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Journal articles on the topic 'Bahamian'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

D Knowles, Abdul. "Case Study: Preventing and Resolving Conflict Between Bahamian Nationals and the Haitian Diaspora that Reside in The Bahamas." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v1i2.3898.

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Conflict between Haiti and its Caribbean neighbors often arises because of its large migrant population. In The Bahamas, ethnic, cultural and political reasons have resulted in conflict between Haitians and Bahamians. Bahamians regard Haitians as culturally, ethnically and economically inferior. Haitians are thought to deprive Bahamian nationals of government resources. This has resulted in intolerance and discrimination towards Haitians by Bahamian locals and government bodies. As a result, the basic human rights of Haitians are violated. Stereotypes and mistreatment of Haitians have resulted in anti-Bahamian sentiment and mistrust. Without mediation via international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the joint-initiatives between the Bahamian and Haitian government will continue to fail. As a result, the ongoing conflict between both groups risks escalating to mass violence.

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2

MØLLER, PETER R., WERNER SCHWARZHANS, THOMAS M. ILIFFE, and JØRGEN G. NIELSEN. "Revision of the Bahamian cave-fishes of the genus Lucifuga (Ophidiiformes, Bythitidae), with description of a new species from islands on the Little Bahama Bank." Zootaxa 1223, no. 1 (June 5, 2006): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1223.1.3.

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Since the description of the Bahamian cave-fish Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970, which was based on two specimens from New Providence Island, the species has been observed and/ or collected several times in marine blue-holes and inland caves on various Bahamian Islands. Hitherto, all Lucifuga records from the Bahamas have been referred to L. spelaeotes, but examination of 50 specimens (42–166 mm SL) collected at 7 different islands showed that two species are represented in the Bahamas: 44 specimens from Berry, New Providence, Eleuthera, Great Exuma and Long Island belong to L. spelaeotes, whereas 6 specimens from Grand Bahama and Abaco Islands are referable to L. lucayana, new species. The new species is here described and compared to the material of L. spelaeotes, which includes specimens from several hitherto unpublished locations. The two species are well separated from the Cuban species in number of caudal finrays (10 vs. 8), size of eye (0.7–1.8 vs. 0.0–0.3 % SL) and number of vertebrae (50–55 vs. 45–48). The Bahamian species differ from each other mainly in head squamation, palatine dentition, number of finrays and pigmentation of the three elongated gill-rakers. Lucifuga lucayana is geographically separated from L. spelaeotes by the deep waters of the Northeast and Northwest Providence Channels.

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3

Martin, Nona P., and Virgil Henry Storr. "Bay Street as Contested Space." Space and Culture 15, no. 4 (November 2012): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331212466081.

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Bay Street, the main thoroughfare in Nassau, The Bahamas’ capital city, is a storehouse for much of that country’s social memory. It has been the stage for some of the most significant events in The Bahamas’ history and continues to be at the center of Bahamian cultural, economic, and political life. Understandably, Bay Street has also been a contested space. This article discusses the contested nature of Bay Street using the 1942 riot, a key event in Bahamian political history that occurred on Bay Street, and Junkanoo, an important cultural festival in The Bahamas.

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4

Bruckmaier, Elisabeth, and Stephanie Hackert. "Bahamian Standard English." English World-Wide 32, no. 2 (July 5, 2011): 174–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.32.2.03bru.

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This article presents both quantitative and qualitative information on the orthography, lexis, and morphosyntax of Bahamian Standard English. Employing a press corpus of over 100 000 words, it aims not only at a descriptive account but also at initial answers to two research questions. First, is Standard English as spoken in the Bahamas still following the traditional British norm or has it shifted toward an American orientation; and second, what role does the local creole play in shaping the variety? An overview of the current sociolinguistic situation obtaining in the Bahamas complements the analysis.

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5

TAKANO, OONA M., and DAVID W. STEADMAN. "Another new species of flightless Rail (Aves: Rallidae: Rallus) from Abaco, The Bahamas." Zootaxa 4407, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.3.5.

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We describe a late Pleistocene species of extinct rail, Rallus gracilipes n. sp., from Sawmill Sink blue hole on Abaco Island, Little Bahama Bank, The Bahamas. The only other extinct rail known from any Bahamian island is the smaller Rallus cyanocavi, also from late Pleistocene contexts at Sawmill Sink. No fossils of R. gracilipes or R. cyanocavi have been found in Holocene sites on Abaco; the loss of both of these species is likely to be due to changes in climate, habitat, and island area during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition.

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6

Joseph, Fiona. "The Treatment of Haitian Bahamians in Bahamian Society." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 20, no. 1 (September 24, 2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v20i1.226.

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7

Steadman, David W., and Janet Franklin. "Bird populations and species lost to Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact in the Bahamas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (October 5, 2020): 26833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013368117.

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Comparing distributional information derived from fossils with the modern distribution of species, we summarize the changing bird communities of the Bahamian Archipelago across deep ecological time. While our entire dataset consists of 7,600+ identified fossils from 32 sites on 15 islands (recording 137 species of resident and migratory birds), we focus on the landbirds from four islands with the best fossil records, three from the Late Pleistocene (∼25 to 10 ka [1,000 y ago]) and one from the Holocene (∼10 to 0 ka). The Late Pleistocene sites feature 51 resident species that have lost one or more Bahamian populations; 29 of these species do not occur in any of the younger Holocene sites (or in the Bahamas today). Of these 29 species, 17 have their closest affinities to species now or formerly living in Cuba and/or North America. A set of 27 species of landbirds, most of them extant somewhere today, was more widespread in the Bahamas in the prehistoric Holocene (∼10 to 0.5 ka) than they are today; 16 of these 27 species were recorded as Pleistocene fossils as well. No single site adequately captures the entire landbird fauna of the combined focal islands. Information from all sites is required to assess changes in Bahamian biodiversity (including endemism) since the Late Pleistocene. The Bahamian islands are smaller, flatter, lower, and more biotically depauperate than the Greater Antilles, resulting in more vulnerable bird communities.

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8

Latzman, Joshua. "Bahamian Angel." Annals of Internal Medicine 148, no. 6 (March 18, 2008): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00012.

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9

Nixon, Angelique V. "Bahamian, speak." Anthurium A Caribbean Studies Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33596/anth.191.

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10

McCauley-Bush, PhD, Pamela, Mohammad Jeelani, BS, MS, Susan Gaines, BS, MS, Llewelyn Curling, PhD, Philip Armbrister, BS, MS, Arturo Watlington, BS, MS, Renaldo Major, BS, Lorneska Rolle, BS, and Sarah Cohen, BS. "Assessment of communication needs for emergency management officials in high-consequence emergencies." Journal of Emergency Management 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2012.0083.

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Objective: To identify the communication needs for Bahamian emergency management officials using wireless technology to support emergency-related activities.Design: This study began with literature review, a focus group interview, and a paper-based survey of emergency management officials.Setting: Focus group interview was held at the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) office in Nassau, Bahamas, with subject matter experts (SMEs). A survey was conducted in which 31 Bahamian emergency management officials had participated. Data were compiled and analyzed at the University of Central Florida (UCF).Subjects and participants: A focus group consisting of 14 SMEs representing NEMA, emergency support functions, and affiliated organizations. Thirty-one Bahamian emergency management officials including 14 SMEs participated in the survey.Interventions: Professors at the College of The Bahamas and UCF read and gave input at each phase of the study, as well as final review in the form of thesis defense at UCF.Main outcome measures: A list of communication needs for emergency management officials in high-consequence emergency management situations was compiled.Results: Identified communication needs include an improved wireless communication infrastructure, official implementation of wireless devices for use in emergencies, and devices with improved durability, usability, and functionality.Conclusions: The surveys and interviews with officials proved to be an effective technique for identifying user problems, difficulties, and preferences with wireless handheld communication devices and telecommunication systems. This methodology can be used to identify the communication needs for emergency management officials around the globe.

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11

SHELLEY, ROWLAND M. "Redescription of the milliped Amphelictogon subterraneus bahamiensis Chamberlin, 1918, with an assessment of the family Chelodesmidae in the Bahamas (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea)." Zootaxa 180, no. 1 (April 9, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.180.1.1.

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The milliped Amphelictogon subterraneus bahamiensis Chamberlin, 1918, the only representative of the family Chelodesmidae in the Bahamas and the only one in the New World occurring in part north of the Tropic of Cancer, is recorded from Eleuthera Island in addition to published localities from Andros and Cat Islands, Bahamas, and Cayo Coco, Cuba, where it is common. A redescription in English is provided along with gonopod drawings in medial and lateral views; a female cyphopod is illustrated for the first time. The populations on these three Bahamian islands probably represent isolated fragments of a once continuous population on the Pleistocene “super-island” on Great Bahama Bank, which in turn likely originated through rafting from the area of Cuba that now includes Cayo Coco. Investigations are needed to learn whether the species still survives on Andros, Eleuthera, and Cat islands, and whether additional populations occur on other islands that were once joined in the Pleistocene land mass.

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12

Lawlor, Anne F. "Bahamian English or Bahamian Creole? A Socio-Historical Investigation." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 8 (February 18, 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v8i0.21.

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13

Steadman, David W., Nancy A. Albury, Lizabeth A. Carlson, Richard Franz, Michelle J. LeFebvre, Brian Kakuk, and William F. Keegan. "The paleoecology and extinction of endemic tortoises in the Bahamian Archipelago." Holocene 30, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619887412.

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No native species of tortoises ( Chelonoidis spp.) live today in the Bahamian (Lucayan) Archipelago (= The Bahamas + The Turks and Caicos Islands), although a number of species inhabited these islands at the first human contact in the late-Holocene. Until their extinction, tortoises were the largest terrestrial herbivores in the island group. We report 16 accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) dates determined directly on individual bones of indigenous, extinct tortoises from the six Bahamian islands (Abaco, Eleuthera, Flamingo Cay, Crooked, Middle Caicos, Grand Turk) on five different carbonate banks. These 16 specimens probably represent six or seven species of tortoises, although only one ( Chelonoidis alburyorum on Abaco) has been described thus far. Tortoises seem to have survived on most Bahamian islands for only one or two centuries after initial human settlement, which took place no earlier than AD ~700–1000. The exception is Grand Turk, where we have evidence from the Coralie archeological site that tortoises survived for approximately three centuries after human arrival, based on stratigraphically associated 14C dates from both tortoise bones and wood charcoal. The stable isotope values of carbon (σ13C) and nitrogen (σ15N) of dated tortoise fossils show a NW-to-SE trend in the archipelago that may reflect increasing aridity and more consumption of cactus.

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14

Turner, Grace. "Bahamian Ship Graffiti." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 35, no. 2 (October 2006): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2006.00102.x.

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15

Bethel, Nicolette. "Engendering The Bahamas: A Gendered Examination of Bahamian Nation Making, or National Identity and Gender in the Bahamian Context." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 12 (February 28, 2008): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v12i0.54.

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16

BARTELS, PAUL J., PAULO FONTOURA, and DIANE R. NELSON. "Marine tardigrades of the Bahamas with the description of two new species and updated keys to the species of Anisonyches and Archechiniscus." Zootaxa 4420, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.3.

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This is the first survey of subtidal marine tardigrades from the Bahamas, and we compare our results with earlier studies of Bahamian intertidal habitats. In 2011 and 2014 we collected 60 subtidal sand samples from Bimini, the Berry Islands, New Providence, Eleuthera, and the Exumas. We found 11 species only one of which, Dipodarctus subterraneus (Renaud-Debyser, 1959), had been found in the previous intertidal Bahamian collections. Thus, 10 species are new records for the Bahamas, and four of these are new to science. We describe two of the new species (Archechiniscus bahamensis sp. nov. and Anisonyches eleutherensis sp. nov.). Additional material is needed for a conclusive identification of the undescribed species of Batillipes and Florarctus. Based on examination of the holotype of Anisonyches diakidius Pollock, 1975, we redescribe this species and give an emended diagnosis of the genus and the species. We also provide new keys to the species in the genera Archechiniscus and Anisonyches. A Chao2 species richness estimate indicated that our sampling effort was extensive and probably recovered most common species. Correlations of abundance and diversity indices with regard to depth, distance to nearest shore, and sediment grain size were not significant.

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17

Shipley, Oliver N., Lucy A. Howey, Emily R. Tolentino, Lance K. B. Jordan, Jonathan L. W. Ruppert, and Edward J. Brooks. "Horizontal and vertical movements of Caribbean reef sharks ( Carcharhinus perezi ): conservation implications of limited migration in a marine sanctuary." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 2 (February 2017): 160611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160611.

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Despite the ecological and economic importance of the Caribbean reef shark ( Carcharhinus perezi ), little data exist regarding the movements and habitat use of this predator across its range. We deployed 11 pop-up satellite archival tags on Caribbean reef sharks captured in the northeast Exuma Sound, The Bahamas, to assess their horizontal and vertical movements throughout the water column. Sharks showed high site fidelity to The Bahamas suggesting Bahamian subpopulations remain protected within the Bahamian Shark Sanctuary. Depth data indicate that Caribbean reef sharks spent a significant proportion (72–91%) of their time above 50 m in narrow vertical depth bands, which varied considerably on an individual basis. This may be indicative of high site fidelity to specific bathymetric features. Animals exhibited three broadly categorized sporadic off-bank excursions (more than 50 m excursions) down to a depth of 436.1 m, which were more frequent during the night. These deeper excursions during night may be indicative of foraging in relation to prey on mesophotic reefs, as well as diel-vertically migrating prey from the deeper meso- and bathypelagic zones. These vertical movements suggest that Caribbean reef sharks can be significant vectors of ecosystem connectivity further warranting holistic multi-system management and conservation approaches.

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18

Johnson, Scott. "Attempted predation of a Bahamian Racer (Cubophis vudii vudii) by a Bahamian Boa (Chilabothrus strigilatus strigilatus) on New Providence, The Bahamas." Reptiles & Amphibians 28, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i1.15314.

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19

Hackert, Stephanie. "Pseudotitles in Bahamian English." Journal of English Linguistics 43, no. 2 (April 14, 2015): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424215577966.

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20

Wheeller, Brian. "Bahamian rhapsody in blue." Tourism Management 17, no. 5 (August 1996): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(96)84080-5.

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21

Schulting, Rick, Mike Richards, John Pouncett, Bryan Naqqi Manco, Ethan Freid, and Joanna Ostapkowicz. "Absence of Saharan dust influence on the strontium isotope ratios on modern trees from the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands." Quaternary Research 89, no. 2 (March 2018): 394–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.8.

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AbstractWe report on strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope results from 91 modern trees growing on the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands. The average87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.709169±0.000010 is consistent with the late Quaternary limestone of the islands and with the modern ocean value. The absence of any detectable influence of87Sr-enriched Saharan dust is notable, given the known contribution of this material to both past and recent soils of the Caribbean. Our results indicate that the impact of Saharan dust to the modern biosphere of the Bahamian archipelago is at least an order of magnitude less than modeled in currently available strontium isoscapes for the circum-Caribbean. We suggest that the bioavailability of Sr in Saharan dust may be considerably less than previously thought. Nevertheless, further work could usefully be carried out in the Bahamian archipelago on plants with different rooting depths, growing on different soil types and on limestone of different ages. Our results have particular relevance for the refinement of existing strontium isoscapes and the archaeological provenience of artifacts, animals, and people in the circum-Caribbean.

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22

Steadman, David W., and Janet Franklin. "Origin, paleoecology, and extirpation of bluebirds and crossbills in the Bahamas across the last glacial–interglacial transition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (August 28, 2017): 9924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707660114.

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On low islands or island groups such as the Bahamas, surrounded by shallow oceans, Quaternary glacial–interglacial changes in climate and sea level had major effects on terrestrial plant and animal communities. We examine the paleoecology of two species of songbirds (Passeriformes) recorded as Late Pleistocene fossils on the Bahamian island of Abaco—the Eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and Hispaniolan crossbill (Loxia megaplaga). Each species lives today only outside of the Bahamian Archipelago, with S. sialis occurring in North and Central America and L. megaplaga endemic to Hispaniola. Unrecorded in the Holocene fossil record of Abaco, both of these species probably colonized Abaco during the last glacial interval but were eliminated when the island became much smaller, warmer, wetter, and more isolated during the last glacial–interglacial transition from ∼15 to 9 ka. Today’s warming temperatures and rising sea levels, although not as great in magnitude as those that took place from ∼15 to 9 ka, are occurring rapidly and may contribute to considerable biotic change on islands by acting in synergy with direct human impacts.

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23

Dawson, Jessica R., and Tracey L. Thompson. "Ramble Bahamas: Pioneering Bahamian History & Culture in the Digital Age." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 23 (May 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v23i0.285.

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24

Wright, Carlton Leroy, and Christine Gangelhoff. "Cultural Identity in Bahamian Art Music: The Expression of Four Bahamian Composers." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 19, no. 2 (November 11, 2013): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v19i2.189.

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25

Johnson, Howard. "Bahamian Labor Migration to Florida in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." International Migration Review 22, no. 1 (March 1988): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200104.

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In the period 1880–1920 wage-labor migration of Bahamians, unlike that of other British West Indians, was primarily to the nearby State of Florida. This article examines the economic structure of the Bahamas which, with the decline of major agricultural export staples, promoted this outward migration particularly to Miami in the early years of the twentieth century. It discusses the implications of oscillating and permanent migration for the sending area. This discussion involves a consideration of the effects of labor migration on the family and out-island agriculture and the impact of remittances on economic development in the Bahamas.

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Allens, David. "Conceptions of Race Beyond North America: The Subversion of the Colonial Racial Contract in The Bahamas." Caribbean Quilt 5 (May 19, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/caribbeanquilt.v5i0.34368.

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In his work Ethnic groups and boundaries, Frederick Barth argues that applying definitions to group of peoples has less to do with emphasizing a shared culture than with defining the sentiments of communality in opposition to the perceived identity of an ‘other’ (Barth). In applying Barth’s framework, modern Bahamian identity has developed—and is largely understood—in comparison to a Haitian ‘other.' Therefore, this essay will argue that, having gone through multiple iterations of the racial contract, policies of subjugation initially intended for black colonial subjects (e.g. uneven development and colonially encouraged distrust) have been subverted for use by The Bahamas’ post-independence government against those with Haitian ancestry. It will demonstrate that Bahamian sentiments towards Haitians are contextualized historically and based on a long-standing colonial tradition of discrimination and social control that pitted West Indian immigrants against them. While this subjugation is no longer enforced along phenotypical lines, elements of privilege connected to the racial contract are now adjudicated along different lines that may prove harder to distinguish, perhaps making the privileges attached to the dominant identity different from a North American context.

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Stockley, David. "National Drugs Intelligence Unit." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 61, no. 4 (October 1988): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x8806100402.

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Served 3–1/2 years as Deputy Head of the Metropolitan Police Central Drug Squad. During this time he was seconded to the Bahamas (between November 1983 and July 1984) as an investigator to assist a Commission of Inquiry into drug trafficking from South America to the USA using the Bahamas as a transhipment point. The inquiry also included investigating allegations of involvement by public officials including members of the Bahamian Government. He was promoted Detective Chief Superintendent in April 1986 and has since served in the National Drugs Intelligence Unit during the major part of its development. Any opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and should not be attributed to the NDIC, Metropolitan Police or Home Office.

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28

Fielding, William J. "Bullying in the Bahamian Workplace." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 26 (October 23, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v26i0.355.

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McElroy, Jerome L., and Klaus Albuquerque. "Bahamian labor migration, 1901-1963." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 60, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1986): 167–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002059.

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Kaljee, Linda, Bo Wang, Lynette Deveaux, Sonja Lunn, Glenda Rolle, Maria Elena Villar, and Bonita Stanton. "Cross-sectional data on alcohol and marijuana use and sexual behavior among male and female secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0079.

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Abstract Background: While The Bahamas have significantly reduced poor reproductive health outcomes among adolescents and emerging adults, data indicate that youth are engaged in sexual risk behaviors. Substance use has been linked to increased risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in other contexts. There are limited data on Bahamian youth in relation to consumption of alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to assess potential relationships between alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behavior among government secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas. Materials and methods: Total sample size was 2572, and about 56% of respondents were female. Mean age was 14.2 (SD 2.7 years). Cross-sectional data came from a baseline survey conducted as part of a longitudinal randomized controlled evaluation of a school-based HIV prevention and reproductive health program in New Providence. Results: Overall, 46.5% (519) males and 44.8% (652) females reported alcohol consumption; 7.3% (82) males and 1.7% (25) females reported use of marijuana in the last 6 months. About 43% (477) male respondents and 16% (231) female respondents reported ever having vaginal sex. Logistic regression analysis indicates that increased likelihood of engaging in sex during the past 6 months is associated with being older, male, and consuming alcohol and marijuana. Conclusion: These data provide a ‘global correlation’ between substance use and engagement in sexual behaviors among Bahamian adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to assess event specific risks and identify mediating and moderating factors. These findings indicate the importance of integrating reproductive health and substance use education.

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Fielding, William J., Travis W. Cronin, and Christina Risley-Curtiss. "College Students’ Experiences of Nonhuman Animal Harm in the United States and The Bahamas." Society & Animals 28, no. 7 (December 19, 2018): 752–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341534.

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Abstract This study compares and contrasts experiences of harm to nonhuman animals in the lives of 830 college students in The Bahamas and the United States. Overall, students in The Bahamas were more likely to have been exposed to seeing animals harmed (65%) than those in the United States (16%), and they were more likely to have seen an animal killed (22% in The Bahamas and 12% in the United States). Bahamian students reported a higher rate of participation in harming animals than United States students. Stray animals were at greater risk of harm than animals designated as companion animals. The occurrence of coerced harm to animals including zoophilia was low. Participants were indirect victims of animal harm at older ages than the ages at which they had first witnessed or participated in harming animals. Cross-societal implications of harming animals are discussed in the context of teaching animal welfare.

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Fall, Patricia L., Peter J. van Hengstum, Lisa Lavold-Foote, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Nancy A. Albury, and Anne E. Tamalavage. "Human arrival and landscape dynamics in the northern Bahamas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (March 1, 2021): e2015764118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015764118.

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The first Caribbean settlers were Amerindians from South America. Great Abaco and Grand Bahama, the final islands colonized in the northernmost Bahamas, were inhabited by the Lucayans when Europeans arrived. The timing of Lucayan arrival in the northern Bahamas has been uncertain because direct archaeological evidence is limited. We document Lucayan arrival on Great Abaco Island through a detailed record of vegetation, fire, and landscape dynamics based on proxy data from Blackwood Sinkhole. From about 3,000 to 1,000 y ago, forests dominated by hardwoods and palms were resilient to the effects of hurricanes and cooling sea surface temperatures. The arrival of Lucayans by about 830 CE (2σ range: 720 to 920 CE) is demarcated by increased burning and followed by landscape disturbance and a time-transgressive shift from hardwoods and palms to the modern pine forest. Considering that Lucayan settlements in the southern Bahamian archipelago are dated to about 750 CE (2σ range: 600 to 900 CE), these results demonstrate that Lucayans spread rapidly through the archipelago in less than 100 y. Although precontact landscapes would have been influenced by storms and climatic trends, the most pronounced changes follow more directly from landscape burning and ecosystem shifts after Lucayan arrival. The pine forests of Abaco declined substantially between 1500 and 1670 CE, a period of increased regional hurricane activity, coupled with fires on an already human-impacted landscape. Any future intensification of hurricane activity in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean threatens the sustainability of modern pine forests in the northern Bahamas.

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33

Brook, George A. "Bahamian Landscapes: An Introduction to the Geography of the Bahamas (review)." Southeastern Geographer 36, no. 1 (1996): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1996.0019.

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34

Keegan, William F., and Michael J. DeNiro. "Stable Carbon- and Nitrogen-Isotope Ratios of Bone Collagen Used to Study Coral-Reef and Terrestrial Components of Prehistoric Bahamian Diet." American Antiquity 53, no. 2 (April 1988): 320–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281022.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios of bone collagen can be used to distinguish marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet. However, when this method was first applied to prehistoric Bahamians, their bone-collagen nitrogen-isotope ratios were found to be outside the ranges observed for other coastal populations that ate substantial quantities of marine foods. This study examines in detail the distributions of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in Bahamian food chains. Our results indicate that the unique isotopic signature in bone collagen of prehistoric Bahamians reflects the enrichment of 13C and the depletion of 15N in seagrass and coral-reef communities relative to other oceanic environments. The results also demonstrate that bone-collagen 13C/12C ratios can be used to distinguish marine from terrestrial contributions in the prehistoric Lucayan Taino diet, and that 15N/14N ratios serve to identify the use of certain marine food groups. This approach should prove useful for the study of consumption practices in other tropical coral-reef environments and as a method for evaluating theoretically predicted optimal diets.

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PLANAVSKY, N., and R. N. GINSBURG. "TAPHONOMY OF MODERN MARINE BAHAMIAN MICROBIALITES." PALAIOS 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2008.p08-001r.

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36

Bain, Michelle Veronica. "Language Education and Bahamian Students' Compositions." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 13 (February 19, 2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v13i0.57.

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37

Sairsingh, A. Marie. "Historical Continuum in Bahamian Literary Thought." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 24 (October 16, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v24i0.311.

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38

Bethell-Bennett, Ian A. "Bahamian Coloniality and Violence: Legal Legacies." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 26 (September 17, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v26i0.373.

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39

Donnelly, Janet L. "Basilectal Features of Bahamian Creole English." International Journal of Bahamian Studies 9 (February 18, 2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15362/ijbs.v9i0.28.

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40

Debbage, Keith G. "Spatial behavior in a bahamian resort." Annals of Tourism Research 18, no. 2 (January 1991): 251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(91)90008-y.

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41

Chandra, Anjali, and Eugene Cooper. "Colorectal Cancer in the Bahamian Population." American Journal of Gastroenterology 109 (October 2014): S618. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201410002-02107.

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42

Broecker, W. S., A. Sanyal, and T. Takahashi. "The origin of Bahamian Whitings revisited." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 22 (November 15, 2000): 3759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl011872.

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43

Kornicker, Louis S., T. M. Iliffe, and E. Harrison-Nelson. "Ostracoda (Myodocopa) from Bahamian Blue Holes." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, no. 616 (2002): 1–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.616.

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Steppe, T. F., J. L. Pinckney, J. Dyble, and H. W. Paerl. "Diazotrophy in Modern Marine Bahamian Stromatolites." Microbial Ecology 41, no. 1 (January 2001): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002480000066.

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Mylroie, J. "Research on carbonates?Bahamian Field Station." Environmental Geology 27, no. 3 (April 1, 1996): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050059.

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Brattström, Hans. "Marine biological investigations in the bahamas 22. Litioral zonation at three Bahamian beachrock localities." Sarsia 77, no. 2 (September 10, 1992): 81–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1992.10413495.

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Wunderle, Joseph M., and Robert B. Waide. "Future prospects for Nearctic migrants wintering in Caribbean forests." Bird Conservation International 4, no. 2-3 (September 1994): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090000277x.

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SummaryWintering Nearctic migrants constitute a high proportion of the birds present in many terrestrial habitats in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles, but their proportions decline southward through the Lesser Antilles. Many migrants winter on densely populated islands which have been extensively deforested. Current estimates show that only 21% of the land area, or approximately five million hectares, remain in forest on Caribbean and Bahamian islands, indicating that most of the major deforestation has already occurred. Although reforestation is under way on a few islands, many remnant forest fragments are threatened by humans or natural disturbances such as drought or hurricanes. Thus wintering migrants requiring closed-canopy forest are at greatest risk to habitat loss, whereas species requiring early successional habitats are not currently threatened, assuming that pesticide use does not increase. Policies which protect forests, particularly mangroves, wet limestone and montane broadleaf forests in the Greater Antilles, and broadleaf scrub (“coppice”) in the Bahamas, will be beneficial to migrants and endemic species.

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Thompson, H. L., and C. A. Jupp. "The Bahamas: the Bahamian foundation and the Executive Entity--an innovative approach to wealth structuring in The Bahamas." Trusts & Trustees 17, no. 6 (April 7, 2011): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttr066.

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Murchie, Karen J., Aaron D. Shultz, Jeffrey A. Stein, Steven J. Cooke, Justin Lewis, Jason Franklin, Greg Vincent, Edward J. Brooks, Julie E. Claussen, and David P. Philipp. "Defining adult bonefish (Albula vulpes) movement corridors around Grand Bahama in the Bahamian Archipelago." Environmental Biology of Fishes 98, no. 11 (June 6, 2015): 2203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-015-0422-4.

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Morrison, Lloyd W. "The Insular Biogeography of Small Bahamian Cays." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 4 (August 1997): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960568.

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