated mounds, providing comprehensive data on the funeral ritual of steppe communities. This poor database has been slightly enriched as a result of the design of the National Science Centre (Cracow, Poland) entitled “Danubian route of the Yamnaya culture”. Its effect was to examine the first two barrows located on the territory of Bačka – the western region of Vojvodina. Currently, these burial mounds are the westernmost points on the map of the cemeteries of the Yamnaya culture complex. Radiocarbon dates obtained for new finds, as well as for archival materials, allow specifying two stages of use of cemeteries of Yamnaya culture: I – around 3000–2900 BC and II – around 2800–2600 BC. Among the finds from Banat, there were also few materials coming probably from the older period, corresponding to the classical phase of Baden – Coţofeni I–II. The enigmatic nature of these discoveries, however, does not allow to specify their dating as well as cultural dependencies.

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Gál, Erika, and Mária Bondár. "Drilled dog canine ornaments from a special Late Copper Age grave." Archeometriai Műhely 19, no. 1 (2022): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55023/issn.1786-271x.2022-004.

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Grave 367 of the Balatonlelle-Rádpuszta site 67/5 cemetery dating from the classical period of the Baden culture contained the burial of an adult woman interred according to an unusual rite involving the placement of a child’s skull under the head. The sole grave goods from this burial were three and ten fragmented drilled dog canines. Roughly one-half of the canines lay by the feet of the deceased. The worn surface of the canines and the damaged perforations indicate that they had been worn for a long time, while their position in the grave would suggest that some had once adorned the lower part or hemline of a longer garment. The Hungarian and Central European analogies dating from a few centuries later raise the possibility that woman laid to rest at Balatonlelle as well as the dogs providing the canines used for the adornment, a wholly unique practice in the Carpathian Basin during the fourth millennium BC, were not of local, but of eastern origin.

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Ivaniuk, O., and Y. Bilodid. "WHILE SAILING ALONG THE RHINE, I HELD IN MY HANDS THE 'RHENISH SAGAS' BOUGHT IN COLOGNE AND READ THEM, CHECKING THE PLACES MENTIONED IN THEM IN NATURE ITSELF." THE VIEWS OF TRAVELLERS FROM THE NADDNIPRIANS ON GERMAN LANDS IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES." Bulletin of Mariupol State University Series History Political Studies 13, no. 35-36 (2023): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2023-13-35-36-34-49.

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The article considers a range of issues related to travel to Germany in the 19 th – the beginning of the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the purpose of travel, routes, choice of objects for review, interethnic cultural contacts. It was established that the purpose of the trips to Germany were rest, treatment and education. Travelers got to Germany in different ways: by steamboat from Saint Petersburg through Sweden or overland through Radzivyliv, Lemberg and the Czech or Polish lands. Guidebooks printed in Germany became useful for travelers. They helped to develop of the travel route, choose the residence, objects for review and decide on means of transportation. The cities that attracted travelers the most were Berlin, Heidelberg, Leipzig, Munich, as well as the resorts of Baden-Baden and Kissingen. During of the 19th century, under the influence of changes in movement in European art – from romanticism to modernism, accents shifted, and interest arosed to various monuments and artistic masterpieces. While in the first half of the 19th century travelers were admired by Gothic architecture, works of the Renaissance, classical opera, ethnographic customs of the local population, in the second half of the 19 th century, attention was paid to modern art, achievements of science and technology, lifestyle, shops, cafes, etc. People, who traveled to Germany, expanded of social circle. There travelers were able to get to know representatives of European elites, leading scientists and practitioners, compatriots. Established contacts were usually long-lasting and multi-year. Sometimes under the influence of new acquaintances and European culture, imperial ideological stereotypes were destroyed and self-identification of travelers from Dnieper Ukraine took place. Keywords: travels, Germany, architectural monuments, memories, M. Rigelman, M. Kostomarov, Dresden Gallery, Cologne Cathedral.

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Szántó, Zsuzsanna, and Zsófia Medzihradszky. "Holocene Environmental Changes in Western Hungary." Radiocarbon 46, no. 2 (2004): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035748.

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We review the reasons for change in paleoecological conditions and their effects on different cultures at the beginning and during the Holocene period in western Hungary using radiocarbon data combined with paleoecological and paleolimnological results. Two sites were investigated in the southern and northern part of the ancient bay of Balaton Lake: Keszthely-Úsztatómajor and Főnyed I. 14C dating of 2 core samples represented a chronology from 11,000 cal BC to 2000 cal BC (10,700 BP to 3700 BP) and from 6200 cal BC to 1200 cal BC (7300 BP to 3000 BP), respectively. A relatively constant inverse sediment accumulation rate was observed in both cases (23 yr/cm and 33 yr/cm, respectively). In the case of Főnyed I, a sharp break was observed in the sedimentation curve around 6000–4800 cal BC (6000 BP). Changes in the vegetation due to human activity were observed in a larger extent only at the end of Late Neolithic, with the most significant changes detected in the landscape coinciding with the presence of Lengyel III culture in the region. The appearance of higher amounts of pollen of cereals at the sites proved the presence of crop cultivation. However, the role of plant cultivation may have been limited for the ancient inhabitants of the Kis-Balaton region due to a limited amount of soil suitable for agriculture and due to the extensive water table. Further changes in vegetation were observed during the Late Copper Age (Baden culture) and the period of Early and Middle Bronze Age, respectively. Signs of forest clearing during the period have not been detected and the increased peak of Fagus indicates climatic change. The low intensity of anthropogenic activity should not be attributed to geographic isolation.

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Kirby, Jon P. "Musah, Baba Iddrisu: Ambivalence of Culture in Ghana’s Alleged Witches’ Camps. A Micro-Level Approach to Human Rights. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2020. 378 pp. ISBN 978-3-8487-6590-4. (Studien zur Politischen Soziologie, Studies on Political Sociology, 39). Price: € 79,00." Anthropos 116, no. 1 (2021): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2021-1-260.

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Heyd, Volker. "Families, Prestige Goods, Warriors & Complex Societies: Beaker Groups of the 3rd Millennium cal BC Along the Upper & Middle Danube." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73 (2007): 327–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000104.

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From the Middle Copper Age in the mid-4th millennium cal BC, and throughout the whole Late Copper Age, we observe the emergence of supra-regional, expansionistic ‘cultures’. Originating in south-east Europe, they expanded into central and northern Europe, eventually reaching the west and the margins. Typical of these are the Černavoda III/Boleráz cultures; then, later, the Baden sequence, along with the Globular Amphora Culture adjacent to the northern arc of the Carpathian mountains. The Corded Ware/Single Grave Cultures, and finally the Bell Beaker Culture, follow in a third stage from the first quarter of the 3rd millennium cal BC. The latter expand – emerging from the Iberian Peninsula according to current research – towards the east in a fourth stage, reaching Britain and Ireland, Central Europe, and the central Mediterranean by 2500 cal BC. It is now common knowledge that this Bell Beaker phenomenon does not represent a homogeneous unit, but splits into at least four supra-regional groupings. Of these, the Central European, or Bell Beaker East Group, is the focus of this study.The many published and well-dated assemblages along the Danube between southern Germany and western Hungary, and also in the Czech Republic, allow us to pose questions concerning the social organisation of these Beaker societies. Extended families, without visible hierarchies between them, are mirrored in cemeteries as the basic social unit. The settlement pattern seems to consist of single farmsteads, often closely spaced and each inhabited by one of these extended families. As self-sufficient, but flexibly organised and already partly specialised economic units, they demonstrate an equal exchange of information, goods, genes, and social values. Existing fundamental hierarchies within these families are demonstrated, however, by unequal burial customs, in particular the inclusion of prestige objects in some graves, and by some lavishly equipped child burials of both sexes, as well as in the portrayal of some individuals in death as hunters or warriors, buried with archery equipment.Bell Beaker society displays an intermediate position between ranked and stratified societies, with signs that it was evolving towards simple chiefdoms. However, this stage of social organisation is only fully reached in Central Europe during the second half of the Early Bronze Age, from 2000 cal BC onwards.

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Winter, Franz. "EX INDIA LUX? DIE REZEPTION HINDUISTISCHER SPIRITUALITÄT UND DER KULTUR INDIENS IN DEUTSCHLAND [EX INDIA LUX? THE RECEPTION OF HINDU SPIRITUALITY AND THE CULTURE OF INDIA IN GERMANY]. By ConstanceHartung. Religionen aktuell, 34. Baden‐Baden: Tectum Verlag, 2023. Pp. 642. Paperback, €124.00." Religious Studies Review 49, no. 4 (December 2023): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16876.

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Khlopova, A. I. "Relevant content of the basic value <i>Liebe / love</i> in the German linguoculture." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-108-119.

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The object of the research is the associative field of Liebe / love, representing the same basic value, the subject is the psychologically relevant content of the value, as well as the content dynamics of the basic value, reflected in the nature of the associates. The aim of the study is to establish the psychologically relevant content of the basic value of Liebe / love in the German linguoculture. A free associative experiment is used as the main research method. The experiment was conducted with representatives of the German linguoculture at the age from 17 to 23 in Vechta, Potsdam, Baden-Baden and Freiburg in 2022. The stimulus word Liebe was followed by 200 reactions, which we are going to share in accordance with the research methodology for reaction-concepts, reactions-representations, emotional-evaluative reactions, formal and cultural reactions. The research is based on sequential comparison of data from lexicographic sources (including etymological sources) and data from a free associative experiment. The author verifies the obtained results using an inverse associative experiment. Research data can be used in sociological research, in teaching translation studies, intercultural communication, cultural linguistics, ethnopsycholinguistics, in a practical course of the first foreign language (German), in a workshop on the culture of verbal communication, etc. The obtained data can be used in the development of various types of educational manuals and educational reference books. The results of the study have shown that the concept Liebe / love is relevant and significant for representatives of the German linguoculture. Moreover, it is realized in a variety of reactions-representations reflecting the individual experience of respondents. The relevance of this concept is verified by the data of the inverse associative experiment. However, the meaning of the concept Liebe / love, which represents the basic value, changes: the correlation between love and the object of love becomes relevant. Liebe / love unites other value characteristics for the respondents: trust, loyalty, harmony, attention, tenderness towards another person on the basis of common value integrative characteristics. It also has a positive connotation for the respondents.

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Ivonina, Liudmila. "Iconography of Peace Сongresses during the Formation of the Westphallian System." Eikon / Imago 10 (February 8, 2021): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.74157.

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The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713), Rastatt-Baden (1714) and Nystad Congresses (1721) which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession and the Northern war. The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and culture of each state. In fact, the European Congress was a carefully designed triumph of Рeace within the continent, which required considerable funds, was widely covered in the press and glorified in celebrations, paintings, plastic art, release of commemorative medals, poetry and even fashion. The article presents the most striking examples of iconography of Peace Congresses. The author believes that their performative nature and iconography, emphasizing the European character of Peace and the protopatriotic moods that it evoked, made a significant contribution to the civilization heritage of Europe.

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Ivonina, Liudmila. "The Triumph of Peace: International Congresses and European Society in the Time of Courts and Alliances." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018801-0.

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The formation of the first state system in Europe took place from the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, as a result of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), to the Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt-Baden (1714) Congresses which finished the end of the war of the Spanish Succession. The legal fixation of the Westphallian system was accompanied by its public perception and acceptance. First of all, this was demonstrated by International Congresses, which were not only a common negotiation process, but also a place of representation of the significance and culture of each state. In fact, the European Congress was a carefully designed triumph of peace within the continent, which required considerable funds, was widely covered in the press and glorified in celebrations, paintings, the release of commemorative medals, poetry and even fashion. The article presents the most striking examples of the analysis of the representation forms of Peace Congresses. The author believes that negotiations between states and the conclusion of peace made a significant contribution to the civilization heritage of Europe. The factor of transition from war to peace was the strongest stimulus for the transformation of the government structure in line with the monopolization of power, the development of trade, the banking system, productive forces and culture, which changed people's attitude to their own personality and environment. The publicity of International Congresses can also be considered as incentive for the development of the Law of Nations and as an act of humanitarian diplomacy. Peace Congresses were designed to minimize the heavy legacy of military conflicts in the historical memory.

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Faragó, Norbert, Attila Péntek, and Gábor Ilon. "The Vámoscsalád-Kavicsbánya Site (Vas County)." Dissertationes Archaeologicae 3, no. 10 (March 31, 2023): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17204/dissarch.2022.5.

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The archaeological artefacts of the Vámoscsalád-Kavicsbánya site were discovered, collected and preserved by István Marton and his brother, András Marton, mineral collectors from Mesterháza, in about 2015. The slight elevation on a terrace of the Répce River was mined for the M86 highway in 2012–2013. Apart from knapped stone tools, the main subject of our paper, several polished serpentinite and greenschist tools have been recovered from the site, which could be in use between the Neolithic and the end of the Bronze Age. Only a few potsherds indicated a settlement of the Transdanubian Linear Pottery culture (TLPC). Of the Copper Age, Lengyel III and Baden pottery fragments and a clay spatula are worth mentioning. Almost the entire Bronze Age is represented, the most exciting find being a rim fragment of a bowl, decorated with an encrusted geometric pattern on both sides, of the Somogyvár–Vinkovci culture. Given the presumed mixed character of the knapped stone record of the Vámoscsalád-Kavicsbánya site (as the finds were not recovered from a closed stratigraphic context), we looked for possible cultural analogies and relationships, primarily those corresponding to the system of raw material–technology–typology. Although the pottery fragments of the TLPC recovered from the site are few and uncharacteristic, and the recovered finds may represent more than one phase, the knapped stone assemblage most likely represents the industry of the Middle Neolithic cultural unit, as suggested by raw material composition, technological features, type distribution and characteristics of the retouched tools. It is perhaps even possible that we are dealing with relatively old, if not the oldest TLP finds ever unearthed in the county.

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Shevchenko, Larysa. "Ukrainian research perspective in the context of stylistic discussions of the XVI International congress of slavists." Actual issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, no. 37 (2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2018.37.7-19.

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The article analyzes "state and status" of functional stylistics in Ukraine in the beginning of the 21st century in the categories and concepts of modern linguistics. The research context of the analysis is determined by comparison with the stylistic issues of the XVI International Congress of Slavists, held on August 20-27, 2018 in Belgrade (Serbia). Issues of synchronization of scientific consciousness with time of culture, its chronological sections, configurations of development, evolution of cultural consciousness, changes of cultural verbalized patterns and reasons for emergence of new ideas and non-standard intellectual reflection in the scientific knowledge of linguistic consciousness are being actualized. It is stated that the triad "human - science - time of culture" is dominant in linguistics, defining at the same time the peculiarities of the information age: the synthesis of humanistic tradition and new, paradoxical scientific ideas is quite representative for world linguistics, which is clearly represented in Ukrainian stylistics. The author unfolds the thesis about the formation of scientific consciousness as an existential search for the spiritual affinity of researchers. Thus, in the development of functional stylistics, one can observe continuity from F. de Saussure to the linguists of the XXI century, where the Geneva, Baden or Prague schools ideologically formed various national scientific discourses. The problematic aspects in the development of modern stylistics with their projection into Ukrainian linguistics are considered: the systematic nature of operational stylistic terminology, the diffusion of the objectivity of various areas of linguistics, in particular, functional stylistics, communicative linguistics and genomics, logics of formation of neolinguistics as a subject area that relies on synthesis of linguistic functionalism and other branches of human sciences, etc. The criteria of the Ukrainian research perspective in modern stylistics are formulated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Baden culture'

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