Relevant bibliographies by topics / Badgers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Badgers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Badgers"

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Acevedo, Pelayo, Miguel Prieto, Pablo Quirós, Isabel Merediz, Lucía de Juan, José Antonio Infantes-Lorenzo, Roxana Triguero-Ocaña, and Ana Balseiro. "Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Badger (Meles meles) Spatial Ecology in a Hot-Spot Area in Atlantic Spain." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040292.

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We provide a temporal overview (from 2012 to 2018) of the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in the cattle and badger populations in a hot-spot in Asturias (Atlantic Spain). We also study the badger’s spatial ecology from an epidemiological perspective in order to describe hazardous behavior in relation to TB transmission between cattle and badgers. Culture and single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) were available for cattle as part of the National Program for the Eradication of TB. A field survey was also carried out in order to determine the paddocks and buildings used by each farm, and the information obtained was stored by using geographic information systems. Moreover, eighty-three badgers were submitted for necropsy and subsequent bacteriological studies. Ten badgers were also tracked, using global positioning system (GPS) collars. The prevalence of TB in cattle herds in the hot-spot increased from 2.2% in 2012 to 20% in 2016; it then declined to 0.0% in 2018. In contrast, the TB prevalence in badgers increased notably (from 5.55% in 2012–2015 to 10.64% in 2016–2018). Both cattle and badgers shared the same strain of Mycobacterium bovis. The collared badgers preferred paddocks used by TB-positive herds in spring and summer (when they were more active). The males occupied larger home ranges than the females (Khr95: males 149.78 ± 25.84 ha and females 73.37 ± 22.91 ha; Kcr50: males 29.83 ± 5.69 ha and females 13.59 ± 5.00 ha), and the home ranges were smaller in autumn and winter than in summer. The averages of the index of daily and maximum distances traveled by badgers were 1.88 ± (SD) 1.20 km and 1.99 ± 0.71 km, respectively. One of them presented a dispersive behavior with a maximum range of 18.3 km. The most preferred habitat was apple orchards in all seasons, with the exception of winter, in which they preferred pastures. Land uses and landscape structure, which have been linked with certain livestock-management practices, provide a scenario of great potential for badger–cattle interactions, thus enhancing the importance of the badgers’ ecology, which could potentially transmit TB back to cattle in the future.
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Virgós, Emilio, Julián G. Mangas, José Antonio Blanco-Aguiar, Germán Garrote, Nuria Almagro, and Raquel P. Viso. "Food habits of European badgers (Meles meles) along an altitudinal gradient of Mediterranean environments: a field test of the earthworm specialization hypothesis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-205.

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Food specialization by European badgers (Meles meles) is a largely debated controversy. Data from Mediterranean areas indicate small importance of earthworms (Lumbricus spp.) in badger diet and support the idea that badgers are generalist predators. Nevertheless, only dry areas have been sampled so far. We studied badger diet in six areas along an elevation gradient with different rainfall and habitat conditions, which influenced earthworm availability. We evaluated the influence of earthworm availability on badger diet along this environmental gradient. Badgers used a wide range of prey items in the different habitats and seasons sampled. In contrast with other Mediterranean studies, earthworms made an important contribution to badger diet (27% of estimated volume). Earthworm occurrence in the diet was high in elevated and wet habitats and in spring and autumn–winter. Earthworm consumption was nonlinearly related to availability, indicating high intake compared with availability in wet areas. Moreover, in summer, availability was virtually zero in all habitats, whereas consumption averaged 15% volume of the diet. We tentatively suggest that badgers compensate for variations in earthworm availability by changing their foraging tactics. This suggests that badgers could be viewed as specialist foragers for earthworms in some Mediterranean environments.
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Kowalczyk, R., B. Jędrzejewska, A. Zalewski, and W. Jędrzejewski. "Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 12 (December 2008): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-127.

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Based on radio-tracking of Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles (L., 1758)), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)), and raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834)) and observations at burrows conducted in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) in 1996–2002, we addressed the hypothesis that facilitative interactions between a native (badger) and an alien (raccoon dog) species contributed to the invasion success of the latter. In winter, 88% of badger setts were occupied by both badgers and raccoon dogs, 4% by badgers and red foxes, and 4% by all three species. In summer, only 20% of badger setts were cohabited by other carnivore species (10% by raccoon dogs and 10% by foxes). Duration of occupation of badger setts by raccoon dogs averaged 117 days (SE = 21 days). Seasonal variation in raccoon dog use of badger setts was explained by changes in ambient temperature: the lower was the temperature, the higher was the rate of sett occupation by raccoon dogs. When wintering in the same sett, badgers and raccoon dogs used different parts of the sett. We conclude that facilitation by badgers (through habitat amelioration and refuge from cold and predation) makes the realized niche of raccoon dogs larger than predicted from their fundamental niche. The facilitating role of badger is stronger in winter, which is a critical period for raccoon dog survival in the temperate and boreal zone.
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Silk, Matthew J., Julian A. Drewe, Richard J. Delahay, Nicola Weber, Lucy C. Steward, Jared Wilson-Aggarwal, Mike Boots, David J. Hodgson, Darren P. Croft, and Robbie A. McDonald. "Quantifying direct and indirect contacts for the potential transmission of infection between species using a multilayer contact network." Behaviour 155, no. 7-9 (2018): 731–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003493.

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Abstract Detecting opportunities for between-species transmission of pathogens can be challenging, particularly if rare behaviours or environmental transmission are involved. We present a multilayer network framework to quantify transmission potential in multi-host systems, incorporating environmental transmission, by using empirical data on direct and indirect contacts between European badgers Meles meles and domestic cattle. We identify that indirect contacts via the environment at badger latrines on pasture are likely to be important for transmission within badger populations and between badgers and cattle. We also find a positive correlation between the role of individual badgers within the badger social network, and their role in the overall badger-cattle-environment network, suggesting that the same behavioural traits contribute to the role of individual badgers in within- and between-species transmission. These findings have implications for disease management interventions in this system, and our novel network approach can provide general insights into transmission in other multi-host disease systems.
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Kowalczyk, Rafal, Andrzej Zalewski, Bogumila Jedrzejewska, and Wlodzimierz Jedrzejewski. "Spatial organization and demography of badgers (Meles meles) in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland, and the influence of earthworms on badger densities in Europe." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-233.

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From 1996 to 2001 we studied the spatial organization and demography of Eurasian badgers, Meles meles, in Białowieża Primeval Forest in eastern Poland, one of the best preserved woodlands in temperate Europe. Badger density estimated on the basis of main sett distribution (0.54 sett/10 km2) and group size (3.9 individuals per sett, on average) was 2.11 badgers/10 km2. Average annual productivity of the population was 64% and the mortality rate of badgers >1 year old was 22–38% per annum. The size of territories of badger groups (n = 7), estimated by radio telemetry, varied from 8.4 to 25.5 km2 (mean 12.8 km2). Individual home ranges of badgers (n = 13) covered, on average, 9.3 km2, and varied seasonally and among animals of different age and sex classes (from 4.0 to 24.4 km2). Home ranges of adult badgers were significantly larger than those of subadults. Badgers occupied larger home ranges in summer, when earthworm availability was low. The size of both group territories and individual home ranges was influenced by the distribution of oak–lime–hornbeam (OLH) forests, habitats rich in earthworms. Based on our findings and a review of literature, we propose that the standing crop of biomass of earthworms (Lumbricus spp.), the main food of badgers in a large part of their geographic range, and mean annual temperature are crucial factors shaping the densities of badgers in the European temperate and boreal zones. We also suggest that abundance of food resources is the essential factor underlying the great variation in badger sociality (from pairs to large groups).
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DREWE, J. A., H. M. O'CONNOR, N. WEBER, R. A. McDONALD, and R. J. DELAHAY. "Patterns of direct and indirect contact between cattle and badgers naturally infected with tuberculosis." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 7 (March 25, 2013): 1467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000691.

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SUMMARYTuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis is transmitted between cattle and badgers (Meles meles) in the UK and Ireland but it is unclear where or when transmission occurs. We investigated direct and indirect interactions between badgers and cattle using automated proximity loggers on animals and at badger latrines located on pasture, in an area of south-west England with a high-density badger population. Direct contacts (interactions within 1·4 m) between badgers and cattle at pasture were very rare (four out of >500 000 recorded animal-to-animal contacts) despite ample opportunity for interactions to occur. Indirect interactions (visits to badger latrines by badgers and cattle) were two orders of magnitude more frequent than direct contacts: 400 visits by badgers and 1700 visits by cattle were recorded. This suggests that indirect contacts might be more important than direct contacts in terms of disease transmission at pasture. The TB infection status of individual badgers (ascribed with 93% accuracy using three diagnostic tests) did not affect the frequency or duration of their visits to latrines located on pasture grazed by cattle. Nevertheless, there was wide variation in contact behaviour between individuals, which highlights the importance of understanding heterogeneity in contact patterns when developing strategies to control disease spread in wildlife and livestock.
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Dalley, Deanna, Sandrine Lesellier, Francisco J. Salguero, and Mark A. Chambers. "Purification and Characterisation of Badger IgA and Its Detection in the Context of Tuberculosis." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 4 (November 2, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6040089.

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European badgers are a wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis in parts of Great Britain. Accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in badgers is important for the development of strategies for the control of the disease. Sensitive serological tests for badger TB are needed for reasons such as cost and simplicity. Assay of mucosal IgA could be useful for diagnosing respiratory pathogens such as Mycobacterium bovis and for monitoring the response to mucosal vaccination. To develop an IgA assay, we purified secretory IgA from badger bile, identifying secretory component (SC), heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC), at 66, 46 and 27 Kda, respectively, on the basis of size comparison with other species. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated to purified IgA. We selected two for ELISA development. The detection limit of the IgA-specific mAbs was found to be approximately 20 ng/mL when titrated against purified badger bile. One monoclonal antibody specific for badger IgA was used to detect IgA in serum and tracheal aspirate with specificity to an immunodominant antigen of M. bovis. An M. bovis infection dose-dependent IgA response was observed in experimentally infected badgers. IgA was also detected by immunohistochemistry in the lungs of bTB-infected badgers. With further characterisation, these represent new reagents for the study of the IgA response in badgers.
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Pritchard, D. G., Fiona A. Stuart, Jacky I. Brewer, and K. H. Mahmood. "Experimental infection of badgers (Meles meles) withMycobacterium bovis." Epidemiology and Infection 98, no. 2 (April 1987): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800061859.

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SUMMARYThe intradermal inoculation of four badgers with small numbers ofMycobacterium bovisresulted in localized lesions with ulceration which slowly healed by 5 months after inoculation. Lesions of generalized tuberculosis were seen in three badgers, one of which died at 17 months post-inoculation and in the remaining two killed 22 months post-inoculation. In the fourth badger lesions were confined to the draining lymph node of the inoculation site butM. boviswas isolated from the liver. Monthly clinical sampling of faeces, urine, tracheal aspirate and inoculation site exudates detected only the excretion ofM. bovisfrom the inoculation site of one badger. There were marked seasonal variations in body weight but significant weight loss was observed during the second year in all four badgers, particularly prior to death. Four badgers inoculated intratracheally with a similar inoculum ofM. bovisand another two control badgers showed no evidence of infection withM. bovis.
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Smith, Graham C., and Richard Budgey. "Simulating the next steps in badger control for bovine tuberculosis in England." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0248426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248426.

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Industry-led culling of badgers has occurred in England to reduce the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle for a number of years. Badger vaccination is also possible, and a move away from culling was “highly desirable” in a recent report to the UK government. Here we used an established simulation model to examine badger control option in a post-cull environment in England. These options included no control, various intermittent culling, badger vaccination and use of a vaccine combined with fertility control. The initial simulated cull led to a dramatic reduction in the number of infected badgers present, which increased slowly if there was no further badger management. All three approaches led to a further reduction in the number of infected badgers, with little to choose between the strategies. We do note that of the management strategies only vaccination on its own leads to a recovery of the badger population, but also an increase in the number of badgers that need to be vaccinated. We conclude that vaccination post-cull, appears to be particularly effective, compared to vaccination when the host population is at carrying capacity.
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BUZDUGAN, S. N., M. A. CHAMBERS, R. J. DELAHAY, and J. A. DREWE. "Diagnosis of tuberculosis in groups of badgers: an exploration of the impact of trapping efficiency, infection prevalence and the use of multiple tests." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 8 (January 6, 2016): 1717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815003210.

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SUMMARYAccurate detection of infection with Mycobacterium bovis in live badgers would enable targeted tuberculosis control. Practical challenges in sampling wild badger populations mean that diagnosis of infection at the group (rather than the individual) level is attractive. We modelled data spanning 7 years containing over 2000 sampling events from a population of wild badgers in southwest England to quantify the ability to correctly identify the infection status of badgers at the group level. We explored the effects of variations in: (1) trapping efficiency; (2) prevalence of M. bovis; (3) using three diagnostic tests singly and in combination with one another; and (4) the number of badgers required to test positive in order to classify groups as infected. No single test was able to reliably identify infected badger groups if <90% of the animals were sampled (given an infection prevalence of 20% and group size of 15 badgers). However, the parallel use of two tests enabled an infected group to be correctly identified when only 50% of the animals were tested and a threshold of two positive badgers was used. Levels of trapping efficiency observed in previous field studies appear to be sufficient to usefully employ a combination of two existing diagnostic tests, or others of similar or greater accuracy, to identify infected badger groups without the need to capture all individuals. To improve on this, we suggest that any new diagnostic test for badgers would ideally need to be >80% sensitive, at least 94% specific, and able to be performed rapidly in the field.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Badgers"

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Owen, Pamela Renee. "Phylogenetic relationships among American badgers (Taxidiinae) and the evolution of the badger ecomorph /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Begg, Colleen Margeret. "Feeding ecology and social organisation of honey badgers (Mellivora capensis) in the southern Kalahari." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29895.

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The lack of fundamental biological information on the honey badger Mellivora capensis and its vulnerable conservation status were the motivating factors behind this study. A study population of 25 individuals (12 females; 12 males) was radio-marked in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP), South Africa. Through a combination of radio telemetry and visual observations (5 244 h) of nine habituated individuals (five females; four males), the feeding ecology, scent marking and social behaviour of the honey badger were investigated. The honey badger is a solitary, generalist carnivore with strong seasonal differences in diet. In support of optimal diet theory, the cold dry season diet is characterized by low species richness, low foraging yield, high dietary diversity and increased foraging time while the reverse is true in the hot wet and hot-dry seasons. The honey badger appears to shift between alternative prey species depending on their availability on a seasonal and daily level. The daily activity patterns of both sexes show a strong seasonal shift from predominantly nocturnal activity in the hot-wet and hot-dry season to more diurnal activity in the cold-dry season and this appears to be primarily affected by temperature. Despite marked sexual size dimorphism (males a third larger than females), no intersexual differences in diet or foraging behaviour were observed, but there were sexual and in males age-related differences in movement patterns, scent marking and social behaviour. The honey badger appears to have a polygynous or promiscuous mating system, but did not fit the general mustelid pattern of intrasexual territoriality. Instead, adult males had extensive overlapping home ranges (548 km2) that encompassed the smaller, regularly spaced home ranges of the females (138 km2) and young males (178 km2). Receptive females are an unpredictable and scare resource in space (large home ranges) and time (no breeding season) with a long time to renewal (inter-birth interval > 1 year). As a result adult males adopt a roaming rather than a staying tactic with competition for access to the mating burrow mediated by a dominance hierarchy loosely based on age, mass and testes size. The hierarchy appears to be maintained through regular aggressive and agonistic interactions and scent marking. Data suggest that latrine scent marking in adult males is related to advertising social status and maintaining the dominance hierarchy though “scent matching”. In females and young males latrine visits are rare, but token urination is common and its association with foraging behaviour suggests that it mediates spatio-temporal separation and/or resource utilization. Interspecific interactions between the honey badger and other mammalian and avian predators were common and included intraguild predation and interspecific feeding associations between the honey badger and seven other species (two mammals; five birds). The most common foraging associations were observed between the honey badger and the pale chanting-goshawk Melierax canorus and black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas. These associations appear to be commensalisms, with associating species benefiting from increased hunting opportunities and intake rate but no significant costs or benefits to the honey badger. Copyright 2001, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Begg, CM 2001, Feeding ecology and social organisation of honey badgers (Mellivora capensis) in the southern Kalahari, DPhil thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11282005-145818 / >
Thesis (DPhil (Zoology))--University of Pretoria, 2001.
Zoology and Entomology
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Pigozzi, Giorgio. "Behavioural ecology of the European badger (Meles meles) : diet, food availability and use of space in the Maremma Natural Park, central Italy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=130725.

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The diet of the European badger in the Maremma Natural Park consisted of fruits and insects and these food categories constituted about 90% of the total amount of food eaten (by volume) in each year of the study. Faecal analyses showed that earthworms and the remaining food resources played a secondary role in the diet. Temporal and spatial variation occurred in the diet; insects were exploited mainly during winter and spring, and fruits mainly during summer and autumn. The bulk of the food comprised juniper berries in the pinewood, and Coleoptera larvae and adults, strawberry-tree fruits and blackberries in the grazing areas and maquis. Most food resources showed spatial variation, being regular (e.g. junipers, blackberries) in the pinewood, but contagious (e.g. blackberries, grasshoppers) or random (junipers, strawberry-trees) in the grazing areas and maquis. The occurrence of contagiously-distributed and long-lasting food resources in the diet was correlated with their availability in the grazing areas, whereas the occurrence in the diet of regularly-distributed and long-lasting foods was not correlated with their availability in the pinewood.To investigate the spacing pattern and use of space by badgers, seven individuals were radio-tracked. Badgers were solitary, with adult males living in a territory 4--5 times larger than that of adult females, which had a territory of 30--40 ha. The size of individual territories was fairly constant with latrines located mostly near the territory boundary. The movement pattern and use of space by badgers appeared to reflect the spatial and temporal availability of the most important food resources in their territory. This study confirms the relationship between feeding ecology and social organisation of badgers and suggests that in areas where they rely on markedly seasonal, less abundant food resources the spacing of badgers reverts to the basic mustelid pattern of solitary individuals.
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Davies, Helen Catherine. "Bovine TB in badgers : a spatial analysis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289778.

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Mahmood, Khalid Hassan. "The immunological unresponsiveness of badgers to mycobactera." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319747.

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Davison, John. "Ecology and behaviour of urban badgers (Meles meles)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441028.

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Beirne, Christopher. "The mechanisms of senescence in wild European badgers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16328.

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Overwhelming evidence for senescence, the within-individual decline in performance at advanced age, has now been documented in the natural populations of many taxa. As such, the focus of senescence research is shifting from simply documenting its existence, towards understanding the fundamental mechanisms underpinning it and determining which environmental factors give rise to the considerable variation in senescence rates observed in nature. In this thesis I use a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles) to investigate three important traits implicated in, or arising as a direct product of, senescence; immune cell telomere length, pro-inflammatory cytokine response and body mass declines in late life. My work reveals rare longitudinal evidence for the existence of senescence in immune traits in a wild mammal. First, I show that within-individual declines in immune cell telomere length occur with increasing age (Chapter 2). Second, after demonstrating that immune cell telomere length displays repeatable between-individual differences in adulthood, I show that the environmental conditions experienced in early-life contribute to such between-individual variation. Individuals that experienced harsh early-life environmental conditions had shorter immune cell telomere lengths than those that experienced favourable conditions (Chapter 3). Third, I show that within-individual declines in a second immune trait, pro-inflammatory cytokine response, also occur with age (Chapter 4). However, the declines in immune cell telomere length and pro-inflammatory cytokine response occur independently of one another (Chapter 4). Finally I take advantage of a 37 year longitudinal dataset to reveal that sex differences in body mass senescence arise as a consequence of the scale of intra-sexual competition experienced in early adulthood (Chapter 5). Taken together this work provides novel evidence suggesting that age-related declines in immunocompetence can contribute to whole organism senescence in the wild. Furthermore, evidence that early life environmental and social conditions can markedly influence senescence rates has important implications for our understanding of the drivers of variation in senescence rates observed within natural populations.
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Duquette, Jared F. "Population Ecology of Badgers (Taxidea taxus) in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222187943.

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Tolhurst, Bryony Anne. "Behaviour of badgers (Meles meles) in farm buildings, in relation to the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) between badgers and cattle." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436230.

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Rayman, John F. "Epidemiological modelling of bovine tuberculosis in badgers and cattle." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/821/.

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This thesis covers the formulation and analysis of a number of deterministic, continuous models of infection by a disease such as bovine tuberculosis in one species (essentially badgers) and in two mutually infective species (badgers and cattle). We examine the dynamics of the disease in each model and then consider the effects of the application of different badger culling strategies which have the objective of eliminating the disease in cattle.
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Books on the topic "Badgers"

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Odone, Jamison. Honey badgers. Asheville, N.C: Front Street, 2007.

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Zobel, Derek. Badgers. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2012.

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Heritage, Scottish Natural, ed. Badgers. Battleby: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1996.

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Kalbacken, Joan. Badgers. New York: Children's Press, 1996.

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L, Cheeseman C., ed. Badgers. London: T. & A.D. Poyser, 1996.

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Northern Ireland. Department of the Environment. Environment and Heritage Service. Badgers & development. Belfast: Environment and Heritage Service, 2003.

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Rissman, Rebecca. Badgers: Nocturnal diggers. London: Raintree, 2015.

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1950-, Harris Stephen, and Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals., eds. Problems with badgers. 2nd ed. Horsham: Royal Society for the Prevention ofCruelty to Animals, 1990.

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Nature, English, ed. Badgers and development. Peterborough: English Nature, 2003.

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Niver, Heather Moore. Badgers after dark. New York, NY: Enslow Publishing, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Badgers"

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Somerville, Keith. "Honey badgers." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 199–220. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-9.

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Cassidy, Angela. "Of Badgers, Bovines and Bacteria." In Vermin, Victims and Disease, 3–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19186-3_1.

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Cassidy, Angela. "The Badgers Have Moved the Goalposts!" In Vermin, Victims and Disease, 275–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19186-3_8.

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Somerville, Keith. "Honey badgers in the contemporary world." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 240–58. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-11.

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Somerville, Keith. "From the end of the Pleistocene to the start of the Common Era (CE)." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 86–100. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-4.

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Somerville, Keith. "Origins and evolution of jackals and golden wolves." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 62–85. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-3.

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Somerville, Keith. "Africa from colonisation to 1960." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 158–76. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-7.

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Somerville, Keith. "Jackals and humans in Africa in the pre-colonial era." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 101–21. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-5.

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Somerville, Keith. "The jackals of Eurasia." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 122–57. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-6.

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Somerville, Keith. "Black-backed jackals and related species in contemporary Africa." In Jackals, Golden Wolves, and Honey Badgers, 177–98. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199793-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Badgers"

1

"Preface." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.4.

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"Author index." In 2015 4th International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2015.020.

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"Author index." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.15.

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"[Roster page]." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.16.

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"Sponsors." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.17.

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"[Front cover]." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.18.

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"[Title page iii]." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.2.

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"[Copyright notice]." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.3.

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"Committees." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.5.

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"Table of contents." In 2014 Third International Workshop on Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/badgers.2014.6.

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Reports on the topic "Badgers"

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Rogers, N., C. R. van Staal, and V. J. McNicoll. Geology, Badger, Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221291.

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Porto, Stella C., and Don Presant. The IDB Digital Credential Framework: Principles and Guidelines for Creating and Issuing Credentials. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004903.

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Digital badges have emerged as an integral aspect of various capacity building opportunities offered by IDB, gaining widespread recognition among both internal and external clients, despite their innovative application in the region. As of January 2023, IDB has issued over 200,000 badges, with the majority awarded in the past two years. The IDB Digital Credential Framework serves as a vital reference tool and roadmap for acknowledging knowledge acquisition and continuous learning through digital credentials within the IDB Group, partner organizations, and citizens of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. This Technical Note outlines the Framework's context and purpose, its alignment with BIDAcademy and the IDB Group, and its potential to influence and shape international practice for digital credentials beyond traditional academic recognition.
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Manger, Trevor. California Native Species Field Survey Form - American Badger. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1855004.

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EMC ENGINEERS INC DENVER CO. Water Conservation Study, Badger Army Ammunition Plant, Baraboo, Wisconsin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330206.

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Le, Ari Yitzchak, and J. Egedal. Highlight from kinetic plasma simulation on Badger. IC Project: w18_reconkinetics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1581573.

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Brady, W. J., and A. G. Nelson. Radiac Instruments and Film Badges Used at Atmospheric Nuclear Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada163137.

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Whitacre, Madeline Helene. Badge Photos - Examples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601600.

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Haurykiewicz, John Paul, Timothy Grant Dinehart, and Robert Young Parker. Badge Office Process Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253517.

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Haurykiewicz, John Paul, Timothy Grant Dinehart, and Robert Young Parker. Badge Office Process Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1253518.

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Bellany, Fiona, Mark Bell, Nicola Caldwell, Mattia Cocco, Susan Davis, Karen Dowers, Mary Wheldon, and Ali Floyd. Girlguiding Medicine Maker Badge. University of Dundee, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001135.

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